WO1993000781A1 - Procede de chauffage par micro-ondes et dispositif associe - Google Patents
Procede de chauffage par micro-ondes et dispositif associe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993000781A1 WO1993000781A1 PCT/IT1992/000065 IT9200065W WO9300781A1 WO 1993000781 A1 WO1993000781 A1 WO 1993000781A1 IT 9200065 W IT9200065 W IT 9200065W WO 9300781 A1 WO9300781 A1 WO 9300781A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- container
- microwaves
- dielectric constant
- internally
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/281—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically other than by electrical resistances or electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/225—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating electrical central heating boilers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
- H05B6/802—Apparatus for specific applications for heating fluids
Definitions
- a microwave heating method and a relative microwave heating device are provided.
- the present invention relates to microwave heating, and to microwave heating devices. More particularly the invention relates to a method and to a relative device wherein use is made of microwave radiation, and of a microwave absorbing material capable of being heated and of transmitting heat in turn to a fluid with which it is in contact.
- a fluid heated in this manner can be used for space heating, or in the case of hot water, distributed for domestic and industrial consumption; in addition, high pressure steam generated by the method disclosed can be used to operate turbines or pistons.
- microwaves electromagnetic waves in the range of frequencies between 300 and 300,000 megahertz, commonly referred to as microwaves, are capable of inducing a rotational and to an extent vibrational effect in the molecules of materials possessing a high dielectric constant.
- microwave absorbing materials referred to also as dielectrics in the following specification, is that they excite when exposed to radiation and undergo a rise in temperature.
- microwaves are transparent to microwaves; these undergo no rise in temperature when exposed to radiation and are considered good insulators.
- materials which reflect microwave energy without heating and are considered good conductors.
- the different materials mentioned above can be used in conjunction with microwaves for different purposes: transparent materials for inert containers, such as crucibles; reflective materials for the external claddings of microwave systems; and dielectrics as heat sources by virtue of their capacity to excite when invested with microwave radiation.
- the frequencies that can be utilized for microwaves are 915 ⁇ 25, 2450 +13, 5800 ⁇ 75 and 22125 ⁇ 125 MHz. Of these the most widely used is 2450 MHz, enabling as it does a good penetration of materials combined with high surface intensity.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device such as will bring about heat exchange between a fluid and a source of heat consisting in a microwave absorbing material.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a method and a device whereby microwave energy can be used to produce hot air or hot water as a means of space heating or as a utility for domestic and/or industrial use.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method and a device whereby microwave energy can be used to generate high pressure steam for operating turbines or pistons.
- -fig 2 is a further front perspective view showing a device according to the invention suitable for producing hot water
- -fig 3 is a further front perspective view showing a device according to the invention suitable for producing hot water or generating high pressure steam.
- the container 2 of substantially parallelepiped embodiment, is associated both with the microwave generator unit 1 and with means by which to effect a forced induction of air, consisting for example in a fan unit 30 and a duct 31.
- the plates 20 undergo a rise in temperature and give off heat into the air to which they are directly exposed; the air is then expelled from the container 2 at a temperature of between 60 and 100 °C or higher, by way of suitable vents 22 fitted with grilles 23, in such a way as to warm the surrounding ambient.
- the device thus described can be embodied adopting compact dimensions, for example a few decimetres per side, which will be variable according to the quantity of hot air it is wished to produce.
- the plates 20 these would be fashioned from materials combining advantages of economy (i.e. low cost) with good heat dissipation; boron carbide is preferred by virtue of its greater resistance to oxidation at high temperature and its ability to heat at a faster rate.
- FIG. 1 shows a microwave device for producing hot water.
- microwaves emitted by a generator unit l 1 are directed at a dielectric, in this instance a coiled tube 24 fashioned from or faced externally with a microwave absorbing material.
- the coil 24 is housed internally of a container 2' of microwave reflecting material, and connected to a heating circuit or to a hot water distribution system. More exactly, the coil 24 is fashioned from tube of 10-15 mm diameter, some 20-30 cm in length, in a material selected from carbides of silicon, boron, titanium or tungsten, or borides of silicon, titanium or aluminium, etc., which might be pure or combined with nitrides of the same elements; the option also exists of using ferroelectric ceramics containing titanates of barium or lead or other metallic elements (zinc, manganese, copper, etc.). To advantage, the coil 24 is coated with a material transparent to microwaves such as will give greater mechanical strength and more readily dissipate excess temperature.
- Fig 3 illustrates a microwave device for producing hot water or generating steam at high temperature and high pressure.
- microwaves emitted by a generator unit 1" are directed onto a plurality of plates 25 fashioned from material able to absorb high frequency radiations and housed in a first container 26 embodied in material transparent to microwaves.
- Water directed through an inlet 28 into the first container 26 is heated rapidly on making contact with the plates 25 exposed to microwave radiation, and directed through an outlet 29 into the heating circuit or the hot water distribution system.
- This type of device is capable of discharging water or water vapour at temperatures between 60 and 80 °C, according to the quantity of water introduced and to the number of plates installed.
- the plates 25 might be between 10 and 25 in number, spaced apart 5...10 mm one from the next, and with typical dimensions of 30 x 15 x 1 cm.
- the plates 25 will be of boron nitride, exhibiting a honeycomb structure and immersed three quarters in deionized water.
- the first container 26 might be embodied in boron carbide or nitride reinforced with steel or other materials able to withstand high pressures.
- steam can be generated at pressures of 30 to 40 bar and temperatures of the order of 230 to 350 °C, in approximately one third of the time taken where use is made of materials unable to absorb high frequency radiations. Steam generated in this way can be used to advantage in driving turbines, for example, with at least a part of the heat being recovered by means of exchangers.
- the device of fig 3 is again compact, measuring substantially less than one metre on any side, the dimensions of the first container 26 being, by way of example, 30 x 15 x 40 cm.
- the magnetron 10 might be set at a certain distance from the container 2, and the microwaves directed into the container through a waveguide of suitable length.
- the microwave generator unit 1 or 1* or 1" is detached from the relative container 2 or 2' or 2", rather than attached as shown in the drawings.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Procédé permettant des économies d'énergie et servant à produire de l'air chaud ou de l'eau chaude pour le chauffage de locaux, de l'eau chaude par la consommation domestique ou industrielle, ou de la vapeur chauffée à haute pression destinée à entraîner les turbines et les pistons. Selon le procédé, on utilise des micro-ondes et des matériaux à constante diélectrique élevée pouvant absorber un rayonnement à haute fréquence (de 300 à 300 000 MHz). Un dispositif permettant la mise en ÷uvre du procédé comporte un récipient (2) recevant un fluide tel que l'air, et un ensemble de plaques (20) exécutées dans le matériau diélectrique et soumises directement aux micro-ondes. L'air chauffé par un contact avec les plaques peut servir au chauffage.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5501417A JPH06511547A (ja) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-06-19 | マイクロ波加熱方法およびマイクロ波加熱装置 |
| EP92914891A EP0593606A1 (fr) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-06-19 | Procede de chauffage par micro-ondes et dispositif associe |
| AU22632/92A AU2263292A (en) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-06-19 | A microwave heating method and a relative microwave heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT91BO000224A ITBO910224A1 (it) | 1991-06-21 | 1991-06-21 | Impianti di riscaldamento domestico ed industriale ad aria, acqua e vapore basati sull'effetto termico delle microonde su materiali |
| ITB091A000224 | 1991-06-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993000781A1 true WO1993000781A1 (fr) | 1993-01-07 |
Family
ID=11337610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT1992/000065 WO1993000781A1 (fr) | 1991-06-21 | 1992-06-19 | Procede de chauffage par micro-ondes et dispositif associe |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0593606A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH06511547A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2263292A (fr) |
| IT (1) | ITBO910224A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1993000781A1 (fr) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0610061A1 (fr) * | 1993-02-02 | 1994-08-10 | Naraseiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil de chauffage utilisant des micro-ondes |
| EP0849546A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-24 | Andreino Gatti | Chauffe-eau à sécurité renforcée et à maintenance réduite |
| GB2342833A (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-19 | Gary Hopkins | Microwave energy indirect central heating and water boiler |
| US7022953B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-04-04 | Fyne Industries, L.L.C. | Electromagnetic flowing fluid heater |
| GB2427112A (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-12-13 | Rowland Simpkins | Microwave flow heater/boiler |
| WO2006131755A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Microwave Energy Converters Limited | Appareil et procédé de chauffage |
| CN100578081C (zh) * | 2003-03-13 | 2010-01-06 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 具有蒸汽发生功能的高频加热设备 |
| EP2239995A1 (fr) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-13 | Christian Zignani | Dispositif de chauffage d'un fluide pour un usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, utilisant les micro-ondes en tant que source d'énergie |
| WO2011146093A3 (fr) * | 2009-12-15 | 2012-04-26 | William Marsh Rice University | Production d'électricité |
| US9032731B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2015-05-19 | William Marsh Rice University | Cooling systems and hybrid A/C systems using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex |
| US9222665B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2015-12-29 | William Marsh Rice University | Waste remediation |
| US9863662B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2018-01-09 | William Marsh Rice University | Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex |
| CN113250669A (zh) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种火驱注入管柱 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2549996A1 (de) * | 1975-11-07 | 1977-05-18 | Clinton | Fluiderhitzer fuer dielektrische fluide |
| FR2521809A1 (fr) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-19 | Munoz Michel | Chaudiere a micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud a usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procede mis en oeuvre par cette chaudiere |
| DE3342252A1 (de) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-30 | Manfred Josef 5000 Köln Rinn | Geraet zur herstellung von dampf und warmen und heissen fluessigkeiten auf elektrischem wege |
-
1991
- 1991-06-21 IT IT91BO000224A patent/ITBO910224A1/it not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-06-19 JP JP5501417A patent/JPH06511547A/ja active Pending
- 1992-06-19 AU AU22632/92A patent/AU2263292A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-06-19 WO PCT/IT1992/000065 patent/WO1993000781A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-06-19 EP EP92914891A patent/EP0593606A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2549996A1 (de) * | 1975-11-07 | 1977-05-18 | Clinton | Fluiderhitzer fuer dielektrische fluide |
| FR2521809A1 (fr) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-19 | Munoz Michel | Chaudiere a micro-ondes pour la production d'un fluide chaud a usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, et procede mis en oeuvre par cette chaudiere |
| DE3342252A1 (de) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-30 | Manfred Josef 5000 Köln Rinn | Geraet zur herstellung von dampf und warmen und heissen fluessigkeiten auf elektrischem wege |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0610061A1 (fr) * | 1993-02-02 | 1994-08-10 | Naraseiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil de chauffage utilisant des micro-ondes |
| EP0849546A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-24 | Andreino Gatti | Chauffe-eau à sécurité renforcée et à maintenance réduite |
| GB2342833A (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-19 | Gary Hopkins | Microwave energy indirect central heating and water boiler |
| CN100578081C (zh) * | 2003-03-13 | 2010-01-06 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 具有蒸汽发生功能的高频加热设备 |
| US7022953B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-04-04 | Fyne Industries, L.L.C. | Electromagnetic flowing fluid heater |
| GB2427112A (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2006-12-13 | Rowland Simpkins | Microwave flow heater/boiler |
| GB2427112B (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-04-08 | Rowland Simpkins | Microwave boiler |
| WO2006131755A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Microwave Energy Converters Limited | Appareil et procédé de chauffage |
| EP2239995A1 (fr) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-13 | Christian Zignani | Dispositif de chauffage d'un fluide pour un usage domestique, industriel ou de chauffage de locaux, utilisant les micro-ondes en tant que source d'énergie |
| WO2011146093A3 (fr) * | 2009-12-15 | 2012-04-26 | William Marsh Rice University | Production d'électricité |
| US9739473B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2017-08-22 | William Marsh Rice University | Electricity generation using electromagnetic radiation |
| US9032731B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2015-05-19 | William Marsh Rice University | Cooling systems and hybrid A/C systems using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex |
| US9222665B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2015-12-29 | William Marsh Rice University | Waste remediation |
| US9545458B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2017-01-17 | Willam Marsh Rice University | Waste remediation |
| US9863662B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2018-01-09 | William Marsh Rice University | Generating a heated fluid using an electromagnetic radiation-absorbing complex |
| CN113250669A (zh) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种火驱注入管柱 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITBO910224A1 (it) | 1992-12-21 |
| ITBO910224A0 (it) | 1991-06-21 |
| EP0593606A1 (fr) | 1994-04-27 |
| JPH06511547A (ja) | 1994-12-22 |
| AU2263292A (en) | 1993-01-25 |
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