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WO1992005655A1 - Mecanisme d'acces a une base de donnees d'images numerisees permettant d'obtenir une resolution d'affichage amelioree par processus iteratif - Google Patents

Mecanisme d'acces a une base de donnees d'images numerisees permettant d'obtenir une resolution d'affichage amelioree par processus iteratif Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992005655A1
WO1992005655A1 PCT/US1991/006614 US9106614W WO9205655A1 WO 1992005655 A1 WO1992005655 A1 WO 1992005655A1 US 9106614 W US9106614 W US 9106614W WO 9205655 A1 WO9205655 A1 WO 9205655A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
image
pixels
data
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/006614
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Holden Richard Caine
Scott Alan Brownstein
David Lee Funston
Kenneth Alan Parulski
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Company filed Critical Eastman Kodak Company
Priority to BR919105918A priority Critical patent/BR9105918A/pt
Priority to KR1019920701114A priority patent/KR920702586A/ko
Publication of WO1992005655A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992005655A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4023Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on decimating pixels or lines of pixels; based on inserting pixels or lines of pixels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/21Intermediate information storage
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/50Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
    • G06F16/51Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/21Intermediate information storage
    • H04N1/2166Intermediate information storage for mass storage, e.g. in document filing systems
    • H04N1/217Interfaces allowing access to a single user
    • H04N1/2175Interfaces allowing access to a single user with local image input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0081Image reader
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0082Image hardcopy reproducer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/0077Types of the still picture apparatus
    • H04N2201/0089Image display device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to digitized image data processing systems and is particularly directed to a mechanism for accessing the contents of a two-dimensional image-representative database and rapidly displaying an image the resolution of which is iteratively increased during successive scans of the database.
  • Digital imaging systems such as those employed for converting still color photographic slides into a digital format for display on a color television monitor, customarily encode the output of an electronic imaging device, such as a digital color camera, to some prescribed resolution and store the encoded image in an associated database as a respective image file on a digital storage medium.
  • an electronic imaging device such as a digital color camera
  • the contents of the respective addresses of the database in which the digitized image has been stored are read out and coupled to display driver circuitry for energizing corresponding pixels of a display device.
  • the considerable "viewing delay" encountered in accessing a digital image from a relatively high resolution database using a conventional sequential data access scheme is substantially reduced by a readout and display control mechanism that rapidly provides the viewer with an initially relatively low resolution image and thereafter automatically increases the resolution of the displayed image.
  • the present invention enables the viewer to determine whether the image being displayed is of interest, so that the viewer has the immediate option of calling up another stored image or permitting the currently displayed low resolution image to be iteratively enhanced.
  • the present invention incorporates a memory addressing mechanism through which first partitioned data entries of the image database, which are respectively associated with a two- dimensional sub-array of R X S picture elements of the image and the spatial resolution of which is less than that of the M X N picture elements of the display, are sequentially accessed at the transfer rate of the digital storage device (e.g. the above-referenced 167.4 kbytes/sec rate of a compact disc player) and stored in a corresponding sub-array of R X S pixels in the playback device. Because, the size of the R X S sub- array is a fraction (e.g. one-fourth) of the M X N picture elements of the display, it is necessary to interpolate the remaining (adjacent) display pixels.
  • the transfer rate of the digital storage device e.g. the above-referenced 167.4 kbytes/sec rate of a compact disc player
  • the interpolation mechanism is preferably executed by replicating each accessed data value for one or more adjacent pixels, so that each respective pixel of image data from the first partitioned picture region R X S sub-array, is initially coupled to a selected plurality (e.g. four) of display pixels, thereby rapidly providing the viewer with a low resolution image.
  • R X S sub-arrays of data entries associated with pixels whose values were originally replicated from the first R X S sub-array are accessed, so that successive sub-arrays of (replicated) pixel values are iteratively replaced by actual data values from the database.
  • R X S sub-arrays are read out from database into the playback device, at the CD player's (low speed) transfer rate, this successive sub-array replacement operation will result in a final display having an increased resolution image.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates a photographic color slide processing system in which the present invention may be employed
  • Figure 2 diagrammatically shows a 512 row by 768 column array of image picture elements (pixels) ;
  • Figure 3 diagrammatically shows the sub-array components of an 8 X 8 pixel image
  • Figure 4 diagrammatically illustrates replicating each accessed data value for a plurality of four adjacent pixels
  • FIGs 5, 6 and 7 diagrammatically illustrate the iterative updating of the output image obtained by sequentially accessing the four partitioned sub-arrays of the image database of Figure 3.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates a photographic color film processing system in which the present invention may be employed.
  • a photographic color film processing system in which the present invention may be employed.
  • such a system may be of the type described, for example, in co-pending Patent application Serial Number , filed , by S. Kristy, entitled “Multiresolution Digital Imagery Photofinishing System, " assigned to the assignee of the present application and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
  • the system described in the above-referenced co- pending application is merely an example of one type of system in which the invention may be used and is not to be considered limitative of the invention.
  • the invention may be incorporated in any digitized imagery processing system.
  • photographic images are scanned by a high resolution opto-electronic film scanner 12, such as a commercially available Eikonix Model 1435 scanner.
  • Scanner 12 outputs digitally encoded data representative of the response of its image sensing array onto which the photographic image contained on a respective color negative is projected.
  • This digitally encoded data, or "digitized" image is coupled in the form of an imaging pixel array- representative bit map to an attendant image processing workstation 14, which contains a frame store and image processing application software through which the digitized image may be processed (e.g. enlarged, rotated, cropped, subjected to scene color balance correction, etc.) to achieve a desired image appearance.
  • an image file is written onto a transportable medium, such as an optical compact disc 16, for subsequent playback by a disc player 20 which allows the image to be displayed, for example, on a relatively moderate resolution consumer television set 22, or printed as a finished color print, using a high resolution thermal color printer 24.
  • a transportable medium such as an optical compact disc 16
  • a disc player 20 which allows the image to be displayed, for example, on a relatively moderate resolution consumer television set 22, or printed as a finished color print, using a high resolution thermal color printer 24.
  • each captured image is stored as a respective image data file in the form of a low resolution image bit map file and a plurality of residual images associated with respectively different degrees of image resolution.
  • a readout device such as a color video display or hard copy printer.
  • the low resolution bit map file to which the original high resolution image is reduced may comprise a 512 row by 768 column array of pixel values, as diagrammatically shown in Figure 2, and such that there is substantially a one-for-one correspondence between the spatial values of the low resolution image array and the pixels of an associated display, such as the 480 X 640 "square pixel" display capability of an NTSC television receiver, where the center 480 rows and 640 columns of the database pixels correspond, one-for-one, with the display pixels.
  • the stored 512 row by 768 column image is preferably formatted into a plurality (e.g. four) partitioned sub- arrays, respective image locations of which are immediately adjacent to one another, so as to form an array of contiguous image components.
  • the database may be considered to comprise a 256 X 384 array of "blocks-of-four" image components 1, 2, 3 and 4, several of which are shown in Figure 2.
  • the discussion to follow will treat an image comprised of eight rows R1...R8 and eight columns C1...C8 of image values, as diagrammatically shown in Figure 3. It should be observed that the example of an 8 X 8 image is merely for purposes of simplifying the description and illustration and, like the 512 X 768 pixel image, referenced above, is not to be considered limitative of the invention.
  • the 8 X 8 pixel image of Figure 3 is depicted as comprising a 4 X 4 array of partitioned "blocks-of- four" image blocks B1...B16, each of which contains four adjacent pixels.
  • Image block Bl contains pixels 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4.
  • image block B2 contains pixels 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4, and so on, down through block B16, which contains pixels 16-1, 16-2, 16-3 and 16-4.
  • block B16 contains pixels 16-1, 16-2, 16-3 and 16-4.
  • the remaining "replicated" entries of the image are successively "filled-in” with their true values, until the image is completed. More particularly, when a digitized image read out by CD player in Figure 1 from compact disc 16 is to be displayed on video display 22, the first partitioned sub-array of pixel values (1-1...1-16 in Figure 3) is transferred to a video framestore resident in CD player 20. As the first sub-array of pixels is transferred and stored in the CD player framestore, the framestore is addressed so as to store the respective entries of only one of its low resolution sub-arrays, such as 4 X 4 sub-array 1, containing sub-array data entries 1-1...1-16.
  • the interpolation mechanism is preferably executed by replicating each pixel value of the first partitioned sub-array for one or more adjacent pixels, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 4, so that each respective pixel of the first partitioned sub-array (1- 1...1-16) is initially coupled to a selected plurality (here four) of display pixels, thereby rapidly providing the viewer with a low resolution image.
  • the phrase "increased" resolution image is intended to mean an image whose resolution is greater than that originally presented using only the first partitioned sub-array , as shown in Figure 4.
  • the originally displayed image is a 240 X 320 pixel image
  • the final "increased" resolution image is a 480 X 640 pixel image.
  • the "increased" resolution image is not necessarily the maximum resolution image available after iterative residual processing of the bit-mapped image within the original database which provides a "high" resolution image, for example a 2048 X 3072 pixel image suitable for producing a high quality color print.
  • the present invention is able to substantially reduce the considerable "viewing delay" encountered when accessing a digital image from a relatively high resolution database using a conventional sequential low speed data transfer scheme.
  • the present invention enables the viewer to determine whether the image being displayed is of interest, so that the viewer has the immediate option of calling up another stored image or permitting the currently displayed low resolution image to be iteratively enhanced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

On réduit sensiblement le 'temps d'attente d'affichage' lors de l'accès en lecture d'une image numérique provenant d'une base de données à résolution relativement élevée qui a été stockée sur dispositif de mémorisation numérique ayant une vitesse de transfert relativement lente, tel qu'un disque compact, en utilisant un mécanisme de commande de lecture et d'affichage qui fournit rapidement à l'utilisateur une première image à résolution relativement faible, ledit mécanisme augmentant ensuite la résolution de l'image affichée. En présentant à l'utilisateur une telle image 'à lecture instantanée' à faible résolution, cette invention permet à l'utilisateur de déterminer si l'image affichée est digne d'intérêt, de sorte que l'utilisateur peut décider immédiatement d'appeler une autre image stockée en mémoire ou d'autoriser l'amélioration par processus itératif de l'image à faible résolution qui est affichée sur l'écran, afin d'obtenir une image ayant une meilleure résolution.
PCT/US1991/006614 1990-09-14 1991-09-12 Mecanisme d'acces a une base de donnees d'images numerisees permettant d'obtenir une resolution d'affichage amelioree par processus iteratif WO1992005655A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR919105918A BR9105918A (pt) 1990-09-14 1991-09-12 Processo de exibir a imagem em um dispositivo exibidor,e de controlar a energizacao de uma estrutura
KR1019920701114A KR920702586A (ko) 1990-09-14 1991-09-12 개선된 디스플레이 해상도를 반복적으로 제공하도록 디지탈화된 이미지 데이타 베이스를 액세스하는 메카니즘

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58270090A 1990-09-14 1990-09-14
US582,700 1990-09-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992005655A1 true WO1992005655A1 (fr) 1992-04-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/006614 WO1992005655A1 (fr) 1990-09-14 1991-09-12 Mecanisme d'acces a une base de donnees d'images numerisees permettant d'obtenir une resolution d'affichage amelioree par processus iteratif

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0500924A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05502782A (fr)
KR (1) KR920702586A (fr)
CN (1) CN1062253A (fr)
AU (1) AU8761191A (fr)
BR (1) BR9105918A (fr)
CA (1) CA2068723A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9101096A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992005655A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0651928A4 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1995-11-15 Automated Medical Access Corp Systeme automatise de stockage, recherche et transmission d'images a haute definition/resolution.
EP0673153A3 (fr) * 1994-03-18 1996-08-28 Canon Information Syst Inc Sytème d'affichage d'image.
WO1998057274A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Methode permettant un retour rapide d'images soustraites d'une base de donnees video numeriques
EP0930757A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-21 Seiko Epson Corporation Transmission de données avec prévisualisation des données
EP1283482A2 (fr) 2001-08-08 2003-02-12 Xerox Corporation Procédés et Systèmes pour faire la transition entre des "ongles du pouce" et documents basés sur l'apparition des "ongles du pouce"
US6542192B2 (en) 1997-02-20 2003-04-01 Eastman Kodak Company Image display method and digital still camera providing rapid image display by displaying low resolution image followed by high resolution image
EP1441533A3 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-10-13 Oplayo Oy Flux pour un niveau de qualité désiré
EP1025547A4 (fr) * 1997-06-10 2006-03-15 Flashpoint Technology Inc Procede et systeme accelerant l'interface utilisateur de l'ecran d'une unite de prise d'images en mode lecture
US7069506B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2006-06-27 Xerox Corporation Methods and systems for generating enhanced thumbnails
EP0873008B2 (fr) 1997-04-16 2006-12-20 Seiko Epson Corporation Sélection d'image à haute vitesse et appareil photo numérique avec sélection d'image à haute vitesse
US8127232B2 (en) 1998-12-31 2012-02-28 Flashpoint Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for editing heterogeneous media objects in a digital imaging device
US8970761B2 (en) 1997-07-09 2015-03-03 Flashpoint Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for correcting aspect ratio in a camera graphical user interface
US9224145B1 (en) 2006-08-30 2015-12-29 Qurio Holdings, Inc. Venue based digital rights using capture device with digital watermarking capability

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105260389B (zh) * 2015-09-14 2018-07-17 北京航空航天大学 一种无人机侦察图像数据管理及可视化显示方法

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DE3150203A1 (de) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-23 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren und anordnung zum erzeugen kodierter bildsignalwerte und zum rueckgewinnen der bildsignale
JPS63206084A (ja) * 1987-02-23 1988-08-25 Hitachi Ltd 画像表示装置
US4803554A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-02-07 Polaroid Corporation Electronic imaging camera utilizing EPROM memory
GB2216746A (en) * 1988-03-11 1989-10-11 Ricoh Kk Control apparatus of image filing system
JPH0215782A (ja) * 1988-07-04 1990-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 画像符号化方式
WO1991014334A1 (fr) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-19 Eastman Kodak Company Camera electronique pour images immobiles, permettant une memorisation multi-format d'images de haute definition et de definition reduite

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DE3150203A1 (de) * 1981-12-18 1983-06-23 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren und anordnung zum erzeugen kodierter bildsignalwerte und zum rueckgewinnen der bildsignale
JPS63206084A (ja) * 1987-02-23 1988-08-25 Hitachi Ltd 画像表示装置
US4803554A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-02-07 Polaroid Corporation Electronic imaging camera utilizing EPROM memory
GB2216746A (en) * 1988-03-11 1989-10-11 Ricoh Kk Control apparatus of image filing system
JPH0215782A (ja) * 1988-07-04 1990-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 画像符号化方式
WO1991014334A1 (fr) * 1990-03-15 1991-09-19 Eastman Kodak Company Camera electronique pour images immobiles, permettant une memorisation multi-format d'images de haute definition et de definition reduite

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 493 (E-697)(3340) 22 December 1988 & JP,A,63 206 084 ( HITACHI LTD. ) 25 August 1988 see abstract *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 156 (E-908)(4099) 26 March 1990 & JP,A,2 015 782 ( MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP. ) 19 January 1990 see abstract *

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0651928A4 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1995-11-15 Automated Medical Access Corp Systeme automatise de stockage, recherche et transmission d'images a haute definition/resolution.
EP0673153A3 (fr) * 1994-03-18 1996-08-28 Canon Information Syst Inc Sytème d'affichage d'image.
US5844568A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-12-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha System for selectively extracting pixels from an image and for forming an abstract image by displaying the extracted pixels
US6542192B2 (en) 1997-02-20 2003-04-01 Eastman Kodak Company Image display method and digital still camera providing rapid image display by displaying low resolution image followed by high resolution image
EP0873008B2 (fr) 1997-04-16 2006-12-20 Seiko Epson Corporation Sélection d'image à haute vitesse et appareil photo numérique avec sélection d'image à haute vitesse
US8237840B2 (en) 1997-04-16 2012-08-07 Seiko Epson Corporation High speed image selecting method and digital camera having high speed image selecting function
US8350947B2 (en) 1997-04-16 2013-01-08 Seiko Epson Corporation High speed image selecting method digital camera having high speed image selecting function
US8339496B2 (en) 1997-04-16 2012-12-25 Seiko Epson Corporation Highspeed image selecting method and digital camera having highspeed image selecting function
EP1025547A4 (fr) * 1997-06-10 2006-03-15 Flashpoint Technology Inc Procede et systeme accelerant l'interface utilisateur de l'ecran d'une unite de prise d'images en mode lecture
WO1998057274A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Methode permettant un retour rapide d'images soustraites d'une base de donnees video numeriques
US6356658B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2002-03-12 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Method for fast return of abstracted images from a digital image database
US6925207B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2005-08-02 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Method for fast return of abstracted images from a digital images database
US6285788B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2001-09-04 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Method for fast return of abstracted images from a digital image database
US8970761B2 (en) 1997-07-09 2015-03-03 Flashpoint Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for correcting aspect ratio in a camera graphical user interface
US6981053B2 (en) 1997-12-24 2005-12-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Data transfer utilizing preview data
US7711766B2 (en) 1997-12-24 2010-05-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Data transfer utilizing preview data
US8037131B2 (en) 1997-12-24 2011-10-11 Seiko Epson Corporation Data transfer utilizing preview data
US6505252B1 (en) 1997-12-24 2003-01-07 Seiko Epson Corporation Data transfer utilizing preview data
EP0930757A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-21 Seiko Epson Corporation Transmission de données avec prévisualisation des données
US8127232B2 (en) 1998-12-31 2012-02-28 Flashpoint Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for editing heterogeneous media objects in a digital imaging device
US8972867B1 (en) 1998-12-31 2015-03-03 Flashpoint Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for editing heterogeneous media objects in a digital imaging device
US7069506B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2006-06-27 Xerox Corporation Methods and systems for generating enhanced thumbnails
EP1283482A3 (fr) * 2001-08-08 2006-03-29 Xerox Corporation Procédés et Systèmes pour faire la transition entre des "ongles du pouce" et documents basés sur l'apparition des "ongles du pouce"
US7337396B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2008-02-26 Xerox Corporation Methods and systems for transitioning between thumbnails and documents based upon thumbnail appearance
EP1283482A2 (fr) 2001-08-08 2003-02-12 Xerox Corporation Procédés et Systèmes pour faire la transition entre des "ongles du pouce" et documents basés sur l'apparition des "ongles du pouce"
EP1441533A3 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-10-13 Oplayo Oy Flux pour un niveau de qualité désiré
US9224145B1 (en) 2006-08-30 2015-12-29 Qurio Holdings, Inc. Venue based digital rights using capture device with digital watermarking capability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR920702586A (ko) 1992-09-04
BR9105918A (pt) 1993-01-05
MX9101096A (es) 1992-05-04
JPH05502782A (ja) 1993-05-13
AU8761191A (en) 1992-04-15
CA2068723A1 (fr) 1992-03-15
CN1062253A (zh) 1992-06-24
EP0500924A1 (fr) 1992-09-02

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