[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1993014046A1 - Melange d'engrais et procede de production de ce melange d'engrais - Google Patents

Melange d'engrais et procede de production de ce melange d'engrais Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993014046A1
WO1993014046A1 PCT/NO1993/000012 NO9300012W WO9314046A1 WO 1993014046 A1 WO1993014046 A1 WO 1993014046A1 NO 9300012 W NO9300012 W NO 9300012W WO 9314046 A1 WO9314046 A1 WO 9314046A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sludge
product
nitrogen
ppm
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1993/000012
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Peter Harris
Odd Egil Solheim
Ola ØYEN
Original Assignee
Cambi As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cambi As filed Critical Cambi As
Publication of WO1993014046A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993014046A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a product consisting o soluble and fermentable organic compounds and inorgani nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, suitable for use as carbon source for fermentation and as rapidly actin fertiliser and soil improvement agents t and a method fo production of such products.
  • the present invention shows that there exists a synergisti effect between water soluble organic substances and fertili sing stocks, which makes it possible for the latter to remai for a longer time in the soil without being washed out tha is the case when the organic substances are not present This is an important factor in limiting the effluence o fertilising stocks into water systems and groundwater.
  • the present invention show how such growth enhancing and effluent-limiting mixtures ca also be produced from biological sludge by means of a nove and advantageous mode of treatment.
  • State-of-the art methods for treatment of biological sludges etc. aim to a): destroy pathogenic microorganisms that ma be present in the sludge; b): remove unpleasant odours an c): convert a dewatered sludge "cake" containing typicall 15-25$ solids to a composted material also containin typically 20-25$ solids.
  • a typical composting plant entails a treatment period of at least 14 days, during which time the sludge must be mecha ⁇ nically turned, aerated and maintained at a temperature of about 30°C. The product so made must then be "matured" for a period of 4-6 weeks. Such plants require a considerable capital investment and a large site area.
  • the materials made in this way have the* ⁇ severe disadvantage in that their properties and behaviour in many respects resemble the sludge from which they are made.
  • Their dry matter contents of compounds of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead and potentially toxic light metals such as aluminium are identical to that of the sludge from which they are made and they cannot be .pumped.
  • a further consequence of ii) is that sewage treatment plants will be required to reduce the amount of nitrogen compounds released to the environment during their course of opera ⁇ tions. This is expected to lead to demands for denitrifi- cation of waste water leaving such plants.
  • the most usual denitrification method consists of causing microorganisms to multiply in the said waste water and thereby convert the soluble nitrogen either to cell tissue or nitrogen gas. This requires the presence of a carbon source, i.e. a water soluble, metabolisable, carbonaceous compound, which often must be added to the waste prior to or during denitrifi ⁇ cation.
  • No state-of-the-art sludge derived product is suitable for use as a carbon source for denitrification.
  • the present invention relates to a completely new method of treating sewage sludge and other biological sludge wherein all the major problems connected with treatment of such sludge are solved.
  • the products according to the invention are characterized that they contain water soluble compounds of nitrogen a phosphorus that are rapidly acting fertilisers, and that t content of nutrients leach slowly from the soil, where t water soluble nitrogen is in the form of urea and ammoni salts, and that the product contains between 5 and 25$. weight of nitrogen.
  • the products either liquid or dried, contain respectivel between 15$ and 30$ by weight or more than 50$ by weight of water soluble fermentable carbon source and are produc from organic sludge.
  • the weight ratio of nitrogen to carbo the latter in the form of fermentable subtstances is fro 1:1 to 1:10, and preferably between 1:2 and 1:5.
  • the products may be used as a carbon source for, e.g. denitrification of effluent streams from sewage treatmen plants, ethanol production or the growing of proteinaceou microorganisms for use in animal feedstuffs.
  • the products' content of cadmium is below 5 ppm, the conten of mercury is below 2 pp, and the content of lead is below 2 ppm.
  • the invention also relates to a method for production of th above products, characterized in that organic sludge from e.g., sewage treatment plants, plants that treat waste wate from the chemical, paper and pulp industries, food-relate industries, animal husbandy, etc., is heated to at leas 180°C and preferably between 210°C and 230°C for at least minutes, and preferably between 3 and 7 minutes.
  • organic sludge from e.g., sewage treatment plants, plants that treat waste wate from the chemical, paper and pulp industries, food-relate industries, animal husbandy, etc.
  • the process is catalyzed by addition to the sludge of inorganic acids, e.g. , sulphuric acid, added in an amount such that the pH of the product is less than or equal to 1.5, and preferably between 0.5 and 1.0.
  • the process may be catalyzed by use of metallic salts, which are water soluble compounds of iron (III) and/or aluminium, in an amount of at least 100 -ppm, and preferably at least 200 ppm, based on ingoing sludge.
  • metallic salts which are water soluble compounds of iron (III) and/or aluminium, in an amount of at least 100 -ppm, and preferably at least 200 ppm, based on ingoing sludge.
  • metallic ions from groups 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6b, 7b and 8 in the periodic table are removed by precipitation.
  • the precipitating reagent has value as a plant nutrient and consists of ammonia, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate, potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate or mixtures of these.
  • the precipitating reagent is added stepwise such that certain flocculants added to the raw sludge liquors in order to precipitate particulate matter therefrom can be recovered from the sterile product and reused.
  • These flocculants consist of iron (III) and/or aluminium salts recovered by precipitation at pH below 4.5, in order to minimise the coprecipitation of undesirable metals such as hydroxides.
  • the precipitating reagent optionally consists in whole or in part of calcium hydroxide.
  • the volume of the materials containing organic compounds after treatment is reduced by 1/3 or more of the volume prior to treatment.
  • Figure 1 shows a flow sheet of an embodiment of the meth according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a sketch of a column for determination nitrogen leaching.
  • Figure 1 is shown a flow sheet for a_n embodiment of t process in accordance with the invention.
  • Sludge containing at least 10$ and preferably 15$ or mo particulates is mixed with a quantity of reactor produc typically 20-35$ by volume, such that it is rendered easi pumpable and a quantity of mineral acid, preferably sulphur acid, added such that the pH of the resultant mixture below 1.5, preferably 0.5-0.8, this typically requiring 2 50gm sulphuric acid per kg dry matter.
  • a quantity of reactor produc typically 20-35$ by volume such that it is rendered easi pumpable and a quantity of mineral acid, preferably sulphur acid, added such that the pH of the resultant mixture below 1.5, preferably 0.5-0.8, this typically requiring 2 50gm sulphuric acid per kg dry matter.
  • Fe (III) and Al (III) together is if necessa adjusted such that it is equivalent to at least 200 ppm dry matter.
  • the amount required will vary according to t type of sludge, the figures above being representative f sewage sludge.
  • the resulting mixture is heated to at least 180°C a preferably between 210 and 245°C for a period of at least and preferably 3-5 minutes, as a result of which it i converted to the reactor product, a low viscosity dispersio containing 2-5$ by weight particulates.
  • the particulates are allowed to settle and any immiscibl oils float to the surface whereupon both are removed int separate containers.
  • the particulates are concentrated in filter to a filter cake containing as much dry matter a possible, typically at least 40$ by weight.
  • the pH of the clear, aqueous phase is then adjusted, e.g with ammonia or alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide, first t 4.0 ⁇ 0.4 and then to 7.5 ⁇ 0.5, the precipitated matte being removed after each pH-adjustment.
  • the resulting clear fluid is then subjected to evaporation until it contains a least 20 and preferably at least 30 weight$ dissolved solids.
  • finely divided calcium hydroxide and/or carbonate can be used as preci- pitants.
  • Dewatered biological sludge containing at least 10$ by weight solid phase is led into a mixing tank A where an acid, preferably sulphuric acid, is added in an amount of at least lOg and typically between 20 and 50g per kg dry matter together with a quantity of product from the reactor (see above), typically 10-40$ by weight of the ingoing sludge.
  • the purpose of the latter is to convert the original sludge into an easily pumpable dispersion.
  • tank A is provided with an outlet, such that gas leaving the tank can be led, e.g. , to admixture with boiler feed air or to an ad ⁇ sorption tower. All parts of the tank and mixer/impellor are constructed of acid resistant materials.
  • an amount of aluminium and/or iron (III) salt preferably in the form of sulphate, should be added in order to obtain this concentra ⁇ tion.
  • the mixing tank should have a capacity corresponding to at least 1 hr production of sludge.
  • the dispersion from tank A is pumped into the first holding tank, B, whose purpose is to ensure a regular flow of fluid into the reactor. All parts of the holding tank an mixer/impellor are constructed of acid resistant materials.
  • the first holding tank should have a capacity correspondin to at least 2 hrs. production of sludge.
  • Part of the fluid leaving the reactor passes into the settling tank, D and part is returned to the mixing tank A via pipe b.
  • Tank D The purpose of the settling tank, D, is to allow residual particulates to settle and fatty acids, which might otherwise cause foam formation later in the process, to float to the surface.
  • Tank D is furnished with a skimming device, which can be a suitably located bleed pipe, in order to remove floating substances (including plastic remnants), oils and fats, to a storage tank, E.
  • Matter settling at the base of tank D is pumped to a filter, F, either directly or by way of a drum filter.
  • the clear fluid in the center of tank D is pumped into the first pH-regulating tank, G.
  • Tank D must be constructed of an acid resistant material and should have a capacity equivalent to at least 6 and prefer ⁇ ably at least 12 hours of sludge production.
  • the purpose of the main filter F is to remove as much as possible of the water soluble materials from the residual particulates. Fluid pressed out of the filter is pumped vi pipe c to the first pH-regulating tank, G.
  • the filter cake from F will typically contain 10-30$ of th ingoing sludge's dry matter and will typically contain 40-60 by weight dry matter. Its composition will vary greatl according to the type of sludge from which it is derived Typical dry matter analyses show a filter cake from domesti sewage sludge treated in accordance with the invention, t consist of 20-40$ by weight of ash forming substances (mainl silicates and calcium compounds), 40-60$ by weight o insoluble organics, presumably cellulose, and 5-15$ by weigh of water soluble materials from the entrained aqueous phase
  • the heavy metal content of such filter cakes will b proportionate to the amount of entrained aqueous phase, i.e typically 10-30$ of the concentration of such metals in th raw sludge.
  • This material can be used as a soil improvement agent.
  • the purpose of the first pH-regulating tank, G is to adjus the pH such that a greater part of aluminium and iron (III salts, useful as flocculating agents for raw sludge liquors are precipitated whilst at the same time avoiding majo coprecitation of undersirable heavy metals.
  • the optimum p range where this occurs is between 3.5 and 4.5; the highe the pH, the greater the yield but also the greater the ris for coprecipitation of heavy metals.
  • the choice of first pH regulation level will therefore depend upon the ingoin sludge's content of heavy metals, but will in any event fal within the abovementioned range.
  • Precipitant can be chosen from the following: an alkali meta hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, ammonia * or ammoniu carbonate.
  • Ammonia gas is the precipitant of choice as it i cheap, easy to use, does not add water to the system an enhances the plant nutrient value of the end product.
  • a excellent alternative to ammonia is however leachant fro wood ash where this is available.
  • Potash, i.e. potassiu carbonate should be preferred where ingoing cadmium or mercury levels are high (>100 ppm or >10 ppm dry matter, res pectively), in order to reduce the risk of soluble heav metal amines forming.
  • Calcium hydroxide can be used as precipitant for sludges low in phosphate.
  • the mixed metal hydroxides precipitating in tank G are removed through a pipe, d, in the base of the tank and filtered e.g. in a bag filter. Filtrate is pumped to the second pH-adjustment tank, H, whilst the residue is dissolved in mineral acid, chosen from sulphuric or hydrochloric acid and reused as flocculant.
  • the purpose of the second pH-regulating tank, H is to adjust the pH such that a greater part of heavy metal components are precipitated.
  • the optimum pH range where this occurs is between 6.5 and 8.5, dependent upon the choice of preci ⁇ pitant, but the pH will in any event fall within the abovementioned range.
  • Precipitant can be chosen from the following: an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, ammonia or ammonium carbonate. Whilst ammonia can also be used as precipitant here, potash, i.e. potassium carbonate is the precipitant of choice for products arising from sludge high in heavy metals, as it ensures maximum precipitation of such metals at pH 7 (as carbonates), reduces the risk of soluble cadmium complex formation and contributes to the plant nutrient value of the end product. Leachant from wood ash, where this is avail ⁇ able, is an excellent alternative to potash. Calcium hydroxide can also be used as precipitation reagent for sludges low in phosphate.
  • the mixed heavy metal rich precipitate leaves the tank through pipe e and is pumped into a filtering device e.g. a bag filter.
  • the filtrate is pumped to the evaporators, and the residue disposed of e.g. in an approved dump sit
  • This residue's dry matter amounts typically, in the case of sewage sludge, to about 1$ by weight of ingoing sludge d matter.
  • the first and second pH-regulating tanks, G and H respec tively, can be combined in a single stage precipitation i the case of a) small plants ( ⁇ 5000 tons/yr. ingoing dr matter) and/or b) where the heavy metal content is low (e. Cd ⁇ 1.5 ppm dry matter) and/or c) where aluminium containin substances are used as flocculants in the form of aluminates
  • the residue can be washed at pH 10.5 ⁇ e.g. with a solution of sodium hydroxide so as specificall to remove aluminium as aluminate.
  • the aqueous phase can be treated with precipitation reagent specially chosen for this purpose, e.g Degussa R TMT 15.
  • evaporators I j _ and I2 respectively, i to reduce the volume of product leaving the plant and t yield a stable aqueous phase whose osmotic pressure potentia is such that microorganisms cannot multiply.
  • dissolved solids content of about 20$ is sufficient to mee the latter requirement, the costs related to transport an associated areas dictate that the aqueous phase shoul contain rather more solids, typically 30$ by weight or more.
  • the aqueous phase from many types of biological sludge including that from abattoirs, sewage treatment plants an food industry plants, will contain fatty acids. These fatt acids will not be completely removed in the settling tank, D due to their slight solubility in water and will be converte to soaps at pH greater than about 3, i.e. during the first p adjustment stage. These soaps are highly effective surfac tants and will cause foaming in an incorrectly designe evaporator, e.g. an evaporator where boiling takes place wit bubble formation. We have therefore found it prudent to us thin-film evaporators or spray driers in order to reduce th volume of liquid.
  • the steam from the evaporators will contain small amounts of organic compounds, primarily furfural. This should preferably be condensed and returned to the first settling basin in the biological treatment plant where it will provide an easily accessible carbon source and thereby assist denitrification processes.
  • the product storage tank J contains that portion of ingoing dry matter, for sewage sludge typically 3/5, that has been converted into water soluble compounds at pH 7.5 ⁇ 0.5, concentrated to 30-40 weight$ dry matter. This represents a considerable reduction in volume, which in turn is parti ⁇ cularly valuable in cold climates, as such products need to be stored for a period of up to 6 months before they can be used.
  • the plant described above is highly compact and can be accommodated in a roofed building area, exclusive of offsites for energy production, of ca. 200 m 2 for a plant with capacity 15,000 tons/yr., 20$ dry matter. Finished product storage does not require a roofed building. In the case of sewage sludge, roughly 1/4 to l/7th of t dry matter is removed in the settling and pH adjustment ste respectively, leaving the remaining ca. 3/5 plus add chemicals in solution.
  • the filter cake from the main filter, F contains partial hydrolysed cellulose, soluble carbon sources and essenti plant nutrients (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen), whi contains considerably less heavy metals than the sludge fr which it is derived.
  • the cake's low pH renders it incapabl of being broken down by microorganisms.
  • oils primarily saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that are removed from tank D and stored in tank E, can b used in the manufacture of soaps and surfactants and as component in animal fodder. They can also be dissolved in small quantity of alkali and used as carbon source fo denitrification purposes.
  • the hydroxide sludge will contain metals other than alkal and alkaline earth metals. Where two stage precipitation i employed, Fe (III) and Al (III) will constitute by far th major portion of the sludge precipitated at pH 4. These ca be dissolved preferably in sulphuric acid for reuse a flocculent. Where a single stage precipitation is employed Al (III) can be recovered as aluminate by washing with alkal at pH >10.
  • the dissolved solids in the liquid from the evaporators, 1 and ⁇ 2 respectively, contain primarily alkali metal and/o ammonium phosphates, alkali metal and/or ammonium sulphate and water soluble carbonaceous materials, primarily carbo hydrates and their derivatives.
  • This liquid can be used as a carbon source for denitrification or as a unique combined fertiliser and soil improvement agent.
  • the product can also be spray dried to a pelletisable water soluble powder containing ca. 90 $ dry matter.
  • composition of the product from the,- evaporators 1* ⁇ and 12 will vary according to the sludge employed and the choice of processing characteristics within the scope of the invention.
  • sewage sludge based products made by state-of-the-art technologies typically contain 20-25$ dry ' matter and 1-2$ nitrogen (compost) or 85-95$ dry matter and 4-7 weight$ nitrogen (pellets), the nitrogen being slowly available organic compounds (proteins), the product made in accordance with the invention from the same sludge will contain at least 20$ and generally at least 30$ by weight dry matter, of which about 1/3 is inorganic materials, part of which is rapidly available nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate.
  • the product made by spray drying this solution will contain up to 25$ nitrogen, depending on the composition of the raw sludge and the selection of pH adjustment level.
  • Products made from the state-of-the-art technology e.g. composted and/or pelletised sludge
  • the product made in accordance with the invention is, on t other hand, completely stable and incapable of bei fermented. These attributes are very surprising as t components are highly fermentable, but it has been found th this fermentability ceases once the concentration of d matter exceeds about 20$. This is presumably due to t fact that the osmotic potential of the liquors containi more than about 20$ dry matter is too high to perm microorganisms to multiply.
  • inorganic compounds in liquors containing more th 20$ by weight of inorganic and 30-40$ by weight of organi compounds are liable to precipitate, it is preferable t spray dry liquors containing 40$ by weight or more dissolved solids if a more concentrated end product i desired.
  • sludges and state-of-the-art materials based upo sludge are not generally appreciated as fertilisers, as thei nitrogen content is often too slowly and irregularly available to be useful for this purpose e.g. with annual crops in cooler climates. It has been found that the amount of nitrogen added in the form of state-of-the-art sludge based products must be 2-3 or more times greater than that added in the form of the common synthetic fertilisers to yield the same growth enhancement in such climates.
  • sludge based products typically contain -by weight only 1/5- l/10th of the amount of nitrogen in a synthetic fertiliser, this implies that the amount by weight of sludge based product used must be 10-30 times greater than the amount of synthetic fertiliser to achieve equal yields of annual crops such as grass, wheat, vegetables, etc.
  • Such large volumes are cumbersome and costly to handle, and they also add unacceptably large amounts of (heavy) metals to the soil.
  • the products made according to the invention contain considerably greater proportions of nitrogen than state-of- the-art sludge based materials, the nitrogen is present almost entirely as ammonium salts, i.e. inorganically bound.
  • the present understanding of the modus operandi for organic and inorganic nitrogen would presuppose that products made according to the invention thus contain nitrogen that is a) readily available and b) easily leached out to groundwater.
  • the column was saturated with water and the excess wat allowed to drain away over a period of 5 days through t outlet.
  • Each column was filled with a solution of the followi composition: (i) 150 ml of a product made from a biologic sludge according to the invention; (ii) 150 ml of a soluti of ammonium sulphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate havi the same N and P content as the product used in (i); (iii) quantity of pelletised sewage sludge based product equal in content to (i); (iv) a quantity of the untreated sewa sludge upon which (i) was based and equivalent in N conte to (i); (v) a quantity of liquid organic fertiliser (Vadhe Groplex) equivalent in N and P content to (i); and (v distilled water.
  • the outlet remained open for a period of 5 minutes aft addition of the liquids and the liquid draining out of t columns during this time collected, measured (ml-6 x ⁇ ) a tested for N content.
  • the outlet was then closed for period of 5 days and then reopened to allow liquid that h drained through the column in this time to be collecte measured (ml-6 X ) and tested for N.
  • Soils rich in clay retain moisture and nutrients rather better than sandy soils , but their large amounts of fine particles ( ⁇ 10u ) pack tightly and hinder the easy transport of air, moisture and nutrients. Such soils also tend t crack upon drying, a factor which may expose plant roots an lead to poor growth.
  • Example 1 (A) Experimental method
  • Example 2 (A) Melisture absorption and porosity in clay soils
  • the interval between each addition of water was increased to 7 days and the top 1/3 of strata a-b was removed prior to analysis. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • ion exchange characteristics of soil are important inasmuch as certain ions, e.g. soluble AI 3+ , are toxic for plants and fish whilst others, e.g. Cd 2+ , are toxic also for higher animal species. Soil with a high ion exchange capacity will bind these ions and limit the extent to which they are washed out to groundwater. It is known that low soil pH, e.g. resulting from the use of ammonium salts or urea fertilisers, increases leaching (Lindmark, J.E., Vaxtpressen No.l, 2/90).
  • the column containing produc made according to the invention demonstrates the superior i exchange capacity of the mixture in this column. This most surprising as current theory would predict that the u of ammonium sulphate would enhance leaching due to i propensity for lowering soil pH [cf. column (i)] and as solubility enhancer for cadmium compounds. We believe th the presence of easily accessible carbon source increases t growth of microorganisms that both bind metal ions and buff pH.
  • tnays (i) - (iv) were watered with 250 ml of a solution containing 6$ N, 1$ P and 4$ K derived from (i) product made according to the invention, (ii) a mixture of ammonium sulphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulphate, (iii) commercial organic fertiliser, (iv) a slurry of 150gm sludge from which product (i) was derived in 150 ml water. to (v) was added 250 ml distilled water as control. Potassium sulphate or hydrogen phosphate or ammonium sulphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was added to samples (i), (ii) and (iv) in order to attain the abovementioned N, P and K contents.
  • the low and decreasing leaching of nitrogen with time is a important contribution in the effort to reduce nitroge levels in groundwater draining from agricultural areas.
  • Effluent from e.g. sewage treatment plants often contain nitrogen in quantities that can lead to a rapid growth o algae and other microorganisms in waterways and conduits fe by such effluent. Apart from being a nuisance by dint o requiring regular cleaning of such waterways and conduits this fouling can also be hazardous from the point of view o maintaining a healthy aquatic environment, e.g., in lakes an ponds and even in seawater.
  • This state of affairs ha resulted in such effluents being treated by causing micro organisms to grow in them under controlled conditions, tha both fix and reduce nitrate and nitrites to nitrogen, thereb reducing the amount of nitrate subsequently released to th environment.
  • This process requires a readily accessible carbon source in order for the aforementioned microorganisms to multiply rapidly. Such carbon source must generally be added, and substances such as methanol and molasses are often used. This adds considerably to treatment costs.

Landscapes

  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un produit qui contient des composés hydrosolubles d'azote et de phosphore constituant des engrais à action rapide et qui se caractérise par le fait que les agents nutritifs contenus dans le sol sont lessivés lentement, l'azote hydrosoluble se présentant sous la forme de sels d'urée et d'ammonium, et le produit contenant de 5 à 25 % en poids d'azote.
PCT/NO1993/000012 1992-01-15 1993-01-14 Melange d'engrais et procede de production de ce melange d'engrais WO1993014046A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO920190A NO178296C (no) 1992-01-15 1992-01-15 Produkter inneholdende vannlöslige forbindelser av nitrogen og fosfor som er rasktvirkende gjödsel, fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av dette, samt anvendelse derav
NO920190 1992-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993014046A1 true WO1993014046A1 (fr) 1993-07-22

Family

ID=19894779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1993/000012 WO1993014046A1 (fr) 1992-01-15 1993-01-14 Melange d'engrais et procede de production de ce melange d'engrais

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3369893A (fr)
NO (1) NO178296C (fr)
WO (1) WO1993014046A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7504035B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2009-03-17 United Utilities Plc Treatment of putrescrible cakes
EP2565256A1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2013-03-06 Renovius Management Reprocession de flux de biomasse pollués
RU2520144C1 (ru) * 2013-01-09 2014-06-20 Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственного использования мелиорированных земель Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВНИИМЗ Россельхозакадемии) Способ получения жидкого гуминового удобрения
US9611158B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2017-04-04 Earth Renewal Group, Llc Waste treatment process
CN108299088A (zh) * 2018-02-11 2018-07-20 平南县德湖种养农民专业合作社 一种龟背竹专用肥料及其制作方法
CN110467323A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-11-19 昆明理工大学 一种高温微氧和微电流协同处理污泥快速释放内碳源的方法
JP7120682B1 (ja) 2021-08-23 2022-08-17 智昭 雨谷 乾燥糞の製造方法及び製造システム

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356781A1 (fr) * 1988-08-11 1990-03-07 Tom Holdings Limited Procédé de traitement de matière organique
EP0377832A2 (fr) * 1988-12-13 1990-07-18 Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH Procédé de traitement des biomasses, par exemple des boues d'épuration, du lisier, etc.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356781A1 (fr) * 1988-08-11 1990-03-07 Tom Holdings Limited Procédé de traitement de matière organique
EP0377832A2 (fr) * 1988-12-13 1990-07-18 Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH Procédé de traitement des biomasses, par exemple des boues d'épuration, du lisier, etc.

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, No. 55882 B/30, week 7930; & SU,A,627 112, (STAVROPOL AGRIC INS), 16 August 1978. *
DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, No. 83-703954/27, week 8327; & SU,A,952 831, (AS BELO PEAT INST), 23 August 1982. *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7504035B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2009-03-17 United Utilities Plc Treatment of putrescrible cakes
US9611158B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2017-04-04 Earth Renewal Group, Llc Waste treatment process
US9902632B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2018-02-27 Earth Renewal Group, Llc Waste treatment method
EP2565256A1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2013-03-06 Renovius Management Reprocession de flux de biomasse pollués
RU2520144C1 (ru) * 2013-01-09 2014-06-20 Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственного использования мелиорированных земель Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВНИИМЗ Россельхозакадемии) Способ получения жидкого гуминового удобрения
CN108299088A (zh) * 2018-02-11 2018-07-20 平南县德湖种养农民专业合作社 一种龟背竹专用肥料及其制作方法
CN110467323A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-11-19 昆明理工大学 一种高温微氧和微电流协同处理污泥快速释放内碳源的方法
CN110467323B (zh) * 2019-09-17 2022-03-25 昆明理工大学 一种高温微氧和微电流协同处理污泥快速释放内碳源的方法
JP7120682B1 (ja) 2021-08-23 2022-08-17 智昭 雨谷 乾燥糞の製造方法及び製造システム
JP2023030296A (ja) * 2021-08-23 2023-03-08 智昭 雨谷 乾燥糞の製造方法及び製造システム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO920190L (no) 1993-07-16
NO178296B (no) 1995-11-20
NO920190D0 (no) 1992-01-15
AU3369893A (en) 1993-08-03
NO178296C (no) 1996-03-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Achak et al. Preliminary evaluation of constructed wetlands for nutrients removal from olive mill wastewater (OMW) after passing through a sand filter
US8673046B1 (en) Process for removing and recovering phosphorus from animal waste
Witter et al. The potential of sewage sludge and composting in a nitrogen recycling strategy for agriculture
US20090193863A1 (en) Process for Removing and Recovering Phosphorus from Animal Waste
US20070044526A1 (en) Process for transforming sludge into NPK type granulated fertilizer
KR20130123276A (ko) 유기성 폐기물의 폐수처리와 퇴비화하는 방법
US7175683B2 (en) Process for transforming sludge into NPK type granulated fertilizer
KR100822377B1 (ko) 축산분뇨의 소화 처리에 따른 부산물의 비료화 처리 방법 및 이를 위한 처리 장치
WO1993014046A1 (fr) Melange d'engrais et procede de production de ce melange d'engrais
RU2628437C1 (ru) Способ утилизации жидкой фракции навозных стоков свиноводческих хозяйств
CA1042225A (fr) Traitement des boues d'egout
Luo et al. Phosphorus transformations in swine manure during continuous and intermittent aeration processes
JPH05309385A (ja) 生物学的処理材およびその使用方法
KR20030055854A (ko) 유기폐기물 정화제 및 유기폐기물을 재활용하는 방법
MXPA06000523A (es) Nuevo producto de uso agricola obtenido a partir de vinazas y lodos procedentes de las destilerias.
KC New opportunities of nutrient recycling in water services
RU2761818C1 (ru) Способ получения основы препарата для обработки осадков сточных вод и/или отходов сельского хозяйства, навоза и помета, с использованием зерна риса
RU2761819C1 (ru) Применение плодородного субстрата для изготовления гранулированного удобрения
RU2760673C1 (ru) Кранулированное удобрение, полученное с использованием плодородного субстрата
RU2761206C1 (ru) Способ получения основы препарата для обработки осадков сточных вод и/или отходов сельского хозяйства с использованием зерна пшеницы
RU2761203C1 (ru) Применение препарата на основе растительного сырья для получения плодородного субстрата
RU2760161C1 (ru) Применение плодородного субстрата для изготовления компоста
RU2777787C2 (ru) Применение растительного сырья
RU2777790C2 (ru) Применение плодородного субстрата для изготовления почвогрунта
RU2761202C1 (ru) Плодородный субстрат, полученный посредством обработки осадков сточных вод препаратом на основе растительного сырья

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA