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WO1996030701A1 - Systeme d'incineration - Google Patents

Systeme d'incineration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996030701A1
WO1996030701A1 PCT/CH1996/000093 CH9600093W WO9630701A1 WO 1996030701 A1 WO1996030701 A1 WO 1996030701A1 CH 9600093 W CH9600093 W CH 9600093W WO 9630701 A1 WO9630701 A1 WO 9630701A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
area
combustion chamber
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1996/000093
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Theodor Koch
Original Assignee
Theodor Koch
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4197730&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1996030701(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Theodor Koch filed Critical Theodor Koch
Priority to EP96905650A priority Critical patent/EP0815394B2/fr
Priority to DK96905650T priority patent/DK0815394T3/da
Priority to JP8528742A priority patent/JPH11502603A/ja
Priority to DE59603073T priority patent/DE59603073D1/de
Publication of WO1996030701A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996030701A1/fr
Priority to GR990402917T priority patent/GR3031827T3/el

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a device.
  • Combustion or Firing systems can actually be divided into two categories.
  • the first category are the so-called grate firing systems. These are suitable for solid fuels, such as household waste, industrial waste, coal, etc. These fuels are burned on a grate.
  • a first phase the fuel is dried and degassed. This is already partially done in the feed zone of the plant. This process is triggered by the radiation from the combustion chamber and by the addition of preheated air. The fuel is also ignited on its surface due to the flame radiation from the combustion chamber.
  • the main combustion takes place, whereby the dried fuel ignites completely (not only on the surface).
  • more air is now supplied than in the first phase.
  • the conversion of solid carbon to gaseous products takes place, which through the firebox in the afterburning chamber. get the flue gas exhaust.
  • the temperature in this section of the furnace is high.
  • the supply of the air quantity is controlled or. customized.
  • the additionally supplied air also serves to cool the grate and, especially in the case of high-calorific fuel, an excess of air is generally used for precisely these reasons.
  • the final phase is then the remaining combustion. Not yet Completely burned out fuel, ie the combustion residue, for example pressed paper, coarse materials and remaining solid carbon, is burned or burned here. to burn out. Since there should be as little heat loss as possible so that the residual combustion can be carried out as completely as possible, only a correspondingly small amount of air should be added here (because of the risk of the combustion re-starch cooling down).
  • the phases shown here are usually carried out separately in the incineration plant, conventionally for example on a movable grate, which slowly transports the fuel forward in the combustion chamber.
  • the transitions of the phases are fluid or not recognizable at all, especially with high fuel calorific values.
  • the second category of incinerators includes the melting processes, such as rotary kilns or melting chambers.
  • the rotary kiln systems in particular are particularly suitable for the combustion of chemical waste in solid, pasty or liquid form. It is precisely these last two types of waste that cannot be used in grate firing systems because they cannot be stored or transported on the conventional grate.
  • the melting process the residues remaining from the combustion process are melted. This takes place through heat exchange between the residues and the hot flue gases from the combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber.
  • the slag that remains afterwards is fed to a water-cooled detoxifier and solidifies there to form a glazed granulate, which is easy to deposit due to its water-insolubility.
  • residues from combustion plants of the first category can also be melted, although a very high energy input is necessary, since these residues are introduced in cold form and have to be heated up first.
  • Such systems in particular rotary tube systems, are poorly suited for the combustion of large amounts of fuel, such as domestic and / or commercial waste, due to their low throughput.
  • the additionally supplied combustion air is also difficult to press through such waste, with the result that the combustion temperatures required for melting cannot always or not reliably be achieved.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide an incineration plant which can also burn solid and / or pasty fuels with a high throughput and can melt the combustion residue.
  • Such a device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the incineration of household and commercial waste.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a conventional grate furnace with counterflow.
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic longitudinal section of a conventional grate combustion system with medium-flow combustion
  • FIG. 3 shows the schematic longitudinal section of a conventional grate combustion system with direct current combustion
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic longitudinal section of a furnace according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the schematic longitudinal section of a furnace according to the invention with a rotary tube.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 The three known types of grate combustion plants are shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 3. Basically, all of these systems have a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 is introduced into the furnace.
  • the systems generally have a firing grate 3 and a burnout grate 4.
  • the fuel 2 is transported by devices on the grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction of the slag opening 5.
  • known movable grids such as roller grids, push-back grids, counter-thrust grates or counter-sliding grids are used for this purpose.
  • the afterburner 6 is arranged in the counter-rom furnace, as shown in Figure 1, right at the beginning of the combustion chamber 7. This means that the flue gases are only partially guided over the fuel 2 against the direction of movement.
  • the direct current firing according to FIG. 3 does not bring any significant improvement in this regard either.
  • the afterburning chamber 6 is indeed shifted a little further in the direction of material flow, with essentially only the combustion chamber 7 'being slightly closed above the actual combustion zone by means of an edge 8 projecting into the combustion chamber.
  • the burnout grate 4 is not or only slightly affected by the hot flue gases of the combustion zone.
  • the arrangement of the combustion chamber 7 according to the invention leads to the desired result.
  • the combustion chamber 7 By forming the combustion chamber 7 behind the burnout grate 4 and preferably also narrowing it in this area, the hot flue gases are passed over the combustion residues 2 '.
  • the narrowing causes an additional heating of these combustion residues, among other things also by additional heat radiation from the combustion chamber walls, with which the temperature required for the melting of these residues 2 1 can only be reached.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably provided with swirling edges 9 in the flue gas flow direction, which swirl the flue gases. This swirl also leads to better, i.e. homogeneous high flue gas temperature, which is reached in the afterburning chamber 6.
  • high-calorific fuel for example coal dust
  • This can preferably be done via feed openings take place, which are arranged in a stage 10 between the firing grate 3 and the burnout grate 4.
  • This further increases the heat input.
  • the residual fuel (combustible material, carbon) still contained in the combustion residues 2 ′ can thus be gasified and oxidized with little or no additional air supply, which can be supplied from below through the burnout grate 4. Such an additional air supply would remove heat again from the combustion residues 2 ', which is why this is actually undesirable.
  • this burnout grate 4 is preferably inclined, preferably approximately 20 ° from the horizontal, and preferably also has a concave cross section. So that the slag flows in the middle of the burnout grate 4 against the slag fall opening 5.
  • the melting process can be dispensed with, it is preferably provided according to the invention to cool the grids 3, 4 through cooling channels in the grates themselves.
  • the cooling can be done by gaseous or liquid coolants.
  • the choice of the coolant and also its temperature can on the one hand prevent the destruction or excessive wear of the grate 3, 4 and on the other hand also influence the combustion process in the main combustion area become. It is now also possible to achieve an approximately constant stoichiometric combustion in this area, which also develops the hottest flue gases. This cannot be guaranteed with conventional grate furnaces, since the additional air also serves to cool the grates 3, 4. Especially with high-calorific fuels, this means that there must be combustion with excess air in order to cool the grate 3, 4 sufficiently.
  • the burnout grate 4 actually becomes a melting grate.
  • the advantage of the molten slag lies in the practically complete burnout of the material, the destruction of toxic substances such as dioxin and furans, the immobilization of pollutants such as heavy metal and the reduction in the specific volume of the combustion residues themselves compared to a burnout.
  • blowing nozzles 11 are further provided according to the invention for blowing in flue gas.
  • These nozzles have plates 12 in front of their nozzle openings, preferably made of ceramic material. A swirling of the injected smoke gases is achieved by these plates 12, which leads to good gas burnout and self-cleaning of the nozzles 11. Without such swirling, the nozzles would clog in a short time due to the soot particles contained in the flue gas.
  • secondary air is added via the nozzles 11 'in order to ensure the gas burnout and the required oxygen content.
  • the invention provides for a rotary tube 13 to be connected to the burnout grate 4 to arrange, as can be seen from Figure 5.
  • Liquid fuels can now be introduced directly into this rotary tube 13 through correspondingly arranged feed openings 14 and burned there.
  • the great advantage here is that the hot flue gases are guided out of the combustion chamber 7 via the burnout or combustion chamber.
  • the length of the rotary tube 13 can thus also be much shorter in comparison to conventional rotary tube systems.
  • pasty or solid fuels with a very low calorific value can be applied to the melting grate 4 in front of the rotary tube 13.
  • Such a device according to the invention can be used universally for the combustion of all fuels, it being possible for the first area with the rust combustion to achieve a very high throughput, in particular also for solid fuels.
  • the walls 7 'of the combustion chamber 7 can be constructed from cooled masonry, as can also be seen in FIG. 4.
  • air channels are present in the masonry. Cooling air can now be guided through these channels and, if appropriate, subsequently fed to the combustion chamber 7 as combustion air. This is particularly advantageous when a fuel 2 with a low calorific value has to be burned, in which heat loss through the combustion chamber walls 7 'is to be prevented, so that the melting of the slag is promoted.
  • the temperature of the walls 7 1 is preferably kept within a predetermined value by a correspondingly regulated or controlled supply of the cooling air. According to the invention, this temperature value is said to be just below the melting temperature of the the walls for depositing fly ash resp. Slag parts are kept.
  • temperatures in the combustion chamber 7 higher than this slag melting temperature are achieved with a device according to the invention. Appropriate cooling of the combustion chamber walls causes the fly ash to melt, respectively. Prevents slag. The molten slag would severely affect the masonry. Through the adjustability of this temperature, the thickness of the slag layer can moreover be adjusted, preferably only a very thin slag layer is aimed for.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant d'incinérer des matériaux (2) solides ou pâteux à l'aide d'une grille de foyer (3, 4), qui comprend une chambre de combustion (7) fermée située au-dessus de la zone de la grille (3, 4). La chambre de postcombustion n'est disposée qu'après la zone de grille (3, 4) globale. Les gaz brûlés chauds sont de ce fait guidés hors de la première zone de grille (3) dans laquelle s'effectue l'incinération à proprement parler du matériau à incinérer (2), par l'intermédiaire de la zone arrière de la grille (4). Les résidus de combustion (2') peuvent ainsi être fondus dans cette zone arrière (4). Ce procédé permet de minimiser les résidus de combustion habituels qui subsistent lors de l'incinération d'ordures ménagères ou de déchets industriels. Lesdits résidus sont pratiquement exempts de tout matériau encore susceptible de brûler et les métaux lourds qu'ils contiennent sont immobilisés de façon insoluble dans l'eau.
PCT/CH1996/000093 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration WO1996030701A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96905650A EP0815394B2 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration
DK96905650T DK0815394T3 (da) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Forbrændingsanlæg
JP8528742A JPH11502603A (ja) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 焼却装置
DE59603073T DE59603073D1 (de) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Verbrennungsanlage
GR990402917T GR3031827T3 (en) 1995-03-30 1999-11-11 Combustion plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH897/95-5 1995-03-30
CH89795 1995-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996030701A1 true WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1996-10-03

Family

ID=4197730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CH1996/000093 WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0815394B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11502603A (fr)
KR (1) KR19980703333A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184693T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59603073D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0815394T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2137672T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3031827T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996030701A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2196935C2 (ru) * 2001-01-12 2003-01-20 Совместное предприятие "Торговый дом "Турмалин" в форме Акционерного общества закрытого типа Инсинератор
AT411705B (de) * 2001-06-01 2004-04-26 Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse
CN101922719A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-22 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 生物质锅炉的组合炉排结构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20020092318A (ko) * 2002-11-14 2002-12-11 김기경 고정식 수냉 화격자 소각로

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1348314A (fr) * 1963-02-25 1964-01-04 Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères
US3745941A (en) * 1971-12-03 1973-07-17 B Reilly Slagging refuse incinerators
WO1992001197A1 (fr) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-23 Vølund Miljøteknik A/S Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides
EP0573756A2 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 DEUTSCHE BABCOCK ANLAGEN GmbH Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1348314A (fr) * 1963-02-25 1964-01-04 Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères
US3745941A (en) * 1971-12-03 1973-07-17 B Reilly Slagging refuse incinerators
WO1992001197A1 (fr) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-23 Vølund Miljøteknik A/S Procede et appareil d'incineration de divers types de dechets solides et eventuellement liquides
EP0573756A2 (fr) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 DEUTSCHE BABCOCK ANLAGEN GmbH Procédé d'incinération de déchets et incinérateur

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2196935C2 (ru) * 2001-01-12 2003-01-20 Совместное предприятие "Торговый дом "Турмалин" в форме Акционерного общества закрытого типа Инсинератор
AT411705B (de) * 2001-06-01 2004-04-26 Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse
CN101922719A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-22 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 生物质锅炉的组合炉排结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0815394T3 (da) 2000-04-03
JPH11502603A (ja) 1999-03-02
ES2137672T3 (es) 1999-12-16
DE59603073D1 (de) 1999-10-21
EP0815394B1 (fr) 1999-09-15
EP0815394B2 (fr) 2002-04-17
KR19980703333A (ko) 1998-10-15
GR3031827T3 (en) 2000-02-29
EP0815394A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
ATE184693T1 (de) 1999-10-15

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