WO1997018855A1 - Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs - Google Patents
Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997018855A1 WO1997018855A1 PCT/EP1996/005086 EP9605086W WO9718855A1 WO 1997018855 A1 WO1997018855 A1 WO 1997018855A1 EP 9605086 W EP9605086 W EP 9605086W WO 9718855 A1 WO9718855 A1 WO 9718855A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drug
- compound
- electrode
- substance
- interest
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 122
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 anthel intics Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003254 palate Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940034982 antineoplastic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940123907 Disease modifying antirheumatic drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000219 Sympatholytic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000150 Sympathomimetic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000674 adrenergic antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124325 anabolic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001195 anabolic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001088 anti-asthma Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000879 anti-atherosclerotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003474 anti-emetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000118 anti-neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000883 anti-obesity agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000842 anti-protozoal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003356 anti-rheumatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000924 antiasthmatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000729 antidote Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075522 antidotes Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002111 antiemetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125683 antiemetic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940030225 antihemorrhagics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002220 antihypertensive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940030600 antihypertensive agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002282 antimigraine agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125684 antimigraine agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002579 antinauseant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125710 antiobesity agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000939 antiparkinson agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125688 antiparkinson agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940036589 antiprotozoals Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005529 antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003435 antirheumatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003920 antivertigo agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121357 antivirals Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002948 appetite stimulant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940029995 appetite stimulants Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001212 bacterial vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093797 bioflavonoids Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000480 calcium channel blocker Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940097286 capillary stabilizing agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039231 contrast media Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000913 crospovidone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000824 cytostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001085 cytostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940054244 gangliosides and ganglioside derivative Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002874 hemostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003667 hormone antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003326 hypnotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001438 immunostimulant agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003022 immunostimulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035363 muscle relaxants Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003158 myorelaxant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002276 neurotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002664 nootropic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001777 nootropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002337 osmotic diuretic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002445 parasympatholytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000734 parasympathomimetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001499 parasympathomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005542 parasympathomimetics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003368 psychostimulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003169 respiratory stimulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940066293 respiratory stimulants Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125723 sedative agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000050 smooth muscle relaxant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000948 sympatholitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001975 sympathomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940064707 sympathomimetics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002666 vasoprotective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940030608 vasoprotectives Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004854 viral vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- IMBXEJJVJRTNOW-XYMSELFBSA-N methylprednisolone succinate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 IMBXEJJVJRTNOW-XYMSELFBSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 229950009831 methylprednisolone succinate Drugs 0.000 description 55
- FQISKWAFAHGMGT-SGJOWKDISA-M Methylprednisolone sodium succinate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC([O-])=O)CC[C@H]21 FQISKWAFAHGMGT-SGJOWKDISA-M 0.000 description 38
- 229960004584 methylprednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 36
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 35
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 35
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 33
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 33
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000001983 hard palate Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 12
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 201000000615 hard palate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000001652 frontal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000003715 limbic system Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000001595 mastoid Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000001328 optic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000001584 soft palate Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000003478 temporal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000002197 limbic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000001944 turbinate Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001144 hymen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000003111 iliac vein Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001909 alveolar process Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004727 amygdala Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002255 anal canal Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001638 cerebellum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001031 ethmoid bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030136 gastric emptying Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001989 nasopharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004876 tela submucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 3
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHRSUDSXCMQTMA-PJHHCJLFSA-N 6alpha-methylprednisolone Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)=CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]21 VHRSUDSXCMQTMA-PJHHCJLFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000304886 Bacilli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010027603 Migraine headaches Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000025747 Rheumatic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009056 active transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003872 anastomosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003403 autonomic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001142 back Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000711 cavernous sinus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004720 cerebrum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003756 cervix mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002996 emotional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002518 glial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004326 gyrus cinguli Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003780 hair follicle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002751 lymph Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001926 lymphatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004249 mesenteric artery inferior Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002850 nasal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001423 neocortical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000956 olfactory bulb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000196 olfactory nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002475 olfactory pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004197 pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentobarbital Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000013415 peroxidase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000003800 pharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004258 portal system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001732 sebaceous gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002739 subcortical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001927 transneuronal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000685 uterine artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N (+)-Pilocarpine Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@@H](CC)[C@H]1CC1=CN=CN1C QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGBLISDIHDMHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butan-1-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=CC=CC=C1N1CC[NH+](CCCC(=O)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)CC1 UGBLISDIHDMHJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOTMYNBWXDUBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-2-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C12 UOTMYNBWXDUBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006784 Burning sensation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006811 Bursitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014912 Central Nervous System Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clonidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1 GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000011275 Epicondylitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010053155 Epigastric discomfort Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010016948 Food interaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010268 HPLC based assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000862 Ion Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000899717 Itaya Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001313288 Labia Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003939 Membrane transport proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000301 Membrane transport proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010358 Myositis Ossificans Diseases 0.000 description 1
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010031256 Osteomyelitis chronic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034464 Periarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006735 Periostitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piracetam Chemical compound NC(=O)CN1CCCC1=O GMZVRMREEHBGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000285536 Natural products C1OC(=O)C(CC)C1CC1=CN=CN1C QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002825 Solanum vestissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018259 Solanum vestissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000033039 Somatisation disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027520 Somatoform disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070863 Toxicity to various agents Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010004977 Vasopressins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002852 Vasopressins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003740 anterior thalamic nuclei Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124339 anthelmintic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000921 anthelmintic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N argipressin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N1)=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004500 asepsis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037424 autonomic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940125717 barbiturate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001601 blood-air barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005098 blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004190 broad ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001043 capillary endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000269 carotid artery external Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002987 choroid plexus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940021231 clearskin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002896 clonidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124301 concurrent medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000795 conjunctiva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001619 diaphragma pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001193 diclofenac sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004177 elastic tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007831 electrophysiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002001 electrophysiology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003372 endocrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004954 endothelial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N enflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)Cl JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000305 enflurane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000647 epithalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl citrate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004207 fentanyl citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003527 fibrinolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- IRYFCWPNDIUQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluanisone Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N1CCN(CCCC(=O)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)CC1 IRYFCWPNDIUQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005220 fluanisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000574 ganglionic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001156 gastric mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003736 gastrointestinal content Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005095 gastrointestinal system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003823 hyoid bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000819 hypertonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021223 hypertonic solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000194 hypogastric plexus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003090 iliac artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008991 intestinal motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000002551 irritable bowel syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002690 local anesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002793 maxillary artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001073 mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009061 membrane transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006984 memory degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023060 memory loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002418 meninge Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009245 menopause Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002175 menstrual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005906 menstruation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004630 mental health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001363 mesenteric artery superior Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001758 mesenteric vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001537 mesocolon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006510 metastatic growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002025 microglial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004088 microvessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000258 minor salivary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003152 motion sickness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000537 nasal bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000492 nasalseptum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011587 new zealand white rabbit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001706 olfactory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003977 optic chiasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004413 optic chiasma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003300 oropharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003207 papaverine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003903 pelvic floor Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001412 pentobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003668 pericyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003460 periosteum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003200 peritoneal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004303 peritoneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003067 perivascular macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001416 pilocarpine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008884 pinocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004526 piracetam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001817 pituitary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003456 pulmonary alveoli Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001404 quinidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N scopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007391 self-medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001625 seminal vesicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002186 septum of brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010153 skin papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000245 skin permeability Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000019116 sleep disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,6-dichloro-n-phenylaniline;acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O.ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940087854 solu-medrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016994 somatization disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003863 superior colliculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001587 telencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001103 thalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013271 transdermal drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001635 urinary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002396 uvula Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003726 vasopressin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000028973 vesicle-mediated transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010653 vesiculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009278 visceral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
- A61N1/303—Constructional details
- A61N1/306—Arrangements where at least part of the apparatus is introduced into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
- A61N1/303—Constructional details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/06—Head
- A61M2210/0618—Nose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
- A61N1/0432—Anode and cathode
Definitions
- the degree of dissolution and subsequent ionization can be improved and regulated by means of the addition of suitable electrolytes forming buffer systems in the selected polar solvent or mixtures thereof .
- Absorption is usually more rapid and more predictable than when a drug is given by mouth.
- parenteral administration is particularly serviceable. If a patient is unconscious, uncooperative, or unable to retain anything given by mouth, parenteral therapy may become a necessity.
- the injection of drugs also has its disadvantages. Strict asepsis must be maintained to avoid infection, an intravascular injection may occur when it is not intended, pain may accompany the injection, and it is often difficult for a patient to perform the injection himself if self-medication is a necessary procedure. Parenteral therapy is also more expensive and less safe than oral medication. Oral Ingestion. The rate of absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract is generally proportional to the lipid solubility of the compound in question.
- the hymen is a delicate incomplete membrane guarding the entrance to the vagina prior to maturity and sexual experience. It has one or more apertures to allow the outflow of menstrual blood and, according to their number and shape, is described as being annular, crescentic, septate or cribriform. If no other way for the introduction of medication is possible and it has to be done more than once, then an incision has to be made in the hymen so that electrodes can be easily introduced into the vagina.
- the container matrix can be cross-linked with the drug components in place such as a silastic matrix, or the polymers can be prefabricated and sorbed with the components from solutions, for example with sponges or pads made of cellulose or woven fibre.
- the container may also consist of a gel matrix structure, or be of a classical reservoir type holding a liquid.
- the polymers can be either of linear or cross-linked type.
- the container may be a polymeric matrix structure formed by mixing the selected drug, solvent, electrolyte, or other component (s) with an inert polymer by means of melt blending, solvent casting, compression or extrusion.
- the delivery of said active compound is enhanced transnasally to the CNS from the nostril by passing the BBB by using a current intensity of up to 10 mA between an active electrode introduced into at least one nostril, and a passive electrode fixed on the back of the head or another place of the head.
- the column was a Spherisorb 50DS
- Braintissue Two ml of distilled water was added to 1 gram of brain tissue. The mixture was homogenized in an ultratorax apparatus (Ystral, Dottingen, Germany) at 10,000 rpm during 30 seconds. The homogenate was centrifuged at 3000 g during 5 min and further treated like plasma.
- Fig. 2 shows the results obtained with rabbit Nr. 1 graphically.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96939840A EP0869829A1 (fr) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs |
JP9519384A JP2000500999A (ja) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | 生体に対する生物学的活性物質および化合物の増進放出用デバイス |
US09/077,123 US6678553B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
AU76932/96A AU7693296A (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
US09/197,133 US6410046B1 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1998-11-20 | Administering pharmaceuticals to the mammalian central nervous system |
US10/050,183 US6913763B2 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 2002-01-18 | Method and device for enhanced delivery of a biologically active agent through the spinal spaces into the central nervous system of a mammal |
US10/051,817 US7033598B2 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 2002-01-18 | Methods and apparatus for enhanced and controlled delivery of a biologically active agent into the central nervous system of a mammal |
US10/393,254 US7200432B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 2003-03-21 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
US10/687,816 US7593770B2 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 2003-10-20 | Method and device for enhanced delivery of a biologically active agent through the spinal spaces into the central nervous system of a mammal |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95203173.0 | 1995-11-21 | ||
EP95203173 | 1995-11-21 | ||
EP95203601.0 | 1995-12-22 | ||
EP95203601 | 1995-12-22 | ||
EP96200081.6 | 1996-01-22 | ||
EP96200081 | 1996-01-22 | ||
EP96200082.4 | 1996-01-22 |
Related Child Applications (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/077,123 Continuation-In-Part US6678553B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
US09/077,123 A-371-Of-International US6678553B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
US09/077,123 Continuation US6678553B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
US09077123 A-371-Of-International | 1996-11-19 | ||
US09/197,133 Continuation US6410046B1 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1998-11-20 | Administering pharmaceuticals to the mammalian central nervous system |
US09/197,133 Continuation-In-Part US6410046B1 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1998-11-20 | Administering pharmaceuticals to the mammalian central nervous system |
US10/393,254 Division US7200432B2 (en) | 1995-11-21 | 2003-03-21 | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997018855A1 true WO1997018855A1 (fr) | 1997-05-29 |
Family
ID=27236764
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1996/005086 WO1997018855A1 (fr) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-19 | Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO1997018855A1 (fr) |
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2323791A (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-07 | Johann Zimmermann | Electromagnetic pen for skin treatment |
JP2002511385A (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 2002-04-16 | ニューララブ リミテッド | アルツハイマー病におけるβ−アミロイド関連変化を抑制する方法 |
GB2374018A (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-10-09 | Gendel Ltd | Ultrasound therapy |
WO2003087368A3 (fr) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-04-29 | Lynkeus Bio Tech Gmbh | Moyens et procedes pour la modulation specifique de genes cibles dans le snc et l'oeil, et procedes pour leur identification |
EP1011698A4 (fr) * | 1997-09-09 | 2004-05-12 | Univ Western Australia | Supplement osseux chimique |
US6821274B2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2004-11-23 | Gendel Ltd. | Ultrasound therapy for selective cell ablation |
US7033598B2 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2006-04-25 | Intrabrain International N.V. | Methods and apparatus for enhanced and controlled delivery of a biologically active agent into the central nervous system of a mammal |
US7120489B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2006-10-10 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for stimulating the sphenopalatine ganglion to modify properties of the BBB and cerebral blood flow |
US7146209B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2006-12-05 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Stimulation for treating eye pathologies |
ES2267333A1 (es) * | 2004-01-27 | 2007-03-01 | Universidad De Sevilla | Dispositivo para la administracion de sustancias, estimulacion y registro "daser". |
US7252655B2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2007-08-07 | Iomed, Inc. | Ocular iontophoretic apparatus handle |
US7481781B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2009-01-27 | Gendel Limited | Ultrasound therapy |
US7636597B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2009-12-22 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Surgical tools and techniques for stimulation |
US7640062B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Methods and systems for management of alzheimer's disease |
US7700751B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2010-04-20 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized antibodies that recognize β-amyloid peptide |
US7790856B2 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2010-09-07 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US7799337B2 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2010-09-21 | Levin Bruce H | Method for directed intranasal administration of a composition |
US7964192B1 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2011-06-21 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidgenic disease |
US8003097B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2011-08-23 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy |
US8034339B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2011-10-11 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
US8128928B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2012-03-06 | Wyeth Llc | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US8267851B1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2012-09-18 | James M Kroll | Method and apparatus for electrically generating signal for inducing lucid dreaming |
US8470792B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2013-06-25 | Opko Pharmaceuticals, Llc. | Compositions and methods for selective inhibition of VEGF |
US8541384B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2013-09-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for siRNA inhibition of angiogenesis |
WO2013157937A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-24 | Lerner Eduard N | Dispositif d'administration intercérébrale améliorée de multiples substances biologiquement actives |
US8613920B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2013-12-24 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases |
US8784810B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 | 2014-07-22 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases |
US8916165B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2014-12-23 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized Aβ antibodies for use in improving cognition |
US8954149B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2015-02-10 | Brainsgate Ltd. | External stimulation of the SPG |
US8958881B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2015-02-17 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Neuroprotective electrical stimulation |
US9044542B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-06-02 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | Imaging-guided anesthesia injection systems and methods |
US9051363B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2015-06-09 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US9067981B1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2015-06-30 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Hybrid amyloid-beta antibodies |
US9067015B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-06-30 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | System for injecting fluids in a subject |
US9233245B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2016-01-12 | Brainsgate Ltd. | SPG stimulation |
US9398894B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2016-07-26 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | Removable cassette for articular injection system |
US9644025B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2017-05-09 | Wyeth Llc | Immunotherapy regimes dependent on ApoE status |
US9675796B2 (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2017-06-13 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator |
US10271907B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2019-04-30 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR328311A (fr) * | 1903-01-06 | 1903-07-09 | J J Stanger | Appareil électrique hygiénique |
US3122137A (en) * | 1961-10-30 | 1964-02-25 | Erlanger Gustav | Device for facilitating iontophoresis treatment of eyes |
US3831598A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1974-08-27 | I Tice | Sterile anesthetic instruments |
SU992075A1 (ru) * | 1981-02-04 | 1983-01-30 | Львовский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Туберкулеза | Устройство дл электрофореза лекарственных веществ |
EP0378132A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-18 | S.L. Cit Ionofor | Dispositif d'administration de médicaments par ionophorèse pour un traitement local ou régional |
WO1991016945A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-11-14 | Feiring Andrew J | Appareil et procede induisant la penetration d'un medicament dans des tissus internes |
EP0470338A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-12 | Empi, Inc. | Electrode pour iontophorèse avec un réservoir et un site d'injection |
EP0498353A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-08-12 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Dispositif et méthode pour renouveler les électrodes en cours d'ionophorése |
US5169384A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1992-12-08 | Bosniak Stephen L | Apparatus for facilitating post-traumatic, post-surgical, and/or post-inflammatory healing of tissue |
WO1994005361A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-03-17 | Cortrak Medical, Inc. | Appareil a matrice polymere d'administration de medicament et procede |
US5298017A (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1994-03-29 | Alza Corporation | Layered electrotransport drug delivery system |
-
1996
- 1996-11-19 WO PCT/EP1996/005086 patent/WO1997018855A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR328311A (fr) * | 1903-01-06 | 1903-07-09 | J J Stanger | Appareil électrique hygiénique |
US3122137A (en) * | 1961-10-30 | 1964-02-25 | Erlanger Gustav | Device for facilitating iontophoresis treatment of eyes |
US3831598A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1974-08-27 | I Tice | Sterile anesthetic instruments |
SU992075A1 (ru) * | 1981-02-04 | 1983-01-30 | Львовский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Туберкулеза | Устройство дл электрофореза лекарственных веществ |
EP0378132A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-18 | S.L. Cit Ionofor | Dispositif d'administration de médicaments par ionophorèse pour un traitement local ou régional |
WO1991016945A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-11-14 | Feiring Andrew J | Appareil et procede induisant la penetration d'un medicament dans des tissus internes |
EP0470338A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-02-12 | Empi, Inc. | Electrode pour iontophorèse avec un réservoir et un site d'injection |
EP0498353A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-08 | 1992-08-12 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Dispositif et méthode pour renouveler les électrodes en cours d'ionophorése |
US5169384A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1992-12-08 | Bosniak Stephen L | Apparatus for facilitating post-traumatic, post-surgical, and/or post-inflammatory healing of tissue |
WO1994005361A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-03-17 | Cortrak Medical, Inc. | Appareil a matrice polymere d'administration de medicament et procede |
US5298017A (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1994-03-29 | Alza Corporation | Layered electrotransport drug delivery system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8416, Derwent World Patents Index; Class B07, AN 84-098813, XP002004807 * |
Cited By (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7033598B2 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2006-04-25 | Intrabrain International N.V. | Methods and apparatus for enhanced and controlled delivery of a biologically active agent into the central nervous system of a mammal |
GB2323791B (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1999-09-01 | Johann Zimmermann | Electromagnetic pen |
GB2323791A (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-07 | Johann Zimmermann | Electromagnetic pen for skin treatment |
US7799337B2 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2010-09-21 | Levin Bruce H | Method for directed intranasal administration of a composition |
EP1011698A4 (fr) * | 1997-09-09 | 2004-05-12 | Univ Western Australia | Supplement osseux chimique |
US9051363B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2015-06-09 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US8535673B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2013-09-17 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
US8034348B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2011-10-11 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
US8642044B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2014-02-04 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
US8034339B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2011-10-11 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
US7964192B1 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2011-06-21 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Prevention and treatment of amyloidgenic disease |
JP2002511385A (ja) * | 1997-12-03 | 2002-04-16 | ニューララブ リミテッド | アルツハイマー病におけるβ−アミロイド関連変化を抑制する方法 |
US7790856B2 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2010-09-07 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US7252655B2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2007-08-07 | Iomed, Inc. | Ocular iontophoretic apparatus handle |
US7190998B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2007-03-13 | Braingate Ltd. | Method and apparatus for stimulating the sphenopalatine ganglion to modify properties of the BBB and cerbral blood flow |
US7146209B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2006-12-05 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Stimulation for treating eye pathologies |
US7120489B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2006-10-10 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for stimulating the sphenopalatine ganglion to modify properties of the BBB and cerebral blood flow |
US7640062B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Methods and systems for management of alzheimer's disease |
US7481781B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2009-01-27 | Gendel Limited | Ultrasound therapy |
GB2374018A (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-10-09 | Gendel Ltd | Ultrasound therapy |
GB2374018B (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-11-19 | Gendel Ltd | Ultrasound therapy |
US7700751B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2010-04-20 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized antibodies that recognize β-amyloid peptide |
US6821274B2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2004-11-23 | Gendel Ltd. | Ultrasound therapy for selective cell ablation |
US8128928B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2012-03-06 | Wyeth Llc | Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide |
US8202845B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2012-06-19 | Acuity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Means and methods for the specific modulation of target genes in the CNS and the eye and methods for their identification |
WO2003087368A3 (fr) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-04-29 | Lynkeus Bio Tech Gmbh | Moyens et procedes pour la modulation specifique de genes cibles dans le snc et l'oeil, et procedes pour leur identification |
US9150863B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2015-10-06 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for siRNA inhibition of angiogenesis |
US8541384B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2013-09-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for siRNA inhibition of angiogenesis |
US8546345B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2013-10-01 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for siRNA inhibition of angiogenesis |
US8946403B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2015-02-03 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for siRNA inhibition of angiogenesis |
US7636597B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2009-12-22 | Brainsgate, Ltd. | Surgical tools and techniques for stimulation |
ES2267333A1 (es) * | 2004-01-27 | 2007-03-01 | Universidad De Sevilla | Dispositivo para la administracion de sustancias, estimulacion y registro "daser". |
ES2267333B1 (es) * | 2004-01-27 | 2007-12-01 | Universidad De Sevilla | Dispositivo para la administracion de sustancias, estimulacion y registro "daser". |
US9233245B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2016-01-12 | Brainsgate Ltd. | SPG stimulation |
US8954149B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2015-02-10 | Brainsgate Ltd. | External stimulation of the SPG |
US8916165B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2014-12-23 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Humanized Aβ antibodies for use in improving cognition |
US8958881B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2015-02-17 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Neuroprotective electrical stimulation |
US8784810B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 | 2014-07-22 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases |
US8003097B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2011-08-23 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy |
US8613920B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2013-12-24 | Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy | Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases |
US9644025B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2017-05-09 | Wyeth Llc | Immunotherapy regimes dependent on ApoE status |
US9044542B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-06-02 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | Imaging-guided anesthesia injection systems and methods |
US9067015B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-06-30 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | System for injecting fluids in a subject |
US9398894B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2016-07-26 | Carticept Medical, Inc. | Removable cassette for articular injection system |
US9067981B1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2015-06-30 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Hybrid amyloid-beta antibodies |
US8470792B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2013-06-25 | Opko Pharmaceuticals, Llc. | Compositions and methods for selective inhibition of VEGF |
US8267851B1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2012-09-18 | James M Kroll | Method and apparatus for electrically generating signal for inducing lucid dreaming |
WO2013157937A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-24 | Lerner Eduard N | Dispositif d'administration intercérébrale améliorée de multiples substances biologiquement actives |
US9675796B2 (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2017-06-13 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator |
US10512771B2 (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2019-12-24 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator |
US10271907B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2019-04-30 | Brainsgate Ltd. | Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20020123678A1 (en) | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism | |
WO1997018855A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs | |
US7033598B2 (en) | Methods and apparatus for enhanced and controlled delivery of a biologically active agent into the central nervous system of a mammal | |
US8634907B2 (en) | Intraocular iontophoretic device and associated methods | |
US8480638B2 (en) | Intraocular iontophoretic device and associated methods | |
EP1807149B1 (fr) | Dispositifs de liberation prolongee in vivo d'un agent actif | |
US9192512B2 (en) | Device for delivering medicines by transpalpebral electrophoresis | |
US20200085618A1 (en) | Intrascleral drug delivery device and associated methods | |
US7084116B2 (en) | Methods for treating lower urinary tract disorders and the related disorders vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators | |
US20070260171A1 (en) | Intraocular iontophoretic device and associated methods | |
US20080027371A1 (en) | Method and device for minimally invasive site specific ocular drug delivery | |
US20090143752A1 (en) | Passive intraocular drug delivery devices and associated methods | |
US8755880B2 (en) | Intraocular iontophoretic device and associated methods | |
JPH09503136A (ja) | イオン導入ドラッグデリバリーシステム及び方法 | |
EP0869829A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour ameliorer l'administration a l'organisme de substances et de composes biologiquement actifs | |
EP1940507A2 (fr) | Dispositif iontophoretique intraoculaire, et procedes associes | |
MXPA98004007A (en) | Device for increasing the release of biologically active substances and compounds in an organi | |
Dehghan et al. | Advances in iontophoresis for drug delivery | |
Vranić | Iontophoresis: fundamentals, developments and application | |
Gazelius | Iontophoresis-theory | |
RU2157257C1 (ru) | Способ лечения заболеваний заднего отрезка глаза человека методом эндоназального электрофореза и установка для его осуществления | |
Dwivedi | Nasya Karma-A Unique Ayurveda Therapy | |
Lebedev et al. | Transcranial Electrostimulation of the Brain Endophrinergic System As an Example of the Uninvasive Functional Electrostimulation of the Brain Homeostatic Mechanisms: Activation of Tissue Repair | |
HK1018410A (en) | Device for enhanced delivery of biologically active substances and compounds in an organism | |
US20180117300A1 (en) | Direct current applicator for therapeutic use, with a plurality of sheet-like structures |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 96199358.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2238055 Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: 2238055 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09077123 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: PA/a/1998/004007 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1997 519384 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996939840 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996939840 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1996939840 Country of ref document: EP |