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WO1996003001A1 - Telephone cellulaire jetable - Google Patents

Telephone cellulaire jetable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996003001A1
WO1996003001A1 PCT/IT1995/000119 IT9500119W WO9603001A1 WO 1996003001 A1 WO1996003001 A1 WO 1996003001A1 IT 9500119 W IT9500119 W IT 9500119W WO 9603001 A1 WO9603001 A1 WO 9603001A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phone
cellular phone
telephone line
user
cellular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1995/000119
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sima Cohn
Original Assignee
Sima Cohn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sima Cohn filed Critical Sima Cohn
Priority to AU28982/95A priority Critical patent/AU2898295A/en
Priority to JP8504870A priority patent/JPH11511913A/ja
Publication of WO1996003001A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996003001A1/fr
Priority to NO970242A priority patent/NO970242L/no

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M17/00—Prepayment of wireline communication systems, wireless communication systems or telephone systems
    • H04M17/005—Disposable prepaid communication devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/0287—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets being disposable or recyclable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/17—Hygienic or sanitary devices on telephone equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M17/00—Prepayment of wireline communication systems, wireless communication systems or telephone systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cellular phone of the disposable type which does not need any previous personal subscription contract to be made with the Telephone Communication Corporation as it is operated upon removing its sealing means.
  • a second drawback consists in that it is necessary to buy a common cellular phone and to pay its future related invoices without knowing their amount or to rent a common cellular phone and to be compelled to return it.
  • the cellular phone of the present invention guarantee a fixed price including a given debit units and its related subscription.
  • Such cellular phone includes the same components as the ordinary cellular phones, however, unlike the latter, it may be used for a limited period of time at the end of which it may be thrown away without hesitation and without the need of paying further fees.
  • the removal of the sealing means from the cellular phone, and the switching on of the latter involves the simultaneous transmission of an identification code with a suitable protocol to the exchange of the Telephone Line Management Board which enables an access to a determined telephone line for a restricted period of time and/or a limited number of debit metering pulses.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the cellular phone of the disposable type
  • Figure 2 is a perspective partially sectioned view similar to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the cellular phone
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the cellular phone
  • Figures 5 and 5a are two perspective views of a fourth embodiment of the cellular phone; and Figure 6 is a block diagram of the main hardware components of a cellular phone.
  • the cellular phone of the disposable type essentially includes:
  • a body formed of one or more shells made of paperboard or plastic or other suitable material for protecting the electronic components and housing power supply cells of the non-rechargeable type; - an electronic card having one or more layers and connecting all of the electronic components necessary for the operation of the radiotelephone as well as the keyboard and the electroacoustic transducers;
  • the power supply cells should be of a sufficient duration of charge for the whole life of a portable phone.
  • the front panel of the phone has a key 1 of power up/down, an alphanumeric/numeric keyboard 2, an earphone 3, a microphone 4, an optional display 5, and an unsealing means 6, e.g. a pull-unsealing means.
  • Said pull-unsealing means is only an example of the possible mechanical protection means with which the cellular phone may be provided in order to prevent the apparatus from being tampered and to avoid an accidental actuation due to a stroke or an inadvertent push.
  • the disposable cellular phone may be either enabled only to effect a call, or only to receive a call, or both to effect and receive a call. Therefore, during the operation time after the actuation, the cellular phone will have its own telephone number only if it is enabled to receive a call. On the contrary, it is not necessary that it has its own telephone number.
  • the unsealing of the cellular phone brings the poles of the cell 7 into contact with the electrodes of the electronic circuit due to an elastic pressure or under the action of the user itself. Upon powering up, an identification code with a suitable protocol is sent to the exchange.
  • the exchange Upon receiving said code, the exchange provides for the acknowledgement of the cellular phone and establishes an access to a determined telephone number for a limited number of metering pulses and/or a restricted time.
  • Said metering pulses may be used in one or more phone conversations autorized by the exchange on the base of the identification code sent by the cellular phone each time it is about to effect a call.
  • the exchange Once consumed the metering pulses or the operating life of the disposable cellular phone, the exchange puts that phone out of operation and disables the access to that telephone line. At that time the cellular phone may not be used any longer and may be thrown away.
  • the telephone number may either be directly assigned upon manufactoring the cellular phone and stamped thereon along with the serial number or be assigned from the exchange and communicated to the user upon powering up the phone for the first call on the assigned telephone line.
  • a protection program disabling the access to the phone is also provided in case of a tampering attempt.
  • a portable phone of the disposable type not described since commonly used and commercially available, are compatible with the communication systems for analogic cellular phones which are presently used or being developed such as E/TACS,AMPS and NMT as well as for digital phones such as GSM,PCN,PCS,DCS 1800, and satellite UMTS,a.s.o.
  • a second embodiment (Fig.3)provides a supply cell which is applied to the rear side of the phone in a similar way as for most cellular phones. Such a cell, however, is not rechargeable.
  • the unsealing could occur upon connecting the cell to the phone, for example :supply cell 7 is provided with at least a projection 9 establishing the contact between the poles of the cell and the phone supplying circuit, the terminal contacts of which are located at a suitable sealed position, the seal of which is torn upon connecting the cell to the phone the first time.
  • the cellular phone is provided with a device capable of using such cards and with powerful supply cells having a longer useful life.
  • the construction materials (and the components) of the disposable cellular phone are low cost material which do not need any maintenance due to the short useful life of the phone.
  • the body of the phone may also be of plastic and/or rubber incorporating not disassemblable electronic circuits.
  • FIG.5 and 5a A further embodiment of the cellular phone is illustrated in Figs.5 and 5a, in which the sealing means 6 are formed by an opening/closing system similat to that of a packet of cigarettes which, in the closed position, (Fig.5), prevents on/off key 1 from being actuated.
  • FIG.6 there is shown a block diagram of the main hardware components of all cellular phones, wherein means 6 sealing the cellular phone of the present invention are connected upstream of the power supply of the whole circuit so that it is impossible to supply the phone without having removed the seal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Prepayment Telephone Systems (AREA)
  • Meter Arrangements (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)

Abstract

Téléphone cellulaire jetable pourvu d'un élément (6), par exemple en forme de languette déchirable, que l'utilisateur peut actionner afin d'autoriser la transmission d'un code univoque d'actionnement vers le central de l'organisme de gestion du réseau téléphonique, et de permettre ainsi une première attribution d'une ligne téléphonique à l'utilisateur pour une durée limitée et/ou jusqu'à épuisement d'un nombre limité d'impulsions de décompte autorisant une ou plusieurs communications. Ce téléphone est constitué de matériaux peu coûteux et il est pourvu de piles d'alimentation non rechargeables (7) dont la vie utile est suffisamment longue pour durer aussi longtemps que le téléphone est en service, de sorte que l'on puisse jeter le téléphone à la fin de ladite vie utile. Ledit téléphone peut également s'utiliser en association avec les télécartes et/ou les cartes de crédit (8). En outre, les piles d'alimentation (7) peuvent être séparées du boîtier du téléphone. Dans ce cas, ledit élément (6) est formé par au moins un organe à électrodes de connexion (9) faisant saillie par rapport au boîtier renfermant les piles et pouvant s'insérer dans au moins un logement approprié ménagé dans le boîtier du téléphone, de sorte qu'il perce un sceau obturant ce logement.
PCT/IT1995/000119 1994-07-20 1995-07-19 Telephone cellulaire jetable WO1996003001A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU28982/95A AU2898295A (en) 1994-07-20 1995-07-19 Cellular phone of the disposable type
JP8504870A JPH11511913A (ja) 1994-07-20 1995-07-19 使い捨て型セルラー電話
NO970242A NO970242L (no) 1994-07-20 1997-01-20 Cellulært telefonsystem omfattende cellulære telefoner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT94RM000472A ITRM940472A1 (it) 1994-07-20 1994-07-20 Telefono portatile radiomobile monouso (usa e getta)
ITRM94A000472 1994-07-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996003001A1 true WO1996003001A1 (fr) 1996-02-01

Family

ID=11402656

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT1995/000119 WO1996003001A1 (fr) 1994-07-20 1995-07-19 Telephone cellulaire jetable

Country Status (8)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH11511913A (fr)
CN (1) CN1166902A (fr)
AU (1) AU2898295A (fr)
CA (1) CA2195540A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITRM940472A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO970242L (fr)
PL (1) PL318295A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996003001A1 (fr)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996016504A1 (fr) * 1994-11-22 1996-05-30 Didier Vary Telephone portatif sans fil jetable
FR2744319A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-01 Motorola Inc Dispositif de communication sans fil concu pour empecher la fraude
FR2749122A1 (fr) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-28 Dahan Yves Michel Cabine telephonique portable individuelle sans fil, jetable ou non a cartes
WO1998020690A3 (fr) * 1996-11-01 1998-07-16 Ericsson Inc Telephone cellulaire recyclable et ses elements auxiliaires d'un reseau telephonique cellulaire
FR2758682A1 (fr) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-24 Rouge Angelique Patricia Marie Appareil telephonique portable jetable
US5818915A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-10-06 Ericsson, Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
FR2762746A1 (fr) * 1997-04-25 1998-10-30 France Telecom Procede et systeme de radio telephone mobile numerique et terminal utilisable dans un tel systeme
US5845218A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-12-01 Altschul; Randice-Lisa Disposable wireless telephone and method
WO1999004549A1 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-01-28 Polaroid Corporation Dispositif de communication sans fil muni d'une batterie remplaçable et disposant d'un temps de communication prepaye
US5870459A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-02-09 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
US5875393A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-02-23 Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable wireless telephone and method
FR2769437A1 (fr) * 1997-10-03 1999-04-09 Club Des Particuliers Recepteur mono-frequence et mono-utilisation
WO1998038810A3 (fr) * 1997-02-28 1999-06-17 Altschul Randice Lisa Telephone sans fil jetable et procede
US5946613A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-08-31 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
US5965848A (en) * 1997-07-22 1999-10-12 Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable portable electronic devices and method of making
US5966654A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-10-12 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network acting as a theme park communicator/scheduler
US5983094A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-09 Randice-Lisa Altschul Wireless telephone with credited airtime and method
US6112077A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-08-29 Stx Corporation Nonreusable cellular telephone
GB2349550A (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-01 Colin Newton Disposable mobile telephone
US6167251A (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-12-26 Telespree Communications Keyless portable cellular phone system having remote voice recognition
WO2001060631A1 (fr) * 2000-02-16 2001-08-23 Sheila Harris Carte de voeux ou carte de visite
WO2001069909A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Catala Garcia Melgares Fernand Telephone mobile avec carte sim a usage unique
US6405031B1 (en) * 1997-02-28 2002-06-11 Dieceland Technologies Corp. Wireless telephone system, telephone and method
US6473610B1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2002-10-29 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless prepaid telephone system with dispensable instruments
GB2376844A (en) * 2001-06-19 2002-12-24 Michael Segal Disposable prepaid mobile phone operated by speech recognition
US6580927B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-06-17 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless mobile telephone system with voice-dialing telephone instruments and DTMF capability
US6584327B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-06-24 Byard G. Nilsson Mobile telephone instruments and wireless telecommunications system
US6647255B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-11-11 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless telephone system with mobile instruments for outgoing calls
US6754481B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2004-06-22 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless prepaid telephone system with extended capability
US6862463B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-03-01 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless telephone system with information service
US6957092B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2005-10-18 Motorola, Inc. Disposable device with removable radio module
US6993321B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2006-01-31 Nilsson Byard G Wireless telephone system with mobile instruments for outgoing calls
GB2443566A (en) * 2007-12-13 2008-05-07 Ranwant Rai Disposable mobile phone
US7565142B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2009-07-21 Telespree Communications Method and apparatus for secure immediate wireless access in a telecommunications network

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011049680A (ja) * 2009-08-25 2011-03-10 Kyocera Corp 携帯端末装置および通信システム

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992006549A1 (fr) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-16 Motorola, Inc. Telephone sans fil avec memoire de debit et de credit interne
GB2262685A (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-23 Brian Crossley Disposable portable telephone
EP0547994A1 (fr) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-23 Sylvian Preziosa Téléphone dont le boîtier est issu d'un matériau en feuille prédécoupée et mise en volume
EP0588210A1 (fr) * 1992-09-08 1994-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Radiotéléphone portable

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992006549A1 (fr) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-16 Motorola, Inc. Telephone sans fil avec memoire de debit et de credit interne
GB2262685A (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-23 Brian Crossley Disposable portable telephone
EP0547994A1 (fr) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-23 Sylvian Preziosa Téléphone dont le boîtier est issu d'un matériau en feuille prédécoupée et mise en volume
EP0588210A1 (fr) * 1992-09-08 1994-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Radiotéléphone portable

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996016504A1 (fr) * 1994-11-22 1996-05-30 Didier Vary Telephone portatif sans fil jetable
US6876848B2 (en) 1995-12-29 2005-04-05 Stx Corporation Nonreusable cellular telephone
US6112077A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-08-29 Stx Corporation Nonreusable cellular telephone
US6332074B1 (en) 1995-12-29 2001-12-18 Stx Corp Nonreusable cellular telephone and method of making cellular telephone calls
FR2744319A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-01 Motorola Inc Dispositif de communication sans fil concu pour empecher la fraude
FR2749122A1 (fr) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-28 Dahan Yves Michel Cabine telephonique portable individuelle sans fil, jetable ou non a cartes
US5818915A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-10-06 Ericsson, Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
US5946613A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-08-31 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
US5839058A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-11-17 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
WO1998020690A3 (fr) * 1996-11-01 1998-07-16 Ericsson Inc Telephone cellulaire recyclable et ses elements auxiliaires d'un reseau telephonique cellulaire
US5966654A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-10-12 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network acting as a theme park communicator/scheduler
US5870459A (en) * 1996-11-01 1999-02-09 Ericsson Inc. Recyclable cellular telephone and method and apparatus for supporting the use of a recyclable cellular telephone within a cellular telephone network
FR2758682A1 (fr) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-24 Rouge Angelique Patricia Marie Appareil telephonique portable jetable
US6405031B1 (en) * 1997-02-28 2002-06-11 Dieceland Technologies Corp. Wireless telephone system, telephone and method
WO1998038810A3 (fr) * 1997-02-28 1999-06-17 Altschul Randice Lisa Telephone sans fil jetable et procede
US6061580A (en) * 1997-02-28 2000-05-09 Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable wireless telephone and method for call-out only
US5875393A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-02-23 Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable wireless telephone and method
US5845218A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-12-01 Altschul; Randice-Lisa Disposable wireless telephone and method
WO1998049827A1 (fr) * 1997-04-25 1998-11-05 France Telecom Procede et systeme de radio telephone mobile et terminal utilisable dans un tel system
FR2762746A1 (fr) * 1997-04-25 1998-10-30 France Telecom Procede et systeme de radio telephone mobile numerique et terminal utilisable dans un tel systeme
US6647255B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-11-11 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless telephone system with mobile instruments for outgoing calls
US6584327B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-06-24 Byard G. Nilsson Mobile telephone instruments and wireless telecommunications system
US7801515B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2010-09-21 Nilsson Byard G Wireless telephone communication for individual callers to contact remote telephone terminals through a public switched telephone network
US6993321B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2006-01-31 Nilsson Byard G Wireless telephone system with mobile instruments for outgoing calls
US6917802B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-07-12 Byard G. Nilsson Mobile keyless telephone instruments and wireless telecommunications system having voice dialing and voice programming capabilities
US6862463B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-03-01 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless telephone system with information service
US6845234B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2005-01-18 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless telephone system with discardable keyless instruments
US6473610B1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2002-10-29 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless prepaid telephone system with dispensable instruments
US6754481B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2004-06-22 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless prepaid telephone system with extended capability
US6580927B1 (en) 1997-06-19 2003-06-17 Byard G. Nilsson Wireless mobile telephone system with voice-dialing telephone instruments and DTMF capability
WO1999004549A1 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-01-28 Polaroid Corporation Dispositif de communication sans fil muni d'une batterie remplaçable et disposant d'un temps de communication prepaye
US5963859A (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-10-05 Polaroid Corporation Wireless communication device with replaceable battery and prepaid calling time
US5965848A (en) * 1997-07-22 1999-10-12 Randice-Lisa Altschul Disposable portable electronic devices and method of making
FR2769437A1 (fr) * 1997-10-03 1999-04-09 Club Des Particuliers Recepteur mono-frequence et mono-utilisation
US5983094A (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-11-09 Randice-Lisa Altschul Wireless telephone with credited airtime and method
US6144847A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-11-07 Dieceland Technologies Corp. Wireless telephone with credited airtime
US6167251A (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-12-26 Telespree Communications Keyless portable cellular phone system having remote voice recognition
GB2349550A (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-01 Colin Newton Disposable mobile telephone
WO2001060631A1 (fr) * 2000-02-16 2001-08-23 Sheila Harris Carte de voeux ou carte de visite
WO2001069909A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Catala Garcia Melgares Fernand Telephone mobile avec carte sim a usage unique
GB2376844A (en) * 2001-06-19 2002-12-24 Michael Segal Disposable prepaid mobile phone operated by speech recognition
GB2376844B (en) * 2001-06-19 2004-10-27 Michael Segal Disposable pre-paid mobile phone (voice activated)
US7565142B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2009-07-21 Telespree Communications Method and apparatus for secure immediate wireless access in a telecommunications network
US6957092B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2005-10-18 Motorola, Inc. Disposable device with removable radio module
GB2443566A (en) * 2007-12-13 2008-05-07 Ranwant Rai Disposable mobile phone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2898295A (en) 1996-02-16
JPH11511913A (ja) 1999-10-12
ITRM940472A1 (it) 1996-01-20
CN1166902A (zh) 1997-12-03
NO970242D0 (no) 1997-01-20
NO970242L (no) 1997-03-18
CA2195540A1 (fr) 1996-02-01
ITRM940472A0 (it) 1994-07-20
PL318295A1 (en) 1997-06-09

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