WO1993018283A1 - Internal combustion four stroke engine with cylinder head rotary valves - Google Patents
Internal combustion four stroke engine with cylinder head rotary valves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993018283A1 WO1993018283A1 PCT/BR1993/000007 BR9300007W WO9318283A1 WO 1993018283 A1 WO1993018283 A1 WO 1993018283A1 BR 9300007 W BR9300007 W BR 9300007W WO 9318283 A1 WO9318283 A1 WO 9318283A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotary valves
- cylinder head
- internal combustion
- stroke engine
- intake
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000016253 exhaustion Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
- F01L7/021—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves with one rotary valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/16—Sealing or packing arrangements specially therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- Patent Descriptive Report of the Invention "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR STROKE ENGINE WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES".
- the present invention refers to an "Internal Combustion Four-Stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves", of one or more cylinders, and which may operate by the Otto cycle or Diesel cycle.
- Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of an "Internal Combustion Four- Stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves";
- Figure 2 shows the Cylindrical Rotary Valve Axle;
- Figure 3 is a cross-section of the Cylindrical Rotary Valve;
- Figure 4 shows the shape of the Cylindrical Rotary Valve Vents;
- Figure 5 is a detail of the cylinder intake and exhaustion openings; and
- Figure 6 the piston relief vents.
- the internal combustion four-stroke engines currently use heads which operate by the alternative principle, i.e., the opening and closing operation of the cylinder is performed by means of an axle of cams which accomplishes an alternate movement to the intake and exhaustion valves, in order to provide the stages of admission, compression, combustion/expansion and scavenging of gases from the inside of the cylinder.
- This type of head is compounded by a variety of parts, which require thorough accuracy during manufacturing and quality control processes. As a consequence, during operation of the engine, much is required from these parts, making them prone to premature wear, what will result in extensive adjustments and maintenance. Therefore, it can be seen that, with this type of head, costs are high, not only during manufacturing, but also during operation, and it also imposes an increase of passive losses to the engine, caused by friction of a high number of parts, leading to an increase in fuel consumption.
- cylinder head rotary valves for internal combustion four-stroke engines is a component which can be used in internal combustion four-stroke engines, and which aims to facilitate the intake of the air-fuel mixture, or only air in the case of Diesel engines, and the scavenging of burnt gases from the interior of the cylinder, as well as provide pressure tightness of the combustion chamber during the stages of compression and combustion/expansion, through the use of a single axle of rotary valves, Figure 2, housing the cylindrical rotary valves for exhaustion (23), and admission (25), operating in a rotating movement, and housed horizontally in a head (1) and (2).
- the technical solution consists in using Cylinder Head Rotary Valves (1) and (2), housed sideways to the motor body (10), i.e., with the intake and exhaustion openings of the head (4), matching the respective intake and exhaustion openings (8), positioned at the upper side of cylinder, close to the combustion chamber (19), not being required, therefore, that the head has the combustion chamber on its base, as previously proposed.
- the piston scgmental rings (17) overlaps, the intake and exhaustion openings, providing better scaling for the combustion chamber, and preventing the exposure of the sealing surface of the cylindrical rotary valve (32) to the combustion gases, thus avoiding the oil film to bum or its contamination.
- it may be possible to use several types of piston it is advisable to use the piston with combustion chamber at the head, "Heron Chamber" (19).
- the cylinder intake and exhaustion openings (8) can be the grating type (41) and (42), having a rectangular, circular or elongated shape (egg- shaped). It can be seen that the general disposition of the head, proposed in the present invention, does not alter the operating principle of the cylindrical rotary valve head, since the ratio of 4:1 (four to one) between the crankshaft rotation and the rotation of the axle of cylindrical rotary valves remains, the movement transmission being by means of a toothed belt.
- the main advantages that the present invention offers in relation to the proposed component, in the Brazilian Patent Invention 8407384, are the following:
- the present invention allows for their use, since the cylinder head rotary valves do not require parts with alternate movements with great mechanical properties.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an 'Internal Combustion four-stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves' which adopts cylinder head rotary valves, proposed in the Brazilian Patent Invention 8407384, positioned sideways to the engine body (10), and which are composed mainly by an axle of cylindrical rotary valves, housed horizontally in a seat of an internal cylindrical wall, involved by an external wall. The cylinder contains the intake and exhaust openings (8) and (41) and (42), communicating with the head openings (7). The piston has relief vents (43), interconnected among themselves, for scavenging of gases trapped in the intake opening, at the end of the exhaust stage. Therefore, as in the previous proposal, the transmission ratio between rotation of the crankshaft and the rotation of the cylindrical rotary valves' axle is 4:1 (four to one). The present invention aims that the use of the cylinder head with rotary valves in an internal combustion four-stroke engine, in the Otto cycle as in the Diesel cycle, becomes feasible since it establishes relevant technological innovations, consistent with the new technological trends.
Description
Patent Descriptive Report of the Invention "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR STROKE ENGINE WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES".
The present invention refers to an "Internal Combustion Four-Stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves", of one or more cylinders, and which may operate by the Otto cycle or Diesel cycle.
As to the attached drawings, which are part of this Report, Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of an "Internal Combustion Four- Stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves"; Figure 2 shows the Cylindrical Rotary Valve Axle; Figure 3 is a cross-section of the Cylindrical Rotary Valve; Figure 4 shows the shape of the Cylindrical Rotary Valve Vents; Figure 5 is a detail of the cylinder intake and exhaustion openings; and Figure 6 the piston relief vents.
The internal combustion four-stroke engines currently use heads which operate by the alternative principle, i.e., the opening and closing operation of the cylinder is performed by means of an axle of cams which accomplishes an alternate movement to the intake and exhaustion valves, in order to provide the stages of admission, compression, combustion/expansion and scavenging of gases from the inside of the cylinder. This type of head is compounded by a variety of parts, which require thorough accuracy during manufacturing and quality control processes. As a consequence, during operation of the engine, much is required from these parts, making them prone to premature wear, what will result in extensive adjustments and maintenance. Therefore, it can be seen that, with this type of head, costs are high, not only during manufacturing, but also during operation, and it also imposes an increase of passive losses to the engine, caused by friction of a high number of parts, leading to an increase in fuel consumption.
To simplify the mechanism of an internal combustion four- stroke engine, as well as to improve its performance, reduce friction and consequently increase its capacity with less fuel consumption, and additionally extend its life, it has been proposed in the Brazilian Patent Invention 8407384 of march 19, 1984, a cylinder head with rotary valves, as described in the following pages: cylinder head rotary valves for internal combustion four-stroke engines is a component which can be used in internal combustion four-stroke engines, and which aims to facilitate the intake of the air-fuel mixture, or only air in the case of Diesel engines, and the scavenging of burnt gases from the interior of the cylinder, as well as provide pressure tightness of the combustion chamber during the stages of compression and combustion/expansion, through the use of a single axle of rotary valves, Figure 2, housing the cylindrical
rotary valves for exhaustion (23), and admission (25), operating in a rotating movement, and housed horizontally in a head (1) and (2).
Its operation is based on the rotating principle and the ratio of transmission between the engine crankshaft and the axle of cylindrical rotary valves is 4:1 (four to one); it also has a lubricating system and a cooling system which are part of the head itself.
Basically, two inconveniences were detected in the proposal of the component above described, which undermine the good operation of an internal combustion four-stroke engine. They are pressure sealing of combustion chambers during compression and combustion expansion stages, i.e., the axle of cylindrical rotary valves may not be strong enough to prevent the escaping of gases in these stages in which the pressure in the combustion chamber reaches high figures; the other inconvenience refers to lubrication - being the cylinder head rotary valves positioned on top of motor body and the combustion chamber the base of the head, on the upper portion of the cylinder, as has been proposed, there will undoubtedly be burning of the lubricating oil film on the surface of the cylindrical rotary valve at the moment of combustion, as well as possible leakage of lubricating oil to the interior of the cylinder during intake, or yet, with the motor idle, the oil would tend to flow by gravity. The present invention aims to solve the problems related to the head, as well as add technical innovation and improvements which will mean substantial advantages to the "Internal Combustion Four- Stroke Engine with Cylinder Head Rotary Valves", updating it with new technological trends.
The technical solution consists in using Cylinder Head Rotary Valves (1) and (2), housed sideways to the motor body (10), i.e., with the intake and exhaustion openings of the head (4), matching the respective intake and exhaustion openings (8), positioned at the upper side of cylinder, close to the combustion chamber (19), not being required, therefore, that the head has the combustion chamber on its base, as previously proposed. Thus, at the moment of combustion, the piston scgmental rings (17) overlaps, the intake and exhaustion openings, providing better scaling for the combustion chamber, and preventing the exposure of the sealing surface of the cylindrical rotary valve (32) to the combustion gases, thus avoiding the oil film to bum or its contamination. Though it may be possible to use several types of piston, it is advisable to use the piston with combustion chamber at the head, "Heron Chamber"
(19).
The cylinder intake and exhaustion openings (8), can be the grating type (41) and (42), having a rectangular, circular or elongated shape (egg- shaped). It can be seen that the general disposition of the head, proposed in the present invention, does not alter the operating principle of the cylindrical rotary valve head, since the ratio of 4:1 (four to one) between the crankshaft rotation and the rotation of the axle of cylindrical rotary valves remains, the movement transmission being by means of a toothed belt The main advantages that the present invention offers in relation to the proposed component, in the Brazilian Patent Invention 8407384, are the following:
-> Better pressure sealing at combustion chamber at the instant of combustion of the mixture; -> Protection of the sealing surface of cylindrical rotary valves by the piston segmental rings, preventing the action of burnt gases through it, avoiding its abrasion, as well as contamination of the lubricating oil film; ,
-> Impossibility of lubricating oil leakage to the interior of cylinder during intake stage, or even by gravity, with the motor idle; -> Better flexibility as to positioning of ignition spark¬ plugs or injectors;
-> Less probability of formation of hot points in the combustion chamber, as well as of high temperature areas;
-> Less heating of the lubricating oil; -> Head joint not exposed to explosions, being free of burning or cracks;
-> Reduction of vertical dimension of the engine;
-> Allows for the use of two heads of cylindrical rotary valves, positioned sideways on the upper portion of the motor body, each containing the cylindrical rotary valves for intake and the cylindrical rotary valves for exhaustion, or yet adopting one head for intake cylindrical rotary valves and one head for exhaustion cylindrical valves.
For better operation and performance of the engine, proposed in the present invention, the following considerations are important: -> In relation to engines of Otto cycle, the use of direct fuel injection (retarded injection-close to the upper idle point) is extremely beneficial,
because the air, compressed with the fuel, makes the lubricating oil film free from contamination from the fuel.
-> In relation to engines of Diesel cycle, the same holds, since the fuel is injected in the combustion chamber just before the top dead center, that is, at finishing of the compression stage of the air, when the openings for intake and exhaustion are shut out by the upper portion of the piston, thus avoiding the contact of Diesel oil with the lubricating oil film of the sealing surface of the cylindrical rotary valve.
-> At the end of the compression stage, a small volume of air will remain trapped and compressed in the space between the cylinder openings (8) and their respective openings in the head (7). This volume of air may serve as protection for the lubricating oil film of the cylindrical rotary valve tightening surface (32), thus preventing contamination by gases burnt right at the start of the expansion stage, i.e., at the beginning of the piston movement down. A similar fact will take place at the end of the scavenging of gases, however these will be trapped only between the intake port and its respective opening in the head.
Should this volume of gas interfere with the process, disturbing the good operating of the engine, its scavenging can be done through the relief vents (43), interconnected among themselves, positioned between the piston segmental rings (44), matching the intake and exhaustion openings, at the end of exhaustion stage (piston in top dead center).
-> There may be a misalignment, or a "displacement" in the vertical alignment between the intake and exhaust openings, which should correspond to the angle of overlapping of the intake and exhaust openings of the cylindrical rotary valves (30) and (31), i.e., with the "balancing of the valves", this happening because, when going down, the piston should open exhaust opening first, in order to scavenge the volume of burnt gas trapped and compressed in the combustion chamber, at the end of the exhausting stage.
-> As to the use of ceramic materials in the internal combustion engines, the present invention allows for their use, since the cylinder head rotary valves do not require parts with alternate movements with great mechanical properties.
Notes:
1) As to Figure 1, it can be noticed that the position of the piston in relation to the center line of openings in the cylindrical rotary valves is merely for illustrative purposes, since such position does not occur during the engine
operating cycle.
2) In relation to the intake and exhaust openings in the cylindrical rotary valves, the following must be taken into account: - to make the intake and exhaust valves stay open in the respective stages, the opening should include in the periphery, the corresponding angle of opening. Therefore, if in the middle internal area the valve opening has an eggs-shaped section (40), it is necessary that this section increases, from the center of the valve toward opposing directions, until it reaches the peripheral surface of the same, with the shape of (39), thus obtaining a cross-section as indicated by Figure 3.
Claims
1) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", featuring the Cylinder Head Rotary Valves (1) and (2), positioned sideways on the upper portion of the engine body (1), and containing intake and exhaust openings (8) and (41) (42), on the cylinder upper side, in line with the respective openings in the Head (6) and (7), and the piston containing relief vents (1).
2) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Qaim 1, characterized by presenting openings of the grating type (41) (42), for intake and exhaust, which can be rectangular, circular or elongated (egg-shaped), positioned on the upper portion of the cylinder, and communicating with the respective openings in the head (7), and the cylindrical rotary valves (4), and can still show a misalignment between themselves, in the vertical. 3) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE, WTffi CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the piston presenting relief vents (1), interconnected among themselves, located on the upper portion of the piston (15), among segmental rings (17) and (44). 4) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Qaim 1, characterized by the fact that the piston, when reaching the top dead center, its segmental rings (17), overlap the intake and exhaust openings, thus providing better sealing for the combustion chamber (19). 5) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that Cylindrical Rotary Valves (23) and (24), present their intake and exhaust openings with the middle internal section egg-shaped (40), in the periphery, with the shape of (39). 6) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Qaim 1, characterized by allowing the upper portion of the engine (21), to be cast together with the body (10), thus avoiding the use of joints between the two parts.
7) "INTERNAL COMBUSTION FOUR-STROKE ENGINE, WITH CYLINDER HEAD ROTARY VALVES", in accordance with Claims 1, characterized by, alternately, presenting two heads of cylindrical rotary
valves, on opposite sides, on the upper portion of the engine body, each composed by an axle containing the cylindrical rotary valves for exhaustion, or yet adopting one head for intake cylindrical rotary valves and another head for exhaust cylindrical rotary valves.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU36243/93A AU3624393A (en) | 1992-03-06 | 1993-03-04 | Internal combustion four stroke engine with cylinder head rotary valves |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI9200820 | 1992-03-06 | ||
| BR929200820A BR9200820A (en) | 1992-03-06 | 1992-03-06 | FOUR-TIME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH ROTARY CYLINDRICAL VALVE HEAD |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993018283A1 true WO1993018283A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
Family
ID=4053824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR1993/000007 WO1993018283A1 (en) | 1992-03-06 | 1993-03-04 | Internal combustion four stroke engine with cylinder head rotary valves |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR9200820A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993018283A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1092842A1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-04-18 | CONRADTY, Christoph | Four stroke engine with rotary valve |
| RU2243387C2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2004-12-27 | Чоповский Борис Петрович | Internal combustion engine (versions) |
| RU2276734C1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-05-20 | Виталий Дмитриевич Корнилов | Engine rotary valve-timing mechanism |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2310134A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1943-02-02 | Vallier Wilfred Fred | Rotary valve engine |
| DE969839C (en) * | 1952-05-04 | 1958-07-24 | Augsburg Nuernberg A G Zweigni | Piston with return of the oil, especially in internal combustion engines |
| DE1810556A1 (en) * | 1968-11-23 | 1970-06-04 | Guenther Dege | Four-stroke internal combustion engine |
-
1992
- 1992-03-06 BR BR929200820A patent/BR9200820A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1993
- 1993-03-04 WO PCT/BR1993/000007 patent/WO1993018283A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2310134A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1943-02-02 | Vallier Wilfred Fred | Rotary valve engine |
| DE969839C (en) * | 1952-05-04 | 1958-07-24 | Augsburg Nuernberg A G Zweigni | Piston with return of the oil, especially in internal combustion engines |
| DE1810556A1 (en) * | 1968-11-23 | 1970-06-04 | Guenther Dege | Four-stroke internal combustion engine |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1092842A1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-04-18 | CONRADTY, Christoph | Four stroke engine with rotary valve |
| US6378481B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2002-04-30 | Christoph Conradty | Four-stroke internal combustion engine with a rotary-spool valve |
| RU2243387C2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2004-12-27 | Чоповский Борис Петрович | Internal combustion engine (versions) |
| RU2276734C1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-05-20 | Виталий Дмитриевич Корнилов | Engine rotary valve-timing mechanism |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9200820A (en) | 1993-09-08 |
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