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WO1996029007A1 - Enregistreur d'activite - Google Patents

Enregistreur d'activite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996029007A1
WO1996029007A1 PCT/GB1996/000603 GB9600603W WO9629007A1 WO 1996029007 A1 WO1996029007 A1 WO 1996029007A1 GB 9600603 W GB9600603 W GB 9600603W WO 9629007 A1 WO9629007 A1 WO 9629007A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
recording
sensing means
information
activity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/000603
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David John Walker
Original Assignee
David John Walker
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by David John Walker filed Critical David John Walker
Priority to GB9718988A priority Critical patent/GB2313672B/en
Priority to AU50108/96A priority patent/AU5010896A/en
Publication of WO1996029007A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996029007A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1104—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb induced by stimuli or drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
    • A61B5/221—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus
    • A61B5/222—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus combined with detection or measurement of physiological parameters, e.g. heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2505/00—Evaluating, monitoring or diagnosing in the context of a particular type of medical care
    • A61B2505/09—Rehabilitation or training
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6823—Trunk, e.g., chest, back, abdomen, hip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6828—Leg

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a portable device, and method, for the simultaneous recording of user activity and user assessment of any subjective perception.
  • the measurement of physical activity may have many applications. Physical activities, spontaneously undertaken, will be partially determined by ability to exercise, and may therefore be a useful and objective measure of disability. It may also have use in the surveillance of recommended exercise regimes and the physical activity demanded by different occupations. It may also be useful as a measure of activity in people who are incompetent to answer questions, such as young children or adults with dementia. Adherence to sports training regimes and the quantification of energy used to complete tasks undertaken in a natural environment may also be assessed by monitoring physical activity.
  • the invention finds application in any condition which produces a chronic disability.
  • this category one would include virtually all neuromuscular conditions, ageing, restriction of activity by angina, restriction by breathing problems such as bronchitis, restriction by anaemia, pain from other causes, peripheral vascular disease and restriction of activity by mood as in depression.
  • the invention is described having regard to the subjective perception of pain or discomfort.
  • the application is not to be limited in this way, rather the application is intended to cover any subjective perception which may be of clinical and/or surveillance value in determining the well-being of an individual.
  • the subjective perception of stiffness, tremor, comfort, contentment, thirst, noise levels or indeed any other subjective perception is intended to be included in the scope of this application.
  • the invention is described having regard to an event recording means.
  • This event recording means can be used to record any event such as a fall or even a more subjective event such as an attack of angina.
  • the application should be limited to either of the foregoing examples. Rather, the event recording means can be used to record any event which may be used to assess user activity.
  • the invention will find particular application in a number of situations where monitoring of the activity and/or pain of the user is required.
  • the invention will find utility in monitoring the improvement or deterioration in the symptoms of a medical patient in response to nursing and/or drug therapies, particularly, in respect of chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease, and in respect of other degenerative diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis. It is predicted that the information obtained from monitoring using the invention will enable the effectiveness of a given therapy and/or nursing regime to be determined more accurately and inexpensively, and accordingly optimised more quickly.
  • the invention will find utility in testing the toxicology, potency and efficacy of drug therapies, enabling pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs more rapidly, inexpensively and effectively than they are able to do currently.
  • the invention will find application in monitoring the response of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis to drug therapies, particularly to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
  • NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis are complex and frustrating disease.
  • the pathological process of Rheumatoid Arthritis is composed of acute inflammation, chronic immunological phenomena, and chronic connective tissue degradation.
  • the degree of pain and discomfort endured by sufferers of Rheumatoid Arthritis depends on a number of external factors, such as, type of activity undertaken, degree of exertion, time of day, ambient temperature. Statistics indicate that the incidence of clinical symptoms is higher in cold damp areas.
  • the techniques used to monitor degenerative diseases and the effect of a particular therapy have typically fallen into two categories:
  • a clinician/researcher conducting an interview with and/or examination of the patient/volunteer.
  • the Ritchie Index is an example of the former. It is a method used by clinicians to monitor and gather data on the symptoms of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. In particular, this method has found application in monitoring the effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The method has found favour amongst Rheumatologists due to its simplicity and quickness. This method has been recognised by the Standing Committee on International Clinical Studies.
  • NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  • Joint tenderness is considered by many Rheumatologists to be the most reliable clinical parameter of joint inflammation and hence the most accurate at reflecting the severity of the underlying inflammatory process involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  • the individual scores for each joint are summated to provided a score range from 0 to 78.
  • the degree of joint tenderness is considerably influenced by the amount of pressure applied by the examiner, and therefore an accurate comparison of data is not possible unless the tests are performed by the same examiner.
  • HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire
  • the HAQ measures physical disability in eight component categories: dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and outside activity.
  • Each category contains one or more questions, and the patient's responses are recorded on a 4-point adjectival scale, i.e. could they do the task asked by the HAQ;
  • An example of the method described in category 2 is the 24 hour Diary Pain Severity Record. This methodology is typically used to monitor the pain suffered by a patient over a period of 24 hours and as such is often used to complement the "snap shot" approach of the Ritchie and HAQ methods.
  • the 24 hour Diary method involves the patient describing the pain level and is therefore highly subjective.
  • the most commonly used scale on which to assess pain, particularly when applied to Rheumatoid Arthritis sufferers, is the Likert Scale. This is an adjectival scale consisting of 5 categories:
  • the Ritchie method involves the clinician exerting pressure onto the joint area. It is probable that each clinician will apply differing amounts of pressure to the joint areas, and as such results can only be accurately compared between examinations performed by the same clinician.
  • examination methods such as the Ritchie method may not locate the area of the patient's body actually causing most pain. As a result the examination will not pin-point the extent of the patient's symptoms.
  • results of a one-off test such as the Ritchie test will depend both on the type and extent of activity the patient has been partaking in prior to the examination. In addition, external factors such as the ambient conditions, the time of day are likely to affect the results.
  • Interview methodologies such as the HAQ method are based on the patient recounting the disability they have experienced during the period prior to the interview.
  • the 24 hour diary method provides a more complete picture of the patient's symptoms. However, it is time consuming for the patient to complete the diary and also requires the patient to remember to fill in the diary at the specified time. In addition, it is likely that the patient may forget to maintain the diary, or worse, to fill it in retrospectively.
  • the patient must record not only the level of discomfort felt at the specified time, the patient must also record and describe his/her activity during the previous period. Accurate recording of such information is open to errors as degree of exertion is difficult to quantify accurately.
  • a portable device for sensing and recording parameters relating to the well-being of a user which comprises:
  • At least one sensing means functionally coupled to a recording means whereby information from said sensing means can be recorded on said recording means; at least one input module adapted to allow said user to enter subjective information which information is also recorded on said recording means and further wherein said recording means is adapted such that said information can be selectively recalled when required.
  • said input module is removable.
  • said sensing means continuously monitors the activity of said user.
  • said sensing means comprises at least one posture sensing means, but preferably at least two posture sensing means.
  • One of said two posture sensing means is preferably positioned on the trunk of the patient, the other posture sensing means is preferably positioned on the thigh, so that in combination, said posture means enables a clinician to determine the patient's activity, ie lying, standing, sitting.
  • at least one of said posture sensing means comprises a mercury column.
  • said sensing means comprises at least one acceleration/deceleration detecting means, which preferably comprises a piezo-electric crystal.
  • said sensing means comprises a heart beat detecting means.
  • a facility which intermittently prompts the user to enter said subjective information into said input module.
  • said facility is programmable so as to prompt a user at preselected time intervals.
  • said facility includes an audible alarm.
  • said input facility includes a manual inputting means, preferably a thumb- wheel switch including a graduated scale.
  • said invention includes an event button which a user can press to record an event such as a fall or an attack of angina, or indeed any other event.
  • said recording means comprises a microprocessor, for example a PSION Series 3.
  • said recording means also includes said recall means.
  • said input module is functionally coupled to said recording means via an interface module.
  • a display means is provided for the purpose of displaying said information.
  • said invention further includes a disabling means which disables the device when a user is sitting or lying, and preferably also a monitoring means is also provided to periodically check whether the user has resumed activity, and if so to reactivate the device.
  • a method for sensing and recording parameters relating to the well-being of user which comprises:
  • Preferably said information is also displayed, after recall, for the purpose of assessment.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the invention as worn by the user.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 4 to 9 show recordings taken using the device.
  • Figure 10 shows a graph illustrating that the device of the invention can be used to measure energy used during activity.
  • Figure 11 shows the relationship of pain scoring to activity during a day when the invention is in use.
  • Tables 1 to 4 show validation data relating to the device of the invention.
  • Table 5 shows a table containing some of the results from a typical 24 hour trial obtained from using the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two views of the invention as worn by a user.
  • Figure 1 shows the recorder ( 1) as worn around the waist of the user.
  • the posture sensing means are shown on the trunk (2) and on the thigh (3).
  • the accelerating means (4) is also shown positioned on the trunk of the user adjacent the posture sensing means beneath the posture sensing means.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of the invention.
  • the left hand side of Figure 3 depicts the sensing means (5) of the invention.
  • the sensing means consists of at least one, and preferably two, posture sensing means which typically contains a mercury column.
  • one of the posture sensing means is positioned on the trunk of the user and another posture sensing means is positioned on the thigh of the user.
  • the sensing means may include an acceleration/deceleration sensing means, and/or may include a heart beat sensing means.
  • the sensors are encapsulated in silicone rubber compound for their protection and the patient's comfort, and are attached to the skin using an adhesive film.
  • the sensing means (2, 3) are shown in Figure 3 connectively coupled to an input module (6) which is shown in the centre of the Figure.
  • the input module is connectively coupled to an interface module (7) which is in turn connectively coupled to the recording means (8). It can thus be seen that all components are connected in series.
  • Figure 3 also demonstrates the flexibility of the invention, in that if desired, the sensing means (5) can be connectively coupled directly to the interface module (7), so bypassing the input module.
  • the input module (6) is shown in the centre of Figure 3.
  • the input module includes typically a graduated thumb wheel switch which the user operates to enter subjective information, such as pain assessment.
  • the recording means (8) is shown in the right hand side of Figure 3 and is shown as a PSION Series 3 microprocessor. In the case of the PSION microprocessor this recording means also includes a recall means.
  • Position Sensing (2, 3) - The patient's position is detected by two sealed mercury switches, which close a circuit if they are within 45° of the vertical position. One switch is attached to the chest over the sternum and the other to a thigh. The state of these two switches gives an indication of overall position divided into three categories: standing (chest and thigh vertical), sitting (chest vertical and thigh horizontal) and lying (chest and thigh horizontal).
  • Accelerometer (4) During periods of standing the patient's activity is monitored by an accelerometer, sensitive to vertical motion, attached to the patient's chest, the output of the accelerometer allows period of walking and individual steps to be identified, and gives an indication of walking vigour. It is made from a horizontally mounted piezo electric element weighted at one end and fixed at the other. This has voltage output which is proportional to the rate of change of acceleration. The piezo element output is buffered by a pre- amplifier mounted within the sensor assembly.
  • the sensors are connected to the microcomputer via an interface module. This communicates with the computer via a high speed serial data link, and contains electronic circuits to process accelerometer signal and combine it with the switch information.
  • the interface module is adapted for the Psion RS-232 link module.
  • the analogue signal from the accelerometer is integrated, to convert it to true acceleration, low pass filtered at 10Hz to remove unwanted high frequency information, amplified then digitised at a sampling rate of 20Hz.
  • the amplifier gain is adjusted so that the output of the 8 bit digitiser, with a range of 0 to 255, corresponds to an acceleration of approximately -10 to +10m/s 2 , negative representing an acceleration upwards.
  • SSD removable 'Solid State Disks'
  • Second is a sample file containing a string of bytes being the 20Hz sampled accelerometer data.
  • Third is a patient input file, containing the setting of the numbered switch for each of the half hour time slots during the day.
  • the positional data (stand, sit, lie) are reorganised into time periods.
  • the duration and the start time of these periods could be selected in the range 1 minute to 360 minutes, the accelerometer record was analysed to detect the occurrence and amplitude of steps. These were also analysed in the time periods as a count and mean (with standard deviation) respectively.
  • Step detection relied on the recording of the vertical impulse at heel strike by the accelerometer mounted on the sternum. The following rules were used to detect the impulse. 1. The peak must exceed a given threshold level, peaks below this level were assumed due to background noise.
  • the acceleration data must return to values below the threshold after the peak. 3. In the event of detecting more than one peak prior to return to threshold, the larger peak was recorded. 4. No two impulses could occur less than 0.3 seconds apart, this prevented the double counting in the event of high levels of noise but did impose a maximum cadence of approximately 3 steps per second.
  • the threshold and the minimum time between steps could be adjusted by the user, however the default values of 136 and 0.3 seconds respectively were found to be robust in validation studies with the patient group.
  • a variety of displays were available, the data could be visualised over 24 hours, 5 hours, 15 minutes or 50 seconds. In each case the position was represented by a line against either stand, sit or lie and steps were represented by dots plotted as amplitude against time. In the case of the 50 second display the acceleration trace was also shown allowing the user to inspect the outcome of the automatic step detection.
  • a summary table could be generated. This could either be printed or exported as a comma separated value (CSV) file. The exported file was compatible with a variety of spreadsheet and graphics packages which allowed for further analysis and display of the data.
  • CSV comma separated value
  • Figure 4 shows a sample recording from the machine: A fifty second period out of a twenty-four hour recording, showing the change in posture from lying to sitting, to standing still, walking slowly and walking more briskly.
  • Figure 5 shows a typical 24 hour recording in 24 hour summary with each dot representing a step, the further away from the base line, the greater the amplitude. A typical day's activity and night lying is shown.
  • Figure 7 shows the similarity of the traces.
  • Table II compares the amplitude recorded of the activity from two machines from two such simultaneous recordings and one recording of three machines with sensors applied adjacent each other. Ninety-five percent limits of agreement are within 3.2 amplitude units which represents a maximum 7% error at typical activity level.
  • the amount of activity in a recording is in practice without limit and can vary from 24 hours rest through to heavy physical activity all day. A maximum of 72 hours continuous recording without change of batteries is possible.
  • the machine in more than 150 individual recordings of twenty-four hours or greater, and discomfort from wearing the machine was only complained of by two people.
  • the weight of the machine at 600 g is of no limit to activity, and with the exception of getting wet, normal activity is possible.
  • the device can be modified to be either be enclosed in a waterproof wallet, or alternatively, it can be made of waterproof materials, or substantially waterproof materials so that the outer-shell of the device prevents penetration of water.
  • the product of number and average amplitude of steps for a period of time should reflect the energy used for physical activity during that period.
  • Week-to-week variation was assessed in a variety of normal subjects and rheumatoid arthritis patients. The machine was worn for the same period of the week on two consecutive weeks by nine different subjects. The results were summarised for 24 hours and are displayed in Table III. Energy expenditure between recordings was within 80% agreement. Day-to-day variation was assessed by recording subjects for 48 hours continuously. The first 24 hours was compared to the second. This was done for eight subjects and the results are summarised in Table IV. Agreement was around the 72% mark. These results show reasonable similarity of activity, week-to-week and day-to-day.
  • Table 5 there is shown a table containing some of the results from a typical 24 hour trial recorded using the invention.
  • the trial is divided into 24 one hour monitoring periods.
  • the left hand side of the table contains the data obtained from the sensing means.
  • the right hand side of the table contains further information resulting from computations based on the data from the sensing means.
  • the first column on the left hand side of the table contains the start time of each monitoring period.
  • the duration of each monitoring period is one hour (3600 seconds) as shown in the second column of the table.
  • the third, fourth and fifth columns contain the time spent lying, sitting or standing respectively, during each one hour monitoring period.
  • the sixth column records the number of steps taken by the user during each one hour monitoring period and the seventh column records the statistical mean amplitude of the steps taken during the monitoring period, together with the standard deviation in the eighth column.
  • the twelfth column from the left contains the statistical mean of the time interval between steps taken during each one hour monitoring period.
  • the invention concerns the provision of a device adapted to measure chronically, and if preferred, continuously the well-being of an individual so that small or gradual or otherwise imperceptible or difficult to detect changes can be detected and monitored.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil et méthode de surveillance d'activité. L'appareil est conçu pour enregistrer sur des périodes prolongées des données relatives à la posture et au nombre et à la vigueur des pas en temps réel. L'appareil comporte des détecteurs de position (5) et un accéléromètre (4). Les données sont traitées par l'intermédiaire d'une interface (7) et stockées sur l'ordinateur. L'appareil fournit à l'utilisateur la possibilité de saisir des données subjectives, généralement de manière périodique.
PCT/GB1996/000603 1995-03-21 1996-03-15 Enregistreur d'activite WO1996029007A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9718988A GB2313672B (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-15 Activity recording device
AU50108/96A AU5010896A (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-15 Activity recording device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9505635A GB9505635D0 (en) 1995-03-21 1995-03-21 Activity recording device
GB9505635.4 1995-03-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996029007A1 true WO1996029007A1 (fr) 1996-09-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/000603 WO1996029007A1 (fr) 1995-03-21 1996-03-15 Enregistreur d'activite

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5010896A (fr)
GB (1) GB9505635D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996029007A1 (fr)

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WO1999005960A1 (fr) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-11 Universite De Montreal Enregistreur de donnees interactif portable et programmable a echelle visuelle analogique
EP0943290A1 (fr) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-22 Robert Christiaan Van Lummel Méthode de mesure et de l'indication des limites des mouvements pendant les activités quotidiens
WO1999056820A1 (fr) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-11 Medtronic, Inc. Systeme de stimulation de la moelle epiniere
WO2001028625A1 (fr) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Appareil, techniques permettant de mesurer des equivalents metaboliques a l'aide d'un accelerometre, et capteurs de ventilation minute
WO2002071945A1 (fr) * 2001-03-12 2002-09-19 University Of Strathclyde Moniteur d'activite
EP1256316A1 (fr) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-13 Move2Health B.V. Dispositif portable muni d'un capteur d'accélération et méthode d'engendrer des instructions ou des conseils
WO2005035050A1 (fr) 2003-09-15 2005-04-21 Medtronic, Inc. Ajustements therapeutiques automatiques
WO2006052765A3 (fr) * 2004-11-04 2006-08-10 Smith & Nephew Inc Dispositif de mesure de cycles et de charge
WO2008030490A3 (fr) * 2006-09-06 2008-08-14 Maness Allen Llc Moniteur et méthodologie de test d'immobilisation suggéré (sit) à domicile
WO2010005818A1 (fr) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Medtronic, Inc. Affichage d’un état de posture sur une interface utilisateur d’un dispositif médical
WO2010089676A1 (fr) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Détermination de l'alignement d'un capteur
US7853322B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2010-12-14 Medtronic, Inc. Closed-loop therapy adjustment
US7957809B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2011-06-07 Medtronic, Inc. Closed-loop therapy adjustment
US7957797B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2011-06-07 Medtronic, Inc. Closed-loop therapy adjustment
US8886302B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2014-11-11 Medtronic, Inc. Adjustment of posture-responsive therapy
US8905948B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2014-12-09 Medtronic, Inc. Generation of proportional posture information over multiple time intervals
US8958885B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2015-02-17 Medtronic, Inc. Posture state classification for a medical device
US9026223B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2015-05-05 Medtronic, Inc. Therapy system including multiple posture sensors
US9149210B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2015-10-06 Medtronic, Inc. Automated calibration of posture state classification for a medical device
US9174055B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2015-11-03 Medtronic, Inc. Display of detected patient posture state
US9327070B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2016-05-03 Medtronic, Inc. Medical device therapy based on posture and timing
US9357949B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2016-06-07 Medtronic, Inc. User interface that displays medical therapy and posture data
US9440084B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2016-09-13 Medtronic, Inc. Programming posture responsive therapy
US9445720B2 (en) 2007-02-23 2016-09-20 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Processing sensed accelerometer data for determination of bone healing
US9492210B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2016-11-15 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Composite internal fixators
US9566441B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2017-02-14 Medtronic, Inc. Detecting posture sensor signal shift or drift in medical devices
US9592387B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2017-03-14 Medtronic, Inc. Patient-defined posture states for posture responsive therapy
US9737719B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2017-08-22 Medtronic, Inc. Adjustment of therapy based on acceleration
US9849216B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2017-12-26 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Systems and methods for delivering a medicament
US9907959B2 (en) 2012-04-12 2018-03-06 Medtronic, Inc. Velocity detection for posture-responsive therapy
US9956418B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2018-05-01 Medtronic, Inc. Graphical manipulation of posture zones for posture-responsive therapy
US10207118B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2019-02-19 Medtronic, Inc. Associating therapy adjustments with posture states using a stability timer

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