WO1996035371A1

WO1996035371A1 - Measuring device and method of measurement of the a.c. voltages induced in the human body by electrosmog

Info

Publication number: WO1996035371A1
Application number: PCT/CH1996/000180
Authority: WO
Inventors: René Ackermann
Original assignee: Ackermann Patent Gmbh
Priority date: 1995-05-10
Filing date: 1996-05-10
Publication date: 1996-11-14
Also published as: EP0771169A1

Abstract

The invention proposes a novel process for both monitoring and reducing disturbing alternating electromagnetic fields in the human organism and helps prevent long-term damage. A measuring aid for the accurate measurement of low charges on the human body (from 0.1 to 100 V a.c.), especially on the skin, is also proposed. The measuring aid can be earthed, takes the form of an a.c. voltage meter and has a permanent or attachable skin contact point for measuring and displaying the true electric a.c. voltage directly on the human body. The invention makes it possible for the first time precisely to detect the effect and ratio of the electromagnetic a.c. fields and the electromagnetic waves in order to find a strategy for reducing the disturbing effect of electrosmog.

Description

Measuring device and method for measuring the alternating voltages on the body of a person caused by electrosmog

Technical field

The invention relates to a measuring device and a method for measuring the alternating voltages which occur effectively on the body of a person and are caused by environmental influences, in particular by electrosmog.

State of the art

It is known that the electrical / electromagnetic alternating field that surrounds or is effective in a person is at least partially transferred to him. The law of field transmission is not known in the prior art. It cannot be calculated in advance, e.g. what level the AC voltage will assume, since this can also be strongly influenced by grounding conditions and by the movement of humans. It is recognized by most experts today that the EMC measurement technology that has successfully established itself for the interference immunity of electronic devices and transmitters cannot be easily transferred to biological functions, in particular humans or animals, to measure the interference effect. In the scientific treatment of the effects of electrosmog on humans, two approaches are currently in the foreground:

- The local current density or current flow in the human body

- The generation of eddy currents in the body by alternating magnetic fields.

However, there is currently no exact measurement technology that would allow it to be used in practice, e.g. Take appropriate direct measurements on the person in private households or at the office. Electrobiologists working in the field of low frequency use various measuring devices for their clarifications and measure:

- the electric field strength in the room (V / m)

- The magnetic field strength in the room (μl) as well

- the capacitive coupling voltage on humans (volt AQ.

The electrical and magnetic field strength measurement is primarily based on the setting of international limit values. However, these are safety limit values to prevent accidents and acute illnesses due to a thermal effect of energy fields. The IRPA limit for the general population is 5 kV / m (at 50 Hz). This value corresponds to the value of the electric field strength directly under a high-voltage transmission line (at 1000 amperes per circuit, vertically at a distance of 12 meters below the transmission lines). The question of long-term or long-term effects of weaker field loads - especially in small children, and long-term effects in adults - does not lead on the basis of these values, since "only" 1 to 2 kV directly in front of a socket of the 230 volt mains current / m are measurable. Based on the IRPA values, e.g. there is no electrical smog problem in normal living environments, which is only represented by a few specialists today. Electrobiologists measure the electric and magnetic fields primarily to get an idea of the different sources and basic loads. These practical experts mainly use the capacitive coupling voltage measurement method directly on the human body. A precision voltage measuring instrument and a metal measuring body, which can be gripped with one hand, are used for this, which is connected to the input of the voltmeter via a stranded wire. For the disadvantages of this measurement method, reference is made to the 1993 report of the Swiss Federal Office for Environmental Protection, series 214, as well as the brochure catalysis, electrosmog; Pages 165 to 167 referenced. For the correction or minimization of low-frequency loads or for the optimization of living and workplaces with regard to the effects of electrical equipment in the low-frequency range, a lot can be achieved by checking the coupling voltage, although the measurement of the capacitive coupling voltage with numerous errors is afflicted. Important causes of errors are the measuring device make, the way in which the measurement is carried out, and e.g. the length of the measuring cable connection. Since the capacitive measuring method is nevertheless very useful, it has been agreed that a qualitative but not a quantitative measurement can be carried out with it. For the international comparison, however, at least identical basic criteria or a matching measurement method would have to be used. This is particularly important when it comes to the effects of permanent stress.

Presentation of the invention

The invention now intends to provide a method and a device which make it possible to detect the exposure of the human body by electrical and electronic installations of its wider and closer surroundings or by electrosmog in such an unadulterated manner that essentially accurate, precise basic values can also be measured worldwide can be determined, which are carried out at different locations, are comparable and in particular allow the setting of corresponding limit values worldwide.

The new measurement method according to the invention is based on medical measurement techniques and is characterized by the following features: a) a sensor is designed as a small area Skin contact sensor; b) this forms a functional unit which is electrically protected against distorting external influences, with an AC voltmeter; c) a ground or earth connection, to display the undistorted coupling voltage resp. Coupling frequency of the body.

The method according to the invention is characterized by the following features: a) the AC voltage is detected directly on the human body skin by a skin contact sensor; b) this is fed to an AC voltage meter in an electrically protected manner against falsifying external influences, and c) is displayed as an unadulterated AC voltage, in particular as a coupling voltage and / or as a coupling frequency of the body. This means that local disturbing factors can no longer directly falsify the measurement recording.

The inventor has clearly recognized that human beings are the measure, the "measurement object", the center. The influence of the bioelectronic interference should be determined on him himself in the activity that he carries out or in the place where he is staying. Neither the electrical (V / m) nor the electromagnetic field (μl) should be chosen as a measure, but rather the charge in volts (AQ) that is effective on the body. It has been shown that the sum of all measurement errors has been so large, mainly because Unsuitable models were also assumed. The results could therefore never be more than qualitative statements. Since the human body is electrically conductive, its body (electrically isolated from the earth) is in an electrical oscillating field (like any living and working space with the use of the usual electrical power supplies and installations) to a vibrating body, to a carrier body for its own vibrating field that vibrates with the spatial frequency. The body is charged up to 100 volts AC. The first assumptions were confirmed with the first measurements only a simple explanatory model based on electronics can help but the model of heavy current technology or the model of energy technology in which the force effects are caused by magnetic forces is unsuitable. However, essentially no magnetic "motive forces" can now be measured in the human body. The human body is charged in an alternating electrical field. Because the human body is electrically conductive, the low-frequency AC voltage is identical at every point of the body, i.e. inside and outside, on the head, hands and feet and on every skin area. If it is not just an indefinable charge mixture that is measured, but rather the effective AC voltage component, technically exactly reproducible values can be determined. Under the same conditions, the same effective result is determined directly on humans all over the world. - Electromagnetic alternating fields are understood to mean in particular the fields caused by the electrical network or house installation and by electrically operated devices, machines, etc. In the past, this part was called low frequency up to around 20,000 Hz. - Technical, electromagnetic waves above 20,000 Hz as far as they are e.g. generated via radio, radio, television, direction finder etc. or other electronic devices was referred to as radio frequency.

In Figures 1 to 1b, measurement values from three measurement methods are shown on the same person. In all cases, the person was holding an activated hair dryer in his hand. The only thing that can be said about the electric field is that the surrounding field in particular is measured at the point in question. When measuring the magnetic field (μ), very different measured values are determined in the different body zones. The ratio of the measured values on the head and hand that holds the electrical apparatus is particularly striking. A value of 6.8m Tesla is still measured on the back of the hand, and only 0.19 on the head. In contrast, FIG. 1 b shows that the measuring device according to the invention and the method according to the invention measure 15.1 volts AC at every body part, that is to say at the head as well as at the foot. This proves that the current schuimedical assumption of differently exposed parts of the body is incorrect with regard to fields of interference. The body charges itself to a uniform alternating voltage in the low-frequency range depending on specific local alternating fields. For each measurement there is a second measurement result in brackets, for which the body was connected to an earth ground or to an earth conductor. When measuring the voltage, the corresponding measured value is reduced to less than 1%. The grounded value is little reduced in the test measurement. The only logic that can be recognized is that the field measured values reflect values of the electrical spatial field at the location in question that have no relation to the voltage values inside the body. The Tesla values are only of relative significance with regard to their effect on body function. The low-frequency alternating electrical field is often the main disturbing factor. The new invention helps in particular for the rapid determination of a strategy for reducing the interference effect of alternating fields. Because the human body does not react to the magnetic field strength itself, the classic laws of action of electrical and magnetic field strength in electrical engineering for the BES area (bioelectronic sensitivity as a new name) may only be used with reservations. To the extent that humans are part of a larger mass or the earth, only a reduced AC voltage can build up. The interference field can no longer have an effect on a grounded human body. The high-frequency electromagnetic waves are completely or partially preserved in both cases. However, if the fundamental frequency or carrier frequency is missing (the large charge due to the interference field of the network), the effect of weak electromagnetic waves is less or insignificant. However, stronger magnetic waves can be very damaging to a basic charge on the body. However, these statements should by no means be confused with the effect of the mains current itself. If the human body is an earth conductor between the mains voltage and the earth, the full mains current flows with all its consequences if the voltage is not interrupted very quickly by a fuse system. Surprisingly, the inventor was able to prove by metrology that the skin in the effective range of a low-frequency electrical interference field not only shows the AC voltage as a capacitive coupling voltage of the network (50 Hertz) but also the electromagnetic waves as a harmonic as a coupling frequency. The skin is, as it were, a receiver or antenna for the interference field known per se (as a fundamental oscillation) and also a receiver for all electromagnetic waves as harmonics of the interference field, as can be proven on the basis of oscillographic recordings. A technically generated vibration signal that is emitted in the same room is simultaneously transmitted to the electrical field of the body and can be removed from the skin using an oscillograph (see FIG. 4). It is possible, e.g. simultaneously determine the remote control signals for heating systems, etc., which are transmitted by the electricity company via the power grid and are superimposed on the skin. To this day, the entire news community has completely wrongly claimed that humans have no receiving organ for the signals sent wirelessly in or via free space. It has been recognized by the inventor that the interference effect of electromagnetic waves and alternating fields is above all a problem of signal technology for the living organism and not a problem of energy technology, as has been argued so far. Some medical technologies have been using the method of voltage measurement (simple volt measurement) for decades, be it in the body or on the body surface or on the skin, in order to be able to make diagnostic statements. Electroneurography can be used to determine the nerve conduction speed using stimulation and lead electrodes. What is essential for the present consideration is the fact that the nerve conduction speed can be determined equally with surface and needle electrodes. The so-called muscle irritation is also known. Even with a "dead" muscle, muscle contractions, twitches or, if more than 50 irritations per second, even muscle stiffness can be triggered with appropriate irritation. The results of electromyography (EMG) on the living organism are particularly interesting. EMG is a method for registering the spontaneous or in the case of voluntary innervation or provocable by electrical stimulation action currents in muscle tissue and muscle action potentials (MAP) by derivation with the help of needle electrodes inserted into the muscle or surface electrodes placed over the muscle; the potentials are strengthened, optically reproduced with the help of oscillography and recorded (for example with a direct writer). "(citation from Pschyrembel, Klinisches Wörterbuch, page 422). Depending on the type of health or disease condition, one can thus Biological processes inside the body are characterized by special voltage profiles (discharge salvos) on the skin surface. Diagnostic indications include the following: damage to the muscle, muscle necrosis, denervation, damage to the front horns of the spinal cord, etc. (Reference is also made to the specialist article in Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, July 1988 CH. L. Levkov.) FIGS. 3a to 3c demonstrate the effectiveness of the invention with measurement examples for the voltage profile on the human skin while working with an electrical device (sewing machine) (vertical: voltage in volts (AQ; horizontal: time in msec). A complete curve section corresponds to a time of 50 msec. The mains frequency of 50 Hz and also a pronounced harmonic is clearly expressed in FIGS. 3a and 3b. The voltage was 3a: 31 to 50; 3b: 6 to 18 volts (AQ. The type of the superimposed interfering vibrations changes relatively strongly. The oscillation curves shown are only selected examples. In FIGS. 3a and 3b the person was not decoupled from the alternating field. In contrast, for the examples according to FIG The fundamental oscillation of the network (50 Hz) has completely disappeared in all recordings according to 3c However, even with a somewhat reduced voltage stop of 0.2 volts (AQ. This corresponds to the general experience of technical interference suppression. Only with complete shielding ie e.g. the formation of a closed or shielded Faraday cage around the person, as is sometimes necessary in industrial workplaces, the typical signals or the corresponding electromagnetic waves from news transmitters could also be eliminated. The last example 3c was created artificially over the room. Figures 3d to 3f show mere control measurements independently or without work or contact with an apparatus, but in the same relatively high electromagnetic interference field in the room. FIG. 3d shows the signal curve with a measuring probe in the air, but without skin contact. In contrast to all other recordings, the vertical scale for the voltage display in Fig. 3d was enlarged by a factor of 10. The transmission signal is also retained here. As a further control, the course of tension in the body, in the closed mouth, was measured in accordance with FIGS. 3e and 3f. FIG. 3e shows the voltage curve without earthing, FIG. 3f with earthing of the person. However, this is the first time that it has been proven that both the electrical interference field (low frequency) and the electromagnetic waves (high frequency) act on the body and at least partially on the inside of the body. The alternating field of the network, as it were, clocks the body or the electrical field of the body on the network frequency. According to all the rules of technical signal processing, the electromagnetic waves from wireless transmitters that have been transmitted into the room increasingly and almost arbitrarily for 10 to 20 years, in particular as harmonics to the alternating electrical fields of the electrical house installation or the electrical apparatus, are the primary sources of interference, which particularly disrupt internal biological processes. The medical techniques cited above (CH. L. Levkov) demonstrate the interaction, above all the interference interaction of electrical signals coming from outside on the internal functions. Together with the alternating field of the mains current, the electromagnetic waves have the same effect as staying in the close range of strong, wireless transmitters. People who have typical diseases caused by interference fields confirm that they are nervous at night Sleep disorders and during the day that working with electrical handheld devices in particular is perceived as a very great burden. If you add up all the hours of the day during which a housewife or a craftsman operates an electrical device, you get many hours. Depending on the circumstances, changing charges of up to 100 volts (AQ) can be measured on a person when working with electrical apparatuses without special protective measures. In the course of numerous measurement examinations with the solution according to the invention, three problem areas were recognized with clarity: The invention proceeds from classical model of "mass" according to the older practice of radio construction. The human body is considered to be a mobile mass. Depending on the particular situation, the body mass itself is charged by the alternating voltage, namely when the body is isolated from the earth mass. This is very often the case in a domestic work and living area (rubber shoe soles) .If the, even electrically conductive body is more or less conductive with a much larger real "building mass" (e.g. with an uncharged, solid building wall or with the heating system, etc.) in contact, w If coupled to it, charging by alternating voltage is suppressed. This is for the very simple reason that the relatively weak electromagnetic fields cannot charge the large building mass or cannot set it in motion. In contrast, the isolated human body is a small mass. If a person stands, sits or lies isolated in a room, the electrical field of the body is set in motion with the effective surrounding field according to the mass-spring principle, coupled to the surrounding alternating field. Earth or earth is considered as synonyms according to previous practice in radio technology, whereby the same function can be via the neutral conductor of the mains power supply. The question of the alternating current flow is of no importance in this view. This is confirmed by the fact that in the human body no heating can be determined at all in terms of measurement technology in the “technically” relatively weak fields or waves under discussion. The effect of electrosmog is shown as a model in FIG. 2. This shows the three extreme cases. In everyday reality, man is somewhere between the three extremes:

• If the stationary body (R - resting) is isolated from earth, it couples to the electrical interference field in the room. The body becomes an electrically charged conductor with its own electric field. The body's electric field is set in motion.

• If the electrically charged body (B) moves in the alternating field, it induces a higher voltage in the alternating electromagnetic field. The movement creates an additional induction voltage (provided the Körepr is not grounded).

• If the body is directly or indirectly connected to earth (E) it cannot be charged by the alternating field. The body is decoupled:

=> No electrical alternating field is formed without electrical charging => The interference effect of the low-frequency alternating interference field is therefore prevented with earth. -> There is no alternating current flow from humans to the earth, since both have the same potential (earth potential).

Only a correct cause-and-effect model can also be the basis for systematically and specifically identifying effective remedies and applying them to a specific case. Another particularly important breakthrough for the practical measurement of the effects of electrosmog was the realization that the three areas must be differentiated:

• low-frequency interference field

• Harmonics or a medium frequency range

• the actual radio frequency.

Many measurements have shown that a metrological restriction to one of the three areas is not relevant. The reason is that all three areas interact in many places. It is not uncommon to find almost inexplicable mutual influences. It has now been recognized as important that, particularly in the low and medium frequency transition range, the classic volt measurement with V Ueff is not. but a peak voltage measurement V Us is made. The peak value is preferably carried out as a triangle measurement, since the sinusoidal form is only one possibility among many (FIGS. 9 to 9c): according to a particularly advantageous further embodiment, it has a peak value display and an effective value display, and a computing unit for determining a ratio between the peak value and Effective display. Even with a simple device, this allows conclusions to be drawn about a specific cause without visualization using an oscilloscope. If the ratio corresponds to: Ueff • y2 - Us ^* , then there is a classic sinusoidal form of the AC voltage. If the value deviates, another form of the interference frequency can be concluded. If the medium and high frequency range has to be analyzed, the device has a device for visualization, e.g. as an oscilloscope or via electronic means for storage or graphic visualization. It is thus possible to determine the effective or coupled frequency range of the alternating interference field or the electromagnetic waves with the same voltage measurement or direct measurement on the body, preferably the specifically effective interference frequency or a combined interference frequency, for example. the relationship between a fundamental and a harmonic is determined and visualized. In the area of the low measured values of the coupling voltage e.g. for values less than 0.1 volt AC, various mean values can also be calculated using computer means. For a more complex structure of the measurement evaluation, it is even conceivable to evaluate specifically according to the signal form, such as pulsed signals, or otherwise very steep signal rise values, etc. For its structural design, the measuring device has a front level offset in the housing, in which the skin contact sensor is arranged in a mechanically protected manner, the front level preferably having two front parts arranged at an obtuse angle for the skin contact sensor and the display. This has the advantage that the device is not operated unintentionally and the battery is loaded. The sensor thus has a certain mechanical protection in a briefcase or suitcase. The invention allows a number of further particularly advantageous configurations. For a convenient digital display, the skin contact sensor is preferably designed with an AC-DC converter as an electrically protected functional unit as a protected sensor converter, which is either installed directly in the AC voltage measuring device or is connected to the AC voltage measuring device via a measurement signal line. With the known laboratory voltmeters digital voltmeters, an AC voltage can undoubtedly be measured, which is also the case in previous practice when measuring the capacitive coupling. The probe is guided to the measuring point via a wire connection. However, this solution only allows precise, technical measurements on devices. In the case of surrounding alternating fields, however, the measuring wire itself is also charged and falsifies the result. If the measuring wire is designed as a shielded cable, the results are influenced by the cable length and the type of shielding and should be corrected. Another particularly important factor in the falsification of measured values resulted from the so-called input resistance of the measuring device. The input resistance (discharge resistance to earth or ground) of the measuring device should be more than 20 MW, preferably more than 100 MW. All tested measuring devices from retailers have an input resistance of less than 20 MW. A noticeable improvement starts at more than 50 MW. Optimal values are in the range of approximately 500 to 2000 MW, particularly preferably 1GW. Measurements with various known brands, especially with parallel connections, prove that the size of the input resistance alone can cause a distortion factor of up to 10. The results were further improved in that the skin contact sensor was made small-area, preferably even smaller than the area that can be covered with a finger. The larger the dimensions of a sensor and the longer the wire connection to the voltmeter, the greater is a corresponding adulteration factor, since the total length of the rod sensor with connecting wire is itself charged by the electromagnetic field and the result is a mixture of sensor with wire connection and charging the body skin. The usual sensors in known voltage measuring devices are designed with terminals or tips and for metallic contact. The task for the construction of the known (AC) alternating current measuring devices is the direct measurement of a voltage which is present as AC voltage at some point with sufficient "replenishment" of a source. These are therefore unsuitable for correctly determining the voltages generated by electrical fields (without sufficient current afterflow). The skin contact sensor is very particularly preferably designed as a pushbutton, a pushbutton or a pressure film for simultaneous use Activation of the measuring device with the skin print. The measuring aid is preferably designed as a small hand-held measuring device, as a table or one-hand measuring device, so that the skin contact sensor can be actuated via the thumb or index finger of the same hand. It has often been overlooked that in the field of measuring electromagnetic fields, any additional equipment that is introduced into the spatial field can in turn lead to falsification, especially if it is large (large, massive laboratory equipment). The hand-held measuring device is preferably designed for battery operation. In practice, an optimal measuring range from 1 mV (AQ to 200 V (AQ, preferably from 10 mV (AQ to 100 volts (AQ) has been found. Battery operation has the advantage that an additional field is not introduced through current-carrying supply cables The housing of the measuring device is preferably made of plastic and is to be shielded on the inside and electrically non-conductive outside the skin contact point The person can be made into a real mass himself, continuously or experimentally using an earth field capacitor effect and the AC voltage can be greatly reduced.

In terms of process engineering, it has proven to be optimal if the skin contact sensor is designed as a switching contact and the measurement is always carried out under the same minimum switching force. The measurement recording thus results in surprisingly realistic values. Any errors that still exist can be considered insignificant for the requirements for practical measurements. With parallel measurements it can be proven that a very high reproducibility of better than ± 10% deviation can be achieved in this way. Even a thin, non-conductive protective layer, a thin layer of plastic or paint can be applied to the flat contact sensor without disturbing the result. Since it is a flat contact and an alternating voltage, the alternating voltage is transmitted almost unadulterated in a capacitor-like manner over a thin layer. If the finger is heavily greased, the result does not change. In contrast, thicker rubber gloves can reduce the displayed value by 30 to 50%. The finger switch contact via a finger sensor or a finger sensor therefore represents an ideal solution for measuring the AC voltage on the human body. The contact surfaces have a similar effect to capacitor surfaces as the earth field capacitor. For example. If the contact is made only with a fingernail, the displayed measured value can drop by half to a third. This shows that the model of electrostatic peak discharge is not valid here either. According to a further very advantageous embodiment, a protected skin contact sensor (as a finger sensor) is arranged directly on the measuring device, the AC voltage being measured on the skin contact sensor (finger sensor) when the fingerprint is applied. As a result, any voltage drop through a measuring line or vice versa is a voltage increase due to a strong surrounding electromagnetic field excluded. The measuring device is preferably grounded and the body voltage or charge measured for low and medium frequencies with respect to earth. In very many cases, the ground connection e.g. a central heating or a water pipe the same values as the connection to the earth conductor. In practical cases, this should be checked by a control measurement. The ideal sought for the measurement recording is that the corresponding medical measurement technology is approximated as far as possible with a practically feasible method. The sensor may only have a few mm2 area, if possible it should be smaller than a palm. It is important that the measurement recording by the sensor is not disturbed by other environmental influences. As little as possible should flow to the earth or neutral conductor via the measuring device. In contrast, for the decoupling of the person from the surrounding alternating field, the best possible connection is established via an earth field capacitor and the person is thus decoupled from the alternating field. The measurement display then goes to zero for the lower frequencies. According to a very advantageous application, a body earth field is generated, the body earth field being switched on and off by interrupting the earth connection, in order to determine the effectiveness of the body earth field or earth field capacitor. Another very valuable application idea is that a grounding point for suppressing the alternating voltage of the human body is attached to electrical apparatus or hand-held machines, and the effectiveness of the grounding point is determined by the measuring device. The invention allows in a very simple way to determine the effective frequency range with the same voltage measurement or direct measurement on the body and, for example. visualize the measurement signal (the signal curve) using an oscilloscope or record it graphically using appropriate electronic means. This allows the control or measurement of a specifically effective coupling frequency, be it a low, medium or high interference frequency, particularly the effect of a combined interference frequency and the result to be determined after measures have been carried out. In this way, the ratio of a fundamental vibration (e.g. the power supply or the traction current) or even the ratio of more than one fundamental vibration (e.g. the power supply and the traction current) to harmonics, or special pulsed shapes (sawtooth shape) and the success of measures can be determined. Furthermore, if the equipment is appropriately expanded, all effective frequency ranges, be it as harmonics or other harmonics superimposed on the harmonics, etc. can be determined. This opens up a completely new approach, in particular a new strategy for the evaluation of bioelectrical disturbances and above all for switching off or minimizing with the least possible effort. The new invention allows even laypeople to proceed sensibly in the low frequency range. The highest frequencies (dm, cm, mm and smaller wavelengths) no longer generate a coupling frequency in the sense shown, since these can only be effective locally (hand in the microwave oven). For the time being, the following are recommended as practical load limit values from the mains voltage (50/60 Hz) or for low frequency for the human body:

• Sleep: optimally around 0; max 0.1 volt (AQ

• Sitting hourly: 0.1 to 0.5 volts (AQ; 1 volt AC should not be exceeded too long and too often.

• Working with machines every quarter of an hour: 0.5 - 2 volts (AQ; 5 volts (AQ should not be exceeded too long and too often.

The critical value of 0.1 volt AC when sleeping can also be assumed as a kind of sound limit, since there is a voltage difference of 0.1 volt between the inside and the outside of a body cell. In future, the 0.1 volt should be the starting point for legal limit value regulations.

Brief description of the invention

The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 1 comparison: coupling voltage, magnetic and electrical field strength; FIG. 2 model of the capacitive coupling and decoupling; it shows the effect of

Electrosmog based on three extreme examples (R), humans isolated from earth, (B) additionally in motion and (E) grounded; FIGS. 3a to 3f show various measurement recordings according to the invention of the voltage curve on human skin, in free space and inside the body in

Area of an interference field in a living room; FIG. 4 schematically shows a measurement disposition; 4a shows a measurement situation according to FIG. 10; e FIG. 4b shows a second measurement situation according to FIG. 10; FIG. 5 shows an electrical basic diagram of a measuring device according to the invention; e Figure 6 shows an example of a tabletop device; FIG. 7 shows a one-hand measuring device; FIG. 7a shows a separate, protected skin contact sensor with measurement signal transmission; e Figure 8 shows an overview of the area of the low, medium and high frequencies; Figure 9 shows the voltage measurement for a sine wave with Veff and Vs; e FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c show three different signal forms; e Figure 10 shows the new measuring device connected to earth for low frequency range; e Figure 10a the measuring device without earth for the control of high frequency; e Figure 1 1 the basic concept of a measuring device with an oscilloscope; FIG. 12 shows a test experiment with an earthed doormat; FIG. 13 shows a test experiment with grounded water; 14, 14a the capacitive coupling in via an earth field capacitor.

Ways and implementation of the invention

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. This shows the generation of a body earth field E by an earth pad 1, or an earth field capacitor, which is connected via a ground or earth conductor 2, which is connected to a measurement aid 3, indicated by a broken line. The measuring aid can be designed as a simple measuring device 4 (FIGS. 8, 9) or be part of a larger measuring device. In FIG. 4, the body earth field is generated directly above the seat of a simple chair 5. The chair can be made of any material, plastic, metal or wood. The nature or structure of the chair is of secondary importance. In particular, the chair itself does not have to be grounded. The heart of the measuring aid 3 is a digital voltmeter, labeled with an AC-DC converter with a display 7. For the measuring method, it is important that the voltmeter 6 is connected to ground or to earth via a ground line 8, for example. a socket 9 of the house installation can be connected. Each measurement is therefore based on a relatively stable electrical base potential. For the measurement of the voltage on the skin of the human body, an electrically conductive pusher 10 is provided, with which the voltage signal is supplied to the measurement rectifier via a measurement line 11. On the other hand, the pusher 10 is designed as an electrical contact switch or skin contact sensor 12, with which the supply line 13 of a battery 14 for the supply current can be closed or interrupted via a switch. For checking the effectiveness of measures for reducing interference, it has proven to be particularly useful if, for example, the earth or earth conductor 2 can be interrupted in a simple manner in terms of measurement technology and switched on again by arranging an earth interruption in the earth conductor as an earth interrupter switch 15. To detect actual sources of interference, the measuring aid 3 or the measuring device 4 has at least one further shielded measuring connection 16, which can be connected to a measuring probe or space probe 17 via a shielded wire 16. This makes it possible to connect a wide variety of measuring probes 17 to the same system. An extremely low-consumption voltage measurement in volts AC within an electronic circuit could also be carried out via the ground connection and the probe input. FIG. 4a shows the measurement arrangement of FIG. 4 in the case of a pure control measurement for charging a person 20 under the action of an earth field capacitor, which is located in an interference field 21. The person touches with the hand resp. a finger the electrically conductive pusher 10, and thus transmits its instantaneous charge or the voltage of his skin via the measuring line 1 1, to the measuring electronics 6. The result is displayed simultaneously with the corresponding specification in volts, e.g. 0.09 ... 0.1 volt (AQ shown in the display 7. FIG. 4b shows according to the figure 4a a second control measurement. The same person presses with the left hand on the earth breaker button 15, so that the body earth field E is lifted above the chair. In the display 7, the numbers 5 ... 10 ... 20 volts (AQ) indicate common voltage values which, in comparison to the measurement according to FIG. 4a, now demonstrate the voltage reduction by the application of a body earth field under the seat of the person In this way, a decrease in the person's charge by a factor of 10 to 100 and more could be ascertained with a test device, depending on the particular circumstances. Specifically, it must be noted here that the person himself is not grounded in the example 6 is preferably designed such that the electrically conductive pusher 10 for the measuring line 11 and the earth interruption pusher 15 can be operated with two fingers of the same hand For example, a test device can be used to directly connect the earth to the body, and it is astonishing that the charge is reduced again compared to FIG. 4a can be reduced, but by a relatively small amount. The earth field capacitor effect between the earth network (1) and the gluteal membrane of the person with the textile material in between is the same for the earth effect or at least not very much less than the direct earth contact.

In the following, reference is now made to FIG. It is a digital measuring device with an AC-DC converter as an example of a solution according to the invention. The middle dash-dotted box is the measuring rectifier 100, to the right of it a display 101 and to the left of it the input circuit 102. The input circuit 102 has a skin contact sensor 10 and a ground or earth connection 8. In the example, two input or leakage resistors are shown, a main resistor 103 and a reduction resistor 104. The main resistor is designated 1 GΩ and the reduction resistor 104 is designated 1 MΩ. The voltage range led to the measurement rectifier is adapted by the choice of the size of the reduction resistor 104. VDD is preferably used to denote the voltage supply via a battery; INH1 means the positive input measurement voltage, INLO the input measurement voltage zero, COM a common connection for analog input REF HI the reference voltage input.

FIGS. 6 and 7 each show an entire measuring device, FIG. 6 being a table-top device and FIG. 7 being a one-hand measuring device. According to FIG. 7, the tension is applied by pressing the thumb on the pusher 10 or respectively. Hand contact switch 12 placed on the measuring device and shown in the display 7. 6 shows, in simplified form, an entire measuring device 3, 4 in a table shape, in which the basic elements according to FIG. 10 are integrated. Earth conductors 2 and 8 can be normal stranded wires. The contact switch or the skin contact point is preferably chosen to be only approximately large enough to be covered with the finger. It is important that the connection 16 'and the connecting line 16 to the Space probes 17 are shielded. FIG. 7a shows a further probe configuration only schematically. This can be a protected skin contact sensor in which the input circuitry and measuring rectifier are installed, or an entire measuring device. It is important that the skin contact sensor 10, 12 is functional in accordance with the invention and forwards unadulterated measurement values.

FIG. 8 shows an overview for the different frequency ranges and this FIG. 9 shows the definition of the voltage measurement Ueff. as well as Us. The normal voltage measurement is measured in terms of a power measurement (direct-alternating current) as the effective voltage Ueff and as the highest voltage value Us (peak). According to the understanding of the new invention, it is not the electrical power (or the current flow) that is decisive for the effect of electrosmog, but the peak values. The measurement is therefore preferably taken as Us. FIG. 9a shows a sinusoidal signal curve with a clear harmonic. Again, the more important value is the Big US. FIG. 9b shows a signal from a machine (sewing machine). Here it is even clearer that the maximum deflections Us can have a special effect. The signal curve in FIG. 9c (signal curve on the laptop) is even more striking. All three signals were taken as coupling frequencies on the skin of a person and displayed on a PC and a printer.

Figures 10 to 13 show some applications or tests with the new measurement technology or the new measuring device. The basic application of the device is shown in FIG. 10 with an earth connection for measuring the charging of the person in the low-frequency range and medium frequencies and indicates the capacitive coupling voltage. There are two possible states. The person is in a normal alternating space without earth impact. The charge is then a maximum (from Figure 10, 5.6 volts AQ. The second possibility is that the person is directly or indirectly coupled to earth (via a direct earth connection or via an earth field capacitor (Figure 12) in both cases 10a shows the application of the measuring device without earth connection .. Since the lower range of the high frequency or the middle frequency range is not or only partially filtered out in the device, the fingerprint now shows the person (hand / Arm etc.) acting charge also transfer these interference frequencies to the sensor. By changing with or without grounding of the measuring device the classic low frequency (50 Hz) can be measured separately and separated from high frequency coupling voltages and appropriate measures taken People can be brought to the sensor by using the device with an outstretched arm against a strong one Transmitter is directed and operated and then the arm is bent against the body. Even if the device still has the same direction, the effective signal changes due to the changed direction of the arm (as antenna). Figure 1 1 shows a further possible configuration of the device as Oscilloscope. The measurement is taken in exactly the same way as the two devices described above, preferably with the same input circuit. Only the display is expanded and allows both the capacitive coupling voltage and the capacitive coupling frequency to be displayed. In the case of an oscilloscope, the advantage of the invention is particularly evident, since the voltage value and the voltage curve are now indicated. This device is also preferably battery-powered. It is possible to e.g. to be trained as a push button switch. In this way, it is possible to temporarily convert a commercially available, highly sensitive oscilloscope to the new invention. With a built-in computer or measured value correction, the charge loss in an oscilloscope with a low leakage resistance would have to be corrected at least to a greater extent. FIG. 12 shows a test with an earthed floor mat (as an earth field capacitor). According to the known measuring methods, an earthed floor mat is a major disruptive factor. In reality, however, with the earthed floor mat and one foot covered only with a thin sock, the AC field capacitor effect almost completely eliminates the interference voltage from the body. This is particularly interesting in the many office workplaces with the well-known "cable spaghetti" for all electrical connections under the table. The grounded doormat works very well in the low-frequency range and in part of the medium frequencies. It is important for the doormat that it has an electrically highly conductive, earthed, thin covering or covering or film, which together with the skin of the sole of the foot and the thin socks results in the earth field capacitor. Under the covering, the doormat has a good thermal insulation layer or layers that ensure that no heat is dissipated via the sole of the foot. Figure 13 shows another, particularly interesting experiment. The view is very widespread that electrosmog does not affect the inside of the body. The counter evidence is easy to provide with a glass of water and the new measuring device. If you hold the water glass on the outside more or less strongly with your hand, the charge is reduced accordingly. If you hold your finger in the grounded water, the low-frequency charging of the whole body is gone. The body fluid is also electrically conductive. As in water, low-frequency vibrations occur throughout the body.

It has been shown that in many cases the measuring aid according to the invention also for extremely low-loss voltage measurement, for example. corresponding AC voltages can be used in electronic circuits. The voltage (AQ between one of the inputs and the earth contact is measured. The voltage source is thus only very slightly loaded.

The solution according to the invention can also be combined with other measuring devices or measuring principles. For example, it is conceivable that the device is designed as a combination of a device for the electrical and / or magnetic field and the capacitive coupling voltage of the body. This has the advantage that with the same device, both the area of Device compatibility (EMC) as the bioelectronic sensitivity (BES) can be checked. In the case of more complex devices, however, it is worthwhile to determine the body tension with an independent device, a pure measured value display preferably being provided in the more complex device and the measured value or the signal curve being transmitted digitally or analogously. The digital display is preferred for all versions. An analog display is also possible, especially in the area of the deepest displays, e.g. below 100m / volt. As is known in measurement technology, all measured values can also be processed or buffered via computer memory and, if necessary, printed out.

FIG. 14 shows the model of the kiapacitive coupling (low-frequency alternating field). Man is isolated from the earth. His body is coupled as an electrical conductor into the alternating space.

- The body is electrically charged and has its own field.

- The effective frequencies of the spatial field occur on and in the body.

FIG. 14a shows the model of the capacitive decoupling (low-frequency alternating field). The flat body contact (foot surface) acts as a capacitor via a thin textile layer (socks) with the earth field mat. The earthed capacitor side (earth field mat) suppresses the vibration of the alternating field of the body.

- The body has the same potential as the earth field mat.

- The body can no longer be charged.

- There is no alternating current flow between humans and the earth field mat.

FIG. 14 a shows the new method for reducing or preventing the interference effect of electrosmog or interference fields from electrical installations, auxiliary machines and apparatus, on people or animals, especially in standing, sitting and lying areas and permanent work places, Especially in textile workplaces, and is characterized in that the body can be used to capacitively couple out the alternating voltage that can be impressed on the body via the alternating field in the manner of an earth field capacitor, a flat earth field with an electrically non-conductive intermediate layer being arranged between the earth field and body skin near the body.

The device is particularly suitable for the immediate determination of local high-frequency sources of interference or radiation, and makes it easier to take the right, especially the sensible, measures. In humans it can be checked whether e.g. all low-frequency interference is switched off and only high-frequency (and which ones) are effective.

Claims

claims

1.Measuring device for measuring the undistorted alternating voltages which actually occur on the body of a person and which are caused by environmental influences, in particular by electromagnetic interference fields and waves, with the following features: a) a sensor is designed as a small-area skin contact sensor, b) this forms a functional unit which is electrically protected from external influences, with an AC voltmeter, c) a ground or earth connection.

2. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the skin contact sensor is installed or integrated directly into the AC voltage measuring device or is connected as an electrically protected functional unit to the measuring device via a measuring signal line, the contact area of the skin contact sensor preferably being smaller than a palm, preferably about as large that it can be covered with a finger and, particularly preferably, the skin contact sensor is designed as a pushbutton, a push button or a pressure film for simultaneously switching on the measuring device with the skin print, the measuring device particularly preferably having a peak value display for the AC voltage occurring on the body.

3. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a peak value display and an effective value display and preferably a computing unit for determining a ratio between peak value and effective display and preferably a device for visualization, for example. as an oscilloscope or via electronic means for storage or graphic visualization.

4. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coupling voltage and the coupling frequency or the effective frequency range of the interference field or the electromagnetic waves is determined with the same voltage measurement or direct measurement on the body, preferably the specifically effective interference frequency or a combined interference frequency e.g. the relationship between a fundamental and harmonics is determined and visualized.

5. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is designed as a hand-held measuring device, as a table or one-hand measuring device and the skin contact sensor can preferably be actuated by thumb or forefinger and the measuring device is preferably an inside of the housing has offset front plane, in which the skin contact sensor is arranged mechanically protected, the front plane particularly preferably having two front parts arranged at an obtuse angle for the skin contact sensor and the display.

6. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the input resistance (discharge resistance to earth or ground) of the measuring device is more than 20 MW, preferably more than 100 MW, very particularly preferably in the range from about 500 to 2000 MW, the measuring device is preferably designed as a hand-held measuring device for battery operation and is designed for a measuring range within 1 mV to 200 V (AQ or within 10 mV to 200 volts (AQ) and particularly preferably it has at least one further connection point for one Has earth conductor for generating a flat body earth field.

7.Procedure for determining the alternating voltage which occurs effectively on the body of a person and is caused by environmental influences, in particular by electromagnetic interference fields and waves, with the following features: a) the coupling voltage is detected directly on the human body skin by a small-area skin contact sensor, b) this is done before External influences are supplied electrically protected to an AC voltage meter and c) displayed as an AC voltage, in particular as a coupling voltage and / or as a coupling frequency.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a skin contact sensor is arranged as a finger sensor directly on the measuring device, and the AC voltage on the skin contact sensor (finger sensor) is measured by fingerprinting, the skin contact sensor preferably being designed as a switching contact and the measurement under the Switching force is carried out, the measuring device is preferably grounded for the range of the low frequency, and the body voltage or charge is measured against the earth potential, or a high-frequency base load is determined as qualitative without grounding.

9. The method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it has a range display for the rapid determination of sources of interference, in particular for distinguishing low, medium and high interference frequencies and / or for displaying the charge of the body in volt AC in relation to the effective interference frequencies in each case, the method being used for the quick determination of a strategy for reducing the interference effect and the AC voltage being reduced as far as possible via repeated control measurements of the coupling voltage of the body, in particular the low-frequency interference by measurement to earth and the high-frequency Fault can be determined independently.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a body earth field is generated, the body earth field being switched on and off by interrupting the earth connection, to determine the effectiveness of the body earth field and / or an electrical grounding device or electrical machine is applied for the suppression of the AC voltage of the human body, and the effectiveness of the grounding point is determined by the measuring device.