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WO1996038370A1 - Procede de surveillance en direct de bordures de bandes au moyen de cameras de ligne - Google Patents

Procede de surveillance en direct de bordures de bandes au moyen de cameras de ligne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996038370A1
WO1996038370A1 PCT/EP1996/002302 EP9602302W WO9638370A1 WO 1996038370 A1 WO1996038370 A1 WO 1996038370A1 EP 9602302 W EP9602302 W EP 9602302W WO 9638370 A1 WO9638370 A1 WO 9638370A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
signal
light
web
dark
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1996/002302
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg Inhelder
Original Assignee
Fms Force Measuring Systems Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fms Force Measuring Systems Ag filed Critical Fms Force Measuring Systems Ag
Priority to AU60029/96A priority Critical patent/AU6002996A/en
Publication of WO1996038370A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996038370A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/02—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely
    • B65H23/0204—Sensing transverse register of web
    • B65H23/0216—Sensing transverse register of web with an element utilising photoelectric effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for online control of web edges by means of a line camera for the detection and alignment of the lateral position of web edges and / or marking lines when processing or processing running material webs of different types, such as textiles, paper, plastic and metal foils, sorzeile form in which CCD-elements, a 'Sen ⁇ from which by means of an optical system of the Re ⁇ flexion of the course which is to be controlled web edge, to which a light source is directed imaged, and 0 which analog voltage signals for deviations trigger a correction signal from a setpoint value, by means of which an actuating signal for correcting the position of the material web is initiated.
  • a line camera for the detection and alignment of the lateral position of web edges and / or marking lines when processing or processing running material webs of different types, such as textiles, paper, plastic and metal foils, sorzeile form in which CCD-elements, a 'Sen ⁇ from which by means of an optical system of the Re ⁇ flexion of the course which
  • Geometric sizes such as bandwidth, strip edge position and 0 web thickness as well as quality features such as scratches, stains,
  • CCD elements are used as sensors, which in principle consist of a large number of light-sensitive elements arranged next to one another in a line, referred to as pixels (picture elements), such as "B S Bleche Rohre", 8/93, P. 35, column 2.
  • the relevant geo etry variables and quality features are mapped onto the sensor line with the aid of an optical system, the light entities received from the individual pixels being converted into electrical charges and, as an analog video signal, an analog / digital converter for digital processing for digital processing ⁇ be fed.
  • the digitized image data can be evaluated by a computer and, based on this, manipulated variables can be generated and fed back into the production process, where the specifically regulating or correcting tasks are carried out, as can be seen from "strips, sheets, tubes", 8 / 93, p. 36, column 1 u. 2 results.
  • Such measurement and inspection tasks for line cameras include, on the one hand, the assessment of the position of the object edges (width and position measurement), and, on the other hand, the detection of disturbances in the homogeneous brightness curve
  • Such an advanced CCD sensor can also only detect and emit a certain number of signals per unit of time.
  • an increasing number of pixels that can be generated on an image sensor is countered by a limited readout speed of 30 to 40 MHz. Therefore, with increasing number of pixels, the frame rate, which is available for evaluation per second, decreases, which is evident from "Technical Review" 44/90, p. 45, column 3, below.
  • Paths with different color densities or different material densities with different light absorption can be misinterpreted as differentiated coverage of the pixels and consequently as path deviation.
  • EP 0 555 853 makes it possible, for example, to readjust the light-sensitive sensor before starting up the system and whenever the processed material is changed, taking into account any contamination on the sensor. However, this adjustment is only possible before the first start-up, and is necessary again when the material is changed and before each start of work. Readjustment with continuously running web control is not possible with this known method because the sensor has to be reset, which is only possible when production stops.
  • This object is achieved in a method for online control of web edges by means of a line camera for capturing and aligning the lateral position of web edges and / or marking lines during the processing or processing of running material webs of different types such as textiles, paper, plastic or Metal foils, in which CCD elements form a sensor line, on which the reflection of the course of the web edge to be checked, to which a light source is directed, is imaged by means of optics and whose analog voltage signals trigger a correction signal in the event of deviations from a setpoint value which an actuating signal for correcting the position of the material web is initiated, in that
  • the analog voltage signal of the CCD line is fed to a first input of at least one comparator, at the second input of which an adjustable analog voltage threshold value is applied,
  • the invention also includes an important further development of this procedure, which consists in the fact that
  • the analog voltage signal of the CCD line is fed to the first input of three comparators arranged in parallel, at the second input of which different and independently adjustable analog voltage threshold values are applied,
  • the power of the light source is corrected by the controller via a control line.
  • This very progressive process design enables a previously unknown early detection of environmental influences changing during the running work process, and it causes a delay-free and automatic triggering of the signal changes required for correction. If there is no signal jump at the output of only one of the comparators on both sides and in particular if the middle comparator responds simultaneously, the power of the light source can also be corrected by the controller via a control line.
  • the illuminance is thus continuously optimized on the basis of the measured values of the CCD line, this optimization being carried out both when starting up and when the system is in continuous operation.
  • this procedure enables on the one hand a permanent adaptability of the system to different brightness values of the railway materials as well as changing environmental influences, such as temperature changes, incidence of ambient light, fine dust in the ambient air or sensor contamination .
  • environmental influences such as temperature changes, incidence of ambient light, fine dust in the ambient air or sensor contamination .
  • the process enables the CCD line to be optimized at any time by continuously adjusting the light source without interrupting the web travel, so that the system is largely immune to interference and reliability.
  • the invention further includes a further improvement in the reliability of web running operation with the highest level of interference immunity even at extraordinarily high web running speeds in that the correction signals of the three comparators are supplied on the one hand to a data memory and on the other hand respectively assigned comparison gates with the respective direct preceding output signal n-1 stored in short-term memories are compared and sent to a logic module which only issues a memory command to the data memory when the signal jump occurs.
  • This peculiarity enables advantageous data compression, by means of which a high dynamic of signal processing can be achieved with little hardware outlay, and which furthermore enables a real-time transfer rate on the interface between CCD line pre-evaluation and control electronics.
  • An additional, progressive embodiment of the method according to the invention can also be seen in the fact that at least two light / dark or dark / light transitions are interrogated in order to detect a marking line or an image edge applied to the material web and by means of a preliminary evaluation with the immediately preceding output signals either in the controller or in the downstream control electronics are compared and it is determined whether the line formation is valid or incorrect information due to printed marks or fonts.
  • This procedure also has the great advantage that the control on a line can be carried out much more robustly, since neither the detection area of the sensor has to be selected unnecessarily narrow nor special regulations about a required minimum distance of print marks from the line are required.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic diagram with the analog voltage values of the measuring points in the procedure according to FIGS. 2 and
  • a light source 10 is directed to a limited area on both sides of the edge 12 of a material web 11 to be checked. Light rays reflected from this area are projected through optics 13 onto a CCD line (charged coupled device) 14, the output of which is connected to a first input of a comparator Kl, which is connected at its second input by the microcontroller 15 via an 8- bit DA converter 16 receives an analog threshold value.
  • CCD line charged coupled device
  • the light rays are reflected by the partial area lying on the material web 11; From the partial area lying in the beam path of the light source 10 but next to the material web 11, no or only a few light beams (for example external light) are projected onto the CCD line 14.
  • the output of the comparator Kl is connected to the micro-controller 15, and this communicates via a serial bidirectional interface 17 and the connection 18 with control electronics (not shown in the drawing), through which, if necessary, an actuating signal for aligning the material web 11 is generated.
  • the CCD line 14 consists of a large number (for example 2048) of pixels arranged in a row transversely to the running direction of the material web 11, which form measuring points at which analog signals in the form of charge packets are generated by the incident light, and which are temporary get saved.
  • charge packets are by the clock generator 19 supplied via the shift clock line 20 shift clock of z. B. 2 MHz cyclically shifted in the manner of a shift register in the CCD line 14 until they successively leave them at their output as analog output voltage signals and are fed to the first input of the comparator K1. There they are compared with the threshold value set via the D / A converter 16.
  • the CCD line 14 thus scans the passing material web 11 line by line in its edge region and continuously delivers analog voltage signals in the shift cycle, i.e. with a shift clock of 2 MHz and 2048 measuring points or pixels on the CCD line 14, a line set of new values is available after every millisecond; the scanning is therefore carried out with a correspondingly high resolution.
  • the output signals of the CCD line 14 are digitized;
  • the further evaluation is also carried out digitally, including the interface 17 to the central evaluation device. This results in a data compression from 8 bits to 1 bit already at the comparator K 1. All recorded information will be evaluated centrally and, as will be explained further below, the sensor can be parameterized by the evaluation device for the respective application.
  • the output signals received on the CCD line 14 will be below the threshold value set on the comparator K 1 and a digital O signal will be present at the output of the comparator K 1; for the measuring points in the coverage area at which the CCD line 14 receives light rays reflected from the material web 11, the output signals obtained will reach or exceed this threshold value, and a digital 1 signal will be present at the output of the comparator K 1 and the micro- Controller 15 fed.
  • a clock counter not shown in Fig. 1, it can be determined and recorded at which clock, i.e. At which measuring point of the CCD line 14 the transition took place, which then also determines the current position of the web edge 12. If this position value deviates from the predetermined target value, a controller (not shown in the drawing) triggers an actuating signal for correcting the lateral position of the material web 11.
  • the light rays do not strike the CCD line 14 in parallel, but rather the reflected light rays, which are imaged on the CCD line 14 by the optics 13. Therefore, the transition corresponding to the web edge 12 does not take place in a single, precise charge jump from one measuring point of the CCD line to the next or from one shifting cycle to the next, but as a result of a certain light scattering, the amount of charge changes in several steps over several measuring points. It is therefore advantageous to choose a focal length of the optics 13 at which the web edge 12 in its target position corresponding to the threshold value is mapped exactly to a specific measuring point on the CCD line 14 in order to obtain an exact signal jump at the comparator K1.
  • the controller 15 changes the threshold value or the light intensity of the light source until an edge or also a marking line is found upon excitation via the interface 17. If this does not succeed, an error signal is sent via the interface 17. In the same way, for example, a shift in the voltage level of the individual CCD elements due to a temperature drift is automatically compensated for.
  • halogen lamps have proven to be well suited as light source 10 because they emit relatively good efficiency and emit white light, on the frequency range of which a CCD reacts very sensitively, and because of their sluggish reaction mode, they emit a constant one even in clocked operation Light off.
  • the power of the light source 10 is " controllable " by the controller 15 via a control line 21; if, for example, the incidence of light becomes weaker due to contamination of the optics 13, this causes a shift in the voltage level of the CCD elements; the digitally queried position of the The transition remains, however, and the level shift can be compensated for by a controlled increase in the power of the light source 10, so that the threshold value of the comparator K1 is again exactly at the
  • Fig. 1 The procedure described here according to Fig. 1 makes it possible to detect the web edge or a e.g. imprinted marking line for the web edge position control and the correction of target deviations can be carried out with great reliability and interference immunity.
  • the web edge control can fail briefly until the threshold value tracked by the controller 15, ie is newly set.
  • the power of the light source 10 can be controlled by the controller 15 via control electronics or the interface 17 by means of the control line 21: as in FIG. 1, it is directed towards the material edge to be checked. Their reflection acts on the CCD line 14 via optics (not shown) (the material web is also not shown in FIG. 2).
  • the CCD line 14 is driven by the clock generator 19 with the shift clock of preferably 2 MHz.
  • the CCD line 14 is connected to a sampling and holding device 22 which temporarily stores the analog voltage signals originating from the measuring points of the CCD line 14 and to the first input of three comparators K1, K2, which are located in parallel. K3 that over receive the D / A converter 16 at their second other input independently of each other, different threshold values continuously monitored by the controller 15.
  • the threshold value 1 which represents the target value of the lateral web edge position.
  • the threshold values 2 and 3 of the other two comparators K2 and K3 lie around a safety and display distance below or above, as can be seen from Fig. 3a.
  • the three comparators provide at their outputs a digital 0 to 1 signal for each measuring point or each pixel of the CCD line 14, depending on whether the voltage signal currently being supplied exceeds or falls below the threshold value in question.
  • the voltage signal supplied by the CCD cell 14 makes an intensity jump at the comparator inputs, which causes the comparator outputs to jump from 0 to 1 signal in quick succession; the corresponding happens with a dark / light transition in the opposite direction, i.e. at the comparator outputs, the signal jumps from 1- to 0-.
  • FIG. 3a This is shown schematically in FIG. 3a.
  • the measuring points or pixels of the CCD line 14 are plotted on the horizontal and the analog voltage values of the individual measuring points can be seen on the vertical, while the threshold values of the comparators K1, K2, K3 are indicated by 1, 2 and 3 .
  • the area a on the horizontal corresponds to the partial area of the measuring line outside the material web, the area b marks the transition at the web edge in which the comparator thresholds are successively reached, the area c corresponds to the area of coverage of the material web and the CCD Line 14.
  • 3b is that at the outputs of the comparators Kl, K2, K3 are shown when the threshold values in the transition range are reached.
  • the outputs of the comparators K1, K2, K3 are connected to a memory 23 in which the light / dark or dark / light transitions together with the position on the CCD line determined by a clock counter 24 with the aid of the shift clock 14 can be saved. It communicates with the controller 15 and this via the serial bidirectional interface 17 and the connection 18 with central control electronics.
  • the central control electronics In normal operation, only the light / dark transition at the web edge, which corresponds to the average threshold value 1 of the comparator Kl, is detected and its position is transmitted to the central control electronics, which in turn determines whether the position of the web edge corresponds to the target value ⁇ speaks and generates a control signal in the event of a deviation.
  • the two additional comparators which can be set to the upper and lower threshold values, provide the control electronics with a preview of the impending web edge transition from one direction or the other. In this way it can be avoided that due to changing reflection conditions, e.g. due to material changes, incident external light, dirt or other influences due to the resulting shift in the voltage level at the measuring points of the CCD line 14, the light / dark transition necessary for the detection of the web edge suddenly fails and accordingly the regulation is temporarily suspended.
  • one of the two outer threshold values 2 and 3 is no longer reached first, and the comparator K2 or K3 in question therefore no longer indicates a transition.
  • the control is maintained by the comparator K 1 with the average threshold value 1, and there is sufficient time to ben transition signal one of the two outer gates Kompara ⁇ K2 or K3, the threshold values by the central 'Re ⁇ gelelektronik the changed conditions readjusted accordingly.
  • the web edge control is not interrupted, but can be continued continuously.
  • the power of the light source can also be changed according to changed conditions, e.g. in the event of contamination on the optical system, be controlled before the web edge control fails.
  • changed conditions e.g. in the event of contamination on the optical system
  • the CCD line 14 continuously delivers analog signals with the frequency of the shift clock (in the example 2 MHz), which all trigger a digital 0 or 1 signal at each comparator output K 1, K 2, K 3 .
  • the information signals are pre-evaluated in the sensor. For this purpose, each digital signal coming from the comparators K1, K2, K3 is compared with the immediately preceding one.
  • Each output signal n coming from one of the comparators K1, K2, K3 is fed to one input of a comparison gate 25, at the other input of which the immediately preceding output signal n-1 of the same comparator K1, K2, K3 is present, which is stored in a short-term memory 26 was saved for the duration of the following shift cycle.
  • the senor according to the invention also allows the lateral position of a material web 11 to be controlled after an applied marking, e.g. a printed marking line or a picture edge.
  • an applied marking e.g. a printed marking line or a picture edge.
  • three transitions are recorded on comparators K1, K2, K3; this is shown schematically in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • the sensor detects two further transitions on the marking line in each scanning line, one from light to dark and one from dark to light, because in the Be ⁇ rich of the marking line, the incident light is reflected significantly less than from the rest of the surface of the material web 11.
  • a new line set of voltage signals may be available at the output of the CCD line per millisecond.
  • the control according to a marking line can preferably be parameterized in the control electronics or selected (at the push of a button).
  • the sensor according to the invention can be used universally; as explained, it can be adjusted to very different materials with very different reflection properties.
  • the use of two sensors on both sides of the material web 11 allows the position of the center of the web to be regulated.
  • the sensors can advantageously be connected to the control electronics via plug contacts, and this can be switched to right or left web edge control or web center control by pressing a button.

Landscapes

  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance en direct des bordures de bandes au moyen de caméras en ligne pour détecter et rectifier la position latérale des bords de bandes et/ou de lignes de marquage lors de la transformation ou du formage de bandes de matériaux qui défilent. Dans ce procédé, des éléments CCD, qualifiés de pixels, forment une ligne de capteurs sur laquelle un système optique permet de réfléchir le défilement des bords de bandes à contrôler vers lesquelles une source lumineuse est orientée, et leurs signaux de tension analogiques déclenchent, en cas d'écartement d'une consigne réglée, un signal de correction par lequel un signal d'erreur est envoyé pour corriger la position de la bande. Le signal de tension analogique de la ligne CCD est acheminé à une première entrée d'au moins un comparateur, à la deuxième entrée duquel un seuil de tension analogique réglable est appliqué. A la sortie du comparateur, un signal numérique 0 ou 1 est émis en fonction d'un dépassement vers le haut ou vers le bas du seuil, puis envoyé à un contrôleur par lequel, avec l'aide d'un compteur d'impulsions, la position de la transition clair/sombre ou sombre/clair du bord de la bande est relevée puis transmise sous forme de valeur réelle à un système électronique de réglage placé en aval. Enfin, en l'absence d'un saut de signal sur toute une ligne CCD, un signal de correction du contrôleur décale le seuil de la deuxième entrée du comparateur ou bien l'intensité de la source lumineuse est modifiée.
PCT/EP1996/002302 1995-05-29 1996-05-29 Procede de surveillance en direct de bordures de bandes au moyen de cameras de ligne WO1996038370A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU60029/96A AU6002996A (en) 1995-05-29 1996-05-29 On-line monitoring system for web edges by means of line cam eras

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1995119607 DE19519607A1 (de) 1995-05-29 1995-05-29 Sensor samt signalverarbeitendem Prozessor zur Erfassung der seitlichen Lage von Bahnkanten und/oder Markierungslinien bei der Ver- oder Bearbeitung von laufenden Materialbahnen
DE19519607.4 1995-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996038370A1 true WO1996038370A1 (fr) 1996-12-05

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PCT/EP1996/002302 WO1996038370A1 (fr) 1995-05-29 1996-05-29 Procede de surveillance en direct de bordures de bandes au moyen de cameras de ligne

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AU (1) AU6002996A (fr)
DE (1) DE19519607A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996038370A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6866357B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2005-03-15 Kurt Stehle Method for controlling pressure nozzles of a full-line printing head in an inkjet printer for printing digital photographic images
CN100419374C (zh) * 2005-07-01 2008-09-17 特克斯玛格销售有限公司 旋转式材料卷筒上标记的感测方法

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FI108475B (fi) * 1998-05-13 2002-01-31 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmõ paperiradan mittaamiseksi
AU6260000A (en) 1999-06-29 2001-01-22 Phoenix Ag Device for monitoring a tubular belt conveyor system
US6521905B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2003-02-18 Nexpress Solutions Llc Method and device for detecting the position of a transparent moving conveyor belt
DE10022597B4 (de) 2000-05-10 2004-10-14 Erhardt + Leimer Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Erfassen der Randkante und/oder einer Markierung einer laufenden Warenbahn
DE10136873A1 (de) * 2001-07-28 2003-02-06 Koenig & Bauer Ag Einrichtung zum Erfassen der Lage einer Kante eines Verarbeitungsgutes
DE10136874A1 (de) * 2001-07-28 2003-02-13 Koenig & Bauer Ag Einrichtung zum Erfassen der Lage einer Kante eines Verarbeitungsgutes
DE102012207286A1 (de) 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Böwe Systec Gmbh Verfahren zum einstellen zumindest einer einrichtung einer kuvertiervorrichtung und kuvertiervorrichtung
DE102015116854A1 (de) 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Manroland Web Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Bahnlage

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GB2144533A (en) * 1983-05-18 1985-03-06 Analytical Instr Ltd Image analyser
EP0268983A2 (fr) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-01 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Circuit de codage binaire
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GB2144533A (en) * 1983-05-18 1985-03-06 Analytical Instr Ltd Image analyser
EP0268983A2 (fr) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-01 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Circuit de codage binaire
EP0567762A1 (fr) * 1992-03-24 1993-11-03 Elektro-Mechanik Gmbh Dispositif pour détecter la position d'un bord d'une bande

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6866357B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2005-03-15 Kurt Stehle Method for controlling pressure nozzles of a full-line printing head in an inkjet printer for printing digital photographic images
CN100419374C (zh) * 2005-07-01 2008-09-17 特克斯玛格销售有限公司 旋转式材料卷筒上标记的感测方法

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Publication number Publication date
AU6002996A (en) 1996-12-18
DE19519607A1 (de) 1996-12-05

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