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WO1992019983A1 - Appareil de mesure ultrasonique - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure ultrasonique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992019983A1
WO1992019983A1 PCT/GB1992/000807 GB9200807W WO9219983A1 WO 1992019983 A1 WO1992019983 A1 WO 1992019983A1 GB 9200807 W GB9200807 W GB 9200807W WO 9219983 A1 WO9219983 A1 WO 9219983A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission
signal
time
reflection
bolt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000807
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ahmet Giral GURTUNA
Original Assignee
University Of Manchester Institute Of Science And Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Manchester Institute Of Science And Technology filed Critical University Of Manchester Institute Of Science And Technology
Priority to GB9322859A priority Critical patent/GB2273983B/en
Publication of WO1992019983A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992019983A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S15/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S15/12—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein the pulse-recurrence frequency is varied to provide a desired time relationship between the transmission of a pulse and the receipt of the echo of a preceding pulse
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the time taken for a signal to be transmitted through a medium to determine for example, the length of a structural member such as a bolt joining pieces of metal or other material. Such apparatus may be used to measure stress.
  • the bolt length can be determined by transmitting a pulse of ultrasound radiation along the bolt and measuring the time taken for the pulse to be reflected back down the bolt.
  • an apparatus for measuring the time taken for a signal to be transmitted through a medium comprising means for transmitting a signal into the medium and detecting a reflection of the transmitted signal after transmission through the medium, means for initiating a first transmission, means for initiating a series of further transmissions each in response to detection of a second or subsequent reflection of the transmitted signal resulting from the preceding transmission, means for determining the total elapsed time between initiation of the first transmission and detection of the said second or subsequent reflection of the transmitted signal resulting from the last transmission, means for determining the sum of time delays elapsing between initiation of each signal and detection of a reflection of the transmitted signal resulting therefrom, and means for calculating the time taken for transmission of the signal through the medium from the total elapsed time and said sum.
  • the time delays between each signal initiation and the first reflection may be summed and subtracted from the total elapsed time, each further transmission being initiated in response to the second reflection of the preceding signal.
  • the result of this subtraction is the time taken for one reflection multiplied by the number of transmission initiations. Hundreds or thousands of initiations may be performed, enabling very accurate measurements to be made.
  • a large number of pulses can be used, and the time elapsed can be measured very accurately.
  • the problem of trying to detect reflections of small amplitude is also avoided.
  • the delays inherent In the circuitry, the probe and the coupling effect, which are difficult to measure are simply subtracted out.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the circuitry of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment of Fig. I
  • Figure i is a timing diagram illustrating the calculation oi the delav inherent in the time interval counter.
  • the illustrated ultrasonic measurement apparatus comprises a central processor 1, a probe 2, a transmitter or pulser 3, a receiver 4 and associated devices.
  • the probe 2 is attached in a convenient manner to the end of a bolt indicated schematically by a broken line 5.
  • the probe is also connected to a temperature sensor 6.
  • the temperature sensor 6 is necessary because the length of the bolt and the acoustic velocity of the material alter with changes in temperature, and this needs to be taken into account in the final calculation.
  • the pulser 3 is responsive to a pulse controller 7 to apply a signal to the probe to cause a pulse of ultrasonic energy to be launched into the bolt 5.
  • the pulse controller 7 is in turn responsive to a pulse initiation signal from the central processor 1 to initiate the transmission of ultrasound pulses.
  • the receiver 4 detects the output of the probe 2 indicating the arrival of reflections of transmitted ultrasonic pulses at the probe.
  • An amplitude controller 8 controls the amplitude of the output of the receiver 4.
  • a multi-target resolver 9 selects which reflected signal is to initiate pulses from the pulser 3 by setting a time window within which a reflected signal is to be detected.
  • the multi-target resolver 9 is connected to the central processor via a target controller 10.
  • the multi-target resolver is also connected to positive and negative peak detectors 11. These ensure that the apparatus is not sensitive to the phase of the reflected pulse. It will be appreciated that a 180 degree phase change is caused on reflection.
  • the peak detectors are connected to the central processor via a trigger level controller 12.
  • the trigger level controller 12 sets the trigger level for a time interval counter 13 and the pulse controller 7.
  • the peak detectors are also connected to the time interval counter 13, which is also connected to the central processor.
  • a measurement starting pulse is generated from the central processor. This is indicated by the leading edge of waveform M. This starts the time interval counter 13 to time the overall time of the measurement.
  • the measurement starting pulse M also triggers a first pulse transmission initiation waveform S at time t 0 .
  • the waveform SI causes the pulser 3 to emit a pulse transmission control signal PI at time t. which causes the probe 2 to generate an ultrasonic pulse.
  • the ultrasonic pulse travels back and forth along the bolt, each reflection being detected and represented by waveform Rl in Figure 2.
  • the first reflection is received at time t 2 , the second at time t 3 . It will be noted that the amplitude of the reflected signal falls rapidly.
  • a fresh pulse transmission sequence is initiated. This is represented by waveforms S2, P2 and R2.
  • the first reflection of the second transmission is received at time t 4 .
  • a third transmission is then initiated at time t 5 .
  • the system discriminates between reflections from the first transmission and reflections from the second transmission by reference to the reflected signal amplitude, and the positions of the reflections relative to the positive edge of the waveform S2.
  • the retransmission process is repeated for a total of N times until the second reflection of the Nth transmission is received.
  • the Nth transmission is initiated at time t, ⁇ . N _ l ) , and the first and second reflections are detected at times t ( 2N ) and t ( 2N+1 ) .
  • the measurement sequence is terminated.
  • Tl, T2 .... TN The central processor sums the delays Tl, T2 .... TN, and this sum is subtracted from the total duration of the measurement sequence.
  • the result of this subtraction is NT e , where T e is the time taken for an ultrasonic pulse to travel the length of the bolt twice. In other words T e is the measured elapsed time.
  • T - [ (t ( 2N+i ) -t 0 ) - ⁇ T n ]
  • the change in the measured elapsed time T e can be used to calculate the stress in the bolt in a conventional manner. During the calculation, the effect of the temperature on the acoustic wave velocity and the bolt length, and the effect of the applied stress on the acoustic wave velocity must be taken into account.
  • the second reflection of each transmitted pulse is used to trigger the next transmission. It will be appreciated that the third or subsequent reflections could be used if the reflected signal strength is adequate.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de mesure du temps de transmission d'un signal à travers un milieu tel qu'un boulon. Un signal ultrasonique est transmis à l'intérieur du boulon et les réflexions du signal transmis sont détectées aprés transmission à travers le boulon. Aprés initiation d'une première transmission, chacune d'une série de transmissions supplémentaires est initiée lors de la détection d'une deuxième réflexion du signal transmis résultant de la transmission précédente. Le temps total écoulé entre l'initiation de la première transmission et la détection de la deuxième réflexion du signal transmis résultant de la dernière transmission mesurée, la somme des retards de temps s'écoulant entre l'initiation de chaque signal et la détection d'une première réflexion du signal transmis résultant est mesurée. Le temps de transmission du signal à travers le boulon est calculé à partir de la différence entre le temps total écoulé et ladite somme.
PCT/GB1992/000807 1991-05-02 1992-05-01 Appareil de mesure ultrasonique WO1992019983A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9322859A GB2273983B (en) 1991-05-02 1992-05-01 Ultrasonic measurement apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9109552.1 1991-05-02
GB919109552A GB9109552D0 (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 Ultrasonic measurement apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992019983A1 true WO1992019983A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

Family

ID=10694368

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/000807 WO1992019983A1 (fr) 1991-05-02 1992-05-01 Appareil de mesure ultrasonique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1667392A (fr)
GB (2) GB9109552D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992019983A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2283096A (en) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for ultrasonic distance measurement
WO1997011343A1 (fr) * 1995-09-22 1997-03-27 Atlas Copco Controls Ab Procede de determination de la charge axiale sur un element de forme allongee

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4846001A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-07-11 Sps Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic load indicating member
EP0384977A2 (fr) * 1989-02-25 1990-09-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Appareil pour mesurer le temps de propagation des ultrasons

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4846001A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-07-11 Sps Technologies, Inc. Ultrasonic load indicating member
EP0384977A2 (fr) * 1989-02-25 1990-09-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Appareil pour mesurer le temps de propagation des ultrasons

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION. vol. 14, no. 5, September 1986, PHILADELPHIA US pages 253 - 259; G.C. JOHNSON ET AL.: 'An ultrasonic method for determining axial stress in bolts' *
MECANIQUE MATERIAUX ELECTRICITE. vol. 400, June 1983, PARIS FR pages 29 - 33; M. SOREL ET AL.: 'Pour un serrage de précision utilisez les ultrasons' *
SOVIET JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING. vol. 16, no. 12, December 1980, NEW YORK US pages 910 - 924; V.M. BOBRENKO ET AL.: 'Acoustic tensiometry II: Methods and apparatus' *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2283096A (en) * 1993-10-20 1995-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for ultrasonic distance measurement
US5508974A (en) * 1993-10-20 1996-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for ultrasonic distance measuring
GB2283096B (en) * 1993-10-20 1997-09-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for ultrasonic distance measurement
WO1997011343A1 (fr) * 1995-09-22 1997-03-27 Atlas Copco Controls Ab Procede de determination de la charge axiale sur un element de forme allongee
US6116094A (en) * 1995-09-22 2000-09-12 Atlas Copco Controls Ab Method for determining the axial load on an elongated member

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9109552D0 (en) 1991-06-26
GB2273983A (en) 1994-07-06
GB9322859D0 (en) 1994-05-04
GB2273983B (en) 1994-11-30
AU1667392A (en) 1992-12-21

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