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WO1992015592A1 - TETRAHYDROTHIENO(2,3-c)PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION - Google Patents

TETRAHYDROTHIENO(2,3-c)PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992015592A1
WO1992015592A1 PCT/EP1992/000411 EP9200411W WO9215592A1 WO 1992015592 A1 WO1992015592 A1 WO 1992015592A1 EP 9200411 W EP9200411 W EP 9200411W WO 9215592 A1 WO9215592 A1 WO 9215592A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
formula
pharmaceutically acceptable
solvate
tetrahydrothieno
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/000411
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Giuseppe Giardina
Roberto Colle
Vittorio Vecchietti
Original Assignee
Smithkline Beecham Farmaceutici S.P.A.
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Publication date
Application filed by Smithkline Beecham Farmaceutici S.P.A. filed Critical Smithkline Beecham Farmaceutici S.P.A.
Priority to JP4504940A priority Critical patent/JPH06508348A/en
Publication of WO1992015592A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992015592A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/14—Antitussive agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • Tetrahydroth1eno(2,3-c)pyr1d1ne derivatives process for their preparation their pharmaceutical appl ication.
  • This invention is concerned with novel heterocyclic derivatives, processes for their preparation, and their use in medicine.
  • kappa-receptor agonists act as analgesics through interaction with kappa opioid receptors.
  • EP-A-333427 and 370732 disclose groups of heterocyclic derivatives which exhibit kappa-receptor agonism without some of the behavioural effects of morphine and morphine analogues, and which are thus of potential therapeutic utility as analgesics.
  • a small class of heterocyclic derivatives falling within the scope of one or other of the above European Applications, but not specifically disclosed therein, has now been discovered which also exhibit potent kappa receptor agonism without some of the undesirable behavioural effects of morphine and morphine analogues, and are therefore of potential use in the treatment of pain.
  • This novel class of derivatives also possess diuretic activity which indicates that they are of potential use in the treatment of hyponatraemic disease states in mammals.
  • the novel class of derivatives are also of potential use in the treatment of other conditions which respond to administration of kappa agonists, in particular convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation (including inflammation pain), pancreatitis, arrhythmias and cerebral ischaemia.
  • X and Y which may be the same or different, are each hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl or together form a -CO(CH2)3- or -(CH.2 n - .group, in which n is 3 or 4;
  • Rj and R2 are each independently hydrogen, linear or branched C ⁇ _ ⁇ alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl or C4.12 cycloalkyl alkyl or together form a C2-8 polymethylene group; and R3 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • Examples of X and Y are, respectively, chlorine and chlorine, trifluoromethyl and hydrogen, and -CO(CB_2)3-.
  • Rj and R2 are -(CH2)4- and methyl.
  • the compounds of formula (I) or their salts or solvates are preferably in pharmaceutically acceptable or substantially pure form.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable form is meant, inter alia, of a pharmaceutically acceptable level of purity excluding normal pharmaceutical additives such as diluents and carriers, and including no material considered toxic at normal dosage levels.
  • a substantially pure form will generally contain at least 50% (excluding normal pharmaceutical additives), preferably 75%, more preferably 90% and still more preferably 95% of the compound of formula I or its salt or solvate.
  • One preferred pharmaceutically acceptable form is the crystalline form, including such form in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the additional ionic and solvent moieties must also be non-toxic.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) include the acid addition salts with the conventional pharmaceutical acids, for example, maleic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, acetic, fumaric, salicylic, citric, lactic, mandelic, tartaric, succinic, benzoic, ascorbic and methanesulphonic.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of a compound of formula (I) include hydrates.
  • the compounds of formula (I) have an asymmetric centre and therefore exist in more than one stereoisomeric form.
  • the invention extends to all such forms and to mixtures thereof, including racemates.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) which comprises reacting a compound of formula (ID:
  • Suitable active derivatives of the compound of formula (III) are the acid chloride or acid anhydride.
  • Another suitable derivative is a mixed anhydride formed between the acid and an alkyl chloroformate.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be converted into their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by reaction with the appropriate organic or mineral acids.
  • Solvates of the compounds of formula (I) may be formed by crystallization or recrystallization from the appropriate solvent.
  • hydrates may be formed by crystallization or recrystallization from aqueous solutions, or solutions in organic solvents containing water.
  • salts or solvates of the compounds of formula (I) which are not pharmaceutically acceptable may be useful as intermediates in the production of pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates. Accordingly such salts or solvates also form part of this invention.
  • the compounds of formula (I) exist in more than one stereoisomeric form and the processes of the invention produces mixtures thereof.
  • the individual isomers may be separated one from another by resolution using an optically active acid such as tartaric acid.
  • an asymmetric synthesis would offer a route to the individual form.
  • the activity of the compounds of formula (I) in standard tests indicates that they are of potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of pain, cerebral ischaemia, hyponatraemic disease states, convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation (including inflammation pain) pancreatitis and arrythmias (hereinafter referred to as the Conditions).
  • the present invention also provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use as an active therapeutic substance.
  • the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, (hereinafter referred to as the Compounds) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the Conditions.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the Conditions in mammals, particularly humans, which comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective amount of the Compound.
  • Medicaments and compositions containing the Compounds may be prepared by admixture of a Compound with an appropriate carrier, which may contain a diluent, binder, filler, disintegrant, flavouring agent, colouring agent, lubricant or preservative in conventional manner.
  • an appropriate carrier which may contain a diluent, binder, filler, disintegrant, flavouring agent, colouring agent, lubricant or preservative in conventional manner.
  • a medicament or pharmaceutical composition of the invention is in unit dosage form and in a form adapted for use in the medical or veterinarial fields.
  • preparations may be in a pack form accompanied by written or printed instructions for use as an agent for the treatment of each of the Conditions.
  • the suitable dosage range for a Compound depends on the Compound to be employed, the Condition to be treated, and on the condition of the patient. It will also depend, inter alia, upon the relation of potency to absorbability and the frequency and route of administration.
  • the Compound may be formulated for administration by any route, and is preferably in unit dosage form or in a form that a human patient may administer to himself in a single dosage.
  • the composition is suitable for oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, intravenous or intramuscular administration. Preparations may be designed to give slow release of the active ingredient.
  • Compositions may, for example, be in the form of tablets, capsules, sachets, vials, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, or liquid preparations, for example solutions or suspensions, or suppositories.
  • compositions may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate; disintegrants, for example starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium starch glycollate or microcrystalline cellulose; or pharmaceutically acceptable setting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • binding agents for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • fillers for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine
  • tabletting lubricants for example magnesium stearate
  • disintegrants for example starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium
  • Solid compositions may be obtained by conventional methods of blending, filling, tabletting or the like. Repeated blending operations may be used to distribute the active agent throughout those compositions employing large quantities of fillers.
  • any carrier suitable for formulating solid pharmaceutical compositions may be used, examples being magnesium stearate, starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, rice flour and chalk. Tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice, in particular with an enteric coating.
  • the composition may also be in the form of an ingestible capsule, for example of gelatin containing the compound, if desired with a carrier or other excipients.
  • compositions for oral administration as liquids may be in the form of, for example, emulsions, syrups, or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, syrup, methyl cellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminium stearate gel, hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, which include edible oils, for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, for example esters of glycerine, or propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol, glycerine, water or normal saline; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid; and if desired conventional flavouring or colour
  • compositions may be formulated, for example, for rectal administration as a suppository or for topical administration as a cream or lotion. They may also be formulated for presentation in an injectable form in an aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water or a parenterally acceptable oil or a mixture of liquids.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water or a parenterally acceptable oil or a mixture of liquids.
  • the liquid may contain bacteriostatic agents, anti-oxidants or other preservatives, buffers or solutes to render the solution isotonic with the blood, thickening agents, suspending agents or other pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
  • Such forms will be presented in unit dose form such as ampoules or disposable injection devices or in multi- dose forms such as a bottle from which the appropriate dose may be withdrawn or a solid form or concentrate which can be used to prepare an inject
  • the Compounds may also be administered by inhalation, via the nasal or oral routes.
  • administration can be carried out with a spray formulation comprising a Compound and a suitable carrier, optionally suspended in, for example, a hydrocarbon propellant.
  • Preferred spray formulations comprise micronised Compound particles in combination with a surfactant, solvent or a dispersing agent to prevent the sedimentation of suspended particles.
  • the Compound particle size is from about 2 to 10 microns.
  • a further mode of administration of the Compounds comprises transdermal delivery utilising a skin-patch formulation.
  • a preferred formulation comprises a Compound dispersed in a pressure sensitive adhesive which adheres to the skin, thereby permitting the Compound to diffuse from the adhesive through the skin for delivery to the patient.
  • pressure sensitive adhesives known in the art such as natural rubber or silicone can be used.
  • the effective dose of Compound depends on the particular Compound employed, the Condition to be treated, the condition of the patient and on the frequency and route of administration.
  • a unit dose will generally contain from 20 to 1000 mg and preferably will contain from 30 to 500 mg, in particular 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 mg.
  • the composition may be administered once or more times a day for example 2, 3 or 4 times daily, and the total daily dose for a 70 kg adult will normally be in the range 100 to 3000 mg.
  • the unit dose will contain from 2 to 20mg of active ingredient and be administered in multiples, if desired, to give the preceding daily dose.
  • Example No. 1 Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.7 g (7.65 mmoles) of 7-(p ⁇ rrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno [2,3-c] yridine, 2.12 g (15.36 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.88 g (8.40 mmoles) of distilled 4-trifluoro- methylphenylacetyl chloride in 50 ml of dry chloroform- The crude product was dissolved in 30 ml of ethyl acetate and the solution brought to acidic pH with HCl/Et2 ⁇ .
  • Example No. 1 Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.1 g (5.60 mmoles) of 7-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c] pyridine, 1.8 g (13.04 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.6 g (7.19 mmoles) of distilled 3,4-dichlorophenylacetyl chloride in 30 ml of dry chloroform.
  • the crude product was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography, eluting with a mixture of CH2CI2 , MeOH, 28% NH4OH , 95:5:0.5 respectively, to afford the pure free base which was dissolved in 40 ml of ethyl acetate and the .solution was brought to acidic pH with HCl/Et2 ⁇ .
  • Example No. 1 Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.1 g (5.60 mmoles) of 7-diraethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2, 3-c] pyridine, 1.0 g (7.24 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.48 g (6.61 mmoles) of crude l-oxo.-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-napht-
  • the crude product was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate containing 1.5% of methanol and 0.5% of 28% NH4OH.
  • mice Male Charles River mice (Swiss Strain), 25-36g body weight, were used. Animals were allowed food and water ad libitum and were randomized into groups of 10 prior to experimentation. Test compounds were dissolved in either distilled water or distilled water plus 0.1 M AMS, and administered by the subcutaneous route in a final volume of 10 ml/Kg. Control animals received 10 ml/Kg of the appropriate vehicle alone. Following a pretreatment period of 20 min., mice were injected intraperitoneally with p-phenylquinone, 2 mg/Kg at 37°C in a final volume of 10 mg/Kg.
  • mice were placed, in groups of 3, in a compartmented perspex box maintained at room temperature and were observed for a period of 8 min. During this period the number of abdominal writhing responses per animal were recorded where writhing consists of an intermittent contraction of the abdomen associated with hind leg extension.
  • the degree of antinociceptive protection afforded by the test compound was determined as the mean number of writhing responses observed in the treated group (T) expressed as a percentage of the mean number of writhing responses in the control group (C) according to the following formula:
  • mice Male Charles River mice (Swiss Strain) , 22-34g body weight were used. Animals were allowed food and water ad libitum and were randomized into groups of 10 prior to experimentation. Before administration of the test compound, the reaction time of each animal was determined by focusing a beam of light onto the tail, eliciting a reflex withdrawal after a certain latency; only mice exhibiting a latency between 3-8 sec. were used subsequently in the evaluation of drug effects.
  • Test compounds were dissolved in either distilled water or distilled water plus 0.1 M AMS and administered by the subcutaneous route in a final volume of 10 ml/Kg. Control animals received 10 ml/kg of the appropriate vehicle alone. Following a pretreatment period of 30 min., the mice were again placed under the heat source and the reaction tine re-determined.
  • Percentage quantal protection was determined as the number of mice in which the reaction time was doubled compared to pretreatment values, expressed as a percentage of the total number of mice in the group.
  • Radio receptor binding to kappa site is performed on fresh guinea pig brain homogenates prepared according to Kosterlitz (1981).
  • the pellet is then resuspended in the same buffer, incubated at 37°C for 45 min and centrifuged again.
  • the binding to the kappa sites is performed using a tritiated kappa selective compound.
  • Final homogenate with solutions of the cold ligand and of the labelled ligand is incubated for 40 min at 25°C, filtered through Whatman GF/C glass filter discs and washed.
  • the radioactivity bound to the filters is counted by liquid scintillation spectrophotometry.
  • the non-specific binding is determined in the presence of 500 nM of the benzomorphan non-selective compound Mr 2266.
  • Enkephalin 3H[D-Ala2, MePhe ⁇ , Gly-ol 5 ]
  • Enkephalin 3H-DAGO
  • an enkephalin analogue that binds selectively to mu receptor is added to the biological substrate and incubated at 25°C for 40 min, filtered through Whatman GF-C and washed with ice-cold Tris-buffer.
  • H-DADLE which binds to mu and delta sites, is used in the presence of 30 nM of unlabelled DAGO to prevent mu binding.
  • a concentration of radioligand near KD is used in the binding assays evaluating compounds of the invention.
  • Non-specific binding is determined by addition of Mr 2266 2.5 u .
  • the tubes are incubated for 40 min at 25°C and bound ligand is separated from free by filtration through Whatman GF/C filters.
  • the level of bound radioactivity of the filters is measured by liquid scintillation after solubilization in Filtercount.

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Abstract

Tetrahydrothionopyridine derivatives of formula (I) with kappa-receptor agonist activity are potentially useful in the treatment of inter alia pain and cerebral ischaemia. X and Y, which may be the same or different, are each hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl or together form a -CO(CH2)3- or -(CH2)n- group, in which n is 3 or 4; R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, linear or branched C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or C4-12 cycloalkyl alkyl or together form a C2-8 polymethylene group; and R3 is hydrogen or methyl.

Description

Tetrahydroth1eno(2,3-c)pyr1d1ne derivatives, process for their preparation their pharmaceutical appl ication.
This invention is concerned with novel heterocyclic derivatives, processes for their preparation, and their use in medicine.
Compounds which are kappa-receptor agonists act as analgesics through interaction with kappa opioid receptors. The advantage of kappa-receptor agonists over the classical μ-receptor agonists, such as morphine, lies in their ability to cause analgesia while being devoid of morphine-like behavioural effects and addiction liability.
EP-A-333427 and 370732 disclose groups of heterocyclic derivatives which exhibit kappa-receptor agonism without some of the behavioural effects of morphine and morphine analogues, and which are thus of potential therapeutic utility as analgesics.
A small class of heterocyclic derivatives falling within the scope of one or other of the above European Applications, but not specifically disclosed therein, has now been discovered which also exhibit potent kappa receptor agonism without some of the undesirable behavioural effects of morphine and morphine analogues, and are therefore of potential use in the treatment of pain. This novel class of derivatives also possess diuretic activity which indicates that they are of potential use in the treatment of hyponatraemic disease states in mammals. The novel class of derivatives are also of potential use in the treatment of other conditions which respond to administration of kappa agonists, in particular convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation (including inflammation pain), pancreatitis, arrhythmias and cerebral ischaemia.
According to the present invention there is provided a compound, or a solvate or salt thereof, of formula (I):
Figure imgf000003_0001
in which: in which:
X and Y, which may be the same or different, are each hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl or together form a -CO(CH2)3- or -(CH.2 n- .group, in which n is 3 or 4;
Rj and R2 are each independently hydrogen, linear or branched Cι_β alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl or C4.12 cycloalkyl alkyl or together form a C2-8 polymethylene group; and R3 is hydrogen or methyl.
Examples of X and Y are, respectively, chlorine and chlorine, trifluoromethyl and hydrogen, and -CO(CB_2)3-.
Examples of Rj and R2 are -(CH2)4- and methyl.
The compounds of formula (I) or their salts or solvates are preferably in pharmaceutically acceptable or substantially pure form. By pharmaceutically acceptable form is meant, inter alia, of a pharmaceutically acceptable level of purity excluding normal pharmaceutical additives such as diluents and carriers, and including no material considered toxic at normal dosage levels.
A substantially pure form will generally contain at least 50% (excluding normal pharmaceutical additives), preferably 75%, more preferably 90% and still more preferably 95% of the compound of formula I or its salt or solvate.
One preferred pharmaceutically acceptable form is the crystalline form, including such form in a pharmaceutical composition. In the case of salts and solvates the additional ionic and solvent moieties must also be non-toxic.
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) include the acid addition salts with the conventional pharmaceutical acids, for example, maleic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, acetic, fumaric, salicylic, citric, lactic, mandelic, tartaric, succinic, benzoic, ascorbic and methanesulphonic. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of a compound of formula (I) include hydrates.
The compounds of formula (I) have an asymmetric centre and therefore exist in more than one stereoisomeric form. The invention extends to all such forms and to mixtures thereof, including racemates.
The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) which comprises reacting a compound of formula (ID:
Figure imgf000005_0001
(ID
in which R]_, R2 and R3 are as defined for formula (I), with a compound of formula (III):
Figure imgf000005_0002
(III)
or an active derivative thereof, in which X and Y are as defined for formula (I), and then optionally forming a salt and/or solvate of the obtained compound of formula (I).
Suitable active derivatives of the compound of formula (III) are the acid chloride or acid anhydride. Another suitable derivative is a mixed anhydride formed between the acid and an alkyl chloroformate.
For example, in standard methods well known to those skilled in the art, the compound of formula (II) may be coupled:
a) with an acid chloride in the presence of an inorganic or organic base, b) with the acid in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, N-dimethylaminopropyl-N'-ethyl carbodiimide or carbonyl diimidazole,
c) with a mixed anhydride generated in situ from the acid and an alkyl (for example ethyDchloroformate.
The compounds of formula (I) may be converted into their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by reaction with the appropriate organic or mineral acids.
Solvates of the compounds of formula (I) may be formed by crystallization or recrystallization from the appropriate solvent. For example hydrates may be formed by crystallization or recrystallization from aqueous solutions, or solutions in organic solvents containing water.
Also salts or solvates of the compounds of formula (I) which are not pharmaceutically acceptable may be useful as intermediates in the production of pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates. Accordingly such salts or solvates also form part of this invention.
As mentioned before, the compounds of formula (I) exist in more than one stereoisomeric form and the processes of the invention produces mixtures thereof. The individual isomers may be separated one from another by resolution using an optically active acid such as tartaric acid. Alternatively, an asymmetric synthesis would offer a route to the individual form.
Compounds of formula (II) may themselves be prepared according to methods disclosed in the aforementioned EP-A-333427.
Compounds of formula (III) are known compounds, or can be prepared from known compounds by known methods (see for example, J.O.C. 22 (1960), 70-76; Chem. ett.(1981), 367-370).
The activity of the compounds of formula (I) in standard tests indicates that they are of potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of pain, cerebral ischaemia, hyponatraemic disease states, convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation (including inflammation pain) pancreatitis and arrythmias (hereinafter referred to as the Conditions).
Accordingly the present invention also provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use as an active therapeutic substance.
The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, (hereinafter referred to as the Compounds) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the Conditions.
The present invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the Conditions in mammals, particularly humans, which comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective amount of the Compound.
Medicaments and compositions containing the Compounds may be prepared by admixture of a Compound with an appropriate carrier, which may contain a diluent, binder, filler, disintegrant, flavouring agent, colouring agent, lubricant or preservative in conventional manner.
These conventional excipients may be employed for example as in the preparation of compositions of known agents for the treatment of the Conditions.
Preferably, a medicament or pharmaceutical composition of the invention is in unit dosage form and in a form adapted for use in the medical or veterinarial fields. For example, such preparations may be in a pack form accompanied by written or printed instructions for use as an agent for the treatment of each of the Conditions. The suitable dosage range for a Compound depends on the Compound to be employed, the Condition to be treated, and on the condition of the patient. It will also depend, inter alia, upon the relation of potency to absorbability and the frequency and route of administration.
The Compound may be formulated for administration by any route, and is preferably in unit dosage form or in a form that a human patient may administer to himself in a single dosage. Advantageously, the composition is suitable for oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, intravenous or intramuscular administration. Preparations may be designed to give slow release of the active ingredient.
Compositions may, for example, be in the form of tablets, capsules, sachets, vials, powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, or liquid preparations, for example solutions or suspensions, or suppositories.
The compositions, for example those suitable for oral administration, may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate; disintegrants, for example starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium starch glycollate or microcrystalline cellulose; or pharmaceutically acceptable setting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
Solid compositions may be obtained by conventional methods of blending, filling, tabletting or the like. Repeated blending operations may be used to distribute the active agent throughout those compositions employing large quantities of fillers. When the composition is in the form of a tablet, powder, or lozenge, any carrier suitable for formulating solid pharmaceutical compositions may be used, examples being magnesium stearate, starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, rice flour and chalk. Tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice, in particular with an enteric coating. The composition may also be in the form of an ingestible capsule, for example of gelatin containing the compound, if desired with a carrier or other excipients. Compositions for oral administration as liquids may be in the form of, for example, emulsions, syrups, or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, syrup, methyl cellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminium stearate gel, hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, which include edible oils, for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, for example esters of glycerine, or propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol, glycerine, water or normal saline; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid; and if desired conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
The Compounds may also be administered by a non-oral route. In accordance with routine pharmaceutical procedure, the compositions may be formulated, for example, for rectal administration as a suppository or for topical administration as a cream or lotion. They may also be formulated for presentation in an injectable form in an aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water or a parenterally acceptable oil or a mixture of liquids. The liquid may contain bacteriostatic agents, anti-oxidants or other preservatives, buffers or solutes to render the solution isotonic with the blood, thickening agents, suspending agents or other pharmaceutically acceptable additives. Such forms will be presented in unit dose form such as ampoules or disposable injection devices or in multi- dose forms such as a bottle from which the appropriate dose may be withdrawn or a solid form or concentrate which can be used to prepare an injectable formulation.
The Compounds may also be administered by inhalation, via the nasal or oral routes. Such administration can be carried out with a spray formulation comprising a Compound and a suitable carrier, optionally suspended in, for example, a hydrocarbon propellant.
Preferred spray formulations comprise micronised Compound particles in combination with a surfactant, solvent or a dispersing agent to prevent the sedimentation of suspended particles. Preferably, the Compound particle size is from about 2 to 10 microns.
A further mode of administration of the Compounds comprises transdermal delivery utilising a skin-patch formulation. A preferred formulation comprises a Compound dispersed in a pressure sensitive adhesive which adheres to the skin, thereby permitting the Compound to diffuse from the adhesive through the skin for delivery to the patient. For a constant rate of percutaneous absorption, pressure sensitive adhesives known in the art such as natural rubber or silicone can be used.
The effective dose of Compound depends on the particular Compound employed, the Condition to be treated, the condition of the patient and on the frequency and route of administration. A unit dose will generally contain from 20 to 1000 mg and preferably will contain from 30 to 500 mg, in particular 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 mg. The composition may be administered once or more times a day for example 2, 3 or 4 times daily, and the total daily dose for a 70 kg adult will normally be in the range 100 to 3000 mg. Alternatively the unit dose will contain from 2 to 20mg of active ingredient and be administered in multiples, if desired, to give the preceding daily dose.
No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when the Compounds are administered in accordance with the invention.
Compounds of this invention and their preparation are illustrated in the following Examples and compounds of the Examples are summarised in Table I. The pharmacological data are summarised in Table II.
Example _1
6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-7-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride
1-5 g (6.76 mmoles) of 7-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine were dissolved in 40 ml of dry chloroform.
1-9 g (13.76 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate were added and the slurry cooled at -5°C.
1.7 g (7.60 mmoles) of distilled 3,4-dichlorophenylacetyl chloride, dissolved in 10 ml of dry chloroform, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was kept at +5°C 1 hour and then allowed to reach room temperature.
20 ml of water were added, the organic layer was separated, washed twice with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated in vacuo to dryness.
The residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with a mixture of n-hexane/AcOEt, 35:15 respectively, containing 0.3% of 28% NH40H, to afford 2.0 g of the free base, which was dissolved in 40 ml of ethyl acetate containing 10% of acetone and the solution brought to acidic pH with HCl Et2θ.
The precipitate was filtered, washed and dried, to yield 1.7 g of the title compound.
C20H22C12N2OS .HC1
M.P. = 206-208°C M.W. = 445.837
Elemental analysis: Calcd. : C, 53.87; H, 5.20; N, 6.28;
Cl, 23.86; S, 7.19;
Found : C, 53.74; H, 5.21; N, 6.25;
Cl, 23.74; S, 7.16.
I.R. (KBr) : 3450, 2980, 1630, 1420 cm"1
N.M.R. (CDC13): δ 11.80 (s broad, 1H) ; 7.15-7.45 (m, 4H) ; 6.79 80 MHz (d, J=5 Hz, 1H); 6.20 (dd, 1H) ; 3.40-4.45
(m, 7H); 2.40-3.15 (m, 5H) ; 1.90-2.30 (m, 4H Example 2_
6-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahγdrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride monohydrate
Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.7 g (7.65 mmoles) of 7-(pγrrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno [2,3-c] yridine, 2.12 g (15.36 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.88 g (8.40 mmoles) of distilled 4-trifluoro- methylphenylacetyl chloride in 50 ml of dry chloroform- The crude product was dissolved in 30 ml of ethyl acetate and the solution brought to acidic pH with HCl/Et2θ.
The precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from 70 ml of ethyl acetate to yield 1.81 g of the title compound.
C21H23F3N2OS .HCl .H20
M.P. = 140-145°C M. . = 462.953
Elemental analysis: Calcd. : C, 54.48; H, 5.66; N, 6.05; Cl, 7.66;
F, 12.31; S, 6.93;
Found : C, 54.07; H, 5.60; N, 5.97; Cl, 7.58;
F, 12.18; S, 6.93.
I.R. (KBr) : 3480, 3350, 1645, 1632, 1322 cm"1
N.M.R. (CDCI3): δ 11.85 (s broad, 1H) ; 7.40-7.70 (m, 4H) ; 7.21 80 MHz (d, 1H); 6.78 (d, 1H) ; 6.20* (dd, 1H) ; 3.30-4.45
(m, 7H) ; 1.85-3.20 (m, 9H) ; 1.80 (s, H20) .
Example _3_
6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-7-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride
Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.1 g (5.60 mmoles) of 7-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c] pyridine, 1.8 g (13.04 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.6 g (7.19 mmoles) of distilled 3,4-dichlorophenylacetyl chloride in 30 ml of dry chloroform. The crude product was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography, eluting with a mixture of CH2CI2 , MeOH, 28% NH4OH , 95:5:0.5 respectively, to afford the pure free base which was dissolved in 40 ml of ethyl acetate and the .solution was brought to acidic pH with HCl/Et2θ.
The precipitate was filtered, washed and dried, to yield 1.60 g of the title compound.
C18H20C12N2OS -HC1
M.P. = 249-251°C M.W. = 419.801
Elemental analysis: Calcd. : C, 51.50; H, 5.04; N, 6.67;
Cl,25.34; S, 7.64;
Found : C, 51.48; H, 5.03; N, 6.64;
Cl,25.28; S, 7.68.
I.R. (KBr) : 3430, 2960, 1625, 1420 cm-1
Example
6-[l-oxo-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-napht-6-yl]acetyl-7-dimethylaminomethy -4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine
Prepared as described in Example No. 1, from 1.1 g (5.60 mmoles) of 7-diraethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2, 3-c] pyridine, 1.0 g (7.24 mmoles) of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 1.48 g (6.61 mmoles) of crude l-oxo.-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-napht-
6-yl acetyl chloride in 35 ml of dry chloroform.
The crude product was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate containing 1.5% of methanol and 0.5% of 28% NH4OH.
The pure free base was recrystallized from 50 ml of ethyl acetate to yield 1.52 g of the title compound.
C22H26N2°2S
M.P. = 129-130°C M.W. = 382.510
Elemental analysis: Calcd.: C,69.08; H,6.85; N,7.32; S,8.38;
Found : C,68.88; H,6.87; N,7.19; S,8.22.
I.R. (KBr) : 3540, 2940, 1685, 1675, 1645, 1605, 1430 cm"1 TABLE I
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0002
The pharmacological activity of the compounds of this invention is illustrated by various in vitro and iri vivo models, using the following test procedures.
PHARMACOLOGICAL TESTS
A) P-phenylcruinone-induced abdominal writhing test in mice
The methodology employed is based on that described by Sigmund et al, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 95, 729/1957, modified by Milne and Twomey, Agents and Actions, 10, 31/1980.
Male Charles River mice (Swiss Strain), 25-36g body weight, were used. Animals were allowed food and water ad libitum and were randomized into groups of 10 prior to experimentation. Test compounds were dissolved in either distilled water or distilled water plus 0.1 M AMS, and administered by the subcutaneous route in a final volume of 10 ml/Kg. Control animals received 10 ml/Kg of the appropriate vehicle alone. Following a pretreatment period of 20 min., mice were injected intraperitoneally with p-phenylquinone, 2 mg/Kg at 37°C in a final volume of 10 mg/Kg. Next, the mice were placed, in groups of 3, in a compartmented perspex box maintained at room temperature and were observed for a period of 8 min. During this period the number of abdominal writhing responses per animal were recorded where writhing consists of an intermittent contraction of the abdomen associated with hind leg extension.
The degree of antinociceptive protection afforded by the test compound was determined as the mean number of writhing responses observed in the treated group (T) expressed as a percentage of the mean number of writhing responses in the control group (C) according to the following formula:
[1-(T/C]xl00% = % graded protection
B) Tail-flick test in mice
The methodology employed is based on that described by D'Amour and Smith, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 72, 74/1941.
Male Charles River mice (Swiss Strain) , 22-34g body weight were used. Animals were allowed food and water ad libitum and were randomized into groups of 10 prior to experimentation. Before administration of the test compound, the reaction time of each animal was determined by focusing a beam of light onto the tail, eliciting a reflex withdrawal after a certain latency; only mice exhibiting a latency between 3-8 sec. were used subsequently in the evaluation of drug effects.
Test compounds were dissolved in either distilled water or distilled water plus 0.1 M AMS and administered by the subcutaneous route in a final volume of 10 ml/Kg. Control animals received 10 ml/kg of the appropriate vehicle alone. Following a pretreatment period of 30 min., the mice were again placed under the heat source and the reaction tine re-determined.
Percentage quantal protection was determined as the number of mice in which the reaction time was doubled compared to pretreatment values, expressed as a percentage of the total number of mice in the group. RECEPTOR AFFINITY STUDY
Tissue Preparation
Radio receptor binding to kappa site is performed on fresh guinea pig brain homogenates prepared according to Kosterlitz (1981).
Whole brain without cerebellum is homogenized in 50 mM Tris- buffer (pH 7.4 at 0°C) and centrifuged at 49,000 xg for 10 min.
The pellet is then resuspended in the same buffer, incubated at 37°C for 45 min and centrifuged again.
1.9 ml of the final homogenate (1:100 in Tris pH 7.4, 0°C) is used for the binding assay.
Binding to kappa sites
The binding to the kappa sites is performed using a tritiated kappa selective compound. Final homogenate with solutions of the cold ligand and of the labelled ligand is incubated for 40 min at 25°C, filtered through Whatman GF/C glass filter discs and washed.
The radioactivity bound to the filters is counted by liquid scintillation spectrophotometry.
The non-specific binding is determined in the presence of 500 nM of the benzomorphan non-selective compound Mr 2266.
Binding to mu sites (Magnan J. , 1982)
3H[D-Ala2, MePhe^, Gly-ol5] Enkephalin (3H-DAGO), an enkephalin analogue that binds selectively to mu receptor, is added to the biological substrate and incubated at 25°C for 40 min, filtered through Whatman GF-C and washed with ice-cold Tris-buffer.
The filters are then dried, solubilized in Filtercount and the radioactivity monitored. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of 10~6 M naloxone. Binding to delta sites (Magnan J. , 1982)
For binding experiments, H-DADLE, which binds to mu and delta sites, is used in the presence of 30 nM of unlabelled DAGO to prevent mu binding. A concentration of radioligand near KD is used in the binding assays evaluating compounds of the invention. Non-specific binding is determined by addition of Mr 2266 2.5 u .
The tubes are incubated for 40 min at 25°C and bound ligand is separated from free by filtration through Whatman GF/C filters. The level of bound radioactivity of the filters is measured by liquid scintillation after solubilization in Filtercount.
The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) and the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) are determined from the analysis of saturation curves, while the inhibition constant (Ki) is determined from the analysis of competition experiments (Hill 1910; Scatchard 1949; Cheng and Prusoff 1973; Gillan et al 1980).
Published references are summarized as follows:
Hill, A.V. (1910): J. Physiol. 40, IV-VIII Scatchard G. (1949): Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 660-674 Cheng and Prusoff W.H. (1973): Biochem. Pharmac. 22, 3099-3102 Gillan M.C.G., Kosterlitz H.W. and Paterson S.Y. (1980): Br. J. Pharmac. 70, 481-490 Kosterlitz H.W. , Paterson S.Y. and Robson L.E. (1981): Br. J. Pharmac. 73, 939-949 Magnan J., Paterson S.Y., Tavani A. and Kosterlitz H.W.
(1982): Arch- Pharmacol. 319, 197-205.
TABLE II
Pharmacological data
Example ANALGESIA No.
MW ED50 MTF ED 50 mg/kg s.c.
0.002 0.030
0.004 0.039
0.020 0.386
0.007 0.091
Figure imgf000019_0001

Claims

Claims
1. A compound, or salt or solvate thereof, of formula (I):
Figure imgf000020_0001
in which:
X and Y, which may be the same or different, are each hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl or together form a -CO(CH_2)3- or -(CH2)n- group, in which n is 3 or 4;
ΕL"L and R2 are each independently hydrogen, linear or branched C .Q alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl or C4.12 cycloalkyl alkyl or together form a C2-8 polymethylene group; and R3 is hydrogen or methyl.
2. A compound according to claim 1 in which X and Y are, respectively, chlorine and chlorine; trifluoromethyl and hydrogen; or together form a -CO(CH.2)3- group.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2, in which j and R2 are each methyl, or together form a -(CrΪ2)4- group.
4. A compound according to claim 1, selected from:
6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-7-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride;
6-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)acetyl-7-(pyrrolidin-l-yl)methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride;
6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-7-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine;
6-[l-oxo-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-naphth-6-yl]acetyl-7-dimethylaminomethyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine.
5. A process for the preparation of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000021_0001
(ID
in which Rj, R2 and R3 are as defined for formula (I), with a compound of formula (III):
Figure imgf000021_0002
(III)
or an active derivative thereof, in which X and Y are as defined for formula (I), and then optionally forming a salt and/or solvate of the obtained compound of formula (I).
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
7. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use as an active therapeutic substance.
8. The use of a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pain, cerebral ischaemia, hyponatraemic disease states, convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation, pancreatitis or arrythmias.
9. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of pain, cerebral ischaemia, hyponatraemic disease states, convulsions, cough, asthma, inflammation, pancreatis or arrythmias in mammals, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment and/or prophylaxis an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
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US5366981A (en) * 1989-11-24 1994-11-22 Dr Lo Zambeletti S.P.A. N-acyl-substituted azacyclic compounds, processes for their preparaion, and their use as pharmaceuticals
US5428042A (en) * 1990-04-28 1995-06-27 Dr Lo Zambeletti S.P.A. 1-(2H-1-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphtyl-6-yl)-acetyl-piperidines as kappa agonists
WO2000014090A1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2000-03-16 Novo Nordisk A/S 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives
US6090797A (en) * 1998-09-02 2000-07-18 Novo Nordisk A/S 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno(2,3-C)pyridine derivatives
US9351954B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2016-05-31 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Multicyclic compounds and methods of use thereof
US10085968B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2018-10-02 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Multicyclic compounds and methods of use thereof
US10894033B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2021-01-19 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Multicyclic compounds and methods of use thereof
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US10196403B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2019-02-05 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Compounds and compositions and uses thereof
US11958862B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2024-04-16 Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. Compounds and compositions and uses thereof
US10927124B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2021-02-23 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Compounds and compositions and uses thereof
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US11491133B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2022-11-08 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Heteroaryl-isochroman compounds and uses thereof
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US11440921B2 (en) 2018-02-16 2022-09-13 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Salts, crystal forms, and production methods thereof
US11987591B2 (en) 2018-02-16 2024-05-21 Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. Salts, crystal forms, and production methods thereof
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US11738002B2 (en) 2020-04-14 2023-08-29 Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Methods of treating neurological and psychiatric disorders

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