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WO1995029849A1 - Palette - Google Patents

Palette Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995029849A1
WO1995029849A1 PCT/SE1995/000238 SE9500238W WO9529849A1 WO 1995029849 A1 WO1995029849 A1 WO 1995029849A1 SE 9500238 W SE9500238 W SE 9500238W WO 9529849 A1 WO9529849 A1 WO 9529849A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
base
deck
pallet according
base tubes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1995/000238
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ingmar Andreasson
Original Assignee
Byggnads Aktiebolaget Berglöf & Velander
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Byggnads Aktiebolaget Berglöf & Velander filed Critical Byggnads Aktiebolaget Berglöf & Velander
Priority to AU23771/95A priority Critical patent/AU2377195A/en
Publication of WO1995029849A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995029849A1/fr
Priority to SE9603883A priority patent/SE9603883D0/xx

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0053Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0077Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0089Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0093Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0095Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009Materials
    • B65D2519/00014Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00019Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009Materials
    • B65D2519/00049Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00054Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00273Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00293Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00323Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00333Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00398Overall construction reinforcements
    • B65D2519/00432Non-integral, e.g. inserts
    • B65D2519/00442Non-integral, e.g. inserts on the base surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547Connections
    • B65D2519/00552Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547Connections
    • B65D2519/00552Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00562Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pallet produced preferably from multi-layered paper or cardboard.
  • Pallets with different designs and of different materials are widely known for loading cargo to be shipped with different means of transport.
  • the pallets are commonly provided with spaces and/or recesses for the forks of forklift trucks and pallet lifters for ease of handling.
  • the most common material is and has been wood, being a robust material, by which a pallet could be produced relatively easy.
  • Pallets made of wood are however relatively heavy, reducing the weight of payload on for instance a semi ⁇ trailer truck.
  • other materials have been used, such as paper and cardboard, which are wound or rolled to form tubes with a number of layers joined together with suitable adhesives.
  • a pallet with good resistance against moisture and a far lighter and cheaper construction is obtained.
  • the Swedish patent SE-B-459 251 discloses a pallet comprising a number of base parts in the form of square tubes produced of multi-layered paper or cardboard. These square tubes are put together and joined to form a "grid". This construction is relatively complicated to produce and is questionable as regards to twisting strength, when all the tubes lie in the same plane and are provided with recesses for lift forks.
  • the Swiss patent CH-486 376 discloses a pallet with three longitudinal base units and a cargo-carrying deck on top of these.
  • All the components comprise paper wound in multi-layers, but however with a circular cross-section which drastically reduces the possibility to join these together, negatively affecting the strength and stiffness of the pallet. Furthermore, there are no recesses or the like transverse the pallet for lift forks.
  • the aim of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and thus to produce a pallet of paper or cardboard which is significantly improved as regards to strength, stiffness, lifting abilities as well as being relatively simple to produce.
  • This aim is achieved according to the present invention with a pallet comprising a base section and a deck forming a cargo-carrying surface with a rectangular shape joined to the base section, characterised in
  • the base section is formed of a number of longitudinal base tubes consisting of square tubes of multi-layered paper or cardboard, each of said base tubes showing a pair of vertical side walls defining the height of the base section, a lower horizontal bottom wall and an upper horizontal wall,
  • the deck is formed of transverse deck tubes, also consisting of square tubes of multi-layered paper or cardboard, said deck tubes covering the base tubes, -the vertical walls of the deck tubes are substantially lower than the vertical walls of the base tubes,
  • the base tubes comprise at least a pair of outer base tubes forming the sides of the base section and eventually a middle base tube (depending of the size of the pallet; with so called half-pallets, no middle tube is required), whereby the spaces between -that the outer base tubes and the middle base tube form longitudinal spaces for lift forks, and
  • the base tubes are provided with pieces of square tube set on end inside said base tubes for closing the ends and for stiffness.
  • Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of the pallet according to the invention from above and from the side
  • Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of the pallet of fig. 1 from below and from the side.
  • the pallet according to the invention shown in figs. 1 and 2 has a rectangular shape and comprises a base section 1 in the form of a number of longitudinal base tubes 2, 3 consisting of square tubes of multilayered paper or cardboard, each of said base tubes showing a pair of vertical side walls defining the height of the base section, a lower horizontal bottom wall and an upper horizontal wall, and a deck 4 forming a cargo- carrying surface.
  • the base section 1 comprises a pair of outer base tubes 2 forming the sides of the base section and a middle base tube 3, whereby the spaces between the outer base tubes 2 and the middle base tube 3 form longitudinal spaces for lift forks.
  • pieces of square tubes 5 are pressed in on end, fig.
  • the deck section 4 consists of transverse deck tubes 6, also these being square tubes produced of multi-layered paper or cardboard, each of said deck tubes 6 showing a pair of vertical side walls 9 defining the height of the deck, a lower horizontal wall and an upper horizontal wall.
  • These transverse deck tubes 6 are preferably substantially lower than the base tubes and arranged side by side and joined together in a suitable manner. They are also joined to the upper side of the base tubes 2, 3 and preferably placed so that the outer ends of the deck tubes 6 substantially coincide with the planes formed by the outer sides of the vertical side walls 8 of the outer base tubes 2.
  • some deck tubes are excluded so that the deck consists of sections of deck tubes joined together with space between them. The spaces formed between the sections serve as drainage of the deck.
  • a cover sheet 10 comprised of one or more layers of paper or cardboard is attached in angle around the upper edges 11 of the pallet with a horizontal part covering the upper side of the deck 4 along the long sides of the deck and a vertical part covering the ends of the deck tubes 6 and along the outer side of the vertical side walls 8 of the outer base tubes 2.
  • the cover sheet 10 preferably covers the entirety of the outer vertical side walls 8, but may also cover parts of the side walls 8, such as is disclosed in the drawings for ease of understanding.
  • the upper surface of the deck is no longer plane, and for some cargo it is necessary to cover the deck with a sheet of the same thickness as the cover sheets 10 and with a width that corresponds to the distance between the cover sheets on the deck. It is also possible to replace the cover sheets 10 with one large sheet which covers the whole upper surface of the deck and is folded around the corners and onto the outer surfaces of the outer base tubes and is attached to said surfaces.
  • the base tubes 2 may be provided with recesses 15 forming transverse spaces for lift forks.
  • the vertical side walls of the recesses 15 preferably consist of the pieces of square tube 5 which are pressed into the base tubes 2 according to above. Because the square pieces 5 receive a somewhat convex form as described above, the guiding of lift forks into the recesses 15 is simplified.
  • the cover sheet 10 is folded into the recesses 15 and is joined to the underside of the upper horizontal wall 16 of the base tubes 2 in the area of the recesses 15.
  • All parts of the pallet are preferably produced of multi-layered paper or cardboard and wound or rolled in a known manner to form tubes.
  • the rolling is done in such a way that the direction of the fibres in the paper, that are directed in the longitudinal direction of the paper web during the paper manufacturing process, are oriented transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tube. In this way, the tube can withstand loads transverse its longitudinal direction better.
  • the paper or cardboard preferably has a thickness of 200-500 g/m 2 and the tubes preferably have 6-7 layers, i.e. a thickness of 4-5 mm.
  • adhesive or accelerator is used for the joining of the layers. If the stock paper is coated with plastic, accelerator is added, providing the adhering. For uncoated stock paper, adhesive is used. Normally the outermost and innermost layer is coated with plastic while the rest of the layers are untreated.
  • the production of the pallet is as follows.
  • the base tubes 2, 3 are produced according to known methods as square tubes. If desired, the recesses 15 for lift forks are then made in the base tubes 2, 3.
  • Pieces of tubes 5 are then pressed into the ends of the base tubes and when necessary in the recesses 15, said pieces of tubes 5 form closings and stiffeners of the base tubes 2, 3.
  • the deck 4 is produced from square profiles of multi-layered paper or cardboard which are joined together side by side with suitable adhesive, and the base tubes are joined to the deck. After that the angled profile 10 is joined around the corners on the long side of the pallet, against the deck and against the outer sides 8 of the outer base tubes 2.
  • the angled profile is also folded into the recesses 15, if present, and the chamfering of the edges 17 is performed according to above. Finally the pallet is surface treated so that all end surfaces of the base tubes and the angled profile are closed, and if desired, the pallet is provided with company labels.
  • the pallet according to the invention is preferably produced with a height of the base section of 105 mm and the base tubes 2 are preferably rectangular, where the width of the vertical walls is larger than the horizontal.
  • the deck 4 shall preferably be as low as possible in order that the pallet shall intrude as little as possible on the space for payload.
  • the deck tubes 6 may have a quadratic, or more suitable, rectangular cross- section with the vertical sides shorter. They may be manufactured in a way that firstly a square tube is produced with a dimension of 130 x 90 mm. After that the short sides of the tube are split along their centre lines so that two U-beams are obtained with a width of 130 mm and a height of 45 mm.
  • the U-beams are placed into each other and towards each other and the side edges are glued together in pairs so that a tube- formed beam with double side walls is obtained with a dimension of 130 x 45 mm.
  • the deck beams thus produced will have a significant resistance against bending and collapsing thanks to the double side walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une palette comportant une partie de base (1) et un plateau (4) constituant une surface rectangulaire de transport de fret. L'invention est caractérisée par le fait que la partie de base (1) est constituée par plusieurs tubes longitudinaux (2, 3) consistant en des tubes carrés formés par des couches multiples de papier ou de carton, chacun desdits tubes (2, 3) présentant une paire de parois latérales verticales (8) définissant la hauteur de la partie de base, une paroi inférieure horizontale et une paroi supérieure horizontale; le plateau (4) est constitué par des tubes transversaux (6) consistant également en des tubes carrés formés par des couches multiples de papier ou de carton, lesdits tubes (6) recouvrant les tubes de la base (2); les tubes du plateau (6) sont accouplés aux parois supérieures horizontales des tubes de la base (2); les parois verticales (9) des tubes du plateau (6) sont sensiblement plus basses que celles des tubes de la base (2); et les tubes de la base comprennent au moins une paire de tubes extérieurs (2) constituant les côtés (8) de la partie de base et, de ce fait, les espaces entre les tubes contigus (2) constituent des espaces longitudinaux pour des fourches de chariots élévateurs.
PCT/SE1995/000238 1994-04-29 1995-03-07 Palette WO1995029849A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU23771/95A AU2377195A (en) 1994-04-29 1995-03-07 Pallet
SE9603883A SE9603883D0 (sv) 1994-04-29 1996-10-24 Lastpall

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9401481-8 1994-04-29
SE9401481A SE9401481L (sv) 1994-04-29 1994-04-29 Lastpall

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995029849A1 true WO1995029849A1 (fr) 1995-11-09

Family

ID=20393839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1995/000238 WO1995029849A1 (fr) 1994-04-29 1995-03-07 Palette

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2377195A (fr)
SE (1) SE9401481L (fr)
WO (1) WO1995029849A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29606277U1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1996-06-20 PAL Palettensysteme Ges.m.b.H., Lustenau Palettenkufe und damit versehene Leichtpalette
WO1997013695A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Ingmar Andreasson Procede et dispositif de production de tubes
FR2831139A1 (fr) 2001-10-18 2003-04-25 Nidatec Pied support etanche en materiau cellulaire, pour un plateau d'une palette de manutention ou analogue
WO2005090176A1 (fr) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Emilio De Rossi S.R.L. Palette
NL2005861C2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-18 Easypal B V Pallet.
WO2018146502A1 (fr) 2017-02-13 2018-08-16 Kerek Csaba Imre Palette
SE2450009A1 (en) * 2024-01-09 2025-07-10 Cardboard Carrier Sweden Ab A pallet

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH401831A (de) * 1962-10-30 1965-10-31 Rehmann Alois Palette
FR2466402A1 (fr) * 1979-10-02 1981-04-10 Unilever Nv Palette de manutention en carton

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH401831A (de) * 1962-10-30 1965-10-31 Rehmann Alois Palette
FR2466402A1 (fr) * 1979-10-02 1981-04-10 Unilever Nv Palette de manutention en carton

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997013695A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Ingmar Andreasson Procede et dispositif de production de tubes
AU718699B2 (en) * 1995-10-11 2000-04-20 Lattpallen Sverige Ab Method and device for production of tubes
US6106451A (en) * 1995-10-11 2000-08-22 Andreasson; Ingmar Method and apparatus for forming spirally wound rectangular cross-section tubes of thermoplastic cardboard strips
DE29606277U1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1996-06-20 PAL Palettensysteme Ges.m.b.H., Lustenau Palettenkufe und damit versehene Leichtpalette
FR2831139A1 (fr) 2001-10-18 2003-04-25 Nidatec Pied support etanche en materiau cellulaire, pour un plateau d'une palette de manutention ou analogue
WO2005090176A1 (fr) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Emilio De Rossi S.R.L. Palette
NL2005861C2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-18 Easypal B V Pallet.
EP2465789A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 EasyPal B.V. Palette
WO2018146502A1 (fr) 2017-02-13 2018-08-16 Kerek Csaba Imre Palette
SE2450009A1 (en) * 2024-01-09 2025-07-10 Cardboard Carrier Sweden Ab A pallet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9401481D0 (sv) 1994-04-29
AU2377195A (en) 1995-11-29
SE9401481L (sv) 1995-10-30

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