WO1993006134A1 - Facteurs de la regulation fonctionnelle cellulaire et leurs applications biologiques - Google Patents
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- WO1993006134A1 WO1993006134A1 PCT/FR1992/000867 FR9200867W WO9306134A1 WO 1993006134 A1 WO1993006134 A1 WO 1993006134A1 FR 9200867 W FR9200867 W FR 9200867W WO 9306134 A1 WO9306134 A1 WO 9306134A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is proteins capable in particular of constituting functional regulation factors of the cell and their biological applications.
- Cell-cell interactions are of major importance in the development and organization of multicellular organisms, as well as in their physiology and pathology. It is generally accepted that these interactions are effected by the effect of circulating soluble factors, but also by the intermediary of cellular adhesion molecules (CAM), of molecules of adhesion to the matrix support and of molecules constituting functional structures. between cells.
- CAM cellular adhesion molecules
- the invention further relates to the biological applications of these proteins, in particular as factors of functional regulation and as markers of cell differentiation.
- the proteins of the invention are characterized in that they comprise or consist of an amino acid sequence capable of reacting specifically with a monoclonal antibody as obtained by immunization of an animal with rat epithelial cells. hepatic origin, followed by the fusion and cloning steps carried out according to conventional techniques, in particular the monoclonal antibody secreted by the hybridoma strain deposited at the DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) on June 19, 1991 ° DSM ACC 2011.
- DSM Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
- proteins are capable of playing a critical role in cellular communication, and in particular in the specific recognition and interaction of different cell populations and lead to the active transcription of certain genes and the expression of functions characteristic of a given tissue. They constitute communication proteins between cells of a given type and contiguous or contiguous heterologous cells. They indeed prove capable of ensuring the transmission of a signal or signals of one cell type to another cell type which may be contiguous or proximal. Concerning tissue distribution, in the adult state, the proteins of the invention are expressed in particular in the liver, exocrine pancreas, testes, ovaries and hematopoietic tissues.
- the proteins according to the invention are further characterized in that they are expressed in particular by hepatocytes, epithelial cells of the bile ductules, endothelial cells, Ito cells and macrophages. They are also characterized in that, in the testes, they are expressed in the seminiferous tubes by Sertoli cells (so-called nourishing cells) and spermatocytes at a precise stage of maturation, end leptotene and zygotene.
- CEFR hepatocytes and epithelial cells of rat liver
- the proteins of the invention are also characterized in that they are expressed in hematopoietic tissues (bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes and spleen) and in blood, (by monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes).
- liver epithelial cells have shown the involvement of proteins in the proliferation and maturation of these hematopoietic cells.
- the direct involvement of the proteins was further confirmed by the discovery of the proteins of the invention in cells making up the stromal tissue of the bone marrow and by obtaining a maturation of the hepatocytes when they are put in co-culture with stromal cells.
- the proteins of the invention constitute membrane glycoproteins. These proteins are more specifically characterized in that they are formed from an amino acid sequence having a molecular weight (MW) of about 85,000 daltons, as measured by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- This sequence comprises one or more of the following sequences, namely: -PQDMSGFQK, INP- (T) -DES, GLQMK,
- the proteins of the invention demonstrated in the hepatocyte co-cultures are membrane proteins having a pi of approximately 4.9 to 5.1 by analysis on two-dimensional gel.
- these proteins are presented in a form having a MW of approximately 73,000 daltons, having the epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody (or abbreviated mAb) defined above, corresponding to truncated membrane proteins.
- These proteins have in particular a pi of the order of 5.2.
- the PM of the protein sequences can vary appreciably from one species to another, or even from one tissue to another and from one cell type to another. They also have a specific region or domain of a cell type for a given tissue, of a given species.
- these proteins of the invention are further characterized in that they consist of a single protein chain.
- the immunoreaction of the proteins of the invention with the monoclonal antibody results in a loss of the adult hepatocyte phenotype, and as in pure cultures, in a survival reduced to 5 to 6 About a few days, a rapid decrease in the secretion of serum albumin with a rate of less than about 50% of normal production, accompanied by a decrease in the level of the corresponding m-RNA and of the m-RNA of other specific liver genes.
- the hepatocytes of co-cultures treated with the monoclonal antibody in question synthesize procollagen I ⁇ i which does not polymerize.
- the proteins in question are characterized in that they are glycoproteins.
- the proteins of the invention are characterized in that they are constituted as such, by the active part of the proteins defined above, that is to say the part responsible for the communication between the cells of a given type and the adjacent or proximal heterologous cells.
- the invention relates in particular to the glycosylated part of the proteins defined in the above.
- the proteins active with respect to cell-cell regulation are recombinant proteins and contain at least the active part mentioned above.
- the proteins of the invention are analogues of the proteins defined above, that is to say that their amino acid sequence may differ from that of the active reference protein sequence by one or more amino acids deleted and / or replaced and / or substituted, provided that these changes do not alter the properties defined above.
- protein as used in the description and the claims denotes both proteins as obtained by synthesis, as proteins in native form or in recombinant form, the active parts of these proteins. , and their analogs as defined above.
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining the proteins defined above.
- This method comprises contacting an extract of liver membranes with a monoclonal antibody capable of specifically recognizing a surface protein of rat liver epithelial cells, or a Fab fragment having such a property.
- the liver membranes are advantageously solubilized with an agent having the effect of lyzing them, in particular a detergent agent such as Triton X100.
- the monoclonal antibody, or the Fab fragments is advantageously coupled to a support, more especially a support which can be used in a column such as Sepharose 4B.
- the proteins sought selectively bind to the antibody by immunoreaction and are then eluted. To this end, an increase in the pH of the buffer is advantageous.
- the eluate collected containing a given protein is brought into contact with a selective adsorbent making it possible to eliminate proteins of molecular weights identical to that of the desired protein but with different isoelectric points, then the protein is desorbed at 1 using an appropriate buffer and it is recovered from the eluate.
- the proteins of the invention can also be purified using a polyclonal antibody conventionally induced by immunization of an animal.
- polyclonal antibodies directed against the proteins of the invention in native or recombinant form, or their active part, or their analogs as defined above also come within the scope of the invention.
- any tissue, other than the liver membranes, giving rise to an immunological reaction with antibodies as defined above can be used to obtain the proteins of the invention. Note that recognition by the antibody is not species specific.
- the monoclonal antibody used as a protein identification tool is as obtained by secretion from strains of hybridomas resulting from the fusion of an immortal non-secreting myeloma cell with a cell producing antibodies directed against a protein. of rat liver epithelial cells.
- the step of merging the two cell types is in particular carried out according to the most commonly used technique, namely that of Kohler and Milstein, Nature, vol. 256, p. 495, 1975.
- Antibody producing cells are splenocytes. These cells are recovered after in vivo immunization of the animal with a cell suspension of live CEFRs.
- Immortal cells are non-secreting myeloma cells, which makes it possible to obtain hybridomas secreting only the immunoglobulin of the specificity of the producer cell.
- SP2 / 0-Ag myeloma cells are conventionally used.
- the hybridomas obtained are cultured and cloned according to the limiting dilution method.
- hybridomas are selected whose culture supernatants produce immunoglobulins, using a standard immunofluorescence test.
- a second level of selection is carried out among the positive clones retained at the end of the preceding step, by only retaining the clones capable of recognizing a protein of the plasma membrane by giving rise to a reaction of the antigen-antibody type but not not reacting with two types of non-hepatic cells, namely corneal endothelial cells and human skin fibroblasts.
- the recovered monoclonal antibodies can be used as such or are purified, for example on an affinity column, and stored by freezing, or optionally lyophilized.
- the invention relates especially to the L8 monoclonal antibody, the mode of production of which is reported in the examples.
- strains of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies defined above, as well as their method of obtaining, comprising the steps of fusion and selection defined above in relation to the monoclonal antibodies also come within the scope of the invention.
- the proteins recognized by the monoclonal antibodies in the method of the invention correspond to recombinant proteins comprising or formed partially or completely by the active part with respect to cell-cell regulation.
- these proteins are produced in hosts, transformed by the introduction of expression or cloning vectors, in particular of plasmids, containing the gene fragments coding for the acid sequences. amines sought.
- fragments are introduced by ligation into an appropriate site of the chosen vector.
- suitable hosts for carrying out the invention include bacteria, yeasts or even arthropod, vertebrate or plant cells.
- the expressed proteins are recovered from the culture medium, after lysis of the bacteria, and purified.
- the proteins of the invention are formed by the active part as already defined, or by the sequences given above, or are analogs of these proteins, of these sequences, or of their active part. These proteins are obtained by genetic recombination or peptide synthesis according to conventional techniques.
- transformed cell hosts expression vectors such as plasmids, and DNA fragments as mentioned above are within the scope of the invention.
- the proteins of the invention are obtained by synthesis.
- a determined peptide chain is formed using a synthesizer.
- the proteins of the invention are of great interest as a factor for functional regulation of target cells in a given tissue.
- the invention relates in particular to their use in cell cultures with a view to ensuring the restoration and maintenance of the functional activity of a given type of cells.
- the cultures are advantageously carried out under the usual conditions and the protein is added to the medium.
- the proteins of the invention play a major role in the hepatocyte functioning in culture.
- the invention therefore more specifically relates to a method of culturing hepatocytes, in particular human hepatocytes, comprising the use of a protein as defined above to replace the CEFR used in the method of the patent already mentioned.
- proteins of the invention are used to restore or maintain the functioning, for example, of hematopoietic cells in culture.
- they can be used to promote the proliferation of hematopoietic cells so as to constitute an additional treatment for aplastic patients, who have lost, after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, their progenitors or a large part of their hematopoietic cells.
- bone marrow cells or hematopoietic cells are taken from the patient or from compatible donors, and they are cultured with proteins of the invention or cells which express them. The cells produced are then injected into the patient.
- the invention further relates to a kit comprising the protein as defined above and the reagents or part of the reagents necessary for carrying out a given cell culture.
- the kit also advantageously contains the cells concerned.
- the proteins of the invention can also be used as cell markers.
- the proteins of the invention advantageously constitute markers of cell differentiation, of cell polarity or of cell distribution.
- the detection of the proteins of the invention is advantageously carried out using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, developed according to conventional techniques, capable of specifically recognizing these proteins.
- these antibodies are antibodies directed against at least part of the region or domain of the amino acid sequence specific for a cell type of a given tissue, of a given species.
- these antibodies are characterized in that they are capable of recognizing, by giving rise to a reaction of the antigen-antibody type, at least one of the fragments given above, of sequences: LPQDMSGFQK, INP- (T) -DES, GLQMK, DMVEF- (R)
- the proteins of the invention make it possible to characterize a given stage of differentiation.
- the proteins of the invention constitute markers of germ cells at a precise stage of differentiation at the adult stage, but also during development.
- tests carried out on cultures of testis cells have shown that the proteins of the invention are expressed in the seminiferous tubes by Sertoli feeder cells and spermatocytes at a very precise stage of maturation (see article RA Hess in Biology of reproduction 43,525-542, 1990).
- the antibodies directed against these proteins advantageously formed, according to conventional techniques against a purified protein of human origin, and more particularly against the specific region of this protein, for this type of tissue, constitute particularly valuable tools for diagnosing high accuracy, or cell selections.
- the proteins of the invention are also present in the oocytes and the follicular cells which surround them only in the mature follicles recognizable by the formation of the atrium.
- the use of antibodies directed against these proteins allows the recognition of mature oocytes which are the only fertilizable.
- the invention therefore relates to the application of these antibodies as bioreactives for the in vitro diagnosis in a biological sample of the presence of male germ cells or female germ cells at precise stages of maturation as indicated above, with a view to their characterization and / or their selection.
- the antibodies are free.
- the proteins of the invention constitute markers of blood cells.
- the invention therefore also relates to the antibodies directed against the specific proteins of the various blood cells.
- the method according to the invention for in vitro diagnosis of the presence of proteins as defined above in a biological sample or of cells is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the sample to be analyzed or the cells is brought into contact with a preparation of an antibody, or of a Fab fragment, as defined above, immobilized on a solid support, under conditions suitable for the production of an antigen-antibody complex with said proteins, when they are present in the sample, then the formation of such an antigen-antibody type complex is demonstrated by operating advantageously according to the usual techniques.
- Cytofluorometry techniques are used, for example.
- This detection method makes it possible to reveal with great sensitivity and quickly the presence of these membrane proteins in the sample tested.
- proteins therefore constitute, for example, markers of differentiation, on the one hand, of Sertoli cells and spermatocytes at a given stage, on the other hand, of oocytes also at a precise stage of maturation, to localize them, or even to collect them selectively. and quantify them.
- the above method is also applicable for selecting from cell populations those of cells which express the proteins of the invention.
- the invention also relates to a kit for the demonstration of said proteins for the purpose of in vitro diagnosis of their presence in a biological sample or for carrying out cell selection.
- an appropriate solid phase serving as a support for the assay such as a micro-titration plate
- the recognition of native proteins by antibodies against these proteins authorizes the use of these antibodies as a contraceptive vaccine.
- Administration of these antibodies to mice can lead to inhibition of fertility during treatment.
- the invention therefore also relates to a contraceptive vaccine characterized in that it contains, in association with an inert vehicle, an antibody directed against proteins, or parts of proteins of mature oocytes or spermatocytes as defined above, more particularly against at least part of the region of these tissue specific proteins.
- the following description includes examples in which the results obtained are reported with hepatocytes as the cell type.
- FIGS. 1 to 11 represent:
- FIG. 1 of micrographs of co-cultures (B, C), or of pure cultures (A), of hepatocytes treated (A, C) or not (B) with mAb L8,
- FIG. 2 represents albumin production as a function of the duration of a co-culture (in days), in the presence of increasing concentrations of AcM L8,
- FIG. 3A is an immunolocalization on a section of the liver of an adult rat and FIGS. 3B and 3C are micrographs showing the immunolocalization of the AcM L8-protein complex in hepatocyte cultures,
- FIG. 5 represents micrographs of cocultures with deposit of matrix fibers, treated (B, D) or not (A, C) with mAb L8, then stained with reticulin (impregnation with silver),
- FIG. 6A represents immunoprecipitates of proteins of the invention with mAb L8 from corneal endothelial cells (1), hepatic epithelial cells (2) and hepatocytes (3), under non-reducing conditions;
- FIG. 6B the same immunoprecipitates under reducing conditions;
- FIG. 6C represents a two-dimensional electrophoresis revealing the pHI of the proteins and
- FIG. 6D shows an immunoprecipitation after extraction of the proteins with Triton X114, and - Figure 7 shows sections of adult rat tissue, after reaction with mAb L8, A / and B / ovarian follicle, C / small intestine D of seminiferous tubes.
- FIG. 8 measurements by cytofluorimetry on hematopoietic cells
- FIG. 9 the results of electrophoresis with the thymus, CEFR, bone marrow and erythrocytes, with indication of the molecular weight PM,
- Laminin-entactin complex, laminin, heparan sulphate and IV collagen extracts of the tumor, of mouse sarcoma (Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm) (1) operating according to (2) with the modifications given in (3).
- Hybridization probes for the analysis of m-RNA pRSA8 for the albumin gene (4), A4C9 for the aldolase B gene (5) and the procollagen la ⁇ (6).
- Anti-cytokeratin 18 antibodies anti CK 49 of known specificity (7).
- Peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgM antibodies Nordic Immunological Laboratories, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- anti mouse Ig labeled with isothiocyana and fluorescein Diagnostic Pasteur, Marnes-la-Coquette, France.
- Tsol-chili cells t * ⁇ culture isolation of hepatocytes; preparation of pure cultures or co-cultures.
- Normal adult hepatocytes are obtained by infusion of rat liver (Sprague-Dawley; 150-200 grams) with a 0.025% collagenase solution buffered with 0.1M Hepes, (4- (21 - hydroxyethyl) acid - l-piperazine ethane sulfonic) (pH 7.4).
- the procedure is carried out according to the Seglen method described in (11) using the modifications reported by Guguen et al., In (12).
- the hepatocytes are seeded in culture flasks in a mixture formed from 75% of MEM medium and 25% of medium 199, supplemented with 10% of fetal calf serum and containing per ml: penicillin (100 IU), streptomycin sulfate (100 ⁇ g), beef insulin (5 ⁇ g) and beef serum albumin or BSA (1 mg).
- penicillin 100 IU
- streptomycin sulfate 100 ⁇ g
- beef insulin 5 ⁇ g
- beef serum albumin or BSA beef serum albumin
- the co-cultures are prepared according to the conditions described in (13).
- the medium is removed and the non-transformed CEFRs, or other cell types, suspended in fresh medium, are added. 24 h later, the medium is supplemented with 7 x 10 ⁇ 5M of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate and then renewed each day.
- the hepatocytes from the cocultures are selectively separated from the CEFRs by incubation for 10 min with a collagenase solution. free of calcium (0.05%, pH 7.6) buffered with 0.1 M Hepes
- fibroblasts Cultures of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells.
- the 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, ox corneal endothelial cells, human skin fibroblasts and rat liver myofibroblasts are maintained in the medium supplemented with the serum mentioned above, without insulin, corticosteroids or albumin. . Culture of epithelial cells.
- CEFR cells are isolated by treating livers from normal 10-day rats with trypsin (14) and (15). Groundhog liver epithelial cells
- CEFM marmots imported from the U.S.A.
- CEFR, CEFM and beef lens epithelial cells are cultured in William's E medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.
- Balb / c mice are immunized with a cell suspension of 10? CEFR alive. The splenocytes are recovered. Five different fusions are performed with SP2 / 0-Ag myeloma cells. Culture supernatants producing immunoglobulins are selected with regard to the positive response given to the indirect immunofluorescence test with CEFR cells and hepatocytes. Out of 400 positive hybridoma cultures,
- the strain producing mAbs capable of significantly reducing the survival of hepatocytes in coculture is isolated, but having no effect on the viability of cells in pure culture. These mAbs are called L8. As indicated above, this hybridoma strain was deposited at the D.S.M. June 19, 1991 under DSM ACC 2011.
- Figure 1 shows the photos of:
- A pure cultures of 2-day hepatocytes treated with a supernatant of hybridomas producing L8;
- C 5-day hepatocyte co-cultures, treated with a supernatant of hybridomas producing L8. 500 .mu.l 'of AcML ⁇ are added to the culture medium at the start of the culture, then every day at each renewal of the medium.
- the typical polygonal shape of the hepatocytes maintained in co-culture is lost in presence of L8 mAb and most of the hepatocytes died on the 5th or 6th day, while the CEFRs were not affected.
- the ability of cells to secrete albumin is studied in cultures treated daily with L8 mAb.
- the albumin secretion rate is quantified in the culture media for 5 or 6 days by laser immunonephelometry by operating according to (18).
- MAb is added at different concentrations.
- the serum albumin level is measured in the medium taken each day.
- FIG. 2 shows the results obtained with the pure cultures (—Q— ⁇ ), the control co-cultures (- V ⁇ r—) maintained without the addition of mAb L8, and co-cultures to which 2 have been added. , 5 (-),
- AcM L8 is characterized as being of IgM class according to the Ouchterlony technique.
- the L8 mAb is added at the start of cell seeding, then the treatment is stopped 1, 2, 3, or 4 days later.
- CEFR their growth and obtaining a confluence with hepatocyte colonies.
- the pure hepatocyte cultures and the cocultures are fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution buffered with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4) for 30 min at 4 ° C.
- the mAbs are localized using indirect staining with immunoperoxidase or the indirect immunofluorescence technique.
- the incubations are carried out in the presence of 0.1 or 0.2% saponin.
- a second antibody consists of an anti-
- Fluorescein isothiocyanate The immunopositive reaction with mAb L8 is uniformly localized in the plasma membrane of freshly solved hepatocytes and pure cultures of hepatocytes and this, only in the first 4 days then disappears.
- mAb L8 immunoreacts with the plasma membranes of hepatocytes in coculture for two weeks. The reaction then slowly decreases over time.
- FIG. 3B A photo on a 3-day co-culture is reported in FIG. 3B showing, using the munofluorescence technique, the location of the protein on the plasma membrane and its uniform distribution around the cells. It appears strongly expressed by hepatocytes and weakly by CEFRs.
- the cells are then fixed with 2.5% of glutaraldehyde, then incubated for 30 min with a solution containing 1% of osmium in a 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. The cells are then dehydrated in pure ethanol and included in Epon R.
- FIG. 3C shows an electron micrograph of a 3-day co-culture.
- the protein molecule is detected by an immunoperoxidase reaction. Dense deposits of electrons are observed, uniformly distributed on the cell surface of hepatocytes and CEFRs. No intracellular staining is visible.
- FIG. 3A shows the distribution of the protein on a section of adult rat liver. It appears uniformly distributed in the lobule and located essentially at the sinusoidal pole of the cells. vi Reaction of different cell types with RA hepatocytes in CO-CUlture and immnnréartivitP with mAb L8.
- mice, marmots, dogs, baboons and humans are all capable of reacting with CEFRs and of maintaining high functional stability in co-culture. All of these results show that the cells which give rise to an antigen-antibody type reaction with mAb L8 are capable of reacting with hepatocytes in coculture, giving rise to the establishment of intercellular communications allowing the maintenance the differentiated state of hepatocytes.
- the levels of albumin (a), procollagen I ⁇ l (b) and aldolase B (c) of freshly isolated hepatocytes (0) and of hepatocytes maintained in co-cultures 2 or 5 are analyzed.
- the pure cultures were analyzed at 2.4 and 6 days.
- A corresponds to co-cultures
- B to pure cultures of hepatocytes, 2, 4 and 6 days after sowing.
- Equal amounts of total RNA (20 ⁇ g) from these different sources are used.
- Total RNA is obtained using the technique of Chirgwin et al. (19) with 5 M guanidium thiocyanate / CsCl.
- Total RNA (20 ⁇ g) is resolved by electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose filter.
- the filter is prehybridized in a conventional manner and hybridized with a nick-translated DNA probe 3 x 10 ⁇ cpm / ml of 32p for 18 h at
- Hybridization is carried out with an excess of cDNA probes corresponding to (A), (B) and (C).
- the results are reported in FIG. 4.
- the levels of albumin and aldolase B mRNA increase strongly from the second to the fifth day in the untreated co-cultures whereas these levels decrease sharply in the presence of the mAb L8 on the fifth day.
- increasing amounts of procollagen I ⁇ are observed in the presence of the L8 mAb.
- pure cultures of hepatocytes are extended up to eight days in the presence of 25 mM of nicotinamide and continuously exposed to mAb L8.
- the in vitro translation products were analyzed for hepatocytes untreated or treated daily with L8 mAb and maintained in culture. pure or in co-culture.
- 5 ⁇ g of total RNA from pure cultures and co-cultures, untreated or treated each day with 10 ⁇ g / ml of partially purified L8 mAb (1, 3 and 5 days) are translated in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte lysates (20) containing 50 ⁇ Ci of [35s] -methionine. The translation is carried out for 2 h at 30 ° C.
- the material which can be precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (4 ⁇ 10 5 cpm) is developed on SDS-PAGE and autoradiographed. It is found that the profile of the proteins synthesized by the pure cultures is similar during the culture period, whether or not there is the presence of the L8 mAb. On the other hand, the treatment of cocultures with mAb L8 for 3 days specifically induces significant changes in the level of synthesis of the various proteins.
- Cytoskeleton II has already been established that the cell form and the cytoskeleton are closely associated with the differentiated phenotype of hepatocytes.
- the examination carried out focused on cell-cell contacts with CEFRs to check whether they induce early or late changes in the cytoskeleton.
- Cytokeratins CK8 and CK18 which form the intermediate-sized filaments of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton, were analyzed.
- the immunolocalization of the protein CK18 is carried out in pure cultures and in co-cultures in the presence or absence of the L8 mAb.
- the cytokeratin filaments form a complex network uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in pure cultures while they are mainly located at the cell periphery just below the plasma membrane in coculture. It was found that the daily addition of mAb L8 from the start of the coculture strongly disturbs the reorganization of these components of the cytoskeleton. . Deposition of the extracellular matrix
- the reticulin staining by silver impregnation of the extracellular matrix is carried out according to the method of Gordon et al. described in (20) in co-cultures fixed with a mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for 15 min at 4 ° C.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B report the micrographs obtained with co-cultures established by adding the CEFRs 4 hours after having seeded the hepatocytes to obtain a monolayer of cells.
- the coloring is carried out on co-cultures of
- the extracellular matrix is first located between the two cell populations. This frame or network gradually covers the colonies of hepatocytes within a week.
- the results given above having shown that the activity of the protein of the invention is inhibited by the monoclonal antibody recognizing it specifically during the establishment of contacts between the two cell populations, experiments were carried out to study the effect of this antibody on the attachment of hepatocytes to CEFR.
- FIGS. 5C and 5D The micrographs obtained with these co-cultures are reported in FIGS. 5C and 5D. Plates of 3.5 cm in diameter covered by a confluent monolayer of CEFR are preincubated with 2 ⁇ l of ascitic fluid of SP2 / 0-Ag (C) or L8 (D) per ml of medium devoid of serum for 1 hour. The freshly isolated hepatocytes (106 cells) are then inoculated and maintained at 37 ° C. in the same medium containing SP2 / 0-Ag or the mAb L8.
- the media of the flasks are harvested in duplicate after 2, 3, 4, 7 and 22 h and the number of unattached hepatocytes is estimated by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase activity after lysis of the cells with PBS containing 0.2% of Triton X-100.
- EHS gel, fibronectin, collagen IV, laminin, laminin-entactin complex, heparan sulfate are examined.
- 3% BSA is added to a (final concentration of 1.5%) for another 30 min.
- the medium is eliminated and the hepatocytes previously incubated for 30 min in a medium devoid of serum containing increasing amounts of mAb L8 or of ascites fluid SP2 / 0-Ag and 0.02% of BSA are, inoculated.
- the cultures are washed twice with PBS. The number of attached and non-attached hepatocytes is measured as described above.
- the seeding of hepatocytes in a medium containing increasing concentrations of mAb L8 or in ascitic fluid SP2 / 0-Ag does not prevent or delay the attachment to plastic substrates, fibronectin, laminin, laminin-antactin complex -IV collagen, heparan-sulfate-proteoglycan. Pre-incubation of cells with L8 mAb does not affect these results.
- Immunoprecipitation is performed on cell lysates after iodination of the cell surface of hepatocytes and CEFRs (21).
- the cells are labeled with Na [125i] by catalyzed reaction to lactoperoxidase.
- the lysates from the different sources are precipitated with the ascites fluid obtained with the hybridomas secreting the mAb L8.
- a 90 min incubation is carried out with 3 ⁇ l of ascites fluid.
- the ascites fluid is treated with protein A-Sepharose before use.
- the samples are then incubated with IgM made in anti-mouse goats, then protein A-Sepharose.
- the marbles affinity are washed with the lysis buffer and the fixed material is eluted with 100 ⁇ l of buffer sample according to Laemmli (22) to determine the molecular weight, or with 100 ⁇ l of lysis buffer according to O'Farell (23) determine the pi.
- SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is carried out in polyacrylamide gel forming a linear gradient of 4 to 15% or 7.5 to 15% in the Laemmli buffer system mentioned above.
- the measurement of the isoelectrofocus is carried out with Ampholines of pH 3 to 10 in the O'Farell buffer system mentioned above.
- FIG. 6A gives the results obtained by SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions with immunoprecipitates of lysates of endothelial cells from beef cornea (lane 1), hepatocytes (lane 2) and
- Hepatocytes are extracted with Triton X-114 and a phase of operation at 30 C C as described in (24). The results obtained are shown in Figure 6D.
- the two polypeptides are essentially recovered from the hydrophobic phase (lane 1), which is related to their membrane nature. They cannot be extracted from the plasma membrane after treatment with PBS or EDTA.
- the aqueous phase (lane 2), the hydrophobic phase (lane 3) and the aqueous phase (lane 4) are immunoprecipitated with mAb L8.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show photos of rat ovarian follicles with weak (A) and strong (B) respectively after reaction with the L8 mAb.
- FIG. 7C a photo of a section of the small intestine is shown showing intestinal villi. No reaction with mAb L8 is observed. Only the red cells appear colored. . Rat testis.
- Figure 7D shows a photo of a section of rat testis showing several seminiferous tubes.
- mAb L8 a photo of a section of rat testis showing several seminiferous tubes.
- the cultures are washed 3 times with PBS, then the cells are detached from the Petri dish, centrifuged at 6,500 rpm for 10 seconds and solubilized either in 1% Triton X-100, SDS 0.01 %, 2 mM EDTA, 130 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) or in 1% Triton X-114, 130 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7 , 4), by passing five times through a G26 needle with a syringe and maintained for 30 min at 4 ° C.
- protease inhibitors are added to all of the buffers, namely aprotinin (100 IU / ml) and phenylmethylsulfoxide (2mM).
- the cell lysates are centrifuged for 10 min at 13,000 rpm.
- the soluble material is extracted into Triton X-114, it is subjected to a phase separation, then the two phases are adjusted by adding either Triton X-114 or the buffer in order to obtain the same contents of salts and surfactants in different samples.
- the protein is purified from a crude preparation of adult rat liver membranes. These membranes are lysed in the presence of Triton X-100 (1%) and SDS (0.1%). The lysate is centrifuged for 30 min. at 20,000 g. The supernatant is deposited on a sepharose-4 B affinity column activated with CNBr and coupled to the monoclonal antibody L8 (AcML8). After washing, the protein is eluted with 0.05 M diethylamine pH 11.5, 0.1% Triton X-100. The preparation is then subjected to anion exchange chromatography using a DEAE-cellulose column, then eluted with a NaCl gradient of 0 to 1 M.
- the elution peak is located at 0.15 - 0, 2 M NaCl.
- the eluate is precipitated with 10% TCA and analyzed in 8.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel.
- the protein is revealed by amido black staining. It appears in the form of two bands of 85,000 and 73,000 Da.
- the 85,000 Da gel strip is cut and dried.
- the gel is rehydrated and then incubated in 150 ⁇ l of buffer containing 0.6 ⁇ g of pork trypsin, for 4 h 30 at 37 ° C.
- the peptides formed are extracted from the gel by incubation for 20 min at 37 ° C. in 2 x 100 ⁇ l of 60% acetonitrile. They are separated on a C18 - HPLC column, then eluted. Six peaks could thus be collected, four corresponding to pure peptides; they were sequenced automatically using Edman's reaction.
- the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes of rats are isolated and cut into small fragments in RPMI 1640 culture medium.
- the isolated hematopoietic cells are released into the culture medium and collected.
- Bone marrow cells are obtained from rat femurs by washing the internal cavity with culture medium.
- Peripheral blood cells are collected on heparin.
- the erythrocytes are lysed in an 8.3 g / l ammonium chloride solution and the remaining leukocytes are washed in PBS.
- the erythrocytes are isolated by centrifuging heparin blood at 1000 g for 10 min. The collected pellet is washed three times.
- cytofluorimetry For the cytofluorimetry analysis, samples of 0.5 or 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells are incubated with the antibody for 1 h at 4 ° C. After washing, the cells are incubated with the 2nd antibody coupled to fluorescein for 30 min. The cells are then fixed with 1% formaldehyde and analyzed with a FACS 440 laser cytofluorimeter. All the hemapoietic cells coming from all the hemapoietic organs are positive with the antibody mAb L8 by cytofluorimetry, namely the mononuclear cells, the granulocytes and the erythrocytes. This is illustrated in Figure 8.
- erythrocytes and thymocytes which essentially correspond to T lymphocytes
- erythrocytes only have a band of 85,000 Da
- thymocytes have two bands of 85,000 and 73,000 Da.
- Rat bone marrow cells are collected from femurs by scraping from the internal cavity. The culture of these cells is carried out at 37 ° C. in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, and 5 ⁇ g / ml insulin. Only the stromal cells adhere in 18 h, the other cells are eliminated. Generally, the long-term culture of stromal cells is initiated from 10 x 10 6 cells freshly isolated from marrow, placed in 5 ml of medium and in 25 cm 2 flasks. After 4 to 5 days, the cells profited. Demonstration of the protein in marrow stromal cells was obtained from these cultures by indirect immunolocation.
- hematopoietic cells attached to the layer of stromal cells, adipocytes and fibroendothelial cells (Fig. 10 A and 10 B ( Figure 10 A representing a view of the bone marrow cells in phase contrast and Figure 10 B immunolocation mAb L8 in bone marrow cells).
- the hepatocytes isolated from rat liver by enzymatic perfusion are seeded on a monolayer already made up of marrow stromal cells. In 2-4 h the hepatocytes adhere, aggregate with each other, forming colonies of parenchymal cells with perfectly recognizable morphological characteristics, can be kept alive for about three weeks and actively secrete albumin. This confirms that the coculture signal mediated by the LRP protein is common to the 2 tissue categories: liver and bone marrow (Fig. 11).
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/204,417 US5859192A (en) | 1991-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | Factors for cellular functional regulation and biological applications thereof |
| EP92921013A EP0604584A1 (fr) | 1991-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | Facteurs de la regulation fonctionnelle cellulaire et leurs applications biologiques |
| JP5505833A JPH06510994A (ja) | 1991-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | 細胞機能調節因子及びその生物学的利用 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9111389A FR2681327B1 (fr) | 1991-09-16 | 1991-09-16 | Proteines capables notamment de constituer des facteurs de regulation fonctionnelle de la cellule et leurs applications biologiques. |
| FR91/11389 | 1991-09-16 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993006134A1 true WO1993006134A1 (fr) | 1993-04-01 |
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| PCT/FR1992/000867 WO1993006134A1 (fr) | 1991-09-16 | 1992-09-16 | Facteurs de la regulation fonctionnelle cellulaire et leurs applications biologiques |
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| US (1) | US5859192A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0604584A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH06510994A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2119003A1 (fr) |
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| WO (1) | WO1993006134A1 (fr) |
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| JP4136434B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-17 | 2008-08-20 | 進 清野 | インスリン産生細胞の誘導 |
| WO2009078022A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-25 | Izun Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Combinaisons synergiques de facteurs de croissance à des compositions d'herbes destinées à améliorer la réparation tissulaire |
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1992
- 1992-09-16 JP JP5505833A patent/JPH06510994A/ja active Pending
- 1992-09-16 EP EP92921013A patent/EP0604584A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-09-16 WO PCT/FR1992/000867 patent/WO1993006134A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-09-16 US US08/204,417 patent/US5859192A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-16 CA CA002119003A patent/CA2119003A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS vol. 92, no. 9 , 1 Novembre 1991, Philadelphia, PA, US; abstract no. 97586, G. BAFFET ET AL. 'DISTINCT EFFECTS OF CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION AND CORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE SYNTHESIS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CYTOKERATINS IN CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES.' page AB-291 ; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 104, no. 5, 3 Février 1986, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 32390j, J.-M. FRASLIN ET AL. 'DEPENDENCE OF HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION ON CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN PRIMARY CULTURE.' page 395 ; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 112, no. 5, 29 Janvier 1990, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 33895e, A. TINGSTROEM ET AL. 'DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF CELL SURFACE-ASSOCIATED CellCAM 105 IN CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES.' page 392 ; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 114, no. 19, 13 Mai 1991, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 182615g, U. HOPF ET AL. 'GLYCOPROTEINS OF RAT LIVER PLASMA MEMBRANES: THEIR HEPATOCELLULAR, INTESTINAL AND RENAL EXPRESSION IN RAT, RABBIT AND HUMAN.' page 503 ; * |
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA. vol. 83, no. 21, Novembre 1986, WASHINGTON US pages 8235 - 8239 W.J. GALLIN ET AL. 'ANTIBODIES TO LIVER CELL ADHESION MOLECULE PERTURB INDUCTIVE INTERACTIONS AND ALTER FEATHER PATTERN AND STRUCTURE.' cité dans la demande * |
| THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY vol. 115, no. 2, Octobre 1991, NEW YORK, N.Y., US pages 505 - 515 A. CORLU ET AL. 'A PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN IS INVOLVED IN CELL CONTACT-MEDIATED REGULATION OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC GENES IN ADULT HEPATOCYTES.' * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2681327B1 (fr) | 1993-12-24 |
| US5859192A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
| JPH06510994A (ja) | 1994-12-08 |
| CA2119003A1 (fr) | 1993-04-01 |
| EP0604584A1 (fr) | 1994-07-06 |
| FR2681327A1 (fr) | 1993-03-19 |
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