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WO1997016810A1 - Procede et appareil d'enseignement de l'anglais - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'enseignement de l'anglais Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997016810A1
WO1997016810A1 PCT/IL1996/000137 IL9600137W WO9716810A1 WO 1997016810 A1 WO1997016810 A1 WO 1997016810A1 IL 9600137 W IL9600137 W IL 9600137W WO 9716810 A1 WO9716810 A1 WO 9716810A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
pronunciation
sound
word
symbols
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL1996/000137
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rachel Luzann
Original Assignee
Rachel Luzann
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rachel Luzann filed Critical Rachel Luzann
Priority to AU73308/96A priority Critical patent/AU7330896A/en
Publication of WO1997016810A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997016810A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G09B19/06—Foreign languages
    • G09B19/08—Printed or written appliances, e.g. text books, bilingual letter assemblies, charts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G09B19/04—Speaking

Definitions

  • This invention relates to English pronunciation teaching systems, and more particularly to such systems which use color and symbols to indicate the correct pronunciation.
  • the five vowels, a, e, i, o and u are multi- phonetic, and in many variations produce a total of 17 sounds, resulting in many irregularities to be mastered in sound/ spelling relationships.
  • pronunciation symbols that is an enlarged alphabet with a specific sound assigned to each character thereof.
  • this is a cumbersome method when used to teach English, since each word has to be included twice, as a word pair (as written and as spoken), and the student has to refer differently to each of the two words of each pair.
  • Another method known in the art uses color to indicate the correct pronunciation, with many shades of different colors assigned to the various sounds. Such a method uses a large number of colors which are difficult to remember.
  • Still another method known in the art uses a computer with multimedia technology, including animation, video and sound.
  • This "brute force” approach requires huge amounts of memory to store all the sounds and video data and the digital links therebetween.
  • an advanced and high price computer has to be used, including a powerful processor, large memory and CD - ROM drives.
  • a method for teaching English faces the difficult task of conveying to the student the three aspects of each new word to be learned: its meaning, its spelling and its pronunciation; all performed simultaneously.
  • the aim of the present invention is to make the English language phonetic through the use of color for vowel sounds, and a few symbols. This method facilitates the teaching of English both to native English speakers and to those learning it as a foreign language Benefits of the invention:
  • a method and apparatus to display English text together with visual pronunciation clues were the clues are added only to words which have either an irregular or ambiguous pronunciation This achieves an easy to learn method.
  • the visual pronunciation clues include color or symbols or a combination thereof, with a color or symbol for each separate sound whose pronunciation it is desired to so indicate.
  • At least part of the colors are sound/color matched, that is the pronunciation of each color includes the sound it designates in the word it is attached thereto
  • at least part of the symbols are sound/symbol matched, that is the pronunciation of each symbol includes the sound it designates in the word it is attached thereto.
  • the color clue comprises, for each word which includes an irregular or ambiguous sound whose correct pronunciation it is desired to indicate therewith, the writing or display in color of that entire word. This facilitates the learning of English, in a "read at a glance” way, since complete words are in color such that there is clear indication of the pronunciation clue.
  • a color- encoding method using only ten colors to represent the vowel sounds. Using just a few colors makes it easier to remember the pronunciation of each.
  • seven out of the ten abovedetailed colors are sound/ color matched using intuitive clues, for easy assimilation.
  • a eighth aspect of the present invention only words with long vowel sounds are color - coded; the student knows that each word without pronunciation clues is to be read according to the rules. This results in a concise pronunciation representation, which does not confuse the student.
  • consonants having an alternative pronunciation have been identified, and symbols for indicating their correct pronunciation have been defined.
  • This invention covers the use of all variations in vowel sounds and all variations of consonant sounds in the English language. The few exceptions are listed for ease of memory and learned separately.
  • a method and apparatus for teaching the student to associate the colors and symbols to the specific sounds is disclosed.
  • the present invention facilitates the learning of English; it is based on the King's English pronunciation, but could be adapted for American English, or other pronunciations
  • Fig. 1 is a description of the method used to encode the pronunciation of vowels (long sounds) .
  • Fig. 2 is a description of the method used to encode the pronunciation of vowels (short sounds)
  • Fig. 3 is a description of the method used to encode the pronunciation of consonants.
  • Fig. 4 details an apparatus for teaching the color- pronunciation encoding method and for preparing the encoded text
  • part of the words are printed in color (color not shown) to designate the proper pronunciation; for example, the word “All” 21 is pink, and the word “clothes” 41 is mauve
  • an apparatus and method for facilitating the teaching of English pronunciation, using colors and special symbols Use of words printed in color teaches simultaneously how to write and pronounce each new word, since the words are written in regular English, and the color is added as a clue to pronunciation.
  • the present method and apparatus are used to display English text together with visual pronunciation clues
  • the clues are added only to words which have either an irregular or ambiguous pronunciation
  • This method implements "guidance by exception” , giving help only where it is really needed, that is where the rules and phonetic/printed clues are ineffective. It gives the user a phonetic key to reading the words in English he/ she knows
  • the seventeen vowel sounds in the English language are divided into three groups: Short sounds, long sounds and diphthongs. 1 . Short sounds 2. Long sounds
  • the visual clues include color coding, a color for each separate sound whose pronunciation it is desired to so indicate.
  • the sounds for long vowels and diphthongs may be encoded using colors as detailed above, wherein the asterisk * indicates that these pairs are sound/ color matched, i.e. the pronunciation of the color includes the sound which the color designates.
  • the words 21 , 22, 23 are printed in pink (color not shown), to indicate the pronunciation of that long sound, as detailed above; similarly, the words 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 are in blue; the words 41 , 42 are mauve; the words 51 , 52 are turquoise; the letters 61 , 62, 63, 64 are hollow with a white inside; and the word 71 is gray.
  • the whole word is printed in color to indicate the pronunciation of an irregular long sound or diphthong. This provides a clue which is easy to see, for "read at a glance" or fast reading indication of pronunciation.
  • the English pronunciation is ambiguous.
  • the following short sentence includes six variations of the vowel sound e:
  • symbols in the present invention are used to eliminate guesswork when pronouncing short vowels with irregular spelling.
  • the present method uses symbols which are associated with specific sounds. Sound Keyword/ symbol Example
  • the method uses symbols which are readily associated with the vowel sounds, for ease of memorizing.
  • encoding methods can be used; for example, the same color (not shown) may be used to indicate a specific sound for both cases, for either a short vowel or a long vowel. The student is presumed to know that the sound is short or long, and only needs the clue as to the specific sound to be used.
  • sound/color and/or symbol/sound matched pairs may be used, still according to the method and approach detailed above.
  • sound/color matching may include other clues which the user may use to attach a specific sound to each color in use.
  • a common color or symbol may be used as a warning sign, to indicate that the pronunciation of that word is either irregular or ambiguous. The student should then find by other means the correct pronunciation for that word. It is possible to provide visual color clues not by printing the word in color, but by using a color line (not shown) above or below or otherwise near the word in question. This allows for printing the words all in the same color, that is usually black.
  • Fig. 2 (a) describes the symbols used in this method to encode the pronunciation of vowels (short sounds).
  • Fig. 2 (b) illustrates the use of symbols to indicate pronunciation for the sentence:
  • Fig. 3 details the method used to encode the pronunciation of consonants, according to the following description.
  • Silent consonants are underlined 2, 3 in the same way as unstressed vowels, e.g. island, numb. 2.
  • the GH is always silent and therefore not underlined. The seven exceptions where GH is pronounced "f" - cough, laugh, draught, rough, trough, enough, must be learned as exceptions.
  • Soft "s” as in rose - a line 7 above the s b.
  • Soft "th” as in those - a line 8 above the th c.
  • Soft "g” as in barge - a line 9 above the g d.
  • Soft "x” as in example - a line above the x e.
  • Soft "j” whatever the spelling - bracketed 10 , e.g. mea(s)ure, a(z)ure, conclusion, gara(g)e
  • a common color or symbol may be used as a warning sign, to indicate that the pronunciation of that word is either irregular or ambiguous. The student should then find by other means the correct pronunciation for that word.
  • colors may be used to indicate the correct pronunciation of the consonants as well.
  • the present invention includes a thorough and systematic method for indicating the pronunciation of all the majority of the words in English, with only a few exceptions.
  • only part of the pronunciation clues may be presented, for example for advanced students or where simplicity is preferred to completeness.
  • the present invention requires a minimal effort by the student, and the overall pronunciation presentation is kept simple and clear.
  • Words having irregular or ambiguous pronunciation are color- coded; the student knows that each word without pronunciation clues is to be read according to the rules.
  • the present invention results in a concise audiovisual sound/color/word association which does not confuse the student.
  • the method for preparing a symbol / sound pronunciation encoding table includes the following steps:
  • a) Prepare a list (List A) with all the words in English having irregular or ambiguous pronunciation; b) Prepare a table (Table T) of all the letters or letter groups in the words in List A, which have irregular or ambiguous pronunciation, and their corresponding pronunciation sound or sounds; c) Count the occurrence of each pair of letter or letter group and its corresponding pronunciation; identify those pairs which occur just a few times, then eliminate them from List A and Table T and transfer them to an exceptions list, List B; d) Prepare a table (Table S) of symbols to represent each of the sounds or sound groups in Table T, the symbols including figures and / or colors whose pronunciation includes, as far as possible, the sounds which they represent, or being intuitively related to these sounds.
  • An alternate method for preparing List A, Table T and Table S is to use a manual method for scanning the words in the English language and adapting each word to the present method, as illustrated above by way of example.
  • the method for adding symbols indicating the sound/ pronunciation to a printed text includes the following steps:
  • Fig. 4 details an apparatus for teaching the color- pronunciation encoding method and for preparing the encoded text.
  • Computer 91 includes a digital memory 913, like a solid state memory and/ or a magnetic memory (diskettes or hard disk), a processor (not shown) and related logic and timing (not shown); analog- to- digital converter 91 1 converts analog signals from microphone 94 to digital signals which can be analyzed in the processor and stored in memory 913.
  • memory 913 stores signals representative of sounds; upon request, these or related signals can be transferred to digital- to- analog converter 912 to be converted to analog signals, which are applied to loudspeaker 96 to generate sounds as desired.
  • Alphanumeric input device 92 may be implemented using a keyboard, and graphic input device 93 may be a mouse or digitizer.
  • Color display 95 may be a VGA or super-VGA or a similar display device capable of displaying alphanumeric characters and graphics, all in color.
  • a text is entered using the keyboard 92 or other computer input means; the data is stored in memory 913.
  • the operator uses the microphone 94 to enter the required pronunciation for selected words, the words being chosen as per method detailed above.
  • the pronunciation sounds, in digital words form, are stored in memory 913 as well.
  • the operator Using the keyboard 92 and the graphic input device 93, the operator indicates the links, or relationships, between the chosen words and their pronunciation, which links are also stored in memory 913.
  • Computer 91 may be implemented using a personal computer, or a special purpose computer; in the former case, a system including all the components as detailed in Fig. 4 can be used both to prepare the encoded text (text including pronunciation symbols) and for training the student in this method; in the latter case, a system including all the abovedetailed components can be used to prepare the encoded text, and a smaller, lower cost system can be used for student training, the lower cost system not to include the microphone 94 and the analog-to-digital converter 91 1 .
  • computer 91 presents on display 95 a text with pronunciation symbols as detailed in Figs. 1 , 2, or 3; loudspeaker 96 "reads" the text, using sound data in memory 913, as detailed above.
  • the student can hear the pronunciation of the whole text, or of specific words; in the latter case, computer 91 may change the display to present more words in context together with their spelling, to adapt the presented material to the student's pace.
  • the present invention facilitates the learning of English, using one of several dialects, since the letter- sound table can represent any dialect desired.
  • a video tape can be used to teach the method of sound/symbol linkage.
  • Other audiovisual means can be used as well.
  • the computer has the advantage of adapting to the student's pace.
  • a printed text can be used to further enrich the student's vocabulary.
  • the text is prepared using the present method, to include pronunciation symbols.
  • One method to prepare the text is to prepare the computer files including the text and the pronunciation symbols, and to transfer these files to a printer with color/ graphics printing capability, like a color laser printer.
  • the resulting text can be included in a book or similar means for English teaching.
  • the abovedetailed method by using symbols added to the printed text, can concurrently convey the meaning of each word, its spelling and its pronunciation, using a simple, intuitive, easy to learn method.
  • the symbols to indicate vowel and consonant pronunciation can consist of colors only or of figures only. Colors can be used for whole words or parts thereof, for example to indicate specific sounds. The letters may be black, with color used for the background. Figures may be added before the word they describe, below or above the said word.
  • the same colors can be used for the short and the long sounds, with an additional clue to indicate short / long sound, like the width of the letters or background.
  • the color/sound and/or symbol/sound association detailed in the present invention can be used to create a "pronunciation dictionary" as an addition to existing computer programs, in the same way as one finds spelling and thesaurus additions.
  • this dictionary may be added to word processing programs or to graphic software packages.
  • the present invention is flexible, that is it is adaptable to various dialects of English, by adapting the color/sound and/or symbol/sound pairs to the desired dialect.
  • the display of text with visual pronunciation clues may include presentation to the user, either as printed medium ("hard copy”) or an electronic display (“soft copy”), for example a computer display.
  • the above method may be used for teaching English by simultaneously conveying to the student the meaning of each word, its spelling and its pronunciation.
  • This method includes (not shown) the text with visual pronunciation clues, together with means for indicating the meaning of the words to the user.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil utilisés pour enseigner l'anglais, à l'aide de couleurs et de quelques symboles pour indiquer la prononciation correcte. Un texte anglais est affiché avec des indications visuelles de prononciation, lesdites indications n'étant ajoutées qu'aux mots qui ont une prononciation soit irrégulière, soit ambiguë, afin d'obtenir une méthode permettant un apprentissage facile. Les indications visuelles de prononciation comportent des couleurs ou des symboles ou une combinaison des deux, avec une couleur ou un symbole pour chaque son séparé dont il est souhaitable d'indiquer ainsi la prononciation. Au moins une partie des couleurs sont appariées à des sons. Au moins une partie des symboles sont appariés à des sons. Les indications de couleur comprennent l'écriture en couleur du mot tout entier. Le procédé de codage couleur fait appel à seulement dix couleurs pour représenter les sons des voyelles. Un procédé et un appareil permettant d'apprendre aux étudiants à associer les couleurs et les symboles aux sons spécifiques sont également décrits.
PCT/IL1996/000137 1995-10-31 1996-10-31 Procede et appareil d'enseignement de l'anglais WO1997016810A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU73308/96A AU7330896A (en) 1995-10-31 1996-10-31 Method and apparatus for teaching english

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL11592895 1995-10-31
IL115928 1995-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997016810A1 true WO1997016810A1 (fr) 1997-05-09

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2130202C1 (ru) * 1998-05-25 1999-05-10 Куликов Евгений Иванович Способ быстрого запоминания текста
WO2003088183A1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Woodroffe, Colin, John Methode d'enseignement
US6639139B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2003-10-28 Richard Muller Color-coded melody text and method of teaching
EP1733368A4 (fr) * 2004-02-25 2010-03-31 Curtir Holdings Pty Ltd Systeme de codage de la prononciation de lettres de l'alphabet
TWI464711B (fr) * 2012-05-29 2014-12-11

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1428456A (en) * 1921-05-02 1922-09-05 Stranders Walter Educational apparatus
US3715812A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-02-13 L Novak Color coded pronunciation symbol system
US4115932A (en) * 1977-07-15 1978-09-26 Rita Charlesworth Phonetics system and method of teaching phonetics
US4299577A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-11-10 Marryman Milisande L Linguistically coded alphabet characters
US4650423A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-03-17 Robert Sprague Method of teaching and transcribing of language through the use of a periodic code of language elements
US4713008A (en) * 1986-09-09 1987-12-15 Stocker Elizabeth M Method and means for teaching a set of sound symbols through the unique device of phonetic phenomena
US5108113A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-04-28 Leach Leonora M Phonics card game
US5167504A (en) * 1991-09-20 1992-12-01 Mann Harold J Bilingual dictionary
US5197883A (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-03-30 Johnston Louise D Sound-coded reading

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1428456A (en) * 1921-05-02 1922-09-05 Stranders Walter Educational apparatus
US3715812A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-02-13 L Novak Color coded pronunciation symbol system
US4115932A (en) * 1977-07-15 1978-09-26 Rita Charlesworth Phonetics system and method of teaching phonetics
US4299577A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-11-10 Marryman Milisande L Linguistically coded alphabet characters
US4650423A (en) * 1984-10-24 1987-03-17 Robert Sprague Method of teaching and transcribing of language through the use of a periodic code of language elements
US4713008A (en) * 1986-09-09 1987-12-15 Stocker Elizabeth M Method and means for teaching a set of sound symbols through the unique device of phonetic phenomena
US5108113A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-04-28 Leach Leonora M Phonics card game
US5167504A (en) * 1991-09-20 1992-12-01 Mann Harold J Bilingual dictionary
US5197883A (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-03-30 Johnston Louise D Sound-coded reading

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2130202C1 (ru) * 1998-05-25 1999-05-10 Куликов Евгений Иванович Способ быстрого запоминания текста
US6639139B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2003-10-28 Richard Muller Color-coded melody text and method of teaching
WO2003088183A1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Woodroffe, Colin, John Methode d'enseignement
EP1733368A4 (fr) * 2004-02-25 2010-03-31 Curtir Holdings Pty Ltd Systeme de codage de la prononciation de lettres de l'alphabet
TWI464711B (fr) * 2012-05-29 2014-12-11

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7330896A (en) 1997-05-22

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