WO1996006060A1

WO1996006060A1 - Process for preparing, utilising and pelletizing organic and inorganic compounds in solid and liquid form, in particular compounds in biomass and biogenic sludges such as sewage sludge

Info

Publication number: WO1996006060A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/003336
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dieter MÄHL
Original assignee: Maehl Dieter
Priority date: 1994-08-19
Filing date: 1995-08-21
Publication date: 1996-02-29
Also published as: AU3472295A

Abstract

A process is proposed for treating and utilising biomasses and biogenic sludges such as sewage sludge. The invention addresses the problem of designing a simple and low-energy process for treating sewage and other biological sludges which requires no heating and results in a product with low water content and high mechanical strength and fertiliser value. The product must also be odourless, storable, pourable and easy to dispense in measured amounts in order to be of direct use in agriculture, and possess long-term fertilising properties. The problem is solved by a process for the production of fertilisers and soil improvers from sewage sludge: sewage sludge which has already undergone dewatering is mixed with a laminar silicate binder which can swell and fine to coarse grained rock-, aerated concrete- or wood dust. The mixture is then mixed thoroughly in a high-pressure-agglomeration device with rollers and forced through pressing channels with a release of frictional energy to produce temperatures of over 100 °C; the product is then hygienized and an organic-inorganic structural matrix is formed. Subsequent drying is unnecessary.

Description

Preparation process. Recovery and pelleting or ^g ani¬ and inorganic compounds in solid and liquid form in particular of biomass and biogenic slurries, more particularly of sewage sludge.

Process description

In the overall process, the invention represents to a large extent biological pretreatment of the sludges of the most varied origin and composition. From the manure to the pulp, all organic and inorganic compounds are to be seen as co-glomerates which do not differ greatly from one another.

With this process it is conceivable to take this gigantic raw material recurrence out of the waste market. The invention therefore relates to a process for the treatment of biomass and biogenic sludge, in particular sewage sludge, into solid fertilizers and soil conditioners.

The process can be applied to all types of sewage sludge which occur in sewage treatment plants and whose disposal in landfills or their agricultural or forestry use poses considerable problems.

Sludges from wastewater treatment plants usually fall with a water content of 90 to 95% by weight! zo that usually a further treatment to increase the dry matter content is carried out. Basically, energy-intensive chemical, mechanical and thermal dewatering processes are used, whereby the extent to which dewatering must be carried out depends on the disposal options for the solid.

Currently, the landfill of pretreated sewage sludge is the preferred method of disposal. However, the landfill is overloaded by the large amount of sludge and the formation of foul gases, leachate, odors and the accumulation of pathogenic germs make the landfill a source of potential environmental hazard Landfilling or incineration of organic raw materials cannot and should not continue for political reasons.

The European arable land lacks carbon and Micronutrient compounds; 200 years of agriculture calls for a continuation and addition of Liebig's teachings. The anionic and cationic minerals including N-nitrogen are largely known for their effect in crop production. The effects of carbon and micronutrients have to be investigated more comprehensively, while biogenic substances without toxic residual compounds have hardly been investigated for growth optimization at all.

There are only experiments with fish meal pellets that have had a resounding success in terms of yield and plant health.

Due to the high proportion of organic substances and nutrients for plants, such as nitrogen, carbon and phosphate compounds, as well as the content of magnesium and calcium compounds and trace elements such as zinc, manganese, copper, boron and molybdenum sewage sludge is basically a valuable natural fertilizer or soil improver.

Sewage sludge and lime-treated sewage sludge are therefore applied to agricultural land in many cases in accordance with the strict legal regulations. However, this spreading is severely restricted due to the increasingly strict waste disposal, water budget and emission protection laws as well as the possible occurrence of unpleasant smells, pathogenic germs, worm eggs etc.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that, in the agricultural application of the sewage sludge, large amounts of water in the sludge ultimately have to be transported, which have no fertilizing or soil-improving properties.

Furthermore, there is a further difficulty that the highly water-containing sewage sludge can only be used for agriculture at certain times, so that it has to be temporarily stored at high costs and with the risk of accumulation of pathogenic germs.

Sludges which are conditioned in any way and which have been placed on usable areas in accordance with the legal regulations must therefore be transported with far too high water contents and pathogens. Storage or intermediate storage are not up to date.

Many attempts have therefore become known to overcome the problems mentioned above. So it tries the sludge volume and improve sludge properties through composting. The

Sludge composting is, however, complex in terms of process technology and energy, structural materials are required and the compost product is often not odorless and not harmless in terms of disease. The sewage sludge is often also concentrated by mechanical or thermal dewatering to a water content of less than 70% by weight. This process is very energy-intensive and

Odor and epidemic problems have not been overcome. In addition, the storage, transport and application of the pasty or puncture-resistant goods are complex.

It is clear that a water resistant, odorless pellet with

5% water content like a fertilizer granulate could be traded; from raw sludge to finished pellet, the time required is 60 minutes.

To reduce the sludge volume, the sludge can also be dried and burned using known methods. This

However, technologies require a high energy input and pollute the environment with exhaust gases and residues.

In the "Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry Vol. 6 p

615 ff 1978 Weinheim "we have the task for this process.

Since this invention has no comparable approach, it should

Patents with a comparable goal but different technology may be mentioned.

DE-81-3128673 EP-88-119626

DE-4138670

DE-79-29331949

DE-78-28l227 ⁱ

DE-78-2820729 DE-63-1467395

DE-63-l ⁱ * 67396

DE-62-1467389

EP-88-301689

DE-2641627 DE-43-043429

DE-2634839C2

The use of more dewatered sewage sludge, enriched with mineral and organic fertilizers and processed by adding quicklime to a storable, humus-forming product has been described in DE 81-3128673 and EP 88-119626.

It has been found that these products are mechanically unstable and that the expenditure of additional energy for drying the granules and pellets is very considerable, since temperatures of 300 to 600 ^° C. sometimes have to be applied.

Fertilizers based on sewage sludge with the direct addition of inorganic cation exchangers to the sludge (DE 4138670) show a good binding of volatile components, but only a sludge-like to pasty material was obtained which retains the disadvantages listed above, in particular the high water content and the questionable health-related concerns .

According to DE 79-293199, a sewage sludge compound fertilizer was produced by mixing and coating preformed individual fertilizer salt particles with water-containing sewage sludge, changing their size and shape, and partially removing the water. is driven out by drying. Both the high technical and energy expenditure and the low usable sewage sludge content per unit of product have been found to be disadvantageous in this process.

The production of a solid, crumbly structure of the dewatered, pre-dried sewage sludge by subsequent addition of various nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrients and spray drying (DE 78-2812274) or by fluidized bed drying (DE 78-2820729) are processes which, in turn, are processes have proven to be very energy and investment intensive.

These problems could also not be eliminated by processes with the addition of phosphates and subsequent filtration and drying of the filter cake (DE 63-1467395 and DE 63-1467396) or centrifugation and drying of the product mixture (DE 62-1467389).

EP 88-301689 describes a process for treating sewage sludge for the production of a fertilizer, in which the process steps consist in adding alkaline materials to the sewage sludge until a pH of 12 is reached or exceeded and then drying the mixture is carried out by blowing in air and adding swelling agents. This process is also very energy and investment-intensive and places high demands on the worker due to the use of caustic chemicals. and environmental protection as well as the material quality of the apparatus.

If the sewage sludge is mixed with gypsum (DE 2641627) and other substances to increase the fertilizing effect and to bind the nutrients (DE 4304342.9) for the purpose of producing a dimensionally stable fertilizer and granulated after the gypsum has set, the steps of shaping and Although water binding within certain limits of the residual water quantity can be technologically combined, the problem of epidemic concerns and the energy-intensive drying process remains. DE 2634839C2 describes a process for solidifying sewage sludge by adding metallurgical slags, gypsum, fly ash and Portland cement. The disadvantage of this process is the ecologically questionable additives (metallurgical slags) and the too strong binding of the nutrients by the Portland cement as well as the need for thermal post-drying.

The object on which this invention is based consists in the processing of organic substrates, also called sludges, sludges, to the extent that they are contaminated (industry), become landfill-capable in this process and are therefore not biogenic. Due to the process steps, up to 90% by weight of water are extracted in three stages, whereby an energy expenditure of DM 5.00 per ton is applied per ton.

This process for treating sludge leads to a soil additive or hazardous waste that can be landfilled.

The present invention is based on the further object of specifying a process for the preparation and recycling of biomass and biogenous sludge, in particular sewage sludge, as a result of which rapid water binding or dewatering is achieved in the same apparatus with little effort and without additional thermal energy The product is hygienized and deformed, so that a product that is valuable in agriculture or forestry can be obtained. In addition, the products should be metered, granular, low-dust, mechanically stable and easy to store, as well as soil-improving properties and a long-term fertilizing effect, plant-compatible and biodegradable.

The problem is solved with a method for the treatment of sewage sludge for the production of a fertilizer or Soil structure improver in which the pre-dewatered sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge with a solids content of 25 to 90% by weight, preferably 50% by weight, with a water-binding and swellable and ion-exchanging binder, with inorganic and organic nutrients, preferably with compost , to improve the fertilizing properties and above all with solid, granular flour made of porous rock, _« aerated concrete flour or wood flour is mixed and this mixture in an apparatus for mechanical high pressure agglomeration through targeted action of compaction forces on small volume elements for primary pre-agglomeration as a result of the structure Components generated friction energy is heated and the heated mixture is pressed through cylindrical channels with further heating due to the release of friction energy. The release of the tribomechanical energy leads to the material being briefly heated to temperatures of well over 100 ° C., so that it is hygienized, the harmful, pathogenic germs and worm eggs being destroyed and the product receiving a stable, dust-free form.

In the process of the present invention, an extruder supplies compression and friction energy under vacuum to the evaporation of water. In a pelletizer are also pressed under vacuum slurry through a die, here arise temperatures> 138 ^* C wherein the pasteurization begins.

Post-drying with coating of the pellets preserves them sustainably. The moments of inertia are not achieved according to known methods due to excessively high mineral additions, these also stand against the fertilizer laws; but by returning already treated sludge before the decanter or press screw and before the extruder input. Since this returned end product is mixed with peat-coconut pulp and starch, the returned end product is max. at 20 wt .- * also for starch as plastic.

More particularly, particularly and advantageously, the invention relates to: 1.1. Process for the preparation, utilization and pelleting of all cellulose or carbon-containing nitrogen compounds such as:

Mashed potato pulp animal waste vegetable waste

Co poste

Solids in the manure sewage sludge

Industrial waste (food production)

Corn pulp

Cereal pulp with high and low solids contents, hereinafter referred to as substrate, in which peat, coconut flour, lava flour, cellulose, lime and potassium are only used to improve the structure of the pellets as a pressure agglomeration aid.

II. The biomass obtained contains at least 91% by weight! Solids and can be used as soil additives according to the Fertilizer Act.

It is not the primary goal to produce fertilizers. The product complies with the Soil Aid Regulation of the EC.

III. The temperature increase of> 14 ° C. resulting from pressure agglomeration and friction brings about the hygienization or pasteurization required by international standards.

It is planned to integrate an extraction system for the transport of the water vapors that are inevitably generated. The tribomechanical process releases energy, whereby with the help of a vacuum pump, moisture is extracted to <75% TS by vacuum.

IV. The process described in III. Is usually a basic requirement for the pelleting process since TS contents of <75% by weight are usually mandatory. The pressing inevitably increases the water loss by 10% by weight. This corresponds to a dry matter content of 85% by weight. The pellets with a diameter of> 4.5 mm are cut to a length of 4.5 mm.

V. The sludge according to 1.1 with dry matter contents between 2.5% by weight and 25% by weight. are homogenized and nitrified, whereby ammonium (NH _ft ) is converted to nitrate (N0 ₃ ). Furthermore, H ₂ S connections to other connections are configured.

Examples of these sulfates are: calcium sulfate - CaSO ^ Potassium - K ₂ S0 ₄ Potassium Hydrogen - KHSO ₄ Magnesium - MgS0 ₄ as salts. These aforementioned compounds are odorless. In this phase, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.0, preferably approximately 6.2. 2) Tube belt dryer

1. The pellets produced according to I.II are conveyed through a pipe. A conveyor belt and heat exchanger are located in this tube. It is a pipe drying whereby the pellets are post-dried without mechanical stress. The drying takes place through the pellets' own heat of approx. 80 "C. Circulation in the heat exchangers keeps the ambient temperature in the pipe constant, with the pipe angled by% and ending as a chimney. There is a slot in the pipe bend through which the conveyor belt is 500 mm Exceeds the pipe bend, at this point in the plant the pellets have a dry matter content of 90% by weight 2.II. The pellets according to 2.1 fall through a spray tower and then fall through a spray cone consisting of water and soda water glass . this mixture wets the pellets, and versie¬ gel the same. the pellets floating in this Sprühtürm by a hot air blower which 60 ^* C hot air of the final drying removes and reduces the gravitational forces. 2.III. the final drying is made of a tube in which also a conveyor belt and plate heat exchangers were installed.The conveyor belt of the final drying dims the pellets from the spray as a sealed grain fraction 4.5 x 4.5 mm and transports them in storage silos. 2.IV. A slight negative pressure is applied in the filled storage silo in order to avoid residual condensates during the cooling process. After 24 hours, the pellets are insensitive to mechanical or abrasive stress and are therefore suitable for blower transport or loading and are seawater-resistant. Further preferred advantageous aspects of the invention, alone or in combination: that lava flour and silicate compounds as structure formers tribomechanical and pressure agglomerative effects such as homo- ensure the consistency of the material matrix and friction energy; that lava flour is used in a grain size of 0.001-0.01 mm; that the tribomechanically active proportion of lava flour does not exceed 5% by weight; that substrates of water-absorbing materials such as peat flour (peat) or coconut flour (coconut fiber) should not be added in excess of 25% by weight of 95% TS; that organic and inorganic compounds such as starch, straw and grasses (c4 grass) -organically, which provide the detection of humic substance formation in the soil, provide structural substrates for the substrates. As well as inorganic ones added as nutrient carriers; that the substrates are separated by binders (substitutes) in the decanter i solid and liquid fractions; that the dewatered substrates are structurally improved by means of a binder, heated / pasteurized with the aid of an extruder and vacuum-dewatered (steam) by 25% by weight; that the step in the known shape is carried out in pelletizing plants (press channels). Tribomechanical effects are only of minor importance here. The die (press channels) should have an average of 4.5 ππ. The thickness of the die should be 70 mm; that the loading of the substitutes, that agglomerating and tribometing optionally takes place material-related on the respective plant modules provided for this purpose; that conditioned sewage sludge <25% by weight? TS can be treated and pelleted; that the binding power of the pellets is increased by a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide - here chitin / chitosan chyustaceae and mushrooms of 0.1-1% by weight; that the cohesion of the matrix and the improvement in nutrients as well as the adjustment of the shear forces due to algae meal from the algae group La inarq-Digitates of 0.1-10% by weight? is achieved; that calcium sodium alginate is pressed in the pelletizing by internal gelling in the first step and gelling by cooling. Preferably 0.01% by weight up to 10% by weight *. During the gelation by cooling and water loss a hardness is reached which is higher than 5-000 kN / cm ² compressive strength. that by sealing with sodium silicate (Si0 ₂ / Na ₂ orthosilicate) it is not possible to wash out the nutrient complexes, and there is no eutrophication in water. A dry substance returned to the sludge (substrates) before pelleting is max. 25 provided before input extruder; the aspects defined by claims 2-24.

Surprisingly, it was found that the addition of volcanic tuffs or layered silicates in conjunction with the coarsely structured rock, gas concrete or wood flours produces a very solid product structure in which up to 4θ # water can be firmly bound and a subsequent drying of the pellet with the use of additional thermal energy is not required.

The amount of water-binding layered silicates and coarse-grained

Rock, gas concrete or wood flour or a mixture of these essentially depends on the water content of the sewage sludge and can be up to 60% by weight! based on the product produced according to the invention.

The multiple mechanical compression of the mixture, combined with the frictional effect of the porous, solid and coarse-grained rock, gas concrete or wood flour, leads to a strong heating of the mixture, which causes the water to evaporate quickly.

Surprisingly, this frictional heat and the tribo-mechanical effects in the press channels of the pelletizing drum, if these have a diameter below 10 mm, increase the temperature under pressure so much that the sewage sludge is hygienized, which is accompanied by further evaporation of the water is connected and leads to the formation of very solid, irreversible matrix structures of the product, as a result of which the nutrients of the product are only released slowly in a retarding manner in the soil. According to the invention, the agglomeration of the mixture of sewage sludge, binder and tribomechanically active components is carried out in roller pelletizing devices known per se.

The residual water content in the product produced according to the invention is essential when it is to be stored. Fertilizer- pellets with water contents from 0 to 25% by weight. are preferred.

Dosable, mechanically stable, low-dust pellets with a diameter of 2 to 10 mm and a length of 5 to 30 mm are advantageous for agricultural or forestry applications as well as recultivation measures.

If the sewage sludge used has a deficiency in nutrients, it is possible according to the invention to add further nutrients in the form of inorganic compounds and inorganic substances, in particular compost, peat, urea or paper flour, to the mixture of sewage sludge, binding agent and rock flour or wood flour before the agglomeration add without the process being affected by this, provided the additives do not exceed 30% by weight, based on the product.

By adding K ₂ 0 -containing mineral fertilizers, the product can be harmonized or raised by adding micronutrient-containing multi-nutrient fertilizers or correspondingly concentrated individual fertilizers and trace elements to the respectively required values for special fertilizers produced according to the invention.

In order to increase the mechanical strength of the inorganic / organic product matrix, it is possible, according to the invention, to add up to 30% by weight of the structure formers by adding additives made from solid oxides, hydroxides, metasilicates or carbonates of calcium or magnesium the product to increase. This results in very stable soil structure improvers that retain their shape in the soil for a very long time and release the nutrients very slowly.

In the event that the starting mixture has too high a water content, the product produced according to the invention or its sieved fine grain fraction can be recycled in an amount of 0.1 to 02 and added directly to the starting mixture before agglomeration. As a result, a product that is too fine-grained can also be easily recycled.

The process according to the invention has the advantage that the pre-dewatered biomass is simultaneously hygienized, agglomerated and dried in a simple, one-step process with a short dwell time and can be used as a valuable fertilizer or soil conditioner without further aftertreatment or thermal drying, while in conventional treatment and drying process for thickened biomass or sludge additionally Process steps before and after shaping are required to obtain a stable granulated dry product.

The structure matrix formed with the aid of the method according to the invention on the basis of porous rock flour and layered silicate binding agents is harmless to plants. Due to their porous structure, in which the nutrients and organic substances are stored, the nutrient releases and decomposition take place with a sustained release effect.

The inorganic matrix structure has a long shelf life in the soil and thus acts as a soil structure improver with ion exchange and water retention capacity, as well as long-term binding of mineralized nutrients.

The pourability and abrasion resistance of the product produced by the process according to the invention enable the use of fertilizer spreaders and meterers for mineral fertilizers, as are customary in agriculture. This also makes the ecologically and plant-physiologically optimal use of fertilizer possible.

It was generally found that all crop plants grow better if their cultivated areas are sprinkled with the product obtainable according to the invention. These can be cereal plants such as wheat, oats, barley, rye and corn, as well as root crops and other crops. The yield in viticulture, as in general in horticulture, can be increased considerably. The same applies to forestry. As a result, the method according to the invention converts an environmentally disruptive product in the form of a sewage sludge into a valuable, environmentally friendly, spreadable economic good. The landfill space freed up by this can be used for other purposes. The process according to the invention can be carried out simply and economically, especially since readily available and cheap additional materials are available with lava flour and smectites, gas concrete or wood flour.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following examples and the attached figure.

The figure shows a flow diagram of a preferred method carried out according to the application and the apparatus used.

Wood, compost and / or household waste, without metal, glass, plastics and similar materials, ground or shredded to a size of less than 20 mm, are preferably by means of feed la a conveyor belt, fed to the Ruhrwerk 4 with an aerobic ventilation 5. Furthermore, sewage sludge (2.5-6% TS) from the tank 2 by means of feed 2a and pulp, molasses and / or stillage from tank 3 by feed 3a at the Ruhrwerk 4 fed. Water is also supplied from water tank 6 by means of feed 6a, except for 9% TS in Ruhrwerk 4.

An aerobic stage is carried out in Ruhrwerk 4, advantageously with aeration and / or addition of "Bio Water Clean" (BWC), a commercial biological cleaning preparation. The material is fed from the Ruhrwerk 4 to the decanter, advantageously a three-stage decanter, a liquid phase being separated off, which is returned to the water substrate container 6 by means of a feed 8a.

From decanter 8 the material is fed to extruder 9 with approximately 50% DM, e.g. by means of a screw conveyor. At the same time, feed 16 feeds one or more materials to the extruder, selected from lava flour, algae meal, peat, coconut, starch, straw, grasses C4, chitin, calcium nitrate, preferably approximately 5%, potassium carbonate saltpetre, preferably about 2%, phosphate, preferably about 15%, magnesium nitrate, preferably about 10%, monopotassium phosphate preferably about 15.2%, potassium, preferably about 8.8% manganese sulfate, preferably about 1%, and / or any combination tion of it.

Accordingly, the material from decanter 8 and the added Mate¬ is rials from supply 16 at a temperature of 100-200 ^* C, preferably 130-150 ^* C, more preferably about l4θ ° C, from the extruder 8 extruded onto a manner known per se as mentioned above.

From this, the material is fed through feed 9a to shaking screen 10, of which the separated solids are fed back to extruder 9 through feed 10. The material is fed to the pelletizing device 11 by feed 10a for pelletizing, where the material is pelletized at a temperature of 100-200 ^* 0, preferably 130-150 ^* 0, more preferably approximately 1440 ^* C.

A drying stage is then carried out in belt dryer 12 by feed 11a, followed by treatment in spray tower 13 by feed 12a, sodium silicate and fresh BWC being fed in simultaneously by feed 13a.

This is followed by a new drying stage through feed 13a in belt dryer 14, after which the material is stored in storage silo 15.

Other aspects of this system are that warm air (air-steam Aerosol) of the extruder 9, the vibrating screen 10, the belt dryers 12 and 14 and the spray tower 13 can be fed to a condenser with a fixed bed of lava rock, through lines not shown in the figure. The water condensed in the condenser can then be fed again to the water substrate container 6. The hot air from the condenser 17 can also be used again in the process, for example in the shaker 10 or belt dryer 12 and 14, so that the useful effect of the energy of the system is further conveyed. The liquid phase from the water substrate container 6 can also be used in the production of liquid thinners, and / or the excess can be fed to a clarifier known per se.

The apparatus used in the above process, as well as effective variations on the flow diagram and the above process in the teaching of the present invention will be clear to the expert and are encompassed by the present application.

Example 1:

Organic excess sludge, which has no detectable toxic heavy metal content according to the valid sewage sludge regulation and as a thickened, lime-treated sludge a water content of 65 G v. -%, is with 15 Gew-Ji Kali, 15 Gew-? Lava stone powder with a grain size of 1.01 to 1.2 mm and 5% smectite with high swelling capacity was added and mixed and then transferred to the drum of a high-pressure agglomeration apparatus equipped with a perforated die with drilling channels of 4.5 mm in diameter is.

The running surface of the die is 200 mm and the effective press surface is 3700 cm ² , which results in a performance-related specific press surface of 20 cm ² / kW.

The product is pre-agglomerated at a die speed of approx. 150 to 200 rpm and pressed through the press channels, whereby, due to the coarse-grain material, considerable frictional heat is released, which intensifies short-term pressure hygienization , the evaporation of water and the formation of a mechanically stable inorganic-organic structure matrix.

The pellets sheared to the desired length by a doctor blade have a residual moisture in bound water of 40 ^* . and a compressive strength of more than 1000 kN / cm ² .

The pellets are almost odorless, gray-brown colored, free-flowing and low-dust. The process can be operated batchwise or continuously.

Example 2:

The sewage sludge product is produced according to the manufacturing process as described in Example 1.

To 30% by weight ?! Sewage sludge with about 30 wt _/. Dry matter will be 10% by weight ?! Potash, 10% by weight ?! Lava stone powder, 30% by weight ?! mature compost and 5% by weight ?! Montmorillonite, 1 wt. ?! DAY zeolite and 14 wt .- ?! Fine sawdust mixed in and then subjected to high pressure pelletizing.

The bound water of the resulting pellets is approx. 30% by weight. The pellets are odorless and mechanically very stable (approx. 1500 kN / cm ² compressive strength) and meet the requirements of the current fertilizer ordinance. In this way, the initial mixture of 30% by weight? Sewage sludge, 5% by weight ?! Montmorillonite and 10-15% by weight ?! Lava stone powder, in addition with various additives, in particular fertilizing additives. Both natural and synthetic fertilizers are possible, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the production of a complete fertilizer. This complements the core nutrients already contained in the sewage sludge. The added fertilizers are in particular: ammonium sulfate, urea, lime nitrate, calcium cyanamide, calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, multi-nutrient or mixed fertilizers such as Thomaskali etc., and complete fertilizers such as Nitrophoska. Through the use of easily soluble and therefore quick-acting fertilizers, such as lime nitrate and sodium nitrate, a kind of top fertilizer is obtained. Slightly soluble, slow-acting commercial fertilizers, such as calcium cyanamide, super phosphate and Thomas flour, lead to a kind of basic fertilizer.

Example V.

Sewage sludge concentrate with 30% by weight ?! Dry matter content is with 30 wt .- ?! Compost, 20% by weight ?! Gas concrete flour, 10% by weight ?! Lava stone powder, 3 wt. ?! Montmorillonite and 7 wt .- ?! Wood flour mixed and processed according to Example 1. In addition, small amounts of a spruce needle aroma (approx. 0.001 to 0.01% by weight?) Can be added after the pellet has been obtained. The granules form a soil structure improver with high mechanical strength and long durability in the soil.

Claims

claims

1. Process for the treatment and recycling of microbiological, animal or vegetable biomass, in particular process for the treatment and recycling of sewage sludge from biological water purification plants and lime-treated sewage sludge containing 5 to 90% by weight? Solid, characterized in that by treatment, for water removal and for simultaneous sanitation and in particular for solidifying the sewage sludge or bio-sludge with water-binding, swellable and ion-exchanging binders and solid, granular flour from porous rock and / or gas concrete powder or wood powder is mixed and these Mixing is subjected to mechanical high-pressure agglomeration through the targeted action of compression forces on small volume elements with rapid subsequent pressure release, the mixture being heated by the tribo-mechanical release of energy in the press channels until the product is hygienized, and the product is thereby organically formed without additional drying -inorganic structural matrices is solidified.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-adsorbing, ion-exchanging binder consists of volcanic tuffs with a high smectite, especially montmorillonite, and strong swelling capacity.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-adsorbing, ion-exchanging binder consists of clay minerals with a high vermiculite or illite content with a mica-like three-layer structure.

4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that dat porous rock powder or the other tribomechanically active component or mixtures of both as the cause of an internal friction in the high pressure agglomeration and thus the elevated temperatures and as a structuring agent of the product from pumice powder , Lava flour, perlite and other rocks of volcanic origin or from glass powder, brick powder, wood powder or calcium hydrosilicate.

5- The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grain size of the admixed rock flour or wood flour is in the range from 0.01 to 0.8 mm as individual fractions or in the grain size mixture.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of tribomechanically active rock flour or other tribo¬ mechanically active additives between 3 and 40 wt .-?!, But preferably between 5 and 25 wt .- ?! lies.

7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the mixture of sewage sludge, water-absorbing binder and solid Structural material before the high pressure agglomeration further organic and inorganic additives for forming, in particular compost and / or paper flour, are added.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the inorganic additives consist of solid oxides, hydroxides or carbonates of calcium or magnesium.

9 <Process according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mixture of sewage sludge, binding agent, structuring agent and additives are further organic or inorganic compounds added as soil improvers or plant nutrients prior to shaping.

10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the shaping of the mixture of sewage sludge, the binders, Strukturbildnem and additives by briefly pressing the same with high pressure using the tribomechanical effects through cylindrical press channels of known Pelletier¬ devices followed by rapid pressure release.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the bores of the pelletizing matrices lie between 1 and 10 mm in diameter, but preferably between 2 and 6 mm.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the hot pellet products cool very slowly by storage in insulated Auffang¬ containers.

13. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mixing, high pressure agglomeration and sanitizing of the sewage sludge, the binder and the tribo¬ mechanically active and structure-forming components takes place in a single, designed device.

14. Fertilizer made from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge, produced by the process according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is a binder and water-adsorbing and ion-exchanging component, volcanic tuffs with a high smectite, especially contains mont orillonite and high swelling capacity.

15. Fertilizer from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge, produced by the process according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it contains clay minerals with a high vermiculite or illite content with a mica-like three-layer structure as binder and water-adsorbing and ion-exchanging component.

16. Fertilizer from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 14 and 15, characterized in that it contains a highly porous rock powder or gas concrete powder, brick powder or wood powder as a structural stabilizer.

17. Fertilizer from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 14 to 16, characterized in that it contains further organic and inorganic additives for structure and shape formation.

18. Fertilizers from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 17, characterized in that the inorganic additives consist of solid oxides, metasilicates, hydroxides or carbonates of calcium or magnesium.

19. Fertilizer from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that it contains an additive of flavorings and / or odor absorbers.

20. Fertilizer from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 19, characterized in that the odor-absorbing additive is a finely ground hydrophobic zeolite powder.

21. Fertilizers from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 14 to 20, characterized in that the release of the nutrient components necessary for plant growth takes place very slowly.

22. Fertilizers from sewage sludge or lime-treated sewage sludge according to claim 14 to 21, characterized in that they consist of pellets of 2 to 10 mm in diameter and 5 to 30 mm in length.

23. Soil structure improver, produced according to the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as binders, structuring agents and inorganic additives the substances listed in the preceding claims and additionally 5 to 20% by weight ?! Contains aerated concrete or wood sawdust.

24. Soil structure improver, produced according to the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting a recycled proportion of dry, granular product in the amount of 0.1 to 50% is added to reduce the moisture of the starting mixture.