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WO1997042675A1 - Dispositif de production de chaleur et de production electrochimique de courant - Google Patents

Dispositif de production de chaleur et de production electrochimique de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997042675A1
WO1997042675A1 PCT/DE1997/000051 DE9700051W WO9742675A1 WO 1997042675 A1 WO1997042675 A1 WO 1997042675A1 DE 9700051 W DE9700051 W DE 9700051W WO 9742675 A1 WO9742675 A1 WO 9742675A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
fuel
exhaust gases
combustion
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1997/000051
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Sarholz
Walter Lehr
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1997042675A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997042675A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating heat and for electrochemical electricity generation according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Devices which use fuel cells for the combined generation of electricity and heat and which therefore have a high primary energy efficiency are already known.
  • a heat and power coupling system is, for example, the Sulzer Hexis fuel cell system, which is published, inter alia, in the specialist magazines "Gas, Wasser, Abwasser", issue 12/92, pages 883 ff. And “Gas”, issue 4/94, pages 37-40 is described.
  • Fuel cells are power generators for the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy.
  • the electrodes are the fuel for electricity production - they are converted and consumed electrochemically - fuel cells continuously supply fuel to the electrodes - gaseous fuel to the anode and oxygen or air to the cathode.
  • the oxidation of the fuel at the anode supplies electrons, while the reduction of oxygen at the cathode consumes electrons, so that a voltage builds up in accordance with the difference in the chemical potentials of the electrode environment, which - although reduced when current flows - after connection of a electrical consumer allows the delivery of electrical power.
  • SOFC oxidic solid electrolytes
  • Electrolyte salt melts e.g. Alkaline carbonates (MCFC) can be realized.
  • High temperature fuel cells are e.g. known from Dornier, Siemens, Sulzer or Westinghouse.
  • low-temperature fuel cells are known with an upstream converter for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from fuel and water at temperatures above 700 ° C.
  • Fuel cell concepts with an improved overall efficiency of over 65% are also presented in the conference report of the "First Ulmer Electrochemical Days" 1993, pages 127 ff., According to which the waste heat from SOFC fuel cells is used in a downstream gas and steam turbine process to be used for further energy generation.
  • thermoelectric, thermoionic and thermophotovoltaic conversion for power generation and their integration into existing burners are also discussed.
  • the device according to the invention with the features of the main claim, on the other hand, achieves a further improvement in the primary energy efficiency by means of coupled generation of electricity and heat.
  • the coverage of the electrical energy of a heating device is achieved and electrical energy can also be generated for other consumers.
  • a heating device for example a gas heater
  • This enables a self-sufficient operation of heating burners independent of the power grid as well as the provision of small, decentralized units for the generation of heat and electricity, for example to supply isolated locations or to improve the reliability of electrical systems.
  • Another advantage is that small leaks are irrelevant, since changes in the composition of the exhaust gases supplied to the electrodes can be easily compensated for by admixtures. Sealing problems are thus avoided and material problems, which are among the greatest difficulties in fuel cell development, are largely mitigated.
  • Fuel cells with oxidic solid electrolytes are particularly suitable: since only oxygen has to diffuse through the electrolyte, they are characterized by a high degree of flexibility with regard to the usable fuels.
  • a particular advantage is the high system flexibility with regard to the usable electrical power, which is made possible by the variable addition of fuel or air to the exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a section through a device according to the invention with SOFC fuel cell elements which are integrated in a burner with split combustion
  • FIG. 1 b shows a section through the rich flame region, perpendicular to section 1 a
  • FIG. 1c shows a distributor plate of a device according to the invention, as shown in section in FIG.
  • FIG. 2a shows a section through a further embodiment of a device according to the invention with SOFC fuel line elements which are integrated in a lean burner with fuel gas supply for the anodes and
  • FIG. 2b shows a section perpendicular to 2a.
  • a gas burner with integrated SOFC fuel cell elements and split combustion of a lean and a rich mixture is shown in FIG.
  • Lean fresh gas 2 and rich fresh gas 3 are produced separately from fuel gas and air using known mixing techniques and are introduced to the two ceramic distributor plates 4. Above the plates 4 burn a lean flame 5 and a rich flame 6, which are ignited and monitored using the usual techniques.
  • the exhaust gases of both flames flow into the fuel cell space via a cooling and distribution device 7, consisting of tubes 8 through which cooling water flows and a metallic distributor plate 9 connected to 8 in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the fuel cells 10, consisting of cathode 18 on the side facing the lean exhaust gas, anode 19 on the side facing the rich exhaust gas and intermediate Solid electrolytes are arranged side by side to achieve a large total surface so that they divide the entire gas space in the burner housing 1 into horizontally separate areas. These areas are supplied with rich or lean exhaust gas via the distributor plate 9, so that fat and lean exhaust gas always pass the anodes 19 of the fuel cells and lean exhaust gas at the cathodes 18, thus forming a voltage between the fuel cell electrodes. In the case of two adjacent elements, there are always two anodes 19 or two cathodes 18 facing each other. Via contacts 15, electrical lines 13 take off the voltage at the electrodes and conduct them to the outside via the line leadthrough 14 in the burner housing 1. Known leadthrough, insulating and contacting techniques are used.
  • the exhaust gas that has passed through the fuel cells 10 arrives in the after-reaction zone 11 and is finally directed to a heat exchanger (not shown) (12).
  • FIG. 1b illustrates the stack structure of fuel cells 10 arranged next to one another. For this purpose, a cut was made through the rich flame area.
  • Fresh gas 3 passes through the ceramic distributor plate 4, burns in this area with a rich flame 6;
  • the rich exhaust gas 17 enters the anode compartments 21 of the fuel cells 10 through the metallic distributor plate 9, which is connected in a heat-conducting manner to the cooling pipe system 8, and reacts as a fuel on the anodes 19.
  • the cathode compartments 20 are for the rich exhaust gas not accessible.
  • the subarea (not shown) with lean combustion and access to the cathode spaces 20 is constructed accordingly.
  • FIG. 1c illustrates the structure of the metallic distributor plate: it has a large number of openings 22 for the passage of the rich exhaust gas 17 and a large number of openings 23 for the passage of the lean exhaust gas 16.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, according to which only the exhaust gases from a combustion (lean combustion) are supplied to the cathode, while the anodes are supplied with pure fuel gas.
  • the spaces between the anodes 19 of two adjacent cells, ie the anode spaces 21, are closed at the top with a dense cover plate 24 and at the bottom with a cover plate 26 provided with outflow holes 27.
  • Pure fuel gas enters the anode space 21 through a lateral opening 25 in the burner housing 1 and reacts at the anodes 19 with the oxygen ions of the solid electrolyte with the release of electrons and with the formation of carbon dioxide and water.
  • any combinations of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments are possible, in particular to supply the electrodes with the exhaust gases from a rich or lean partial combustion (exemplary embodiment 1) and additionally the anode with variable proportions of fuel gas and / or the cathode with variable proportions of air.
  • Further variants are, for example, supplying pure fuel gas to the anode and a mixture of exhaust gases from lean combustion with variable proportions of air to the cathode or supplying air to the cathode and a mixture of exhaust gases from a rich combustion with pure fuel gas to the anode.
  • the composition of the operating materials can be set within wide limits, as a result of which the cell voltage can be adapted to the current consumption.
  • the proposed variable addition of fuel and / or air to the exhaust gas thus achieves high system flexibility with regard to the usable electrical power.
  • a single combustion in the vicinity of the stoichiometric point and the generation of a rich and a lean partial flow by fuel or air injection are also possible.
  • the gas burner in FIG. 1 is only given as an example; In addition to gas, oil, gasoline and other fossil or renewable fuels can also be used.
  • combustion in a flame is only to be understood as an example; it can also be replaced by flameless oxidation.
  • Flameless oxidation is achieved through very high exhaust gas recirculation proportions, but also through the use of suitable catalysts (catalytic combustion).
  • Classic precious metal catalysts based on platinum or palladium and oxidic materials such as perovskites, hexaaluminates and metal-ion-exchanged silicon-aluminum-phosphorus oxides (SAPO) can be used as catalysts. All of the alternatives mentioned provide exhaust gases that can be used to supply the electrodes of integrated or downstream fuel cells or fuel cell stacks, as is the case with combustion in flames.
  • the required temperature can be set either by a sufficiently high air ratio, by integrated cooling or by intermediate cooling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de production de chaleur et de production électrochimique de courant. Il comprend une cellule électrochimique (10) ou un empilement de cellules électrochimiques (10), intégré(e) dans un brûleur (1). Les gaz brûlés formés dans le brûleur fournissent au moins une partie des mélanges gazeux requis pour la production électrochimique de courant. Ce système permet à des brûleurs de chauffage de fonctionner indépendamment du réseau électrique. Le niveau d'énergie primaire est amélioré et les problèmes de matériaux rencontrés dans le cadre de la mise au point de cellules électrochimiques sont réglés dans une large mesure.
PCT/DE1997/000051 1996-05-07 1997-01-15 Dispositif de production de chaleur et de production electrochimique de courant WO1997042675A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19618220A DE19618220A1 (de) 1996-05-07 1996-05-07 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wärme und zur elektrochemischen Stromerzeugung
DE19618220.4 1996-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997042675A1 true WO1997042675A1 (fr) 1997-11-13

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ID=7793536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1997/000051 WO1997042675A1 (fr) 1996-05-07 1997-01-15 Dispositif de production de chaleur et de production electrochimique de courant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19618220A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997042675A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100386913C (zh) * 2003-04-08 2008-05-07 新光电气工业株式会社 燃料电池装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10006006B4 (de) * 1999-12-07 2008-12-18 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsapparat
DE102004033545B4 (de) * 2004-07-09 2006-06-14 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Brenner
DE102006027347A1 (de) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-20 Kremer, Robert SOFC-Hochtemperatur Brenner
DE102019215230A1 (de) * 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486943A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-12-30 Asea Ab Method of operating a high temperature fuel cell
US3492162A (en) * 1965-07-27 1970-01-27 Gen Electric Fuel cell and method for generating electrical energy by burning a portion of the fuel
JPS63110557A (ja) * 1986-10-27 1988-05-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体電解質燃料電池の運転方法
DE3716297A1 (de) * 1987-05-15 1988-12-15 Erich Gerking Gasheizungs-brennstoffzellen-elektrowaermeversorgung "multi-mini-kraftwaermekopplung"
EP0377151A1 (fr) * 1989-01-04 1990-07-11 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé pour la régulation automatique de la température et de la puissance d'un ou de plusieurs éléments à combustible à haute température alimentés par des hydrocarbures
EP0486911A1 (fr) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-27 Wenzel Mach Installation pour la génération d'énergie électrique
WO1994018712A1 (fr) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-18 Bossel Ulf Dr Procede et dispositif permettant de convertir l'energie chimique d'un combustible en energie thermique et simultanement directement en energie electrique
JPH0845522A (ja) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃焼システム

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492162A (en) * 1965-07-27 1970-01-27 Gen Electric Fuel cell and method for generating electrical energy by burning a portion of the fuel
US3486943A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-12-30 Asea Ab Method of operating a high temperature fuel cell
JPS63110557A (ja) * 1986-10-27 1988-05-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体電解質燃料電池の運転方法
DE3716297A1 (de) * 1987-05-15 1988-12-15 Erich Gerking Gasheizungs-brennstoffzellen-elektrowaermeversorgung "multi-mini-kraftwaermekopplung"
EP0377151A1 (fr) * 1989-01-04 1990-07-11 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé pour la régulation automatique de la température et de la puissance d'un ou de plusieurs éléments à combustible à haute température alimentés par des hydrocarbures
EP0486911A1 (fr) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-27 Wenzel Mach Installation pour la génération d'énergie électrique
WO1994018712A1 (fr) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-18 Bossel Ulf Dr Procede et dispositif permettant de convertir l'energie chimique d'un combustible en energie thermique et simultanement directement en energie electrique
JPH0845522A (ja) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃焼システム

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 355 (E - 661) 22 September 1988 (1988-09-22) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 096, no. 006 28 June 1996 (1996-06-28) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100386913C (zh) * 2003-04-08 2008-05-07 新光电气工业株式会社 燃料电池装置

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Publication number Publication date
DE19618220A1 (de) 1997-11-13

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