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WO1996026425A1 - Procede et dispositif pour controler et surveiller l'etat de tuyaux, de conteneurs, de pipelines ou analogues - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour controler et surveiller l'etat de tuyaux, de conteneurs, de pipelines ou analogues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996026425A1
WO1996026425A1 PCT/EP1996/000758 EP9600758W WO9626425A1 WO 1996026425 A1 WO1996026425 A1 WO 1996026425A1 EP 9600758 W EP9600758 W EP 9600758W WO 9626425 A1 WO9626425 A1 WO 9626425A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
pipelines
sensor cable
containers
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1996/000758
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan Grosswig
Katrin KÜHN
Eckart Hurtig
Original Assignee
Geso, Gesellschaft Für Sensorik, Geotechnischen Umweltschutz Und Mathematische Modellierung Mbh, Jena
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19509129A external-priority patent/DE19509129C2/de
Application filed by Geso, Gesellschaft Für Sensorik, Geotechnischen Umweltschutz Und Mathematische Modellierung Mbh, Jena filed Critical Geso, Gesellschaft Für Sensorik, Geotechnischen Umweltschutz Und Mathematische Modellierung Mbh, Jena
Priority to AU48801/96A priority Critical patent/AU4880196A/en
Publication of WO1996026425A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996026425A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/002—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using thermal means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
    • G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
    • G01M3/047—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means with photo-electrical detection means, e.g. using optical fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for checking and monitoring the condition of pipes, containers, pipelines, or the like, which carry liquid or gaseous media with a media temperature which is different in relation to the immediate environment or in which the media is leaking due to evaporation - or expansion cold there is a local temperature fluctuation.
  • Such monitoring also e.g. for steel jacket pipe lines, are known to be carried out by vacuum monitoring systems.
  • a defined vacuum is applied to the space between the two floors or the inner tube and the steel jacket, it being possible to determine whether the vacuum changes due to a leak by means of a corresponding pressure monitoring device.
  • a separate vacuum monitoring system is required for each tank or predetermined steel jacket pipe sections, which increases the costs of such systems.
  • it cannot be determined whether a determined pressure loss is due to leaks in system flange connections, leaks in the outer floor or steel jacket or leaks in the intermediate floor or inner tube. If in doubt, the entire tank or a pipeline system must be emptied with corresponding effort in order to check where the cause of the leak found is. Such a leak detection is therefore extremely time consuming.
  • an outer bottom e.g. B. a double-walled tank bottom
  • a monitoring room which receives a sensor cable which is able to determine incoming liquids by locally changing the dielectric constant of the sensor cable.
  • the sensor cable is subjected to high-frequency energy according to the pulse-echo method, the reflected measurement data being compared with a previously recorded, stored normal image by means of a downstream evaluation device.
  • the dielectric-sensitive sensor cable used in the above solution is expensive and the hardware required for the evaluation is complex, and problems continue to occur if longer lengths or sections are to be monitored using the method described.
  • the known measuring device feeds in a laser pulse at at least one end of an optical waveguide and is used to examine the radiation backscattered by the optical waveguide.
  • the temperature and the location along the optical waveguide can be evaluated spectrally and as a function of time. Accordingly, the length coordinates of the optical waveguide can be assigned to corresponding temperature values.
  • the measuring method shown in German utility model G 93 18 404 uses the evaluation of the backscattered Raman scattered light from an optical waveguide for temperature measurement.
  • This temperature measurement is based on the known DTS measuring method (Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature-Sensing), in which the light from a laser is coupled into an optical waveguide. When the laser light propagates within the optical waveguide, the molecules of the latter are scattered, the intensity of the backscattered light falling to a predetermined extent depending on the propagation time.
  • the Intensity of the backscattered light the path traveled by the light can be determined.
  • the monitoring of the temperature development in landfills is to be investigated by arranging an optical waveguide as a flat structure, expediently in the form of a grid.
  • the geothermal gradient and the geothermal diffusivity in the area of the sealing base layer are to be determined by the temperature values obtained or a temperature monitoring.
  • Such a temperature monitoring which takes place in parallel below the base seal, should make it possible to detect irregularities or damage to the landfill dismantling, in order then to initiate measures which prevent the groundwater from being impaired.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for checking and monitoring the condition of pipes, containers, pipelines or the like, with the aid of which information about faults can be obtained at an early stage, so that emergency shutdowns are avoided in order to avoid environmental damage or energy losses carried out and remedial or reconstruction measures can be initiated.
  • the method and the associated device are said to be particularly suitable for monitoring extensive pipe and pipeline systems.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to start from a liquid or gaseous medium in the room to be monitored with a different media temperature in relation to the immediate environment or in the case of a local temperature change due to evaporative cooling when a liquid medium emerges or through Expansion cold of a gas relaxing at the leak at the leak
  • Ambient temperature distribution at least over sections along and / or circumferentially and / or in the floor area close to the pipes, containers, pipelines or the like, but outside of the media space enclosed by them.
  • the temperature distribution inside the media room can be monitored.
  • a leak is then concluded according to the invention, and the location, the direction of propagation and the amount of leakage from the temperature distribution at the respective anomaly point or the temporal change in the temperature distribution at the anomaly point mentioned or the changing location of the anomaly certainly.
  • a further basic idea of the invention is to determine the ambient temperature distribution by means of an elongated distributed temperature sensor for distributed temperature measurement, a fiber-optic sensor cable exposed to laser light being used in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • thermocouples a large number of individual sensors, which correspond in their effect to that of an elongated sensor, e.g. B. appropriately connected Pt-100 thermocouples can be used.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageously applicable if, according to the invention, the temperature distribution in an intermediate floor, e.g. B. is monitored in a flat-bottom tank. In this case, it can be determined whether the outer floor is defective and the anomaly is due to the ingress of moisture or water from the outside, or whether the intermediate floor itself has a leak through which the medium in the container penetrates into the intermediate floor space.
  • an intermediate floor e.g. B.
  • the method can also be used for heat capacities of large tank systems if a medium in a container does not flow and remains in the container or tank for a long time.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used, for example, to monitor collecting channels, which are used to receive postal and telecommunication cables or other electrical lines, in which case an undesired penetration of foreign media into the respective collecting channel is monitored.
  • the aforementioned elongated temperature sensor or the fiber-optic sensor cable can be used directly during construction, ie. H. the installation of a new pipe trench or a pipe bridge.
  • existing systems can be retrofitted with the device according to the invention without great effort.
  • the elongated temperature sensor or the sensor cable is arranged below the pipes.
  • a plurality of essentially parallel temperature sensors or sensor cables can expediently be arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipes and spaced below them, so that the direction and quantity of a leakage-related media outlet can be determined.
  • Another basic concept on the device side of the invention is that the temperature sensor or the fiber optic
  • Pipes, pipelines or the like surrounds circumferentially, in particular to leakages in vertical sections and / or
  • thermosensors or sensor cables at particularly vulnerable points, namely the weld seams, screw connections, curvatures or the like mentioned per surface section of the container or pipe to be monitored, so that even the smallest leakages can be identified with high spatial resolution.
  • the knowledge is exploited that an emerging medium with a higher or lower temperature, based on the ambient temperature, leads to a local temperature change, which also includes the immediate surroundings of the pipe or container jacket in this temperature change. This ensures that leaks are also recognized which lead to the escape of a gaseous medium at a location relatively far away from the sensor cable.
  • additional temperature sensors or, alternatively, known level sensors can be arranged in or on the side wall of the trench in question, a trough or the housing, in order to fill the latter with the degree of filling caused by a leak to investigate.
  • the method according to the invention therefore uses the knowledge that if there is a temperature difference between the medium in a container, tube or the like and the environment, the escape of the medium also leads to a local change in temperature at the exit point. This arises when the temperature distribution is detected, for. B. along a pipeline, which otherwise takes a changing value in a certain range, as a local temperature peak.
  • pipe sections with a length of 5 to 20 km can be monitored with a temperature resolution down to 0.1 ° K.
  • the spatial resolution is in the range from 0.5 to 2 m, and higher accuracy can be achieved by the above-mentioned continuous and loop-like laying of the fiber-optic sensor cable.
  • the fiber optic sensor cable can be used in the production of jacketed e.g. Steel pipes in the casing or coating, e.g. a thermo-elastic mass can be introduced.
  • Pipelines are subsequently cast or sheathed with a thermoelastic mass, for example based on bitumen.
  • the fiber-optic sensor cable is expediently laid loosely before the thermoelastic mass is introduced.
  • the final fixing of the cable is then carried out by the thermoelastic mass itself.
  • pipes covered with the thermoelastic mass can also be subsequently monitored using the principle according to the invention described.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is directed to monitoring and leak detection, which starts from sewers, sewers or the like, which are located below the water table.
  • the sensor cables are either laid in a star shape, avoiding branching of the sensor cable, or the measuring cable is laid in a loop in such a way that, starting from a laser signal coupling point, it is laid along the individual branch in the form of a loop to the end of the branch, and then when is necessarily returned and positioned in a next loop at the next branching section etc., the loop being laid out in such a way that the laser signal coupling and decoupling is possible at the same location.
  • a constant current control and monitoring of the condition of pipes, containers, pipelines or the like, in particular a large length expansion can be carried out in a cost-effective manner, the measured values obtained also being carried out Telemetric data transmission can be evaluated at a central point, so that the overall operational reliability of, for example, natural gas or oil pipelines increases.
  • the distributed temperature door measurement z. B. by means of fiber-optic sensor cables, one or more leak points are identified and localized with respect to their respective length or space coordinates. Accordingly, sections with z. B. recognize advanced corrosion and long-term monitoring can be used to view the temporal development of such leaks.
  • Fig. La The top view of a pipeline section in a trench with existing leakage
  • FIG. 1b shows a cross-sectional illustration of the arrangement of a pipeline located in a trench shown in FIG. 1a;
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the distributed temperature sensor or sensor cable in an expansion compensation area of a longer pipeline which has a flange or a weld seam;
  • 3a shows a flat-bottom tank to be monitored in a sectional view, temperature sensors distributed in the raised floor being arranged;
  • FIG. 3b shows the top view of the lower floor of the double-floor container according to FIG. 3a with a meandering distributed temperature sensor or sensor cable;
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the detected temperature over a section of a pipeline with a fiber-optic sensor cable arranged below the pipeline.
  • a pipeline or a pipeline 1 in a pipe trench 2 there is a pipeline or a pipeline 1 in a pipe trench 2.
  • This pipe trench 2 can be created by excavating soil 3 or by a separate, trough-shaped body, eg B. from concrete (not shown), which in turn can be in the ground 3, are formed.
  • At least one elongated temperature sensor for example a temperature sensor, is located along the direction of expansion of the pipeline 1.
  • B. a fiber optic sensor cable 5 is arranged.
  • the sensor cable 5 is expediently located almost in the middle below the pipeline 1.
  • Pipeline 1 and the trench floor 2.1 or the soil 3 may be arranged.
  • further sensor cables 5.1 can be arranged laterally below the pipeline 1.
  • distributed temperature sensors 5.2 can be arranged at a predetermined height starting from the trench floor 2.1 on the side wall 2.2 of the trench 2.
  • the medium 4 escapes and usually flows along the pipe or the pipeline 1 to the trench floor 2.1.
  • the medium 4 which has a different temperature in relation to the ambient temperature, leads to a local temperature peak which section of sensor cable 5 to 5.2 coming into contact with medium 4 can be determined.
  • a laser light source sends light pulses into this sensor cable, namely an optical waveguide.
  • the light backscattered in the optical waveguide is coupled out at a predetermined point and guided to a detector via appropriate filters.
  • a first optical filter lets light of the Stokes line Is pass, while a second optical filter lets light of the Anti-Stokes line pass.
  • the detector mentioned then generates signals from the intensities Is and la of the Stokes line and the Anti-Stokes line which are applied to a divider.
  • a ratio formation of the voltage signals Us and Ua obtained from the lines Is and la interferences which are due to an inhomogeneity of the light source used or other external influences on the optical waveguide are eliminated with the exception of the temperature.
  • the divider On the output side, the divider is connected to a computer which determines temperature values as a function of the propagation time of the incident light and thus in relation to the length coordinate of the optical waveguide.
  • Temperature values can thus be assigned to specific points or locations of the optical waveguide by means of the computer.
  • the ratio of the intensity of the Stokes line Is and the anti-Stokes line la determines the respective temperature value, while the length coordinates of the optical waveguide are determined from the transit time of the backscattered light pulse.
  • the respective temperature measuring range depends on the sensor cable used and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, lies in the range between 100 and 750 ° K.
  • a spatial resolution in the range of one meter is achieved with a length of the optical waveguide of approximately 8 km.
  • the local resolution currently achieved is 2 meters.
  • the local resolution capability achieved can be adjusted by controlling the pulse duration.
  • the temperature resolution achieved is in the range of 0.1 ° K.
  • the fiber optic sensor cables used by detecting changing mean values over the course of the day or depending on the ambient temperature of the pipe, the pipeline or the container. It is essential that local temperature differences that can be attributed to the influence of leakages can be recognized. For this purpose, not only the ambient temperature but also the actual media temperature can expediently be recorded as reference temperatures. B. in containers with non-flowing media over the course of the day and taking into account the heat capacity of the medium, monitoring is carried out at certain times with sufficient temperature difference.
  • the temperature curve determined in degrees Cel ⁇ iu ⁇ along a section of a pipeline is shown by way of example with FIG. 4, a fiber-optic sensor cable being used in an arrangement according to FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • a locally increasing temperature profile can be seen, this peak being due to a leak.
  • the heating path 10 accordingly has horizontal sections 10.1 and vertical sections 10.2. In the area between two vertical sections 10.2 there is a further horizontal section 10.1, which has a flange 11 or a weld seam having.
  • the sensor cable 5 is with the exception of the horizontal
  • Section in the region of the flange 11 on all other horizontal sections 10.1 is substantially along and below the Schutra ⁇ e 10.
  • the sensor cable 5 is formed in a helical or loop-like manner, circumferentially surrounding the heating line 10.
  • the number of loops or turns is increased in the flange area, so that reliable detection of even the smallest leaks, especially at the location of the flange 11 or at a weld, is ensured.
  • sensor cables 5 encompassing the heating tract 10 in a helical or loop shape can also be arranged.
  • 3a shows another exemplary embodiment of the method, in particular for monitoring a tank or flat-bottom container 20.
  • the tank or flat bottom container 20 is filled with a medium 40 and has a double bottom 50, consisting of an inner bottom 51 and an outer bottom 52.
  • a continuous or meandering sensor cable 60 is expediently arranged on the inside of the outer floor 52.
  • the outer bottom 52 can expediently have a slight slope G, the rate of propagation of the medium penetrating through a leak 70 and thus the amount being determined from the known distance of the sensor cables 60 and the slope G.
  • 3b shows, in principle, the arrangement of a sensor cable 60 designed as a meandering loop, which is arranged, for example, by means of clips (not shown) on the outer bottom 52 and towards the inside of the intermediate bottom of a tank 20. Since it can be assumed that the environment of the tank 20 has a different temperature than the medium 40 located in the tank 20, it can not only be recognized whether there is a leak 70 in the inner bottom 51, but also signs of corrosion and leaks in the inside Outer floor 52 with the consequence of the penetration of z. B. groundwater or rainwater can also be detected.
  • a monitoring room is thus formed which receives the sensor cable 60 in order to determine local temperature anomalies in the monitoring room, so that conclusions can be drawn about penetrating media. Due to the selected method, several leaks can be recognized at different locations at the same time.
  • the elongated temperature sensor or the sensor cable is inserted into the interior by means of a pipe pig, for example a sewage pipe pulled and laid.
  • a pipe pig for example a sewage pipe pulled and laid.
  • it can be determined whether groundwater penetrates from the outside through cracks and other leaks in the sewer, so that targeted remediation can be carried out.
  • the preceding exemplary embodiments show that the method according to the invention and the associated device can be used to monitor whether a liquid or gaseous medium, which is located in a media space, leaks as a result of leakage or whether a foreign medium in the from a container or pipeline or such enclosed media space occurs in an undesirable manner.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour contrôler et surveiller l'état de tuyaux, de conteneurs, de pipelines ou analogues qui acheminent des substances liquides ou gazeuses présentant des températures qui diffèrent par rapport à l'environnement immédiat. Selon l'invention, la répartition de la température ambiante est déterminée au moins sur des sections situées le long et/ou autour des tuyaux, des conteneurs, des pipelines ou analogues concernés, et/ou dans la zone du sol située à proximité, mais cependant en dehors de l'espace où se trouve la substance, entouré par lesdits tuyaux et autres. Cette détermination s'effectue à l'aide d'un détecteur de température réparti allongé, notamment un câble détecteur à fibres optiques servant à effectuer des mesures réparties de la température. La détection d'une anomalie locale dans la répartition de la température indique une fuite. L'emplacement, le sens de propagation et l'ampleur de la fuite peuvent être déterminés à partir de la répartition de la température à chaque point d'anomalie ou à chaque endroit de l'anomalie qui subit des modifications.
PCT/EP1996/000758 1995-02-24 1996-02-23 Procede et dispositif pour controler et surveiller l'etat de tuyaux, de conteneurs, de pipelines ou analogues WO1996026425A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU48801/96A AU4880196A (en) 1995-02-24 1996-02-23 Method and device for checking and monitoring the state of tubes, containers, pipelines or the like

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19506590.5 1995-02-24
DE19506590 1995-02-24
DE19509129.9 1995-03-14
DE19509129A DE19509129C2 (de) 1995-02-24 1995-03-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle und Überwachung des Zustandes von Rohren, Behältern, Pipelines oder dergleichen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996026425A1 true WO1996026425A1 (fr) 1996-08-29

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AU (1) AU4880196A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996026425A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2394041A (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Sensor Highway Ltd Surface movement detector with polarisation interferometer
WO2008047068A1 (fr) 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Schlumberger Holdings Limited Système et procédé pour détecter l'humidité
WO2008102104A1 (fr) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-28 Thermocable (Flexible Elements) Limited Détecteur de température
US9291521B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-22 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
USD800591S1 (en) 2016-03-31 2017-10-24 Homeserve Plc Flowmeter
CN107576420A (zh) * 2017-09-20 2018-01-12 郭泊远 一种能源管道泄漏监测系统
US10508966B2 (en) 2015-02-05 2019-12-17 Homeserve Plc Water flow analysis
US10704979B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2020-07-07 Homeserve Plc Flow detection device
CN111678050A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-18 宁波市北仑精诚设备安装有限公司 天然气管道泄漏检测方法、系统、终端及其存储介质
CN114583206A (zh) * 2022-02-15 2022-06-03 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 一种低温保护系统、全钒液流电池系统及其低温保护方法
CN115541118A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-30 深圳盛和通信有限公司 一种基于光纤温度传感器的监测系统及方法
US11808663B2 (en) 2021-06-09 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company In situ leakage detection system for buried nonmetallic pipeline
CN117450672A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2024-01-26 中广核太阳能开发有限公司 槽式光热电站监测系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB2394041B (en) * 2002-10-07 2006-03-01 Sensor Highway Ltd A method to monitor temperature in a vessel
GB2394041A (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Sensor Highway Ltd Surface movement detector with polarisation interferometer
WO2008047068A1 (fr) 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Schlumberger Holdings Limited Système et procédé pour détecter l'humidité
US8490472B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-07-23 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for detecting moisture
WO2008102104A1 (fr) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-28 Thermocable (Flexible Elements) Limited Détecteur de température
US9897508B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-02-20 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
US9291521B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-22 Eaton Corporation Leak detection system
US10704979B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2020-07-07 Homeserve Plc Flow detection device
US10942080B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2021-03-09 Homeserve Plc Fluid flow detection apparatus
US11209333B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2021-12-28 Homeserve Plc Flow detection device
US10508966B2 (en) 2015-02-05 2019-12-17 Homeserve Plc Water flow analysis
USD800591S1 (en) 2016-03-31 2017-10-24 Homeserve Plc Flowmeter
CN107576420A (zh) * 2017-09-20 2018-01-12 郭泊远 一种能源管道泄漏监测系统
CN111678050A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-18 宁波市北仑精诚设备安装有限公司 天然气管道泄漏检测方法、系统、终端及其存储介质
CN111678050B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2022-04-19 宁波市北仑精诚设备安装有限公司 天然气管道泄漏检测方法、系统、终端及其存储介质
US11808663B2 (en) 2021-06-09 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company In situ leakage detection system for buried nonmetallic pipeline
CN114583206A (zh) * 2022-02-15 2022-06-03 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 一种低温保护系统、全钒液流电池系统及其低温保护方法
CN114583206B (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-10-20 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 一种低温保护系统、全钒液流电池系统及其低温保护方法
CN115541118A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-30 深圳盛和通信有限公司 一种基于光纤温度传感器的监测系统及方法
CN117450672A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2024-01-26 中广核太阳能开发有限公司 槽式光热电站监测系统

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