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WO1993006548A1 - Procede pour l'adaptation d'une application orientee objet - Google Patents

Procede pour l'adaptation d'une application orientee objet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993006548A1
WO1993006548A1 PCT/DE1992/000538 DE9200538W WO9306548A1 WO 1993006548 A1 WO1993006548 A1 WO 1993006548A1 DE 9200538 W DE9200538 W DE 9200538W WO 9306548 A1 WO9306548 A1 WO 9306548A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
application
stub
local
objects
remote
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1992/000538
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Meyer
Oliver Rothe
Franz Kneissl
Hans-Jürgen HUBMANN
Rüdiger BESS
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to US08/211,110 priority Critical patent/US5684955A/en
Priority to JP5505672A priority patent/JPH06510874A/ja
Priority to DE59202263T priority patent/DE59202263D1/de
Priority to EP92913509A priority patent/EP0604431B1/fr
Publication of WO1993006548A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993006548A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/547—Remote procedure calls [RPC]; Web services
    • G06F9/548—Object oriented; Remote method invocation [RMI]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/448—Execution paradigms, e.g. implementations of programming paradigms
    • G06F9/4488—Object-oriented
    • G06F9/449—Object-oriented method invocation or resolution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for adapting an object-oriented application so that it can be distributed over several operating system processes.
  • Object-oriented applications can be implemented by means of object-oriented programming.
  • An object-oriented system does not only consist of functions or procedures that call each other, for example when programming with the programming languages Fortran, Pascal, C, but also objects are provided that are defined by the programming languages Fortran, Pascal, C, but also objects are provided that are defined by the programming languages Fortran, Pascal, C, but also objects are provided that are defined by the programming languages Fortran, Pascal, C, but also objects are provided that are defined by the
  • An example of an object-oriented programming language is the programming language C ++, which was created by an extension of the widely used programming language C.
  • classes of objects are agreed by type definitions.
  • the objects are considered variables of a class type and are called instances of the class.
  • Each object has instance variables as a set of data.
  • the instance variables can only be accessed by means of certain functions which are defined in the respective class definition. These access functions assigned to the class are called methods of the class.
  • sending a message to an object is equivalent to calling a method for this object.
  • the programming language C ++ supports the inheritance of classes.
  • the instance variables and the methods of a class can be inherited from a derived class.
  • Methods of the base class can be declared with the keyword Virtual, so that these methods can be redefined in a derived class.
  • Objects are by pointers Can be referenced and generated dynamically, so that it can only be decided at runtime which implementation of a method is actually carried out.
  • applications are limited to exactly one process in the sense of the operating system.
  • problems can arise if the application exceeds a certain size, since operating system processes can only take on a limited size.
  • the size of a C ++ application is therefore limited without additional measures. From some areas of application, in particular automation technology and telecommunications, there are requirements which require the application to be divided up into a plurality of independent, separately executable and loadable operating system processes.
  • This object is achieved in a method for adapting an object-oriented application, which is based on several
  • Operating system processes can be distributed, a) with a preparation process for code substitution of the application's sources to be compiled according to a stub
  • a preferred method can be carried out with at least one of the following procedural steps of the preparation method: d) a class declaration of the sources is analyzed for the assignment of method identifications, so that methods of the classes of the application used can be clearly identified by means of the method identification, e) es the classes of the application are supplemented with a generic method, by means of which that method can be called locally during the process, which is identified by a parameter of the generic method in the form of the method identification, f) basic classes of the application are redefined.
  • bar-declared stub method added g) each of the calls provided during a run is replaced by a method for an object of the classes by a call of the stub method for the object provided during the run,
  • the method of the object is called up, h) auxiliary definitions for methods are generated, so that at least for each method of the application
  • a further preferred method can be carried out with at least one of the following method steps of the configuration method: k) a specific system configuration of the application is analyzed for a distribution of the objects as the instances of the application to the operating system processes of the application,) it becomes a generic one Instantiation function generated, by means of which a new object of the application can be instantiated during execution,
  • run files are generated by adding modules to the modules for each loadable unit
  • a further preferred method can be carried out with at least one of the following method steps of the communication method: r) the stub method is called locally for one of the objects, and in the event of a negative result, a local method call is made for the object, s) in the case of a positive result for the local call of the stub method for the object, it is made from the bound auxiliary definitions
  • the invention is based on the idea that the sources of the application to be compiled can be modified in a preparation process, in particular by means of a preprocessor, so that code substitution can be used to replace method calls with code sequences by means of which it can be decided during the process whether cross-process sending is possible a message is required or whether a local call should be made.
  • This can be achieved by generating auxiliary definitions for the methods, so that the use of these special files ensures that the system is consistent in the application.
  • This can also be achieved by using a stub concept in which stub methods and stub objects are used.
  • This can also be achieved by using an instantiation function and a delete function in a runtime system.
  • This can also be achieved by using a generic method in the course of a cross-process communication method, in which a method identification can be used to execute the method call identified thereby.
  • the programmer does not have to modify the sources himself.
  • the programmer can create the sources of the application using, for example, the language means of the C ++ programming language.
  • FIG. 1 shows a method according to the invention for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating system processes.
  • FIG. 2 shows another method for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating processes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a processing method for the method according to the invention for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating system processes.
  • FIG. 4 shows a configuration method for the method according to the invention for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating system processes.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-process communication method for the method according to the invention for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating system processes.
  • FIG. 6 shows a method call.
  • FIG. 7 shows a code sequence after a code substitution of the method call.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-process call for a message as part of the code sequence.
  • FIG. 9 shows a call to a stub method as part of the code sequence.
  • FIG. 1 shows, an exemplary embodiment for the method according to the invention for adapting an object-oriented application, which can be distributed over several operating system processes, consists of the method steps V100, V200, V300, V400, V500, V600, and V700.
  • Method step V100 is carried out.
  • the sources of the application to be compiled are created by the programmer.
  • Method step V200 is carried out.
  • a preparation procedure is carried out for the created sources of the application to be compiled.
  • a preprocessor can be provided to carry out the preparation process.
  • Class declarations of the application's sources are analyzed.
  • Method identifications are prepared.
  • the classes of the application are supplemented by the generic method.
  • the method calls in the sources of the application are modified by using code sequences instead of the method calls by means of code substitution. Auxiliary definitions for the methods of the application are generated.
  • Method step V300 is carried out.
  • the sources modified by the processing method are compiled.
  • Method step V400 follows. A configuration tion process carried out. A configuration file is analyzed. An instantiation function is generated. An erase function is generated. Auxiliary definitions for the methods of application are included. Run files are generated.
  • Method step V500 follows. A link procedure is carried out. Executable phases of the operating system processes are bound.
  • Method step V600 follows. The operating system processes of the application are executed.
  • Method step V700 follows. It is examined whether a configuration change is necessary. If this is the case, method step V400 follows. The configuration procedure is carried out again in accordance with the changed system configuration. This is followed by method step V500, in which the link method is carried out again. This is followed by method step V600, in which the application is run according to the changed system configuration.
  • FIG. 2 shows, there is an exemplary embodiment for another method for adapting an object-oriented
  • Method step V10 is carried out.
  • the sources of the application are created by a programmer. Depending on the division of the application into several operating system processes, the programmer explicitly enters the calls for cross-process communication in the sources of the application.
  • Method step V301 follows. The one from the programmer created sources are compiled.
  • Method step V501 follows.
  • the link procedure is carried out for the compiled sources of the application.
  • Method step V601 follows. The application runs.
  • Method step V701 follows. It is checked whether a configuration change is necessary. If this is the case, method step V801 follows. According to a new system configuration, the programmer modifies the sources of the application by explicitly inserting calls for cross-process communication in the sources according to the new distribution of the application to individual operating system processes. Method step V301 then follows again, in which the sources which have just been modified are compiled.
  • step V601 in which the application is run according to the new system configuration.
  • an exemplary embodiment for the preparation process of process step V200 consists of process steps V210, V220, V230, V235, V240, and
  • Method step V210 is carried out.
  • a class declaration of the sources of the application is analyzed for the assignment of method identifications, so that the methods of the classes of the application used can be uniquely identified system-wide by means of the method identification.
  • Method step V220 follows.
  • a protocol information file is prepared, in which auxiliary definitions for the methods of the application are contained, so that for each method of the application at least its class name, its method name, its parameter types, its parameter string for packing and unpacking parameters, and their method identification are defined.
  • Method step V230 follows.
  • the classes of the application are supplemented by the generic method.
  • the method identification can be used to call the method identified thereby.
  • Method step V235 follows.
  • the base classes of the application are supplemented by a redefinable declared stub method.
  • Method step V240 follows.
  • the method calls in the sources are modified by means of a code substitution.
  • Method step V250 follows.
  • the auxiliary definitions for the methods are generated and prepared in an auxiliary definition file.
  • an exemplary embodiment for the configuration method of method step V400 consists of method steps ⁇ V410, V420, V430, V440, and V450.
  • Method step V410 is carried out.
  • a specific system configuration of the application is analyzed using a configuration file, which is used to distribute the objects of the application to the operating system processes of the application.
  • Method step V420 follows. It will be a generic one Instantiation function generated, by means of which the objects of the application can be instantiated during execution.
  • Method step V430 follows. A generic delete function is generated, by means of which the instantiation of the application objects can be deleted.
  • Method step V440 follows. Modules for the auxiliary definitions for the methods of the application are bound.
  • Method step V450 follows. Runfiles are generated by linking modules for the instantiation function, for the delete function and for the auxiliary definitions for the methods of the application to the modules in each loadable unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as part of method step V600 there is an exemplary embodiment of method step V605 for a sequence for calling a method for an object of the application from method steps V610 to V680.
  • Method step V610 is carried out in a local process.
  • a local addressee is determined. In the case of a local object, this is the instance itself. In the case of a remote object, the local addressee is the associated stub object.
  • Method step V620 follows.
  • the stub method is called for the local addressee.
  • Method step V621 follows. It is checked whether the result when calling the stub method is positive for the local addressee.
  • method step V680 follows, and the method is called for the local addressee, which in this case is the instantiated local addressee Object.
  • method step V640 follows. The method identification of the method to be called is determined.
  • Method step V641 follows.
  • the remote addressee is determined, which in this case is the remotely instanced object.
  • Method step V642 follows. The parameters for the remote call of the method are packed.
  • Method step V670 follows. Interprocess communication (IPC) takes place between the local process and the remote process.
  • IPC Interprocess communication
  • Method step V650 follows in the remote process.
  • the parameters for calling the method are unpacked.
  • Method step V651 follows.
  • the local addressee is determined in the remote process. In this case, this is the object instantiated in the remote process.
  • Method step V652 follows. The generic method is called, in which the method to be called is determined using the method identification.
  • Method step V660 follows. The method for the object instantiated in the remote process is called.
  • the local process is continued after the remote process by means of the inter-process communication of step V670.
  • an exemplary embodiment for a local call of a method for an object consists of an object pointer, a method name and parameters.
  • the object pointer forms a reference to the object to which a message is being sent.
  • the method name is a name for the message.
  • the parameters form a parameter part for the message.
  • a preprocessor is to replace such a method call by means of a code substitution with a code sequence which also contains implicit calls for cross-process message exchange (IPC).
  • This code sequence should allow both process-local message exchange and extended message exchange across process boundaries.
  • FIG. 7 shows, an exemplary embodiment of such a code sequence consists of a local call to a stub method Vstub, so that if this call is positive, a form of the call which is expanded for interprocess communication (IPC) is provided, and that in the event of a negative result, a local method call is provided which is the same as the method call shown in FIG. 6, which is replaced by the code sequence shown in FIG. 7 for code substitution.
  • IPC interprocess communication
  • ⁇ Parameter string> character string for identifying parameters when packing and unpacking parameters
  • the method identification serves for the system-wide unique identification of methods for classes of the application.
  • a parameter string is provided, which is used in the form of a character string to identify parameters when packing and unpacking parameters.
  • an exemplary embodiment of such an expanded form of the call for interprocess communication contains a call to send the message across processes, an object pointer, a method identification, a parameter string and parameters.
  • IPC interprocess communication
  • Whether this call is actually activated is decided at runtime by evaluating the result, which is determined as a query by calling the stub method.
  • an exemplary embodiment for calling the stub method consists of an object pointer and the method name Vstub.
  • IPC interprocess communication
  • the code substitution is carried out according to simple rules, so that it can be automated and can be carried out, for example, by a tool.
  • stub objects should be present as stub objects instead of the real objects in a distributed application in those operating system processes which do not themselves contain a real object.
  • these stub objects are then available locally as contact persons and can either take over their tasks directly or pass on the required service to the real object.
  • These stub objects should behave exactly like the real objects compared to the other objects.
  • Such a task or a possible service is, for example, information as to whether a particular object is the instance itself or the stub object. If this is the instance itself, the message can be sent directly to the addressed object in the form common, for example, in the programming language C ++. Otherwise the stub object should provide all the necessary information about it in order to meet the corresponding requirements for the real object. to forward. If necessary, each object, including the stub objects, can provide information as to whether or not it is a stub object itself. For this purpose, a method, the stub method VstubO, is provided as a virtual method in the base class of all application classes. The inheritance mechanism automatically gives all objects in the application the ability to provide information about whether they are stub objects or real objects.
  • the stub method is provided in the base class of all application classes, which returns a negative result if activated.
  • the stub method must be redefinable, for example in the programming language C ++ the stub method contains the keyword virtual.
  • the stub method is redefined so that it returns a positive result. Accordingly, stub objects on the request VstubO according to the stub method deliver a different result than the non-stub objects, for which a default implementation comes into play.
  • a system configuration i.e. a distribution of the objects to operating system processes, only needs to be defined after the source programs have been compiled. Only at runtime should it be decided which message mechanism is to be used. This also applies to the process of instantiating classes and removing objects from the running system. This cannot be done statically by the compiler, but should be carried out by the runtime system.
  • the calls NEW and DELETE in the source are replaced by the functions of the preprocessor SX_NEWobj as an instantiation function and SX_DELETE as a delete function. These functions are carried out in the runtime system. These functions are linked to every loadable unit. You incorporate the information about whether an object should be locally or remotely distanced or deleted. Accordingly, during the instantiation, either the operator NEW is used, for example in the programming language C ++, or the instantiation of the object in another operating system process is initiated via the interprocess communication and only one stub object is generated locally.
  • the delete function decides at runtime whether the object to which it is applied is a stub object or a real object.
  • either the operator DELETE is used, for example, in the programming language C ++ or the deletion of the object in another operating system process is initiated via the interprocess communication and the stub object is deleted locally.
  • the implementation of the instantiation function and the delete function is generated on the basis of information in a configuration file.
  • method calls including calls to structures and destructors, go beyond process boundaries, so that these calls are to be converted into data that can be sent.
  • the methods of the classes used are identified by method identifications. These method identifications are, for example, uniquely assigned system-wide using a protocol information file and evaluated using the generic method that each object has.
  • the protocol information file forms a system-wide database of methods and their method identifications. This is evaluated with each code substitution and, if necessary, completed.
  • the protocol information party contains the following data for each method of the application:
  • each class used is expanded to include the generic method. This maps the method identifications to local method calls. Each method call from another process initially leads to a call of the generic method with the method identification as a parameter in the receiver process.
  • the parameters of the method call are packed and sent in a data structure.
  • the functions SX-SEND and the generic method are intended for packing and unpacking the parameters.
  • the function SX-SEND is passed coded information about method parameters, for example in the form of a string. This information string, ie the parameter string, is also prepared by the preprocessor when the code is substituted.
  • a processing method is used when the application is compiled, a configuration method is used when binding, and a communication method is used to call up methods for objects. If the system configuration is changed, it is not necessary to adapt the sources. This also applies to an expansion of the object-oriented application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Devices For Executing Special Programs (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une application orientée objet, un procédé de préparation est appliqué lors de la compilation des sources de l'application, un procédé de configuration est appliqué lors de l'édition de liens, et un procédé de communication lors du déroulement pour appeler des méthodes pour des objets. En cas de modification d'une configuration du système, une adaptation des sources n'est pas nécessaire. Cela est aussi valable dans le cas d'une extension de l'application orientée objet.
PCT/DE1992/000538 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 Procede pour l'adaptation d'une application orientee objet WO1993006548A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/211,110 US5684955A (en) 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 Process for distributing an object-oriented program over a plurality of operating system processes of a computer system
JP5505672A JPH06510874A (ja) 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 オブジェクト指向アプリケーションの適合化方法
DE59202263T DE59202263D1 (de) 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 Verfahren zur adaption einer objektorientierten applikation.
EP92913509A EP0604431B1 (fr) 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 Procede pour l'adaptation d'une application orientee objet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4131380A DE4131380A1 (de) 1991-09-20 1991-09-20 Verfahren zur adaption einer objektorientierten applikation
DEP4131380.1 1991-09-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993006548A1 true WO1993006548A1 (fr) 1993-04-01

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PCT/DE1992/000538 WO1993006548A1 (fr) 1991-09-20 1992-06-30 Procede pour l'adaptation d'une application orientee objet

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US (1) US5684955A (fr)
EP (1) EP0604431B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06510874A (fr)
DE (2) DE4131380A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993006548A1 (fr)

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EP0604431B1 (fr) 1995-05-17
US5684955A (en) 1997-11-04

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