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WO1995008819A1 - Dispositif d'accord electronique ameliore - Google Patents

Dispositif d'accord electronique ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995008819A1
WO1995008819A1 PCT/US1994/010576 US9410576W WO9508819A1 WO 1995008819 A1 WO1995008819 A1 WO 1995008819A1 US 9410576 W US9410576 W US 9410576W WO 9508819 A1 WO9508819 A1 WO 9508819A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tuning device
musical
tune
electronic tuning
fundamental frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/010576
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gary Miller
Doran M. Oster
Charles G. Crampton
Original Assignee
Sabine Musical Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/124,752 external-priority patent/US5388496A/en
Priority claimed from US08/261,955 external-priority patent/US5396827A/en
Application filed by Sabine Musical Manufacturing Company, Inc. filed Critical Sabine Musical Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Publication of WO1995008819A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995008819A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10G—REPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
    • G10G7/00—Other auxiliary devices or accessories, e.g. conductors' batons or separate holders for resin or strings
    • G10G7/02—Tuning forks or like devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tuning devices for musical instruments and singers, and more specifically, to electronic tuning devices for indicating the tuning of almost any type of musical instrument including band and orchestra instruments such as wind instruments along with stringed percussive instruments like guitars, pianos, harps, etc.; electronic musical instruments which have microphone pickups and amplifiers to generate acoustical sound vibrations in the air by speakers; and musical notes produced by a singer.
  • band and orchestra instruments such as wind instruments along with stringed percussive instruments like guitars, pianos, harps, etc.
  • electronic musical instruments which have microphone pickups and amplifiers to generate acoustical sound vibrations in the air by speakers
  • musical notes produced by a singer and musical notes produced by a singer.
  • a beat is an apparent oscillation of the loudness of a perceived tone when that tone is produced by two simultaneous tones of nearly, but not exactly the same frequency. Beats occur at a frequency equal to the difference between the two generating frequencies. For example, if a tuning fork is vibrating at a frequency of 440 Hz (440 cycles per second or in musical terms an A note) and a piano string is simultaneously vibrating at a fundamental frequency of 443 Hz, a definite rising and falling in the volume of the perceived tone will occur at a rate of three cycles per second.
  • the beat frequency will reduce to zero.
  • a beat frequency of zero there is simply no variation in the volume of the combined tone.
  • the tuning fork ' or the piano is the higher frequency.
  • the technician can only be sure the string is three Hertz off from the standard tone. Whether the string is sharp or flat still had to be determined by ear. Many times a trial adjustment was made and if the beat got faster, the knowledge was gained that the adjustment was in the wrong direction. The traditional method of tuning instruments left a lot to be desired and was entirely dependent on the skill of the tuning technician.
  • An electronic tuner for musical instruments has been marketed by Sabine Musical Manufacturing Company, Inc. of Gainesville, Florida since about 1987.
  • the tuner is set on a table top and uses a built-in microphone to sense tones produced by the musical instruments.
  • a signal output from the instrument or amplifier is directly connected by a cable to the electronic tuner.
  • the LED display of this prior art tuning device consists of a bottom row of twelve lights corresponding to the twelve musical notes in an octave, i.e. A, A# (Bb) , B, C, C# (Db), D, DU (Eb), E, F, F# (Gb), G and G# (Ab) .
  • a separate top row of three lights is provided for indicating flat, in-tune or sharp tuning conditions, respectively.
  • One of the twelve LEDs in the bottom row is lit to indicate the note of the incoming tone while one LED in the upper row is lit to indicate whether the incoming tone is in-tune, sharp (above the in-tune range) , or flat (below the in-tune range) .
  • the flat and sharp error indicating lights are operated at blink rates proportional to the magnitude of error.
  • Electronic tuning devices of the above type work best with the electronic instruments where electrical signals from the electronic instruments are fed directly into the tuning device circuitry.
  • Use of a microphone to pickup the tone from air-transmitted sound from acoustic instruments is susceptible to error or difficulty in tuning due to ambient noise also picked up by the microphone.
  • ambient noise or interfering tones are subject to being confused by the tuning device with the tone being transmitted by the instrument resulting in failure or difficulty in obtaining a tuning indication from the tuning device.
  • tuning devices of the above type generally have a relatively small in-tune range or window, for example plus or minus three or four cents, in order to prevent annoying beat frequencies and dissonance between tuned instruments.
  • Such tuning devices are most suitable for string instruments such as guitar, piano, harp, etc.
  • these tuners are generally not used in tuning band and orchestra instruments such as wind instruments including brass instruments and woodwinds like single and double reed instruments and flute type instruments. Only highly experienced or talented band and orchestra musicians can hold a tone within plus or minus four cents on wind instruments.
  • a pattern of eight lit LEDs in a circular array of sixteen LEDs rotates once per second when the incoming tone is exactly one Hertz greater or less than the set frequency.
  • the one second rotation of the pattern occurs when the incoming tone is sixteen Hertz greater or less than the set frequency.
  • the invention is summarized in an improved electronic tuning device for a musical instrument wherein the tuning device has a display with a row of light sources corresponding to musical notes; one of the light sources being operated to indicate the nearest musical note to a determined fundamental frequency of musical tone generated by the musical instrument; and the operation of the operated light source being controlled to indicate any deviation of the determined fundamental frequency from the nearest musical note.
  • a transducer converts the musical tone played by the musical instrument into electrical signals from which is determined the fundamental frequency of the musical tone.
  • the nearest musical note to said fundamental frequency of said musical tone is computed and the corresponding light source is operated to indicate both the nearest musical note and the deviation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic tuning device with a timed power shutoff feature which prevents unintentional discharging of the battery power source and which can be readily disabled for extensive tuning procedures.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a musical instrument tuning device with selectable in-tune ranges enabling use by beginners, students and accomplished musicians to tune band and orchestra instruments and voice.
  • Yet another object of the invention to provide an electronic tuning device with a single row of display lamps, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) , which indicate the width of a tuning window along with the frequency or note of a incoming tone and its in-tune or out-of-tune condition.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • One advantage of the invention is that a single light emitting source in a row of light emitting sources can be monitored to determine what musical tone is being played and whether that tone is sharp, flat, or in-tune with the desired musical note.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the spacing between a pair of energized light emitting sources in a row of light emitting sources indicates the width of a set in-tune range. Still another advantage of the invention is that an in-tune range or window is selected by depression of a calibration or range switch to step a tuner through the selectable in-tune ranges.
  • Additional features of the invention include the provision of three-color light sources for indicating notes in a scale of notes wherein the color indicates sharp, flat and in-tune conditions of the notes; the provision of blinking light sources for indicating notes in a scale of notes and deviations of tones from the notes; and automatic power off with simple disablement of the power off feature.
  • Fig. 1 is top plan view with a portion broken away of an electronic tuning device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevational section view of one variation of the electronic tuning device of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of electrical circuitry in the electronic tuning device of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 is step diagram of one variation of a program employed in a microprocessor in the circuitry of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of a variation of the electronic tuning device in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational section view of a another variation of the electronic tuning device of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a step diagram of another variation of the program for employment in the microprocessor in the circuitry of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 8 is a step diagram of a subroutine called by the program in Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram of a row of LEDs with corresponding note indicia in the electronic tuning devices of Figs. 1, 2 and 6.
  • Fig. 10 is a table listing pairs of blinking lights in the light row of Fig. 9 with the corresponding in-tune range set by the electronic tuning device according to the program variation of Fig. 7.
  • an electronic tuner for use in tuning a musical instrument is constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention and includes a casing 20 in which is mounted a display, indicated generally at 22, with a row of light sources, for example, twelve red-green dual light emitting diodes (LEDs) 24 which correspond to respective musical notes A, Al* (Bb), B, C, CU (Db), D, DK (Eb) , E, F, Fft (Gb), G and G# (Ab) .
  • the tuner includes an electronic circuit 28, Fig.
  • a pickup head such as a microphone or a transducer 30 converts an incoming tone from a musical instrument into electrical signals which are analyzed by a microprocessor 38 which operates the LED display 22.
  • the microprocessor 38 determines the fundamental frequency of the incoming tone, computes the nearest musical note, and operates the corresponding light source 24 in the display 22 in manner indicating the in- tune or out-of-tune condition of the incoming tone.
  • the microprocessor 38 controls the operated light source to select a color indicating an in-tune condition or a deviation such as flat or sharp condition of the tone from the nearest musical note and ⁇ or to blink the light source proportional to the deviation of the tone from the nearest musical note.
  • the signals from the pickup head 30 are amplified by an amplifier 32, filtered in a frequency response amplifier 34, and detected by a zero crossing detector 36 to provide a suitable waveform for analysis by the microprocessor 38; many other circuits are known in the art to produce similar or different waveforms suitable for analysis.
  • the processor 38 includes a second mode for operating the LEDs in the display 22 to indicate the width of the in- tune range to which the tuner is set.
  • a second mode for operating the LEDs in the display 22 to indicate the width of the in- tune range to which the tuner is set.
  • One example of indicating a set range selected from several in-tune ranges is illustrated in the table of Fig. 10 wherein pairs of the LEDs 24, see also Fig. 9, are turned on, flashed or blinked; the spacing between the activated LEDs indicates the set in-tune range so that the broadest in- tune range is indicated by the LEDs A and GU on the ends of the row 22 and the narrowest range is indicated by the two innermost LEDs D and D
  • the casing 20 has approximate outside overall dimensions of about 3 inches x 1.5 inches x 3/8 inch (7.6 centimeter x 3.8 centimeter x 1 centimeter) .
  • Casing 20 is made up of top member 50 with side walls 52 and a bottom plate 54 suitably secured in the side walls.
  • Casing 20 is preferably molded from a durable plastic material.
  • Side walls 52 extend slightly below the bottom edge of floor plate 54 to provide protection for the edges of an adhesive elastic pad 56, Fig. 2, or rubber feet 57, Fig. 6, which are secured on the bottom surface of the floor plate 54.
  • the pad 56 can be a conventional foam rubber or polyurethane tape such as that known as visco-elastic urethane tape which has adhesive on both sides.
  • the sticky pad 56 has an exposed releasable pressure sensitive adhesive layer 80 which adheres to any smooth relatively flat and clean surface upon which it is pressed.
  • the releasable nature of the adhesive 80 allows the tuning device to be removed from the surface to which it is stuck with the application of a moderate amount of lifting force.
  • the top and bottom members 50 and 54 together with the side walls 52 define an enclosed box structure within which are mounted the electronic components such as the circuit 28 of Fig. 3.
  • a circuit board 60 is mounted in the casing 20 and serves as a support and connection bus for the row of twelve two-color LED's 24 which selectively illuminate correspondingly labeled portions of a frosted face plate 62.
  • the illumination may be acco nlished in many different ways such as by providing small cutouts in the top plate, by making portions of the top plate transparent, or many other ways.
  • the individual LED's may be labelled with indicia such as:
  • a battery 64 shown hidden in Fig. 1, supplies power for the electronic circuit.
  • a door 66, Figs. 2 and 6, is provided in the bottom plate 54 for enabling the battery 64 to be replaced.
  • Top member 50 also has two openings for mounting push button switches 70 and 72. Suitable indicia identifying these switches are formed on top 50.
  • the switch 70 can be labeled as a calibration or range switch and the switch 72 can be labeled as a power switch.
  • Push buttons 70 and 72 are designed to make contact with inner spring biased switch elements 74 and 76, respectively, when manually depressed.
  • inner switch elements 74 and 76 are supported on the circuit board 60.
  • the pickup head or transducer 30 is centrally mounted on the inside of the top member 54.
  • Fig. 4 One example of a program for operating the processor chip 38 of Fig. 3 is illustrated in Fig. 4. Operation begins at the step 100 when the power switch 72 is closed and proceeds through power up initialization 102 to step 104 where it is determined if the power switch 72 is depressed. The power switch must remain depressed sufficiently to distinguish from an incidental induced signal; otherwise the program branches to step 106 and a power down sequence.
  • step 104 the program branches to step 108 where it is determined if the calibration switch 70 is also depressed. If the calibration switch is not depressed, a power shut down timer is started in step 110. This timer will later power down the tuner after a predetermined time, for example about two minutes, ten minutes or other time period. Normal operation of the power switch 72 initiates the timer which automatically shuts down the tuner after the set delay.
  • the program will bypass the timer initiating step 110 so that the tuner can operate continuously. Continuous operation is desirable for tuning some instruments, for example, harps, pianos, etc.
  • the program waits in step 112 for the power and calibration switches 70 and 72 to be released.
  • the processor then begins procedure 114 to determine the fundamental frequency of the input signal from the transducer 30.
  • the procedure 114 is a conventional procedure where the arriving output of the zero crossing detector 36 is used by the processor 38 to determine the fundamental frequency.
  • the fundamental frequency can be determined by first determining the appropriate octave and then determining the cent value (logarithmic) relative to the note "A" in that octave. After determining the fundamental frequency of the tone, the nearest standard note on a stored scale of notes is determined in step 116.
  • step 116 can determine the nearest note by a conventional algorithm based upon frequency or cent value of one note, for example "A", in the corresponding octave.
  • step 118 it is determined if the sensed frequency is above the nearest standard note by more than a predetermined value, such as three cents. If step 118 is true, the red LED of that standard note is turned on in step 120. Otherwise the program proceeds to step 122 where it is determined if the sensed frequency is below the nearest standard note by more than the predetermined value, such as three cents. If step 122 is true the program will proceed to step 124 where both the red and green LEDs corresponding to the nearest standard note are turned on. The mixture of red and green gives an amber color.
  • step 126 the program proceeds to step 126 where the corresponding LED or LEDs are turned off and on at a blink rate which is proportional to the absolute value of difference of the tone frequency from the nearest standard note. If steps 118 and 122 are both false, the program in step 128 turns on the green LED; i.e., the green LED indicates that the fundamental frequency of the tone being sensed is within ⁇ three cents of the corresponding note. Additionally the green note is maintained on steady and not turned on and off at any blink rate to contrast the green in-tune condition from the out-of-tune conditions of sharpness (red) and flat (amber) .
  • the program in step 130 determines if the timer was started back in step 110 and if so whether the time has now expired. If the timer is active and the time has expired the program proceeds to the power down procedure 106 where any LEDs are turned off. Additionally in the power down procedure 106, the energization of the processor is placed in a minimum or quiescent power condition, and where appropriate, other circuit components are turned off.
  • the program in step 132 determines if the power push button switch 72 has been operated. If it is now pressed the unit is powered down by the power down procedure 106. Thus the power switch acts as a toggle with the first press turning the unit on and a successive depression turning the unit off.
  • step 134 the calibration switch 70 is again checked. If the calibrate switch 70 is depressed, the program branches to step 136 where the fundamental frequency of the tone being input is determined similar to step 114. Then in step 138 the scale used in step 116 is adjusted to correspond to the sensed fundamental frequency. Alternatively an offset, in either frequency or cents, can be determined in step 138 for use in step 114 or 116.
  • the calibration steps 136 and 138 are designed to enable the tuning device to be calibrated on a second instrument, for example a piano, and then used to tune a first instrument, for example a guitar, to be in- tune with the second instrument.
  • the program loops to the determine frequency step 114.
  • the in-tune range is set to the widest range, for example, from plus 49 to minus 49 cents as shown in Fig. 10 corresponding to LEDs A & G ⁇ t, Fig. 9.
  • the set in-tune range can be set equal to the in-tune range at which the tuner was set when last turned off.
  • the tuner In step 111 following initiation of the automatic shutdown timer or timer-1, the tuner indicates the normal timer power shut-down mode, for example by momentarily turning on the green DJi LED such as for one to three or more seconds.
  • the tuner in step 109 indicates the continuous mode, for example by momentarily turning on both the green C# and D
  • step 112 the program proceeds to step 113 where the program calls a range subroutine illustrated in Fig. 8.
  • step 170 of the range subroutine the lights or LEDs illustrating the current in-tune range setting are turned on.
  • the table in Fig. 10 lists six in-tune window widths or ranges along with the corresponding LEDs used to indicate each range. The spacing between the activated LEDs indicates the width of the set in-tune range. If the current in-tune range is ⁇ 49 cents, then the LEDs A and G#, Fig. 9, are turned on.
  • a range display timer or timer-2 is set.
  • the range display timer is set for a duration equal to a selected time for display of the in- tune range, for example about three seconds or any other shorter or longer desirable time period for indicating the in-tune range.
  • step 174 the program waits until the range switch 70 is found open whereupon step 176 determines if the time set in range display timer has expired. If true the program returns to the step in the main program of Fig. 7 following the point where the range subroutine was called. Otherwise the program proceeds to step 178 where it is determined if the calibration or range switch 70 is closed. When the switch 70 is open, the program continues to cycle through steps 176 and 178 until timer-2 expires. Thus when the tuner is powered up, the in-tune range is displayed for the duration of timer-2.
  • the musician can change the in-tune range by pressing the range push button switch 70 during the display of the in-tune range.
  • Closing the range switch 70 causes the program to branch from step 178 to step 180 where it is determined if the present set in-tune range is the narrowest range in the possible in-tune ranges, for example plus or minus five cents in the table of Fig. 10. If false, the program in step 182 selects the next narrower range as the set in-tune range. Contrarily if true, the program in step 184 selects the broadest in-tune range such as plus or minus forty-nine cents in the example of Fig. 10.
  • step 182 or step 184 the program goes back to step 170 to change the in-tune range displayed by the display 22 to the new setting. Steps 172, 174, 176 and 178 are then repeated.
  • the musician can successively select narrower tuning ranges until the narrowest range is selected whereupon the next operation of the switch 70 selects the broadest in-tune range.
  • step 190 determines if the calibration or range switch 70 is closed. From the main program of Fig. 7, the musician by pressing the range switch 70 causes the program to branch from step 190 to step 192 which calls the range subroutine of Fig. 8 to display the in-tune range at anytime even when the tuner is detecting a tone. Furthermore re-pressing the range switch in rapid succession (before timer-2 expires) results in changing the in-tune range. As described above, the musician can thus select successively narrower in-tune ranges while timer-2 remains active in the range subroutine until the narrowest range is reached whereupon the next depression of the range switch selects the broadest range.
  • step 194 determines if a tone is being sensed, for example, by determining if the output of the zero crossing detector 36 is a repeating pattern.
  • the processor then proceeds through the routine represented by steps 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130 and 132, as previously described, except that in step 118, it is determined if the sensed frequency is above the nearest standard note by more than the set upper limit of the in-tune range, for example see Fig.
  • step 128 turns on the green LED; i.e., the green LED i ⁇ dicates that the fundamental frequency of the tone being sensed is within the set range (plus or minus the corresponding window width of Fig. 10) of the nearest musical note.
  • step 194 the program branches to step 196 where the corresponding red LEDs of LEDs 24 for the set range, such as in the table of Fig. 10, are flashed or blinked.
  • the dual blinking red LEDs indicate the idle condition, and the spacing between the blinking LEDs indicates the set in-tune range.
  • a slow blink rate, such a one second or other long duration delay between flashes, is easily recognized as the idle state where no incoming tone is sensed.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variation of the tuning device wherein a casing 150 of the tuning device is mounted directly on the instrument, such as within the sound box of a guitar 152.
  • This variation differs from the embodiment of Figs. 1-4 in that the row of twelve two-color LED's 24 are mounted in a separate narrow case 154 which is mounted on the upper surface 156 of finger board 158 of the guitar 152.
  • the LED's 24 are connected to the control electronics in case 150 by means of a cable and plug assembly 160.
  • Power switch 72 has also been placed in the narrow case 154 adjacent the LED's 24.
  • Case 150 is attached, for example, to the support board 162 on the interior of guitar 152.
  • Screw 164 is show as a semi ⁇ permanent attachment means for case 150 in this embodiment as opposed to the sticky pad attachment used in the embodiment Fig. 2.
  • the narrow case 154 can be secured to the finger bar by an adhesive, screw, or any other suitable fastening means or can be embedded in some portion of the instrument, such as in the finger board.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Music (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif électronique d'accord comprend un affichage (22) avec une seule rangée de diodes électroluminescentes (24) qui correspondent aux notes de musique. Lorsque la fréquence fondamentale d'un son d'entrée est détectée (114), la diode électroluminescente (DEL) correspondante est actionnée (120, 124, 128) et indique la note la plus proche. En outre, les diodes électroluminescentes sont actionnées de façon proportionnelle à la déviation par rapport à la note, par exemple en clignotant (126) et/ou en produisant différentes couleurs, telles que le vert, le rouge et le jaune, afin d'indiquer (118, 122) l'accord ou le désaccord. Dans un mode de réalisation, on peut utiliser un tampon adhésif en caoutchouc (56) à double face afin de monter de manière détachable le dispositif d'accord sur un instrument, de sorte que l'on puisse facilement enlever le dispositif de l'instrument de musique et le tenir prêt pour sa prochaine utilisation. Le tampon en caoutchouc sert à atténuer des vibrations mécaniques de haute fréquence de l'instrument de musique, ce qui améliore la précision et la polyvalence de l'unité. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'affichage (154) est monté à l'extérieur de l'instrument de musique (152) alors que les circuits (150) de détection des sons sont montés à l'intérieur de l'instrument de musique, par exemple dans la caisse de résonance d'une guitare. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif électronique d'accord a des portées d'accord à largeur sélectionnable. Des paires sélectionnées de diodes électroluminescentes (24) sont activées dans ces portées, en étant branchées, en clignotant ou en émettant des éclairs de lumière, de sorte que l'espacement entre chaque paire activée de diodes électroluminescences indique la largeur de la portée d'accord dans un mode indicateur de portée.
PCT/US1994/010576 1993-09-22 1994-09-22 Dispositif d'accord electronique ameliore WO1995008819A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/124,752 1993-09-22
US08/124,752 US5388496A (en) 1993-09-22 1993-09-22 Electronic tuning device
US08/261,955 1994-06-17
US08/261,955 US5396827A (en) 1994-06-17 1994-06-17 Tuner with variable tuning window

Publications (1)

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WO1995008819A1 true WO1995008819A1 (fr) 1995-03-30

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4014242A (en) * 1973-09-24 1977-03-29 Inventronics, Inc. Apparatus for use in the tuning of musical instruments
US4018124A (en) * 1975-11-26 1977-04-19 Rosado Ruperto L Automatic guitar tuner for electric guitars
US4019419A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Tuning device
US4041832A (en) * 1975-11-25 1977-08-16 Risch Douglas M Tuning aids
US4429609A (en) * 1981-12-14 1984-02-07 Warrender David J Pitch analyzer
US4796509A (en) * 1986-11-22 1989-01-10 Yamaha Corporation Electronic tuning apparatus
US5016515A (en) * 1990-10-29 1991-05-21 Robert L. Scott Precise electronic aid to musical instrument tuning

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4014242A (en) * 1973-09-24 1977-03-29 Inventronics, Inc. Apparatus for use in the tuning of musical instruments
US4019419A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Tuning device
US4041832A (en) * 1975-11-25 1977-08-16 Risch Douglas M Tuning aids
US4018124A (en) * 1975-11-26 1977-04-19 Rosado Ruperto L Automatic guitar tuner for electric guitars
US4429609A (en) * 1981-12-14 1984-02-07 Warrender David J Pitch analyzer
US4796509A (en) * 1986-11-22 1989-01-10 Yamaha Corporation Electronic tuning apparatus
US5016515A (en) * 1990-10-29 1991-05-21 Robert L. Scott Precise electronic aid to musical instrument tuning

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