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WO1995011863A1 - Chemises en ciment renforce par fibres de verre pour pipelines et tubages - Google Patents

Chemises en ciment renforce par fibres de verre pour pipelines et tubages Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995011863A1
WO1995011863A1 PCT/US1994/009922 US9409922W WO9511863A1 WO 1995011863 A1 WO1995011863 A1 WO 1995011863A1 US 9409922 W US9409922 W US 9409922W WO 9511863 A1 WO9511863 A1 WO 9511863A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
cement
lining
slurry
conduit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/009922
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William C. Allen
David E. Stikkers
Daniel P. Hoyer
Original Assignee
Union Oil Company Of California
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Oil Company Of California filed Critical Union Oil Company Of California
Priority to AU76437/94A priority Critical patent/AU7643794A/en
Publication of WO1995011863A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995011863A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/06—Coatings characterised by the materials used by cement, concrete, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0027—Standardised cement types
    • C04B2103/0028—Standardised cement types according to API
    • C04B2103/0035—Type G
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0027—Standardised cement types
    • C04B2103/0028—Standardised cement types according to API
    • C04B2103/0038—Type K
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0037—Materials containing oriented fillers or elements
    • C04B2111/00379—Materials containing oriented fillers or elements the oriented elements being fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
    • C04B2111/00525—Coating or impregnation materials for metallic surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/56—Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting, or for coating concrete pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
    • Y10S138/06—Corrosion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of lining pipes, and to pipes so lined, exposed to corrosive environments particularly to cement liners for metal pipe that carry corrosive fluids.
  • Cement is used to line pipes that are conduits for corrosive or otherwise hard to handle compositions.
  • One class of such corrosive compositions that must be transported through pipes is geothermal brines used to extract power from the earth.
  • the cement used to line such pipes can be standard portland cement used without any special additives, many special cements are used for this purpose.
  • TJ. S. Patent 5,122,554 said patent incorporated by reference in full herein, describes enhanced polymer concrete compositions.
  • Polymer cements have the disadvantage of being more costly to produce than cements hydrated with water.
  • water hydrated cements are subject to cracking caused by dry shrinkage during manufacture and storage, mechanical jarring during fabrication into pipelines, and corrosion and erosion during use as pipelines. The cracks propagate until they penetrate through the cement liner and allow the corrosive contents of the pipe to contact the metal shell of the pipe, which, in turn, causes metal corrosion and the eventual failure of the pipe.
  • a lining for metal pipes comprising cement, between about 1 to 10 dry wt% glass fibers, and between 25 and 50 wt% silica flour added to the cement.
  • a method for making cement lined pipes comprising: hydrating a dry mixture comprising between 50 and 75 wt% cement and between 25 and 50 wt% silica flour enough to form a homogenous slurry; adding glass fibers; mixing the slurry until the glass fibers are evenly mixed throughout the slurry; and placing the cement slurry on the interior surface of metal pipes.
  • a conduit for containing corrosive liquids comprising: an outer metal shell; and a cement lining attached to the interior surface of the shell, said lining including at least some fibers.
  • a cement reinforced with micro fibers and/or macro fibers is preferably used to line pipes.
  • the pipes are typically lined with between about a 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch layer of the cement comprising between about 50 to 75 dry wt% cement, between about 1 to 10 dry wt% glass fibers, and 25 to 50 dry wt% silica flour.
  • the pipes so lined are corrosion resistant, and, in particular, they are especially resistant to the corrosion caused by geothermal fluids.
  • the corrosion resistant pipes may be made by adding enough water to a mixture of between 50 and 75 wt % cement, and between 25 and 50 wt silica flour to form a homogenous slurry, adding glass fibers to the slurry and mixing the slurry with the added glass fibers until the glass fibers are evenly mixed throughout the slurry.
  • the slurry may then be placed in a metal pipe and distributed on the interior surface of the pipe.
  • the pipe is cylindrical, it is rapidly rotated around its axis to evenly distribute the slurry on the inside surface of the pipe.
  • the pipes made by this invention preferably provide a conduit for containing corrosive liquids.
  • the pipes may comprise a metal shell, and a cement lining usually between about 1/8 inch and 1/2 inch thick in the interior of the metal shell. If the pipe is cylindrical and has been rotated, the glass fibers preferably form a stratum of high fiber concentration within the cement lining proximate the metal shell.
  • the metal shell is an elongate tube, and at least 30% of the glass fibers have their long dimension oriented within 30 degrees of the parallel to the plane of the local area.
  • the cements useful in the present invention include portland type cements, particularly those identified by the American Petroleum Institute as G-type and K-type, two types of cement used primarily to finish oil wells.
  • the ideal cement would have no change in dimension as it sets; however, real cements tend to expand (K-type) or shrink (G-type) during curing.
  • the cement layer includes a fibrous material making the cement more resistant to crack propagation, and the pipes are lined with this material to better resist corrosion and failure. The added fibers stop the propagation of cracks within the cement.
  • Other cements that can be used in this invention include the quick setting high alumina-content non-portland type cements.
  • K-type cement is particularly preferred as the cement in this invention. Any cracks that might have been formed in the cement due to jarring or dry shrinkage, or other reasons, are squeezed out by the release of compressive strain resulting from the expansion of the cement upon cure. Although the added fibers tend to increase the tensile strength of K-type cement, they do not increase the tensile strength of G-type cement. However, G-type cement is useful in this invention because the fibers stop the propagation of cracks in the cement, rather than providing added tensile strength.
  • compositions of this invention also include a non-fibrous aggregate.
  • the preferred non-fibrous aggregate used in the cement of the present invention is silica flour.
  • the silica flour does not hydrate when the cement slurry is formed and comprises between about 85 wt% and 100 wt% silica particles (SiO_) averaging from about 1 to 100 microns in size of particles of varying sizes.
  • a typical mixture comprises 10% particles smaller than 3.2 microns, 50% smaller than 18.4 microns, and 90% smaller than 61.8 microns.
  • the silica flour provides added resistance to carbonation to the mixture.
  • silica flour particles be as rough as possible, and silica flour made from smooth, round particles is preferably avoided.
  • silica flour made from smooth, round particles is preferably avoided.
  • the fibers are then added to the aqueous slurry.
  • Preferred fibers can be either micro fibers or macro fibers.
  • Micro fibers have a diameter between about 30 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ and an aspect ratio (the ratio of diameter to length) between about 20 and 500 to 1.
  • Macro fibers have a diameter between about 50 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ and an aspect ratio between about 20 and 500 to 1.
  • the ranges of dimensions for micro fibers and macro fibers as defined above overlap because any batch of fibrous material will contain a wide range of sizes of particles.
  • micro fibers will have a median diameter of between about 100 ⁇ and 125 ⁇ and the macro fibers will have a median diameter between about 225 ⁇ and 275 ⁇ .
  • Preferred micro fibers include Wollastonite (CaO ⁇ SiO ⁇ and preferred macro fibers include glass fibers.
  • fibers of the same dimensions for example, metal fibers, preferably metal fibers that resist corrosion such as titanium fibers, fibrous minerals, for example asbestos, and other fibers, such as graphite fibers, can also be used in the compositions of this invention.
  • Preferred fibers will not hydrate in the slurry.
  • the preferred macro fibers are fine glass fibers fused together into bundles of many parallel fibers. It is the bundles, not the individual component fibers, that have the preferred dimensions, including aspect ratios between 20 to 500 to 1, having diameters between about 30 ⁇ and 200 / x, and lengths between 3mm (approx. 1/8 in.) and 12 mm (approx. 1/2 in.).
  • the preferred size is approximately 6mm having an aspect ratio between about 200: 1 and 300: 1.
  • Sources of fibers meeting these specifications are, for the glass fibers, Chem-Fil Ltd.; Merseyside, England, U.K., and Thalco; City of Commerce, CA, U.S. A, and for the Wollastonite, Prescott & Co.; Mississaugo, Ont., Canada.
  • These fibers are added to the premixed slurry.
  • the fibers can be added at any time during the formulation of the cement, it is greatly preferred to add them to the cement slurry after the slurry has been premixed for between about 2 and 5 minutes.
  • An amount between about 0.5 wt% and 10 wt%, the preferred amount being between about 1 wt% and 4 wt%, with about 1 wt% being the most preferred, of fibers are added to the cement, when the wt% is based on the weights of the dry materials.
  • the preferred concentration of the preferred fibers is about 2 wt% of 6mm fibers. Higher concentrations of fibers, particularly higher concentrations of macro fibers, tend to result in the fibers clumping together in the slurry. This clumping creates a hard-to-handle slurry. Furthermore, the benefit of adding fibers seems to taper off for concentrations greater than 10 wt%. Therefore, it is preferred that the micro fibers be added to the slurry in the same concentrations as the macro fibers.
  • the fibers help to distribute the stresses induced by the volume change of the cement as it cures.
  • Shrinking occurs with non-expansive cements, typically occurring during the curing phase and varying with the cement used, the amount of water used in the cement slurry, and the extent of post cure drying. Shrinkage even occurs with expansive cements if the cement is allowed to completely dry in the post curing phase.
  • cracks introduced from rough handling during storage and shipping are prevented from propagating by the addition of either the micro fibers or macro fibers.
  • Enough slurry is placed into the pipe to cover the interior surface of the pipe with between about 1/8 inch and 1/2 inch, preferably between 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch, cement slurry.
  • the pipe is cylindrical, it can be rapidly rotated around its longitudinal axis to distribute the slurry evenly throughout the interior of the pipe.
  • the pipe is preferably rotated rapidly enough to generate a force of at least 1.5 G (where G is the force of gravity at the surface of the earth), and preferably greater than 2 G at the interior surface of the pipe.
  • G is the force of gravity at the surface of the earth
  • the slurry can be spread by other conventional cement spreading means and left to cure.
  • the pipe joints and conduit made joining the pipe joints made by the method of this invention is characterized by an outer shell, preferably a metal shell, usually a steel pipe, with a cementitious layer lining the inside surface of the pipe.
  • an outer shell preferably a metal shell, usually a steel pipe
  • the fibers added to the cement tend to form a stratum proximate the metal shell.
  • the fibers of the spun pipes tend to lie parallel to a local plane defined by extending radii from the axis of the pipe to the liner, the angle between the radii not exceeding about 5 degrees. .Although the local area is not planar, the fibers will be aligned to within about 30 degrees of the plane of the area. At least 30%, preferably 50%, and most preferably more than 60%, of the fibers in the stratum will be aligned to within about 30% of the local area.
  • EXAMPLE This example shows the use of the present invention to make several casing joints which were compared to joints made with conventional non-fibrous cements.
  • the cement was made by mixing 100 pounds of Type-G cement with about 40 pounds of silica flour and mixing batches using a paddle mixer. Fibers were added to the slurry in one pound, one and one half pound, and three pound amounts in both 6mm and 12 mm lengths after the slurry had been mixed for about two minutes. It was seen that the 3% fibers concentrations tended to form clumps and cause difficulties with the fabrication equipment. Enough of a batch of cement was placed into metal conduit to produce between a 1/4 inch and 5/8 inch lining. The resulting pipe section joints produced were stored for three to four weeks before installation. Then the joints were inspected by inserting a video camera down into the pipes.
  • the video image showed significantly fewer cracks for the fibrous lined pipes than for similar pipes made with conventional, non-fibrous cement.
  • the joints were then placed into use at a geothermal brine production well and a geothermal brine injection well near the bottom of both well strings to test the most severe environment in both wells.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des chemises en ciment pour tuyaux métalliques qui comprennent un matériau fibreux, tel que des fibres de verre, servant à éviter le fissurage et/ou empêcher la propagation de fissures.
PCT/US1994/009922 1993-10-29 1994-08-29 Chemises en ciment renforce par fibres de verre pour pipelines et tubages WO1995011863A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76437/94A AU7643794A (en) 1993-10-29 1994-08-29 Glass fiber reinforced cement liners for pipelines and casings

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14506493A 1993-10-29 1993-10-29
US145,064 1993-10-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995011863A1 true WO1995011863A1 (fr) 1995-05-04

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ID=22511447

Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5649568A (fr)
AU (1) AU7643794A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995011863A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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WO1998033749A1 (fr) * 1997-02-01 1998-08-06 Wrc Plc Compositions a base de ciment et leur utilisation pour exercer une protection contre la corrosion

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US6397895B1 (en) 1999-07-02 2002-06-04 F. Glenn Lively Insulated pipe
ATE404505T1 (de) * 2001-08-06 2008-08-15 Schlumberger Technology Bv Faserverstärkte zementzusammensetzung mit niedriger dichte
DE10341393B3 (de) 2003-09-05 2004-09-23 Pierburg Gmbh Luftansaugkanalsystem für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine
US7178597B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2007-02-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising high aspect ratio materials and methods of use in subterranean formations
US7537054B2 (en) * 2004-07-02 2009-05-26 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising high aspect ratio materials and methods of use in subterranean formations
US20060157244A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-07-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Compositions comprising melt-processed inorganic fibers and methods of using such compositions
US7174961B2 (en) * 2005-03-25 2007-02-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of cementing using cement compositions comprising basalt fibers
DE102006017004B3 (de) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-25 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Vermischung von Frischluft und Heizluft sowie Verwendung derselben in einem Belüftungssystem eines Flugzeuges
WO2014143489A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2014-09-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Système de surveillance de revêtement de canalisation
US10190370B1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2019-01-29 Stc.Unm Composite wellbore seal system with sensing and self-healing capabilities
DE102016108584A1 (de) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Duktus (Production) Gmbh Rohr und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohrs

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998033749A1 (fr) * 1997-02-01 1998-08-06 Wrc Plc Compositions a base de ciment et leur utilisation pour exercer une protection contre la corrosion
US6960379B1 (en) 1997-02-01 2005-11-01 Wrc Plc Cementitious compositions and their use in corrosion protection

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AU7643794A (en) 1995-05-22

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