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WO1996020379A1 - Systeme de cuve de confinement recuperant automatiquement le refrigerant d'un systeme de refroidissement lors d'une situation d'urgence - Google Patents

Systeme de cuve de confinement recuperant automatiquement le refrigerant d'un systeme de refroidissement lors d'une situation d'urgence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996020379A1
WO1996020379A1 PCT/CA1995/000726 CA9500726W WO9620379A1 WO 1996020379 A1 WO1996020379 A1 WO 1996020379A1 CA 9500726 W CA9500726 W CA 9500726W WO 9620379 A1 WO9620379 A1 WO 9620379A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
controller
pressure
valve
evaporator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1995/000726
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernard C. Comella
Murray Weightman
Original Assignee
Halozone Recycling Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halozone Recycling Inc. filed Critical Halozone Recycling Inc.
Priority to AU42952/96A priority Critical patent/AU4295296A/en
Publication of WO1996020379A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996020379A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/002—Collecting refrigerant from a cycle

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a containment tank system which provides for the environmentally safe transfer of refrigerant from a refrigerant chiller system to a storage tank.
  • the system is automated so that, in the event of an emergency situation in a refrigerant chiller system where the refrigerant pressure approaches a predetermined level, the refrigerant is then safely transferred to a storage tank system.
  • refrigerant servicing systems are described, for example, in United States patent 5,024,061, 5,046,320, 5,161,385 and 5,269,148. In all of these servicing systems, it is common to transfer refrigerant either liquid, vapor or both to a storage tank. The refrigerant may then be removed from the storage tank and reused by introduction back into the refrigerant system after the system has been serviced. None of these systems, however, contemplate a sensing of the pressure in the refrigerant system to indicate an emergency situation requiring immediate handling of the refrigerant to avoid release to the environment.
  • United States patent 4,711,096 describes a leak detection system which will activate an alarm and/or interrupt refrigerant flow in the system in the event that ammonia, as the refrigerant, is detected.
  • a three-way valve system is actuated to vent the ammonia refrigerant to atmosphere outside of the building in which the ammonia leak is occurring. It is suggested that, for larger systems, a more sophisticated disposal or collection arrangement could be provided.
  • the device for opening the refrigerant valve may include a refrigerant pressure sensor connected to the evaporator, the pressure sensor generating an open signal when sensed refrigerant pressure in the evaporator attains the set predetermined level.
  • the refrigerant valve is a normally closed solenoid refrigerant valve.
  • a controller opens the refrigerant valve when the pressure sensor senses the predetermined pressure and in turn transmits an "open" signal to the controlled.
  • a system for automatically capturing pressurized refrigerant in an emergency from a refrigerant chiller system which includes an evaporator.
  • the system comprises:
  • a sealed containment tank system capable of containing substantially all pressurized refrigerant fluid in the refrigerant chiller system; ii) a refrigerant conduit for delivering refrigerant from the evaporator to the containment tank; iii) a normally closed refrigerant valve in the conduit; and iv) controller means for opening the refrigerant valve in response to refrigerant pressure in the evaporator attaining a set predetermined level.
  • the means for opening the refrigerant valve includes a refrigerant pressure sensor connected to the evaporator and a controller in communication with the pressure sensor.
  • the pressure sensor generates an open signal when sensed refrigerant pressure in the evaporator attains the set predetermined level.
  • the refrigerant valve is a normally closed solenoid refrigerant valve.
  • the controller opens the refrigerant solenoid valve in response to the open signal from the refrigerant pressure sensor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of the system for automatically capturing pressurized refrigerant from a refrigerant system in the event of an emergency in the refrigerant system;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic for the controller wiring hook-up;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic of the wiring diagram for the controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the invention relates to liquid refrigerant transfer, containment and storage.
  • the system can be used to transfer liquid refrigerant from the tank back into a low pressure or high pressure chiller through the drain opening.
  • the containment tank is non-portable and is located as close as possible to the chiller.
  • the containment tank system of this invention can be used with either low pressure or high pressure refrigerant systems.
  • the high pressure systems tend to be more common in Europe I commercial installations.
  • the low pressure systems commonly run with refrigerants sold under the trademark FREON R-ll, R-113 and R-123.
  • the high pressure systems run with refrigerants sold under the trademark FREON R-12, FREON R-22 and FREON R-134a.
  • the containment system invention can prevent the loss of refrigerant venting through the rupture disk, even though the rupture disc is retained as standard equipment on the chiller system.
  • the system includes a control package that monitors the pressure in the evaporator.
  • the micro-processor based control is a multi-function controller. It alarms to indicate an emergency when the pressure in the evaporator is approaching an unsafe limit. If the pressure continues to increase, the controller activates the liqui refrigerant solenoid valve to start the transfer of liquid refrigerant from the chiller to the containment tank preventing contamination or continuous venting into the atmosphere.
  • a low-pressure liquid refrigerant storage tank In a first embodiment of the invention, a low-pressure liquid refrigerant storage tank. It is often desirable and even necessary to drain liquid refrigerant from low pressure chillers and store the refrigerant.
  • the containment tank system will store liquid refrigerant safely without the need of separate containers.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the containment tank control system in accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention.
  • the containment tank system 10 is interconnected to the evaporator 34 through electronic devices and fluid communication devices.
  • the refrigeration system 30 has the condenser 32 mounted above the evaporator 34 by way of support arm 36.
  • the evaporator has a refrigerant charging line at the base thereof with manually controlled valve 35.
  • the rupture disks 46 At the top of the evaporator 34 are the rupture disks 46 which are set to blow off at 15 pounds pressure. Connected to the conduit above the rupture disks 46 is the rupture relief valve 48.
  • the rupture relief valve 48 retains the refrigerant within the evaporator 34 by blocking off the conduit 45 above the rupture disks.
  • the refrigeration system is mounted on base 37 and the rupture relief valve 48 is mounted by post 38.
  • the containment tank 10 is sized to contain refrigerant which may be transferred through line 33 to the tank 10.
  • the tank 10 preferably has provided therein the wound water coil 12 which, in turn, may be used to cool the tank and increase its holding capacity.
  • the water enters the tank through line 11 and is discharged through drain 14.
  • the containment tank 10 is connected through the necessary conduits with appropriate control valves to the recharge line 33 to receive refrigerant when the refrigeration system is overloading or malfunctioning.
  • the necessary plumbing in connecting the refrigeration system to the containment tank 10 is supplied by way of conduit 51 connected to manual valve 35.
  • Conduit 51 has a manual charging valve 29 connected to its free end.
  • Isolation valve 42 is provided, which along with shut off valve 20, allows replacement of the electronically controlled solenoid valve 52 when required.
  • Line 51 as it passes through solenoid valve 52, is connected to the shut off valve 20. Also connected to the tank 10 is the tank relief valve 18 which is set to release at approximately 250 pounds pressure. Also at th base of tank 10 is a drain with valve 16, the purpose of which is to remove refrigerant from the base of the containment tank if required. It is understood that all connections for the conduits, valves and lines are provided with leak proof couplings to ensure no refrigerant leakage during operation.
  • the controller 54 is shown in more detail in Figure 2 with the internal relay contacts being shown in Figure 3.
  • Electronically connected to the controller 54 is a pressure transducer 64 in the evaporator 34 and a pressur transducer 66 sensing the pressure within the tank 10.
  • Also connected to th controller 54 is the input through line 67 which signals whether the refrigeration system is operating or not operating.
  • the refrigerant sensor 44 which is positioned above the rupture disks 46, is connected to the controller.
  • Outputs from the controller are electronic relay switches Kl, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6 and K7.
  • relay switch Kl controls the opening and closing of the normally closed solenoid valve 50. When relay switch Kl is open, solenoid valve 50 is normally closed.
  • switch Kl When switch Kl is moved to the closed position, the solenoid valve 50 is open. Correspondingly with relay switch K3, the normally closed solenoid valve 52 is opened when switch K3 is closed.
  • Relay switch K5 controls the sounding of the 24 volt bell. Switch K5 may be closed to sound a general alarm through the bell when either CFCs are sensed in the environment by CFC sensor 44, or when dumping o the refrigerant into the containment tank occurs to also sound a general alarm that refrigerant is being transferred.
  • Relay switch K4 actuates the alarm signal device 58 to indicate that high pressure has been sensed in the evaporator by pressure transducer 64.
  • Relay switch K6 controls the remote alarm signalling device 60 to actuate an alarm at the operator's station to indicate that refrigerant is being transferred.
  • K6 relay switch may also be closed to actuate the remote alarm when switch Kl is closed.
  • Relay switch K7 is closed to actuate alarm signal device 62 to indicate if high pressure has been sensed in the containment tank as monitored by the pressure transducer 66.
  • the controller is designed to monitor the pressure status in the evaporator 34 regardless of whether the refrigeration system is operating or not operating. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, refrigerant is only released from the evaporator 34 when the refrigeration system is not operating.
  • the refrigerant containment tank 10 as connected to the refrigeration system in the manner noted, provides for additional benefits albeit during maintenance of the refrigeration system, where refrigerant can be transferred to the tank 10 to allow servicing of the evaporator and condenser, or in situations where it is beneficial to store the refrigerant in the containment tank 10 and in essence remove all refrigerant from the refrigeration system. This can occur, for example, during the winter month when the system will not be in use and it is not necessary to have refrigerant in the system.
  • the process controller 54 operates the solenoid valves in a prescribed manner in accordance with its program, based on inputs from the pressure transducer 64, 66 and the refrigerant sensor 44.
  • a signal is transmitted to the controller through input line 44 of Figure 2, which in turn sets off the alarm relay K5 to sound a 24 volt bell as shown in Figure 3.
  • a remote general alarm may be sounded through K6 to alert the operator that a problem exists and that the refrigerant system may have to be shut down if pressure continues to rise.
  • solenoid valve 52 is opened by closure of relay K3. This commences dumping of the refrigerant into the containment tank 10 through valves 35 and 42 and 20 which are all open to receive refrigerant within the tank 10. Once the system pressure drops below 6 pounds, solenoid 52 is shut off to stop any further flow of refrigerant into tank 10. At the same time as closure of relay K3, contacts K5, K4 and K6 are closed to set off the appropriate audible alarm, high pressure evaporator alarm and a remote alarm to a pick-up station where appropriate repair people are notified.
  • controller CPU 70 can open and close flow of water through the wound coil 12, should the pressure in the containment tank exceed some predetermined level. For example, when pressure in the tank exceeds 15 pounds, the water flows through the tank to decrease pressure to a desirable level of less than 7 pounds, at which time water flow is cut off. Should the water pressure in the containment tank exceed 20 pounds, an alarm condition is actuated and relay K7 is closed to indicate high containment tank pressure. Hence, a form of control may also be provided to only supply cooling water to the tank on an "as needed" basis.
  • the central processing unit 70 can continue to sense all aspects of the operation of the refrigeration unit and status of pressure in the evaporator and in the containment tank, but it will not open solenoid valve 52 until the refrigeration unit is shut down. Hence, when the appropriate alarms are sounded, an attendant can arrive at the scene, assess the situation and shut down the refrigeration unit. At that instant, the central processing unit opens and closes the necessary relays to commence dumping of refrigerant into the containment tank 10.
  • the containment tank system may also be used in high pressure refrigerant chiller systems.
  • the containment tank selection of valves, conduits, and other components of the system are designed to handle the pressures of the high pressure refrigerant systems.
  • high pressure refrigerant systems operate at considerably higher pressures normally in excess of 300 psig.
  • high pressure systems normally use high pressure refrigerants such as R-12, R-22 and R-134a.
  • the rupture dis or other relief devices for the high pressure system are normally designed t relieve excessively high pressures from the evaporator in the range of 375 t 400 psig.
  • the controller 54 is set up to close relay switch Kl to in turn open solenoid valve 50 and commence cooling of the tank when the sensed pressure in the evaporator by transducer 64 is about 70% of the pressure at which the chiller relief valve would normally release.
  • relay switch K3 it is closed by the controller to open solenoid valve 52 when the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator obtains a value of about 90 of the pressure at which the chiller relief device would normally release refrigerant from the evaporator.
  • the transducer 66 on the containment tank is also set to signal high pressure in the tank at a valve of about 90% of the pressure at which the chiller relief device would normally rupture. This ensures that the containment tank is capable of handling high pressure refrigerants from the high pressure refrigerant system.
  • the containment tank system consists of a 24 inch diameter by 5 feet in height steel construction tank, ASME rated at 300 psig, capable of containing 1,200 pounds R-ll (low pressure). 60 linear feet of wound 3/4 inch copper is mounted inside the tank to provide sub-cooling of the refrigerant being transferred and stored.
  • the cooling media may be city water.
  • Two 3/4 inch connections are mounted to the exterior of the tank to provide the means to connect the city water to the tank.
  • One 3/4 inch pressure relief valve rated at 250 psig is located on the top of the tank.
  • One 3/4 inch, 24 volt solenoid valve controls the flow of water from a set point value produced by the micro-processor controller.
  • the controller also provides control to 1 inch liquid refrigerant solenoid valve in the refrigerant conduit line based on a pressure set point value.
  • Two 0-30 psig electronic pressure transducers provide the controller with system pressure inputs. One of the transducers is mounted on the low pressure chiller evaporator, and the other is on a 3/4 inch opening located at the top of the tank.
  • the controller requires 120 volt supply voltage. A twenty gauge two conductor wire is used to make the low voltage connections from the pressure transducers to the controller.
  • the sequence of operation produced by the controller begins by receiving an input signal from the pressure transducer located on the evaporator of the low pressure chiller. If the pressure exceeds 3 psig set point value, the controller provides the voltage to open the city water solenoid valve and sounds an audible alarm. If the pressure continues to increase in the evaporator, the controller provides voltage to open the liquid refrigerant solenoid valve to start the transfer of liquid refrigerant to the tank. The controller continues to monitor the pressure in the evaporator and the containment tank. When the pressure in the evaporator is below 2 psig, the controller then turns off the liquid refrigerant solenoid valve. The city water solenoid valve remains on until the pressure in the tank is at 0 psig, that is, until the tank is subsequently drained of contained refrigerant.
  • the controller can also be connected to a building automation system.
  • One inch copper tubing or conduit is used to connect the chiller evaporator to the containment tank system.
  • Two 1 inch manual isolation valves provide the means to transfer the liquid refrigerant from the containment tank back into the evaporator.
  • the 1 inch copper line is first connected to the existing refrigerant fill valve located on the chiller evaporator.
  • the copper tubing is connected to (In) side of the 1 inch refrigerant solenoid valve, from the (Out) side of the solenoid valve connect copper tubing to the (In) side of the 1 inch refrigerant isolation valve, from the (out) side of refrigerant isolation valve connect the 1 inch copper tubing to the 1 inch opening located at the top of the containment tank.
  • a 1 inch refrigerant isolation valve Located at the bottom of the containment tank is a 1 inch refrigerant isolation valve, connect 1 inch copper tubing to the refrigerant isolation valve and then to the chiller evaporator fill valve.
  • a process and apparatus is provided to receive refrigerant from the evaporator of a refrigerant system in the event that pressure within the evaporator exceeds a predetermined value.
  • a process controller is provided, which in sensing pressure within the evaporator, actuates the necessary valves to transfer the refrigerant to the containment tank.
  • the containment tank may be water- cooled to ensure that the maximum amount of refrigerant can be stored in the tank for the tank size.
  • the process controller may be a software programmable electronic controller system, with the program stored in an E-PROM which directs the operation of the CPU or it can be a series of relay switches operated by direct DC volt signals.
  • the system may be designed to dump refrigerant from the evaporator in emergency situations into the tank regardless of whether the refrigeration system is operating or not.
  • the controller may be programmed to provide for a controlled shut down of the refrigerant system in conjunction with contained removal of refrigerant from the system.
  • the size of the containment tank may be considerably larger if water is not available to cool the tank before introduction of the refrigerant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Ce système destiné, en cas d'urgence, à récupérer automatiquement un réfrigérant sous pression provenant d'un système de refroidissement par réfrigérant (30) comportant un évaporateur, se compose: 1) d'un système de cuve de confinement scellée (10) pouvant contenir pratiquement tout le fluide réfrigérant sous pression se trouvant dans le système de refroidissement par réfrigérant (30); 2) d'un conduit de réfrigérant (33) qui amène le réfrigérant de l'évaporateur (34) à la cuve de confinement (10); 3) d'une soupape d'admission de réfrigérant (52), normalement fermée, placée dans ce conduit; et 4) d'un dispositif (54) ouvrant cette soupape d'admission de réfrigérant (52) en réponse à la pression du réfrigérant lorsqu'elle dépasse dans l'évaporateur (34) un niveau prédéterminé. Ce dispositif (54) ouvrant la soupape d'admission de réfrigérant (52) peut comporter un capteur de pression de réfrigérant (64), connecté à l'évaporateur, qui produit un signal d'ouverture lorsque la pression du réfrigérant détectée dans l'évaporateur atteint le niveau prédéterminé. La soupape d'admission de réfrigérant (52), normalement fermée, comprend un solénoïde. Un circuit de commande (54) ouvre cette soupape d'admission de réfrigérant (52) quand le capteur de pression (64) détecte la pression prédéterminée puis émet un signal 'ouvert' vers le circuit de commande.
PCT/CA1995/000726 1994-12-23 1995-12-21 Systeme de cuve de confinement recuperant automatiquement le refrigerant d'un systeme de refroidissement lors d'une situation d'urgence WO1996020379A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU42952/96A AU4295296A (en) 1994-12-23 1995-12-21 Containment tank system for automatically capturing in an emergency situation refrigerant from a refrigerant chiller system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9426194.8A GB9426194D0 (en) 1994-12-23 1994-12-23 Containment tank system
GB9426194.8 1994-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996020379A1 true WO1996020379A1 (fr) 1996-07-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1995/000726 WO1996020379A1 (fr) 1994-12-23 1995-12-21 Systeme de cuve de confinement recuperant automatiquement le refrigerant d'un systeme de refroidissement lors d'une situation d'urgence

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4295296A (fr)
GB (1) GB9426194D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996020379A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998030847A1 (fr) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Norild As Systeme frigorifique a circuit de circulation ferme
EP1014015A4 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2001-03-14 Sanyo Electric Co Dispositif collecteur de fluide frigorigene, procede de collecte de liquide frigorigene, refrigerateur muni de ce dispositif, procede de regulation de liquide frigorigene dans un circuit de liquide frigorigene ou bien dispositif et procede de regeneration pour dispositif collecteur de liquide frigor
US7828048B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2010-11-09 Randall Douglas Dickinson Tank for a system that outputs liquid at a user-defined constant temperature
US8092676B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2012-01-10 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Tank for a system that outputs liquid at a user-defined constant temperature
US20150068232A1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 Stan C. Petrov Reusable Cryogenic Carrying Case for Biological Materials

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4711096A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-12-08 Krantz Herman F Leak detection and refrigerant purging system
US5319945A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-06-14 American Standard Inc. Method and apparatus for non-atmospheric venting of evaporator over-pressure in a refrigeration system
WO1994014016A1 (fr) * 1992-12-11 1994-06-23 Sinvent A/S Dispositif de compression trans-critique de vapeur

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4711096A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-12-08 Krantz Herman F Leak detection and refrigerant purging system
US5319945A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-06-14 American Standard Inc. Method and apparatus for non-atmospheric venting of evaporator over-pressure in a refrigeration system
WO1994014016A1 (fr) * 1992-12-11 1994-06-23 Sinvent A/S Dispositif de compression trans-critique de vapeur

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998030847A1 (fr) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Norild As Systeme frigorifique a circuit de circulation ferme
AU719149B2 (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-05-04 Norild As Refrigeration system with closed circuit circulation
US6112532A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-09-05 Norild As Refrigeration system with closed circuit circulation
EP1014015A4 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2001-03-14 Sanyo Electric Co Dispositif collecteur de fluide frigorigene, procede de collecte de liquide frigorigene, refrigerateur muni de ce dispositif, procede de regulation de liquide frigorigene dans un circuit de liquide frigorigene ou bien dispositif et procede de regeneration pour dispositif collecteur de liquide frigor
US7828048B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2010-11-09 Randall Douglas Dickinson Tank for a system that outputs liquid at a user-defined constant temperature
US8092676B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2012-01-10 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Tank for a system that outputs liquid at a user-defined constant temperature
US20150068232A1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-12 Stan C. Petrov Reusable Cryogenic Carrying Case for Biological Materials
WO2015035071A3 (fr) * 2013-09-09 2015-04-30 Inovatzia, Inc. Mallette de transport cryogénique réutilisable pour matériels biologiques
US10001313B2 (en) * 2013-09-09 2018-06-19 Inovatzia, Inc. Reusable cryogenic carrying case for biological materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4295296A (en) 1996-07-19
GB9426194D0 (en) 1995-02-22

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