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WO1996006207A1 - Procede de fabrication d'extrudats de cellulose - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'extrudats de cellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996006207A1
WO1996006207A1 PCT/EP1995/003271 EP9503271W WO9606207A1 WO 1996006207 A1 WO1996006207 A1 WO 1996006207A1 EP 9503271 W EP9503271 W EP 9503271W WO 9606207 A1 WO9606207 A1 WO 9606207A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cellulose
solution
extrudates
water
solvent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1995/003271
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hanneke Boerstoel
Marco Ypma
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel N.V. filed Critical Akzo Nobel N.V.
Priority to DE69504525T priority Critical patent/DE69504525T2/de
Priority to RU97104130/04A priority patent/RU2145368C1/ru
Priority to UA97020726A priority patent/UA27083C2/uk
Priority to DK95930484T priority patent/DK0777767T3/da
Priority to US08/793,760 priority patent/US5804120A/en
Priority to BR9508614A priority patent/BR9508614A/pt
Priority to EP95930484A priority patent/EP0777767B1/fr
Priority to JP8507777A priority patent/JPH10504593A/ja
Priority to KR1019970701132A priority patent/KR970705658A/ko
Priority to MX9701280A priority patent/MX9701280A/es
Publication of WO1996006207A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996006207A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
    • C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a process for making cellulose extrudates from an optically anisotropic solution containing 94-100 wt.% of the following constituents: cellulose, phosphoric acid and/or its anhydrides, and water, by extruding the solution and then coagulating the formed extrudates.
  • fibres obtained by extruding and coagulating the solution mentioned in the opening paragraph are particularly susceptible to heat treatment. For instance, it has been found that a heat treatment of 5 minutes at 175°C can result in the breaking force of the fibres being reduced by about 80% as compared with the original breaking tenacity.
  • the susceptibility of the extrudates to a heat treatment can be greatly reduced by the manner of aftertreatment of the extrudates.
  • the invention consists in that in a process of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph the extrudates are aftertreated such that after the aftertreatment the extrudates have a degree of acidity which at least equals 7.
  • the solvent is made up, by definition, of the added phosphoric acid and/or anhydrides thereof, and all the water present in the solution which is not chemically bonded. For that reason, water derived from the cellulose that is generally added at a later time is always considered to be part of the solvent in this description, as is water from substances which are among "other constituents", which substances may be added at any time during the preparation of the solution.
  • phosphoric acid in this application stands for all inorganic acids of phosphorus, including mixtures thereof.
  • Orthophosphoric acid is an acid of pentavalent phosphorus, i.e., H3PO4.
  • the anhydrous equivalent thereof, i.e., the anhydride is also known as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5).
  • P2O5 phosphorus pentoxide
  • a series of pentavalent phosphoric acids with a water-binding capacity between the pentoxide and the ortho-acid.
  • solvents of, say, orthophosphoric acid with a concentration of orthophosphoric acid of less than 100% may be used.
  • the solution may contain phosphorus derivatives of cellulose. These derivatives of cellulose are also considered to belong to the constituents making up 94-100 wt.% of the solution. Where the percentages by weight of cellulose in solution listed in this patent specification concern phosphorus derivatives of cellulose, they relate to quantities calculated back on the cellulose. The same holds for the amounts of phosphorus mentioned in this specification.
  • anisotropic solutions can be obtained by selecting a cellulose concentration in the range of about 8 to 40%. Optimum processing of these solutions into fibres was found to be attained in the range of 10 to 30%, preferably 12,5 to 25%, more particularly 15 to 23%. Different fields of application of the solutions may have other optimum concentration ranges.
  • the phosphorus content is determined by converting the quantities by weight of phosphoric acid in the solvent into the equivalent quantities by weight of the corresponding anhydride. Converted in this way, orthophosphoric acid is composed of 72,4% of phosphorus pentoxide and residual water, while polyphosphoric acid H6P4O13 is composed of 84% of phosphorus pentoxide and residual water.
  • the concentration of 2O5 in the solvent is calculated by starting from the overall quantity by weight of inorganic acids of phosphorus and their anhydrides, and the overall amount of water in the solvent, converting the acids into water and P2O5, and calculating which percentage of said overall quantity by weight is made up of P2 ⁇ 5- If other phosphoric acids are employed, the conversion into the corresponding anhydrides is carried out analogously.
  • the solvent for preparing the anisotropic solution will contain 65-80 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide, preferably from 70 to 80 wt.%.
  • a solvent containing from 71 to 75 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide is used for preparing anisotropic solutions containing 8 to 15 wt.% of cellulose, and a solvent containing from 72 to 79 wt.% of phosphorus pentoxide is used for preparing anisotropic solutions containing 15 to 40 wt.% of cellulose.
  • phosphoric acid and/or anhydrides thereof, cellulose, and/or reaction products of phosphoric acid and cellulose other substances may be present in the solution.
  • solutions can be prepared by mixing constituents classifiable into four groups: cellulose, water, inorganic acids of phosphorus and their anhydrides, and other constituents.
  • the "other constituents” may be substances which benefit the processability of the cellulose solution, ' solvents other than phosphoric acid, or additives, e.g., to counter cellulose degradation as fully as possible, or dyes and the like.
  • the solution according is composed of 94-100 wt.% of cellulose, phosphoric acid and/or anhydrides thereof, and water.
  • the solution is composed of 96-100 wt.% of cellulose, phosphoric acid and/or anhydrides thereof, and water.
  • adjuvants or additives are present only in an amount of 0 to 4 wt.%, calculated on the overall quantity by weight of the solution. More favoured still is a solution containing the lowest possible amount of substances other than the constituents cellulose, phosphoric acid and/or anhydrides thereof, and water, i.e., from 0 to 1 wt.% of additives.
  • Russian patent publications SU 1348396 and SU 1397456 provide several examples of the preparation of solutions of cellulose in phosphoric acid.
  • the overall period of time required to obtain a homogeneous solution ranges from 2 to 400 hours.
  • US 5,368,385 discloses that the dissolution in water of polymers which are extremely soluble in water is severely hampered by the formation of a impermeable film on the wetted surface of formed polymer lumps.
  • applicant supposes that during the dissolution of cellulose particles in phosphoric acid the outer layer of the cellulose employed dissolves comparatively quickly to form an impermeable layer, analogous to the disclosure of US 5,368,385. It is this impermeable layer which hampers/slows down the further dissolution of the cellulose enclosed by it.
  • said particulate cellulose When there is particulate cellulose in the solvent, said particulate cellulose preferably is on a micro scale, e.g., in the form of cellulose fibrils, dissolution of these small pieces in a short time will give a solution containing cellulose and inorganic acids of phosphorus.
  • the mixing of cellulose and the phosphoric acid-containing solvent will proceed more rapidly as the cellulose in the solvent is in smaller pieces.
  • the cellulose may already be rendered particulate, e.g., by being pulverised, prior to being combined with the solvent.
  • the cellulose and the solvent can be combined in such an apparatus as will not only provide intermixing of the cellulose and the solvent but also a reduction in size of the pieces of cellulose present in the mixture.
  • Step 1 can be dissociated from steps 2 and 3.
  • This is the preparation of a solution from powdered cellulose and a phosphoric acid-containing solvent.
  • cellulose solutions are to be prepared on an economically attractive scale, it is advantageous to combine the aforesaid three steps in a single apparatus, especially if it proves possible to prepare a cellulose solution in such an apparatus in a continuous process, i.e., a preparative process in which starting materials are fed to the apparatus in a more or less constant stream while a cellulose solution is discharged from the apparatus also in a more or less constant stream.
  • the mixing and kneading apparatus used to practice the process according to the invention is a high-shear mixer
  • high-shear mixers known to the skilled person include a Linden-Z kneader, an IKA-duplex kneader, a Conterna kneader, or a twin-screw extruder.
  • a highly suitable embodiment involves making use of an apparatus which also permits particle size reduction.
  • the high-shear mixer also permitting particle size reduction is a twin-screw extruder.
  • a twin-screw extruder By proper selection of the mixing, kneader, and milling units and their order on the shafts of a twin-screw extruder many different forms of cellulose, such as sheets, strips, scraps, chips, and powder, can be reduced in size where needed and mixed thoroughly with the phosphoric acid-containing solvent before the dissolution of the cellulose in the solvent is slowed down too much by the formation of a impermeable layer.
  • the cellulose After combination of the phosphoric acid-containing solvent and the cellulose in a mixing or kneading apparatus, the cellulose is mixed with the solvent and there is cellulose dissolution.
  • the degree of mixing should be such as will prevent the cellulose dissolution being slowed down too much by the formation of an impermeable layer on the cellulose.
  • the cellulose dissolution can be slowed down by lowering the temperature.
  • One advantageous process involves the cellulose and the solvent being combined in an apparatus, with the temperature in the section of the apparatus where the cellulose and the solvent are combined and mixed being less than 30°C, preferably in the range of 0° to 20°C.
  • the solvent, prior to being combined with the cellulose is cooled such that its temperature is below 25°C. In that case the solvent can be either in the solid or in the liquid state. It is possible to cool the solvent, prior to being combined with the cellulose, in such a way as to be in the form of small pieces of solid solvent.
  • first a portion of the solvent is mixed with the cellulose, after which the remaining solvent is added to the formed mixture/solution in one or several steps.
  • An advantageous process will have the apparatus constructed such that during the mixing and kneading the starting products and the formed solution are conveyed from an opening in the apparatus where the solvent and the cellulose are combined to another opening where the solution leaves the apparatus.
  • apparatus include a Conterna kneader, a twin-screw extruder, an Linden-Z kneader, and a Busch co-kneader.
  • a twin-screw extruder is used as mixing and kneading apparatus with a conveying system.
  • there may be several different zones for the products in the apparatus to pass through In the first zone there will be primarily mixing of the supplied cellulose with the solvent and reduction in size. In the next zone the dissolution of cellulose will also play a major part. The subsequent zone will primarily hold the formed solution, which is subjected to further homogenisation and mixed with the as yet undissolved cellulose.
  • the dissolution of cellulose and the properties of the formed solution can be affected by the temperature selected for the various zones.
  • the dissolution of cellulose can be slowed down.
  • a temperature for the first zone which is below 30°C, preferably in the range of 0° to 20°C
  • the dissolution of cellulose can be slowed down.
  • increasing the temperature e.g., in a next zone, cellulose dissolution is speeded up. It should be noted in this connection that heat may be generated both during cellulose dissolution and as the solvent and the cellulose are combined.
  • the cellulose solution DP can be controlled. Generally speaking, it holds that the higher the temperature and the longer the residence period at this temperature are, the greater the decrease of the cellulose DP will be. In addition, the DP of the starting material may have an effect on the decreasing DP for a particular temperature and residence period.
  • the apparatus can further have a zone in which the formed solution is de-aerated, e.g., by passing the solution through a reduced pressure zone. Also in this zone or in a separate zone water or other constituents may be extracted from or added to the formed solution.
  • the solution may be filtered either in the apparatus or on leaving it.
  • the resulting solution is high-viscous. It can be used immediately, but also stored for some time at low temperature, e.g., between -20°
  • the obtained solution may become solid, e.g., through crystallisation, if it is stored for some time at a lower temperature. Heating the formed solid mass will again give a high-viscous solution.
  • cellulose solution could be made from powdered cellulose and a solvent containing phosphoric acid. This time period can be further reduced by selecting a higher temperature for forming the solution.
  • the solution according to the invention can be prepared using all - t - available types of cellulose, such as Arbocell BER 600/30, Arbocell L 600/30, Buckeye V5, Buckeye V60, Buckeye V65, Viscokraft, hemp, flax, ramie and Eucaliptus cellulose, all. of which types are known to the skilled person.
  • Cellulose can be added in a wide range of forms, e.g., in sheets, strips, scraps, chips, or as a powder. The form in which the cellulose can be added is restricted by its introduction into the
  • the cellulose employed is in a form which cannot be charged to the apparatus, it should be reduced in size outside the apparatus in a known manner, e.g., with a hammer mill or a shredder.
  • the cellulose to be used preferably has an ⁇ -content of more than 90%, more particularly of more than 95%.
  • dissolving pulp with a high ⁇ -content, e.g., such as is generally used in the manufacture of fibres for industrial and textile applications.
  • suitable types of cellulose include Arcobell BER 600/30, Buckeye V60, Buckeye V65, and Viscokraft.
  • the cellulose DP as determined by the procedure to be indicated hereinafter in this patent specification advantageously is in the range of 250 to 1500, more particularly in the range of 350 to 1350.
  • the DP of the cellulose in the solution preferably is in the range of 215 to 1300, more particularly in the range of 325 to 1200.
  • Cellulose as it is commercially available generally contains some water and may be used as such without any objection. Of course, it is also possible to use dried cellulose, but this is not essential.
  • the acids after being mixed preferably are heated to a temperature in the range of 30° to 80°C and the solvent is kept heated for ij-12 hours.
  • a very homogeneous solution without surface irregularities can be obtained by employing a solvent made by melting down orthophosphoric acid at a temperature in the range of about 40° to 60°C, adding the desired quantity of polyphosphoric acid, mixing the two, and cooling the mixture to about 20°C.
  • the solvent is left to stand for some time, e.g., between 30 minutes and several hours, before being combined with cellulose.
  • the other constituents can be added to the solvent prior to its combination with the cellulose.
  • the other constituents can be added to the cellulose prior to its combination with the solvent.
  • the other constituents can be added as the solvent is combined with the cellulose.
  • the other constituents can be added after the solvent and the cellulose have been combined.
  • Phosphorus is assumed to be bound to cellulose if, after a thorough washing treatment and, optionally, a neutralisation treatment, a coagulated solution is still found to contain phosphorus. It was found that a solution according to the present invention containing 18 wt.% of cellulose, which was obtained by dissolving cellulose in a solvent containing 80 wt.% of orthophosphoric acid and 20 wt.% of polyphosphoric acid, will contain approximately 0.25 wt.% of bound phosphorus after storage for 1 hour at 30°C. However, if such a solution is stored at 50°C, it will contain approximately 0.8 wt.% of bound phosphorus after 1 hour.
  • the obtained solution can be used to various ends.
  • the solution can be used in making fibres, both for industrial and textile applications, hollow fibres, membranes, nonwovens, films, and for other well-known applications for cellulose-containing solutions.
  • the solution can be employed to prepare cellulose derivatives.
  • the obtained solution can be spun or extruded through a spinneret having the desired number of orifices, or moulded to form a film.
  • Spinning solutions with a cellulose concentration of from 15 to 25 wt.% preferably are extruded at a temperature between 0° and 75°C, the residence times for the higher temperatures being as brief as possible.
  • such solutions are extruded at a temperature between 20° and 70°C, more particularly between 40° and 65°C.
  • the spinning temperature preferably will also be higher than the ranges indicated here to compensate, int. al . , for the higher viscosity of the solution, and vice versa.
  • a higher spinning temperature may lead to a higher content of phosphorus bound to cellulose.
  • the desired number of orifices in the spinneret plate is dependent on the future use of the fibres to be obtained.
  • a single spinneret may be used not only for extruding monofilaments but also for extruding the ultifilament yarns much in demand in actual practice which contain from 30 to 10000, preferably from 100 to 2000, filaments.
  • the manufacture of such multifilament yarns preferably is carried out on a cluster spinning assembly containing a number of spinning orifice clusters as described in EP 168876, or using a spinneret as described in WO 95/20696.
  • the extrudates are passed through an air gap the length of which is selected depending upon the process conditions, e.g., the spinning temperature and the cellulose concentration) and the desired degree of drawing of the extrudates.In general, the air gap will have a length in the range of 4 to 200 mm, preferably in the range of 10 to 100 mm.
  • the obtained extrudates are passed through a coagulation bath in a manner known in itself.
  • suitable coagulants may be selected low boiling, organic liquids which do not have a swelling effect on cellulose, water, or mixtures thereof. Examples of such suitable coagulants include alcohols, ketones, esters, and water, or mixtures thereof.
  • the coagulation bath preferably has a temperature in the range of -40°C (providing the coagulant selected allows this) to 30°C, with very favourable results being obtained at coagulation bath temperatures below 20°C.
  • washing out there may be washing out, in combination or not with a neutralising treatment.
  • the washing out may take the form of placing a spool of coagulated yarn in a vessel containing the washing agent, or else by passing the fibres through a bath containing the appropriate liquid in a continuous process and then winding them onto a roller.
  • washing out is performed with so-called jet washers, such as described in British patent specification GB 762,959.
  • Jet washers such as described in British patent specification GB 762,959.
  • Low boiling, organic liquids which do not have a swelling effect on cellulose e.g., alcohols, ketones, and esters, water, or mixtures thereof can be employed as washing agent.
  • washing agent Preference is given to the use of isopropanol, n-propanol, butanone, water, or mixtures thereof as washing agent. Highly suitable to be used are water, or mixtures of water and the coagulation agent. Washing out may be performed at any temperature below the boiling temperature of the washing agent, at any rate preferably below 100°C.
  • the solution according to the invention contains less than 3 wt.% of bound phosphorus and the solution is coagulated in a bath which contains less than 10 wt.% of water, e.g., an acetone coagulation bath, and the fibre is washed out in a water bath, the individual fibres in the bundle a clearly distinguishable still. It was further found that if the solution contains less than 1.3 wt.% of bound phosphorus and the solution is coagulated in water, the individual fibres in the bundle are clearly distinguishable still during water washing.
  • the solution preferably contains less than 0.8 wt.%, more particularly less than 0.5 wt.%, of bound phosphorus.
  • Neutralisation can be carried out either immediately following the washing step, or in between the coagulation and washing steps. Alternatively, the neutralisation step can take place after the washing step and be followed by a next washing step. Another option is to dry the yarn after coagulation and washing, before the neutralisation step is carried out. In an economically advantageous process neurtalisation is carried out after the washing of the yarn.
  • solutions in water of Na C03, aHC03 or NaOH are highly suitable for use as neutralisers in obtaining extrudates having a degree of acidity greater than or equal to 7, more particularly greater than or equal to 8.
  • the lowest susceptibility of the extrudates to a heat treatment was found for a degree of acidity greater than or equal to 9.
  • the extrudates can be neutralised using a batch-wise process, such as immersion in such a solution, or a continuous process, e.g., passing through a bath containing such a solution, or by applying such a solution to the extrudates by spraying or with a kiss roll, e.g., with the aid of jet washers, washing plates, or a stick applicator.
  • the solution according to the present invention is especially advantageous because its preparation and spinning can be carried out as a continuous process on a single line.
  • the solution has the advantage that when products are made therefrom, in particular when no constituents other than phosphoric acid, water, and cellulose are employed, the cellulose and the phosphoric acid react hardly, and hence there is no, or hardly any, need for cellulose regeneration.
  • cellulose fibres especially suited to be used in rubber articles subjected to mechanical load, such as vehicle tyres, conveyor belts, rubber hose, and the like.
  • the fibres are particularly suited to be used as a reinforcement in vehicle tyres, e.g., car and truck tyres.
  • Fibres obtained by spinning the solution according to the invention were found to have a good resistance to dynamic compression load. It was found that this resistance increases with the decreasing content of phosphorus bound to cellulose in the solution. This resistance can be measured, e.g., by employing a so-called GBF (Goodrich Block Fatigue) test.
  • GBF Goodrich Block Fatigue
  • the fibres can be pulped.
  • pulp which may be mixed with other materials, such as carbon pulp, glass pulp, aramid pulp, polyacrylonitrile pulp, or not, is highly suited to be used as a reinforcing material, e.g., in asphalt, cement and/or friction materials.
  • the resulting cellulose fibres have very good mechanical properties such as strength, modulus, and favourable elongation. Since it is found that the solvent reacts with the cellulose hardly, the properties obtained from the cellulose structure, such as the chain modulus, are retained, while the anisotropy of the solution makes it possible to attain properties desired in many mechanical applications.
  • fibres make them particularly suited for use in technical applications.
  • fibres can be prepared having far better properties than the cellulose fibres known in the art used in technical applications, e.g., Cordenka 660® and Cordenka 700 ® , which are prepared using the so-called viscose process.
  • cellulose yarns can be made which have a breaking tenacity higher than 700 mN/tex, more in particular higher than 850 mN/tex, a maximum modulus at an elongation of less than 2% of at least 14 N/tex, and an elongation at break of at least 4%, more in particular higher than 6%.
  • the fibres Due to the nature of the spinning solution and the coagulant, the fibres contain from 0,02 to 1,3 wt.% of phosphorus bound tq the cellulose if the fibres are coagulated in water or from 0,02 to 3,0 wt.% of phosphorus bound to the cellulose if the fibres are coagulated in a coagulant which does not contain water and washed with water. Preferably the fibres contain from 0,02 to 0,5 wt.% of phosphorus bound to the cellulose.
  • celluloseformate multifilament yarns spun from anisotropic phosphoric acid containing solutions are reported.
  • the yarns show a morphology which appears to be built up of layers embedded in each other, which surround the axis of the filaments, and which besides varies pseudoperiodically along the axis of the filaments.
  • W0 94/17136 it is suggested that the morphology is connected with the anisotropic solution from which the filaments are obtained.
  • the yarns according to the present invention are obtained from an anisotropic solution which contains phosphoric acid, the yarns do not show a morphology as described in W085/05115. Measuring methods
  • the visual assessment during the phase transition was compared with an intensity measurement using a photosensitive cell mounted on the microscope.
  • a specimen of 10-30 ⁇ m was arranged on a slide such that no colours were visible any longer when crossed polarisers were employed. Heating was carried out as described above.
  • the photosensitive cell connected to a recorder, was used to write the intensity as a function of time. Above a certain temperature (differing for the different solutions) there was a linear decrease of the intensity. Extrapolation of this line to an intensity of 0 gave the T n - j . In all cases, the value found proved a good match for the value found by the above-mentioned method.
  • solutions are considered to be anisotropic if birefringence is observed in a condition of rest. Generally speaking, this holds for measurements carried out at room temperature. However, solutions according to the present invention which can be processed - e.g., by being spun into fibres - at a temperature below room temperature and display anisotropy at said low temperature are considered anisotropic also. Determination of degree of acidity
  • the pH of the water containing the extrudate is then determined with a calibrated pH gauge.
  • the degree of acidity of the extrudate equals the pH found for the water containing the extrudate.
  • the content of phosphorus bound to cellulose in the solution, or in a cellulose product made from that solution, can be determined by combining in a decomposition flask (a) 300 mg of cellulose solution which has been coagulated, dried in vacuo for 16 hours at 50°C after thorough washing out using water, and then stored in a sealed sample vessel with (b) 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 0,5 ml of an Yttrium solution containing 1000 mg/1 of Yttrium.
  • the cellulose is carbonised with heating. After carbonisation, hydrogen peroxide is added to the mixture in portions of 2 ml, until a clear solution is obtained. After cooling the solution is replenished with water to a volume of 50 ml.
  • ICP-ES Inductive Coupled Plasma - Emission Spectrometry
  • C w the weighed out quantity of coagulated and washed cellulose.
  • Yttrium is added as an internal standard to correct the solutions' differing viscosities.
  • the phosphorus content is measured at a wavelength of 213.6 nm, the internal standard is measured at a wavelength of 224.6 nm.
  • the quantity of water absorbed by a fibre during coagulation in a water bath or when the fibre is washed out with water can be determined by washing the fibre with water and then removing the adhering moisture through filtering off with a b ⁇ chner funnel.
  • the moisture content in wt.% vis-a-vis the dried fibre
  • the moisture content can be determined by measuring the decrease in weight as a result of heating for 20 minutes at 160°C.
  • the mechanical properties of the filaments and the yarns were determined in accordance with ASTM standard D2256-90, using the following settings.
  • the filament properties were measured on filaments clamped with
  • Arnitel® gripping surfaces of 10*10 mm.
  • the filaments were conditioned for 16 hours at 20°C and 65% relative humidity.
  • the length between grips was 100 mm, the filaments were elongated at a constant elongation of 10 mm/min.
  • the yarn properties were determined on yarns clamped with Instron 4C clamps.
  • the yarns were conditioned for 16 hours at 20°C and 65% relative humidity.
  • the length between clamps was 500 mm, the yarns were elongated at a constant elongation of 50 mm/min.
  • the yarns were twisted, the number of twists per meter being 4000//linear density
  • the breaking tenacity, elongation, and initial modulus were derived from the load-elongation curve and the measured filament or yarn linear density.
  • the initial modulus (In. Mod.) was defined as the maximum modulus at an elongation of less than 2%.
  • This solution was spun out at 60°C through a spinneret with 375 capillaries each of a diameter of 65 ⁇ , via an air gap of 40 mm, to a coagulation bath filled with acetone at a temperature of -12°C.
  • the draw ratio in the air gap was about 7.
  • the yarn was washed with water having a temperature of 23°C. In this way one sample was made which was only dried (A-I) and then wound.
  • the other samples were not dried but washed again and neutralised with solutions such as listed in Table I. CaC03, NaOH, and Na2C ⁇ 3-10H2 ⁇ were used to make these solutions. After the neutralisation treatment the yarn was washed with water again.
  • the yarn samples obtained in this manner had their breaking force determined both before and after a 5-minute heat treatment in air at a temperature of 175°C.
  • the strength efficiency of the yarns can be determined using the following equation:
  • BTeff ( BT a / BT ) * 100 wherein BT e ff stands for the strength efficiency, BT a is the breaking force after the heat treatment, and BT5 represents the breaking force before the heat treatment. Also, the degree of acidity of the yarn samples before the heat treatment was measured in the manner disclosed elsewhere in this patent specification. The results are listed in Table I.
  • This solution was spun out at 59°C through a spinneret with 375 capillaries each of a diameter of 65 ⁇ m, via an air gap of 40 mm, into a coagulation bath filled with acetone at a temperature of +10°C.
  • the draw ratio in the air gap was about 7.
  • the yarn was washed with water of 23°C and neutralised with solutions such as listed in Table I. NaHC03, NaOH, and Na2C ⁇ 3-10H ⁇ were used to make these solutions. After the neutralisation treatment the yarn was washed with water again.
  • a 16 wt.% cellulose solution was prepared in a Linden-Z kneader. This solution was spun out at 59°C through a spinneret with 375 capillaries each of a diameter of 65 ⁇ m, via an air gap. The yarn was washed with softened water and without additional drying wound onto a bobbin and stored in a plastic bag for 16 days.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication d'extrudats de cellulose à partir d'une solution anisotrope sur le plan optique contenant 94 à 100 % en poids des constituants suivants: - cellulose, - acide phosphorique et/ou anhydrides de celui-ci, et - eau, ce procédé consistant à extruder la solution, puis à coaguler les extrudats formés, ceux-ci étant ensuite traités de telle manière qu'après ce traitement postérieur les extrudats possèdent un degré d'acidité égal au moins à 7. Les fibres obtenues à l'aide de ce procédé possèdent une stabilité thermique particulièrement bonne et elles sont appropriées à une utilisation en tant que matériau renforçateur.
PCT/EP1995/003271 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Procede de fabrication d'extrudats de cellulose WO1996006207A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69504525T DE69504525T2 (de) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Verfahren zur herstellung von zelluloseextrudsten
RU97104130/04A RU2145368C1 (ru) 1995-04-21 1995-08-17 Способ получения волокон целлюлозы, резиновое изделие и шина
UA97020726A UA27083C2 (uk) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Спосіб виготовлеhhя екструдатів целюлози, гумовий виріб, здатhий витримувати мехаhічhе hаваhтажеhhя, і шиhа для траhспортhих засобів
DK95930484T DK0777767T3 (da) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af celluloseekstrudater
US08/793,760 US5804120A (en) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Process for making cellulose extrudates
BR9508614A BR9508614A (pt) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Processo para a preparação de extrudados de celulose artigo de borracha e pneu de veículo
EP95930484A EP0777767B1 (fr) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Procede de fabrication d'extrudats de cellulose
JP8507777A JPH10504593A (ja) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 セルロース押出物の製造法
KR1019970701132A KR970705658A (ko) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 셀룰로오즈 압출물의 제조방법(process for making cellulose extrudates)
MX9701280A MX9701280A (es) 1994-08-19 1995-08-17 Procedimiento para formar productos de extrusion de celulosa.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9401351 1994-08-19
NL9401351 1994-08-19
NL1000194 1995-04-21
NL1000194 1995-04-21

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WO1996006207A1 true WO1996006207A1 (fr) 1996-02-29

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Country Status (12)

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EP (1) EP0777767B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10504593A (fr)
KR (1) KR970705658A (fr)
CN (1) CN1066498C (fr)
AT (1) ATE170572T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9508614A (fr)
CA (1) CA2197999A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69504525T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0777767T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX9701280A (fr)
UA (1) UA27083C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996006207A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

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WO1998017848A1 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Agent coagulant aqueux pour solutions cristal-liquide a base de matieres cellulosiques
WO1998017847A1 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Agent coagulant aqueux pour solutions cristal-liquide a base de matieres cellulosiques
EP0880545A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1998-12-02 Akzo Nobel N.V. Procede de preparation d'un materiau ayant une forte capacite d'absorption de l'eau et des solutions salines
US5856004A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-01-05 Akzo Nobel Nv Cellulose yarn and cord for industrial application
EP0853146A3 (fr) * 1997-01-09 1999-03-24 Akzo Nobel N.V. Procédé de production de fibres cellulosiques et fibres cellulosiques
US6014997A (en) * 1994-08-19 2000-01-18 Akzo Nobel Nv Rubber article containing a reinforcing yarn of cellulose
CN103304764A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-18 东北林业大学 一种阻燃型废旧棉絮-聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法
CN103304763A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-18 东北林业大学 一种废旧棉絮聚氨酯复合泡沫及其制备方法
EP3205672A1 (fr) 2008-03-14 2017-08-16 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Procédé et appareil pour le prétraitement de lignocellulose à l'aide d'un solvant pour super-cellulose et de solvants très volatils
EP4219567A1 (fr) 2022-01-31 2023-08-02 LIST Technology AG Installation et procédé de traitement d'une matière de départ en une solution de moulage selon le procédé de dissolution à sec
WO2023144422A1 (fr) 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 List Technology Ag Système et procédé de traitement d'un matériau de départ pour obtenir une solution façonnable, selon le procédé de dissolution à sec
DE102022102177A1 (de) 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 List Technology Ag Anlage und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines Ausgangsmaterials zu einer Formlösung nach dem Trockenlöseverfahren

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NL1004958C2 (nl) * 1997-01-09 1998-07-13 Akzo Nobel Nv Werkwijze voor het bereiden van cellulose vezels.
EP3124501A1 (fr) * 2009-03-09 2017-02-01 TreeToTextile AB Procédé de fabrication de cellulose façonnée
KR101916650B1 (ko) * 2010-08-05 2018-11-08 코르덴카 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 개별 필라멘트들의 증가된 선형 밀도를 가지는 셀룰로오스 멀티필라멘트 얀들로 만들어진 코드

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NL54859C (fr) * 1939-05-03 1943-07-15
US4058411A (en) * 1976-08-30 1977-11-15 General Electric Company Decrystallization of cellulose
SU1348396A1 (ru) * 1985-05-27 1987-10-30 Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химических проблем Белорусского государственного университета им.В.И.Ленина Способ получени растворов целлюлозы
SU1397456A1 (ru) * 1986-03-04 1988-05-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт синтетических смол Способ получени растворов целлюлозы
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KENJI KAMIDE ET AL.: "Formation and Properties of the Lyotropic Mesophase of the Cellulose / Mixed Inorganic Acid System", POLYMER JOURNAL, vol. 25, no. 5, pages 453 - 461 *
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6014997A (en) * 1994-08-19 2000-01-18 Akzo Nobel Nv Rubber article containing a reinforcing yarn of cellulose
US5856004A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-01-05 Akzo Nobel Nv Cellulose yarn and cord for industrial application
EP0880545A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1998-12-02 Akzo Nobel N.V. Procede de preparation d'un materiau ayant une forte capacite d'absorption de l'eau et des solutions salines
US6427736B1 (en) 1996-10-18 2002-08-06 Michelin Et Cie Cellulose fiber for tire
WO1998017847A1 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Agent coagulant aqueux pour solutions cristal-liquide a base de matieres cellulosiques
WO1998017848A1 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Agent coagulant aqueux pour solutions cristal-liquide a base de matieres cellulosiques
US6756001B2 (en) 1996-10-18 2004-06-29 Michelin Et Cie Process for making a spun article from cellulose material
EP0853146A3 (fr) * 1997-01-09 1999-03-24 Akzo Nobel N.V. Procédé de production de fibres cellulosiques et fibres cellulosiques
US6159601A (en) * 1997-01-09 2000-12-12 Akzo Nobel Nv Process for the manufacture of cellulosic fibers; and cellulosic fibers
US5958320A (en) * 1997-01-09 1999-09-28 Akzo Nobel Nv Process for the manufacture of cellulosic fibers; and cellulosic fibers
EP3205672A1 (fr) 2008-03-14 2017-08-16 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Procédé et appareil pour le prétraitement de lignocellulose à l'aide d'un solvant pour super-cellulose et de solvants très volatils
CN103304764A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-18 东北林业大学 一种阻燃型废旧棉絮-聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法
CN103304763A (zh) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-18 东北林业大学 一种废旧棉絮聚氨酯复合泡沫及其制备方法
CN103304764B (zh) * 2012-03-15 2015-05-27 东北林业大学 一种阻燃型废旧棉絮-聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法
CN103304763B (zh) * 2012-03-15 2015-10-07 东北林业大学 一种废旧棉絮聚氨酯复合泡沫及其制备方法
EP4219567A1 (fr) 2022-01-31 2023-08-02 LIST Technology AG Installation et procédé de traitement d'une matière de départ en une solution de moulage selon le procédé de dissolution à sec
WO2023144422A1 (fr) 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 List Technology Ag Système et procédé de traitement d'un matériau de départ pour obtenir une solution façonnable, selon le procédé de dissolution à sec
DE102022102177A1 (de) 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 List Technology Ag Anlage und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines Ausgangsmaterials zu einer Formlösung nach dem Trockenlöseverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10504593A (ja) 1998-05-06
DK0777767T3 (da) 1999-06-07
CN1066498C (zh) 2001-05-30
MX9701280A (es) 1997-05-31
EP0777767A1 (fr) 1997-06-11
KR970705658A (ko) 1997-10-09
UA27083C2 (uk) 2000-02-28
BR9508614A (pt) 1997-12-30
ATE170572T1 (de) 1998-09-15
DE69504525D1 (de) 1998-10-08
EP0777767B1 (fr) 1998-09-02
DE69504525T2 (de) 1999-03-11
CN1155910A (zh) 1997-07-30
CA2197999A1 (fr) 1996-02-29

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