WO1994026661A1 - Regeneration of activated carbons - Google Patents
Regeneration of activated carbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994026661A1 WO1994026661A1 PCT/GB1994/001063 GB9401063W WO9426661A1 WO 1994026661 A1 WO1994026661 A1 WO 1994026661A1 GB 9401063 W GB9401063 W GB 9401063W WO 9426661 A1 WO9426661 A1 WO 9426661A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- degenerated
- microwave
- adsorbent
- microwave radiation
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/36—Reactivation or regeneration
- C01B32/366—Reactivation or regeneration by physical processes, e.g. by irradiation, by using electric current passing through carbonaceous feedstock or by using recyclable inert heating bodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to adsorbent (or "active") carbons.
- Amorphous carbon particles which have high internal porosity are extensively used as adsorbent media in gas and water purification, de-colouring, de-toxification and other separation systems.
- carbon having a surface area in excess of 300 m ⁇ /gm is referred to as "activated”.
- a method of activating degenerated adsorbent carbon comprising directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
- adsorbent carbon which method comprises:
- step (c) directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon obtained by step (b), so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
- Step (c) is such as to avoid formation of dioxins; re-activation of activated carbon by traditional methods is an oxidising process, whereas regeneration by the present method allows the reducing property of carbon to be exploited .
- the adsorbent carbon may itself be prepared from starting media such as carbon black, sewage, waste vegetable matter or the like.
- the particulate degenerated carbon is arranged in a microwave treatment zone in the method according to the invention.
- the microwave treatment zone may comprise a microwave-resistant chamber, such as a fire brick-lined or refractory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing .
- the frequency of the microwave radiation employed is such that it causes substantial heating of the degenerated carbon. Typically, it is in the low gigahertz frequency range, for example suitably less than about 10 gigahertz and most preferably about 0.9 to 2.5 gigahertz. However, higher and lower frequencies may be utilised as appropriate for particular materials and depth of bed of the material .
- one or more microwave generators are arranged adjacent the zone so as to direct microwave radiation at the degenerated carbon, so as to be capable of re-converting the former into active carbon.
- the temperature rise achieved by the use of microwaves is readily controllable, and avoids use of mechanical force and attrition of the particles during heating.
- the generators may be of similar power output, or, alternatively of graduated power output.
- the degenerated carbon generally has a substantially impaired porous structure when compared to the structure of active carbon, typically as a result* of substantial use thereof in a process such as filtration.
- the degenerated carbon may be contaminated with waste materials, and may, for example, contain volatile organic compounds or the like.
- the microwave treatment is carried out in an atmosphere under which flame generation is substantially prevented.
- the atmosphere is substantially oxygen-free, and advantageously comprises an inert medium such as nitrogen, or a hydrocarbon gaseous medium, such as hydrogen, methane or the like.
- the method of use of adsorbent carbon comprises regeneration of an active carbon filtration medium.
- a method of using a filtration medium comprising adsorbent carbon which method comprises employing said medium in a filtration method whereby said medium becomes - k -
- the regeneration of the degenerated filtration medium may be particularly advantageous in enhancing the porosity of the degenerated medium for subsequent re-use thereof in filtration techniques.
- the regenerated active carbon is suitable for use in filtration of liquids, and preferably has a holding power equal to at least 157» by weight thereof.
- the method preferably involves arrangement of the adsorbent carbon in a filtration environment, such as a receptacle or the like, followed by arrangement of the resultant degenerated carbon in a microwave treatment zone, which typically comprises a microwave-resistant chamber, such as a fire brick-lined or refractory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing.
- a microwave treatment zone typically comprises a microwave-resistant chamber, such as a fire brick-lined or refractory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing.
- the accompanying single Figure is a graph illustrating the effect on the adsorption capacity of active carbon on Congo Red before and after regeneration by microwave heating.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A method of activating degenerated adsorbent carbon comprises directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form. Adsorbent carbon may be used by: a) providing a starting material comprising adsorbent carbon; b) carrying out a process which causes substantial degeneration of said carbon; and c) directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon obtained by step (b), so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form. This allows effective regeneration of active carbon, which is then suitable for further use as an adsorbent media in gas and water purification, thereby avoiding the need to purchase new material.
Description
REGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBONS
The present invention relates to adsorbent (or "active") carbons.
Amorphous carbon particles which have high internal porosity are extensively used as adsorbent media in gas and water purification, de-colouring, de-toxification and other separation systems. Conventionally, carbon having a surface area in excess of 300 m^/gm is referred to as "activated". Carbons of lesser surface area, but a particular pore size make-up, may also exhibit good adsorption capacity in specific applications.
When the capacity of carbon to adsorb further material has been exhausted, it is possible to recover some of the capacity in order for it to be re-used. Such recovery (or regeneration) may be accomplished by in situ heating with steam, or by indirect means, to a temperature which causes vaporisation of a portion of the contaminants. Regeneration may also be accomplished or assisted by changing the conditions of partial vapour pressure with a sweep gas .
In many cases, however, such in situ regeneration is not possible or practical and the charge of carbon must be either disposed to land-fill or returned to the supplier for re-activation by heating to 800-900°C in steam or carbon dioxide. As many of the substances adsorbed onto carbon are toxic (e.g. pesticides from potable water supplies) or otherwise harmful, their subsequent desorption gives rise to pollution. In addition, there is a further loss of carbon as a result of the re-activation process. Under these circumstances it may be more economic to purchase new material .
We have now developed a method of activating degenerated adsorbent carbon which helps to alleviate the above problems.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of activating degenerated adsorbent carbon comprising directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of use of adsorbent carbon, which method comprises:
(a) providing a starting material comprising adsorbent carbon ;
(b) carrying out a process which causes substantial degeneration of said carbon; and
(c) directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon obtained by step (b), so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
Step (c) is such as to avoid formation of dioxins; re-activation of activated carbon by traditional methods is an oxidising process, whereas regeneration by the present method allows the reducing property of carbon to be exploited .
The adsorbent carbon may itself be prepared from starting media such as carbon black, sewage, waste vegetable matter or the like.
Typically, the particulate degenerated carbon is arranged in a microwave treatment zone in the method according to the invention. The microwave treatment zone may comprise a microwave-resistant chamber, such as a fire brick-lined or refractory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing .
The frequency of the microwave radiation employed is such that it causes substantial heating of the degenerated carbon. Typically, it is in the low gigahertz frequency range, for example suitably less than about 10
gigahertz and most preferably about 0.9 to 2.5 gigahertz. However, higher and lower frequencies may be utilised as appropriate for particular materials and depth of bed of the material .
Advantageously, one or more microwave generators are arranged adjacent the zone so as to direct microwave radiation at the degenerated carbon, so as to be capable of re-converting the former into active carbon. The temperature rise achieved by the use of microwaves is readily controllable, and avoids use of mechanical force and attrition of the particles during heating.
In the case where a plurality of generators is employed, the generators may be of similar power output, or, alternatively of graduated power output.
The degenerated carbon generally has a substantially impaired porous structure when compared to the structure of active carbon, typically as a result* of substantial use thereof in a process such as filtration. The degenerated carbon may be contaminated with waste materials, and may, for example, contain volatile organic compounds or the like.
It is further preferred that the microwave treatment is carried out in an atmosphere under which flame generation is substantially prevented. Preferably, the atmosphere is substantially oxygen-free, and advantageously comprises an inert medium such as nitrogen, or a hydrocarbon gaseous medium, such as hydrogen, methane or the like.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method of use of adsorbent carbon comprises regeneration of an active carbon filtration medium. According to a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method of using a filtration medium comprising adsorbent carbon, which method comprises employing said medium in a filtration method whereby said medium becomes
- k -
substantially degenerated in use, and directing microwave radiation at the resultant degenerated carbon so as to convert the latter into active carbon.
The regeneration of the degenerated filtration medium may be particularly advantageous in enhancing the porosity of the degenerated medium for subsequent re-use thereof in filtration techniques. Advantageously, the regenerated active carbon is suitable for use in filtration of liquids, and preferably has a holding power equal to at least 157» by weight thereof.
The method preferably involves arrangement of the adsorbent carbon in a filtration environment, such as a receptacle or the like, followed by arrangement of the resultant degenerated carbon in a microwave treatment zone, which typically comprises a microwave-resistant chamber, such as a fire brick-lined or refractory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing.
The accompanying single Figure is a graph illustrating the effect on the adsorption capacity of active carbon on Congo Red before and after regeneration by microwave heating.
Claims
1. A method of activating degenerated adsorbent carbon comprising directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the degenerated carbon is arranged in a microwave treatment zone comprising a microwave-resistant chamber.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the chamber is a fire brick-lined or refactory-lined stainless steel or ceramic housing.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein one or more microwave generators are arranged adjacent the microwave treatment zone so as to direct microwave radiation at the degenerated carbon.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of generators of similar power output are employed.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of generators of graduated power output are employed.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the frequency of the microwave radiation is in the low gigahertz frequency range.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the frequency of the microwave radiation is 0.9 to 2.5 gigahertz .
9. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the microwave treatment is carried out in an atmosphere under which flame generation is substantially prevented .
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the atmosphere is substantially free of oxygen.
11. A method according to claim 9, wherein the atmosphere comprises an inert medium, such as nitrogen.
12. A method according to claim 9, wherein the atmosphere comprises a hydrocarbon gaseous medium, such as hydrogen, methane or the like.
13. A method of use of adsorbent carbon, which method comprises : a) providing a starting material comprising adsorbent carbon; b) carrying out a process which causes substantial degeneration of said carbon; and c) directing microwave radiation at degenerated carbon obtained by step (b), so as to substantially re-convert said degenerated carbon into active form.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the adsorbent carbon is prepared from starting media such as carbon black, sewage, waste vegetable matter or the like
15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the" starting material is an adsorbent carbon filtration medium, said medium is employed in a filtration method whereby said medium becomes substantially degenerated in use, and microwave radiation is directed at the resultant degenerated carbon so as to convert the latter into active carbon suitable for further use in filtration techniques.
16. A method according to claim 11, wherein the adsorbent carbon is arranged in a filtration environment, such as a receptacle or the like, and the resultant regenerated carbon is arranged in a microwave treatment zone, comprising a microwave-resistant chamber.
17. A method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the regenerated active carbon has a holding power equal to at least 157o by weight thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU66568/94A AU6656894A (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Regeneration of activated carbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939310206A GB9310206D0 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | Absorbent carbon |
| GB9310206.9 | 1993-05-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994026661A1 true WO1994026661A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
Family
ID=10735676
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1994/001063 WO1994026661A1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-18 | Regeneration of activated carbons |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6656894A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9310206D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994026661A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA943432B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998017365A1 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-04-30 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Enhanced adsorbent and room temperature catalyst particle and method of making and using therefor |
| US5948726A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1999-09-07 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Adsorbent and/or catalyst and binder system and method of making therefor |
| US5985790A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1999-11-16 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Method of making acid contacted enhanced aluminum oxide adsorbent particle |
| ES2143412A1 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2000-05-01 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Microwave-assisted process for obtaining basic-type carbonaceous materials, and relevant device |
| KR20020013801A (en) * | 2000-08-12 | 2002-02-21 | 이길환 | Manufacturing method of activated carbon and regenerating method of spent activated carbon using microwave |
| MD2333G2 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-06-30 | Институт Химии Академии Наук Молдовы | Process for regeneration of the activated coal exhausted in the water treatment process |
| ES2246655A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-02-16 | Consejo Sup. De Invest. Cientificas | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING MOLECULAR CARBON SIZES. |
| CN100334237C (en) * | 2003-08-30 | 2007-08-29 | 大连理工大学 | Reproducing method for carrier gold activated carbon |
| US7744824B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2010-06-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | On-board fuel desulfurization unit |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2107717A1 (en) * | 1971-02-18 | 1972-08-31 | Bamag Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 6308 Butzbach | Regeneration reactor for adsorbents - heated by microwave |
| JPS5760281A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-04-12 | Seiko Epson Corp | Control circuit for digital clock |
| DE3834831A1 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-19 | Fm Filtermaschinenbau Gmbh | Process and device for reactivating a carbon filter |
| DE4104513A1 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-29 | Chmiel Horst | Regeneration method for adsorbent carbon - by electrical heating of carbon material which has been removed from its locating unit and pressed into shapes or fibres |
-
1993
- 1993-05-18 GB GB939310206A patent/GB9310206D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-05-18 ZA ZA943432A patent/ZA943432B/en unknown
- 1994-05-18 WO PCT/GB1994/001063 patent/WO1994026661A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-05-18 AU AU66568/94A patent/AU6656894A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2107717A1 (en) * | 1971-02-18 | 1972-08-31 | Bamag Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 6308 Butzbach | Regeneration reactor for adsorbents - heated by microwave |
| JPS5760281A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-04-12 | Seiko Epson Corp | Control circuit for digital clock |
| DE3834831A1 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-19 | Fm Filtermaschinenbau Gmbh | Process and device for reactivating a carbon filter |
| DE4104513A1 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-29 | Chmiel Horst | Regeneration method for adsorbent carbon - by electrical heating of carbon material which has been removed from its locating unit and pressed into shapes or fibres |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 85, no. 22, 29 November 1976, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 162542k, page 144; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 87, no. 10, 5 September 1977, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 70374v, page 124; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 87, no. 2, 11 July 1977, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 8041f, page 124; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 88, no. 10, 6 March 1978, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 65675k, page 212; * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 99, no. 2, 11 July 1983, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 7671x, page 105; * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5948726A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1999-09-07 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Adsorbent and/or catalyst and binder system and method of making therefor |
| US5985790A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1999-11-16 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Method of making acid contacted enhanced aluminum oxide adsorbent particle |
| US6338830B1 (en) | 1994-12-07 | 2002-01-15 | Apyron Technologies, Inc. | Absorbent and/or catalyst and binder system and method of making and using therefor |
| US5955393A (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1999-09-21 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Enhanced adsorbent and room temperature catalyst particle and method of making therefor |
| WO1998017365A1 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-04-30 | Project Earth Industries, Inc. | Enhanced adsorbent and room temperature catalyst particle and method of making and using therefor |
| ES2143412A1 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2000-05-01 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Microwave-assisted process for obtaining basic-type carbonaceous materials, and relevant device |
| KR20020013801A (en) * | 2000-08-12 | 2002-02-21 | 이길환 | Manufacturing method of activated carbon and regenerating method of spent activated carbon using microwave |
| MD2333G2 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-06-30 | Институт Химии Академии Наук Молдовы | Process for regeneration of the activated coal exhausted in the water treatment process |
| CN100334237C (en) * | 2003-08-30 | 2007-08-29 | 大连理工大学 | Reproducing method for carrier gold activated carbon |
| ES2246655A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-02-16 | Consejo Sup. De Invest. Cientificas | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING MOLECULAR CARBON SIZES. |
| ES2246655B1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2007-06-01 | Consejo Sup. De Invest. Cientificas | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING MOLECULAR CARBON SIZES. |
| US7744824B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2010-06-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | On-board fuel desulfurization unit |
| US8466079B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2013-06-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | On-board fuel desulfurization unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6656894A (en) | 1994-12-12 |
| ZA943432B (en) | 1995-02-09 |
| GB9310206D0 (en) | 1993-06-30 |
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