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WO1993009027A1 - Helice elastomere a pales a c×ur souple - Google Patents

Helice elastomere a pales a c×ur souple Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993009027A1
WO1993009027A1 PCT/DK1992/000313 DK9200313W WO9309027A1 WO 1993009027 A1 WO1993009027 A1 WO 1993009027A1 DK 9200313 W DK9200313 W DK 9200313W WO 9309027 A1 WO9309027 A1 WO 9309027A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
propeller
blade
core
elastomer
blades
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1992/000313
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nils Oluf EHRENSKJÖLD
Original Assignee
Gori Af 1902 As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gori Af 1902 As filed Critical Gori Af 1902 As
Publication of WO1993009027A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993009027A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/26—Blades

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a propeller for e.g. a ship and having a central hub with a plurality of propeller blades.
  • Propellers for e.g. ships are extensively moulded either integrally or with hub and blades separately of metals, such as aluminium alloys, bronze and steel. After moulding the blades often have to undergo a relatively expensive subsequent working to obtain the close accuracy in terms of shape and the smooth surface necessary for the pro ⁇ peller to work with as low a friction as possible in the water. All the metals used have a great coefficient of elasticity causing the blades to be stiff and maintain their shape unchanged under practically all conceivable conditions of operation.
  • Some of the em ⁇ ployed metals are moreover not particularly corrosion re ⁇ sistant to sea water. This applies e.g. to the aluminium alloy used for a ship's propeller known from US Patent 3 744 931, which is therefore protected against corroding attacks by the sea water by means of a thin vulcanized rubber layer.
  • US Patent 2 473 665 describes a propeller which, within certain limits, is capable of withstanding shocks and im ⁇ pacts from objects which the propeller might strike in the water during rotation.
  • the blades of this propeller con ⁇ sist of rubber which merely yields elastically if the blade is struck, and immediately again assumes the origi ⁇ nal shape.
  • the blades are reinforced with some wires. However, this reinforcement is not sufficient to absorb the loads that occur in operation of the great majority of ships, and the reinforcement type cannot be used either for selectively controlling the deformation of the blades in response to the load.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a propeller of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which can be moulded to finished size with a smooth and even surface that does not require expensive after-treatment.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a propeller of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which per se is capable of reducing the propeller noise and absorb ⁇ ing and damping shock pulses from the reaction forces of the water, and which can moreover withstand shocks and impacts from objects in the water or on the bottom to a considerable extent without being permanently deformed.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a propeller of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which is corrosion resistant to e.g. sea water.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide a propeller of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which, by simple means, can safely and effectively adjust the pitch of the blades optimally to any state of operation in re- sponse to the instantaneous load on the propeller.
  • the blades of the propeller are composed of an elastomer having a flexible core which extends from the hub over a considerable portion of the area of each blade and consists of a material having a greater coefficient of elasticity than the elastomer, e.g. fibre reinforced plastics or metal.
  • the elastomer imparts to the blades corrosion resistance and a smooth surface as well as the ability to dampen shock pulses and absorb im ⁇ pacts without permanent deformations.
  • the core imparts to the blades strength and oriented flexibility to control the pitch of the blades in response to the load.
  • the elastomer may advantageously be a natural or synthetic rubber which is vulcanized firmly on the core so as to provide an intimate and long-lasting connection between the core and the rubber.
  • the rubber may moreover be fibre reinforced, and in special advantageous embodiment there may be an inner fibre reinforced layer of rubber to stiffen the blade and an outer soft layer of rubber to improve the impact and shock absorbing properties of the propeller.
  • this rubber covering may ad- vantageously be integral with the rubber covering on the rest of the blades, whose core simultaneously extends into the elastomer of the blades to give the blade a suffici ⁇ ently high bending stiffnes over the swing axis of the blades.
  • the flexible core may advantageously be constructed as a plate which extends over the area of the blade to a limit curve spaced from the periphery of the blade, thereby forming along said periphery a non-stiffened area having a particularly great flexibility. This entails that the blade edges can easily be bent in the flow direction by the water pressure, thereby reducing the turbulence and the flow resistance which the blade meets in the water.
  • the flexible plate may e.g. be made of fibre reinforced plastics, which, in a known manner, has obtained the ani ⁇ sotropic properties necessary to control the pitch of the blade in response to the load, by means of the selective position and orientation of the fibre reinforcement. How- ever, these anisotropic properties can also be obtained by corrugating the plate with folds radiating into the plate from its end positioned closest to the axis of rotation. This entails that the arrangement of the fibre reinforce ⁇ ment is no longer a critical factor. It is moreover pos- sible to use metals, such as spring steel, which have a great strength and are simultaneously very flexible when the plates employed are thin.
  • the blade can be given the intended rigidity in the direction of the folds and the intended flexibility transversely to this direction.
  • the desired effect can be obtained by means of a single corru ⁇ gated plate of this type, while in case of larger propel ⁇ lers and larger loads it may be necessary to stiffen the rubber covering with several plates.
  • the rubber covering can easily be vulcanized on the plate by means of known methods.
  • the plate may be perforated so as to provide a mutual bond between the rubber coverings on the two sides of the plate through the perforated holes in the plate.
  • the plate edge may tend to cut the rubber co ⁇ vering. This problem is obviated by providing the plate edge with serrations or waves so as to form an even and soft transition between the rigid plate and the softer rubber.
  • fig. 1- is a partially sectional end view of a fraction of a propeller having three blades, each of which is composed of a fibre reinforced core with a rubber covering on both sides,
  • fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in fig. 1,
  • fig. 3 shows a section along the line III-III in fig. 1
  • fig. 4 is a partially sectional end view of a fraction of a propeller having three blades, each of which is composed of a corrugated metal core having a firmly vulcanized rub ⁇ ber covering on both sides
  • 5 fig. 5 shows a section along the line V-V in fig. 4,
  • fig. 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI in fig. 4,
  • 10 fig. 7 is a sectional side view through a folding propel ⁇ ler blade which is composed of a corrugated metal core having a rubber covering on both sides,
  • fig. 8 shows a section along the line VIII-VIII in fig. 7,
  • fig. 10 is a perspective view of the core shown in fig. 7,
  • fig. 17 shows a fraction of an axial section through a propeller blade according to the invention in astern con- 25 figuration
  • fig. 18- shows a section along the line XVIII-XVIII in fig. 17,
  • fig- 19 shows the propeller blade of fig. 17 in an un ⁇ loaded state
  • fig. 20 shows a section along the line XX-XX in fig. 19,
  • fig. 21 shows the propeller blade of fig. 7 in forward configuration
  • fig. 22 shows a section along the line XXII-XXII in fig. 21.
  • Figs. 1-3 show a typical structure of an elastomer pro- peller according to the invention for a ship.
  • the propeller which is generally designated 1
  • the propeller has three propeller blades 3 which are firmly arranged on a hub 2 for the mounting of a propeller on the drive shaft of the ship.
  • the blades are composed of a core 4 and a rubber co- vering 5, which is fixedly adhered or vulcanized on the core.
  • the blades are screw-shaped with a radially outwardly de ⁇ creasing pitch, as appears from figs. 2 and 3, which more ⁇ over show that the blades have an airfoil profile.
  • the core 4 is moulded in one piece of fibre reinforced plastics with a profile following the profile of the blade at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the rubber covering.
  • the core is manufactured in the manner known from the manufacture of fibre reinforced plastics propellers, whose blades have anisotropic proper ⁇ ties for flexibly changing the pitch in response to the propeller load.
  • Figs. 4-6 show a second embodiment of a propeller accord ⁇ ing to the invention.
  • This propeller which is generally designated 6, has a rubber covering 10 with the same outer shape as the propeller shown in figs. 1-3, but the fibre reinforced plastics core is now replaced by a relatively thin corrugated plate, whose folds radiate outwardly in the plate from that one of its ends which is closest to the axis of rotation.
  • the blade can be given the intended rigidity transversely to the direction of rotation and also obtain a flexibility permitting the blade to twist and bend in response to the propeller load, so that the pitch of the blade is automa ⁇ tically adjusted optimally to the instantaneous state of operation.
  • each blade has its se ⁇ parate core which extends into and is retained by the rub- ber part of the hub.
  • the core may also be directly connected with the bushing 11 by means of e.g. welding, soldering, glueing, screwing or riveting.
  • the corrugated plate core may be made of any suitable material. Thus, the core shown in figs.
  • the core 1-3 may be made of plastics with a fibre reinforcement, whose po ⁇ sition and orientation, however, are not critical since the anisometric properties of the core are primarily established by means of the corrugation.
  • the core may also advantageously be made of metal, such a spring steel, which has a very high yield point and can therefore be used for plate-shaped cores which are so thin that in spite of the great coefficient of elasticity of the mate ⁇ rial the plate is nevertheless extremely flexible.
  • the core When the core is of e.g. spring steel, it is typically manufactured by means of punching and pressing operations requiring relatively expensive tools. However, the tool costs can be reduced considerably when, as shown in fig. 4, use is made of separate cores that can be employed for all the blades in the same propeller and for propellers with a different number of blades.
  • the plate-shaped cores When a propeller is to be manufactured, the plate-shaped cores are first posi ⁇ tioned in a mould together with a bushing, following which the mould is filled with a rubber mass than can be vulca- nized together with the cores and the bushings to an inte ⁇ grated unit which constitutes the finished propeller, practically without any after-treatment.
  • the surface of the propeller is an accurate cast of the surface of the mould, and for the permanent production of propellers hav ⁇ ing a fine and smooth surface it is therefore just neces- sary to manufacture a mould once and for all which has such a surface.
  • Figs. 7-10 show a folding propeller blade which is gene ⁇ rally designated 15 and which is constructed in principle in the same manner as shown in figs. 4-6 with a core 16, which is surrounded by a rubber covering 17, but which in this case has a sufficient plate thickness and weight to ensure the deflections of the blades and is provided with waves instead of folds.
  • the blade is intended for folding propellers of the type described in the applicant's pre ⁇ viously mentioned Danish patent applications 1392/91 and 1393/91.
  • the innermost end part 18 of the propeller blades which is located in the hub and carries the engagement means for synchronization of the pivotal movements of the blades, is provide with a rubber covering which, in the shown embodiment, merges into the rubber covering of the actual plate.
  • Figs. 11-16 in cross-section show a plurality of examples of how a propeller blade according to the invention can be constructed.
  • the blade in fig. 11 corresponds to the blade shown in figs. 1-3 with a core 4 of fibre reinforced plas- tics and a rubber covering 5.
  • the fibre rein ⁇ forced plastics core is replaced by a relatively thick plate-shaped core of e.g. spring steel.
  • the core is sur ⁇ rounded by a rubber covering 21.
  • This structure is ex ⁇ tremely simple and inexpensive to manufacture and is suit- able where a relatively stiff blade capable of withstand ⁇ ing hugh loads is required.
  • a more flexible blade is shown in fig. 13, in which the core 22 consists of a relatively thin plate of e.g.
  • Fig. 15 corresponds to the embodi ⁇ ment shown in figs. 4-6 with a corrugated core 9 of e.g. spring steel and a rubber covering 10.
  • Fig. 16 shows a structure similar to the one in fig.
  • the inner rubber layer 29 which may e.g. be of fibre reinforced rubber, in coaction with the core 28, serves to adapt the bending ri ⁇ gidity of the blade to precisely the desired magnitude, while the outer soft rubber layer 30 serves to absorb shock pulses from the frequently violently turbulent water flow that surrounds the propeller. This considerably re ⁇ symbolizes the noise generated by the propeller in operation, and the vibrations which propagate via the propeller and the drive shaft into the hull.
  • the inner rubber layer 29 serves as a kind of lattice reinforcement between the folds of the core, which without this rein ⁇ forcement would not have a sufficiently great bending rigidity transversely to the profile when a thin plate is used.
  • a carcass of e.g. canvas may be incorporated to streng ⁇ then the blades additionally.
  • Figs. 17-22 show how a propeller 31 is deformed in typical situations that occur in operation.
  • the blade 31 has a corrugated, plate-shaped core 32 surrounded by a rubber covering 33 which is moulded firmly around the bushing 34 of e.g. bronze for mounting the propeller on a drive shaft (not shown).
  • Figs. 19, 20 show the propeller in an un ⁇ loaded state where the blades are not deformed, and the propeller has its original shape as supplied from the fac ⁇ tory.
  • Figs. 17, 18 show the propeller when going astern where the ship sails in the direction shown by the arrow in fig. 17 and the propeller rotates in the direction shown by the arrow in fig. 18.
  • the reaction forces on the propeller act in an opposite direction to the arrows.
  • the blade is geome ⁇ trically designed in a manner such that the centre of gra- vity of the reaction forces is closer to the trailing edge of the profile than the main axis of twist of the blade. Therefore, when going astern the water pressure twists and bends the blade in a manner such that the pitch increases and the shape of the profile is advantageously changed.
  • the propeller blade now has a shape where the propeller can also work with great efficiency when going astern in contrast to propellers having rigid blades, which are primarily adapted for providing satisfactory efficiency when going ahead at relatively great speeds of rotation. Therefore, these propellers must necessarily have a rather small pitch to avoid cavitation. Figs.
  • the elastomeric propellers of the invention in addition to the above-mentioned advantageous properties and ef ⁇ fects, have the natural corrosion resistance of the rubber to e.g. sea water. Furthermore, the propellers withstand impacts and shocks from objects in the water or on the sea bottom considerably better than the conventional struc- tures without receiving permanent deformations. If de ⁇ formed, both the rubber covering and the core just deform resiliently and immediately again assume the original shape.
  • the elastomeric propeller of the invention is described above and shown in the drawing as a propeller for a ship. This, however, is just an example, since the propeller may equally well be used for many other purposes within the scope of the invention where the advantageous properties and effects of the propeller can be utilized, e.g. tur ⁇ bines and ventilators.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Hélice destinée, par exemple, à un navire et dotée d'un moyeu (7) portant une pluralité de pales (8). Chaque pale (8) est constituée d'un élastomère, par exemple du caoutchouc (10), possédant un c÷ur souple (9) pouvant être constitué d'une plaque ondulée et relativement mince d'acier pour ressorts. Le c÷ur (9) et une bague (11) de moyeu, par exemple en bronze, sont moulés et vulcanisés de manière qu'ils fassent corps et qu'ils constituent une unité formant, sans qu'on la soumette à un traitement supplémentaire coûteux, une hélice à surface lisse et à consistance telle qu'elle peut absorber et amortir les chocs et les sollicitations dus aux forces réactionnelles de l'eau. L'ondulation de la pale a la forme de plis s'étendant vers l'extérieur à partir du moyeu. Même lorsque la plaque constituant le c÷ur est mince, la pale a une rigidité suffisante dans un sens transversal au sens de rotation de l'hélice, tandis que ladite pale peut se déformer et fléchir lorsqu'elle subit une sollicitation, le pas de la pale étant ainsi optimisé en fonction de l'état instantané de fonctionnement.
PCT/DK1992/000313 1991-10-30 1992-10-29 Helice elastomere a pales a c×ur souple WO1993009027A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK179891A DK179891D0 (da) 1991-10-30 1991-10-30 Elastomerpropel med fleksibel bladkaerne
DK1798/91 1991-10-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993009027A1 true WO1993009027A1 (fr) 1993-05-13

Family

ID=8108126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1992/000313 WO1993009027A1 (fr) 1991-10-30 1992-10-29 Helice elastomere a pales a c×ur souple

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2941492A (fr)
DK (1) DK179891D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993009027A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4423115A1 (de) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-04 Wolf Hirth Gmbh Propellerflügel aus Kunststoffmaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US6763899B1 (en) 2003-02-21 2004-07-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Deformable blades for downhole applications in a wellbore
WO2005102831A1 (fr) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-03 Ab Volvo Dispositif a surfaces de sustentation rotatives presentant un vrillage et un profil de cambrure selectionnes
WO2008075981A1 (fr) 2006-12-19 2008-06-26 Cwf Hamilton & Co Limited Roue centrifuge d'unité de jet d'eau
GB2578281A (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-05-06 Teignbridge Propellers International Ltd Blade hub assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110683027B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2022-05-20 哈尔滨工程大学 船舶螺旋桨桨叶破损后的应急减振装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1384308A (en) * 1917-10-23 1921-07-12 William Hendry Barker Airplane-screw
US2251887A (en) * 1938-06-13 1941-08-05 Master Electric Co Flexible fan unit
US2276262A (en) * 1939-06-27 1942-03-10 United Aircraft Corp Composite propeller
US2383342A (en) * 1941-10-21 1945-08-21 William H Riley Hollow propeller
US3256939A (en) * 1965-01-11 1966-06-21 Matthew J Novak Marine propeller

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1384308A (en) * 1917-10-23 1921-07-12 William Hendry Barker Airplane-screw
US2251887A (en) * 1938-06-13 1941-08-05 Master Electric Co Flexible fan unit
US2276262A (en) * 1939-06-27 1942-03-10 United Aircraft Corp Composite propeller
US2383342A (en) * 1941-10-21 1945-08-21 William H Riley Hollow propeller
US3256939A (en) * 1965-01-11 1966-06-21 Matthew J Novak Marine propeller

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 7, No. 116, M216; & JP,A,58 036 794, 03-03-1983, (ISHIKAWAJIMA HARIMA JUKOGYO K.K.). *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4423115A1 (de) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-04 Wolf Hirth Gmbh Propellerflügel aus Kunststoffmaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US6763899B1 (en) 2003-02-21 2004-07-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Deformable blades for downhole applications in a wellbore
WO2005102831A1 (fr) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-03 Ab Volvo Dispositif a surfaces de sustentation rotatives presentant un vrillage et un profil de cambrure selectionnes
US7040940B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2006-05-09 Ab Volvo Rotatable lifting surface device having selected pitch distribution and camber profile
WO2008075981A1 (fr) 2006-12-19 2008-06-26 Cwf Hamilton & Co Limited Roue centrifuge d'unité de jet d'eau
US8210885B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2012-07-03 Cwf Hamilton & Co. Limited Waterjet unit impeller
AU2007334744B2 (en) * 2006-12-19 2012-08-30 Cwf Hamilton & Co Limited Waterjet unit impeller
GB2578281A (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-05-06 Teignbridge Propellers International Ltd Blade hub assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK179891D0 (da) 1991-10-30
AU2941492A (en) 1993-06-07

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