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WO1997033765A1 - Variable adsorption filter - Google Patents

Variable adsorption filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997033765A1
WO1997033765A1 PCT/EP1997/001030 EP9701030W WO9733765A1 WO 1997033765 A1 WO1997033765 A1 WO 1997033765A1 EP 9701030 W EP9701030 W EP 9701030W WO 9733765 A1 WO9733765 A1 WO 9733765A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adsoφtionsfilter
outlet
tank
bypass valve
communicating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/001030
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl Ernst Hummel
Original Assignee
Filterwerk Mann+Hummel Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Filterwerk Mann+Hummel Gmbh filed Critical Filterwerk Mann+Hummel Gmbh
Publication of WO1997033765A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997033765A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0854—Details of the absorption canister
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4516—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for fuel vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adsorption filter, in particular in vehicles with an internal combustion engine.
  • Such adsorption filters are known, e.g. through the use of activated carbon filters in commercially available passenger cars.
  • the activated carbon filters used in the United States of America must meet the requirements of the "ORVR” legislation (on-board refueling vapor recovery) and the "enhanced evap” framework.
  • ORVR on-board refueling vapor recovery
  • the "enhanced evap” framework During the ORVR refueling process, the fuel vapor in the tank is displaced by the inflowing fuel into the activated carbon filter (AKF).
  • Low flow resistances in the overall system are required for reliable operation. It follows that the ratio of the length of the AKF to its diameter is relatively small.
  • the adsorption filter comprises at least one inlet communicating with the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, at least two areas containing adsorbent which communicate with one another and at least one outlet communicating with the ambient air and at least one outlet communicating with the fuel tank.
  • a further development of the invention provides that the adsorption filter has a bypass valve. With this valve, adjustments to the respective operating conditions of the vehicle, such as refueling or simply standing in the sun, are possible.
  • a further development according to the invention provides that the two areas can be separated from one another by means of the bypass valve during refueling, so that the fuel vapor produced flows only through one area. This has the advantage that the flow resistance is reduced and thus the gas cushion that ends the refueling process early does not arise.
  • the bypass valve is arranged such that when the adsorption filter is regenerated, ambient air flows in via the outlet communicating with the ambient air and flows into the tank via the loaded adsorption filter medium region by means of the outlet communicating with the fuel tank.
  • the bypass valve has a double function. It is used in the operating state of the tanker in order to optimize the loading of the area containing the adsorbent with a larger cross-section with a reduced flow resistance.
  • the other area with adsorbent which has a larger ratio of length to cross section and thus a higher flow resistance, must be decoupled through the bypass valve. If e.g.
  • the operating parameters change in such a way that the gas pressure decreases in the interior of the tank or a negative pressure arises with respect to the ambient pressure, then it can be provided that the bypass valve ambient air flows into the tank for the purpose of backwashing the adsorbent leaves.
  • a further development of the invention according to the invention provides that the bypass valve is evident by means of the signal induced when the tank cap is opened. Happily happens the opening of the bypass valve only when the tank is to be filled, because in the other operating states the question of the flow resistance is a secondary aspect, much more important is the adsorption path that the gas can cover.
  • the operating parameters change so suddenly that the flow geometry of the overall system must be changed with a view to orderly refueling, which is done by means of the bypass valve; the reason for this comes from opening the tank cap. This can be done mechanically, for example by means of a gear construction, or electrically.
  • the adsorption filter has at least one further inlet communicating with the fuel tank, which inlet can be activated in particular when refueling.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the Adso ⁇ tionsfilter in serial execution with bypass as a separating element between the areas
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the Adso ⁇ tionsfilter with bypass as
  • Figure 3 shows a section through the valve Figure 4 is a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter at a standstill
  • Figure 5 shows a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter at a standstill when refueling
  • Figure 6 is a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter in Deso ⁇ tions.
  • the adsorption filter 1 consists of two areas 3 containing adsorption agents which, as shown in FIG. 1, are connected to one another in such a way that the serial coupling of the bypass valve 7 can either be completely interrupted or restored.
  • the fuel-containing gas from the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine reaches the adsorption filter 1 through inlet 2 in normal operation.
  • inlet 2 In the filter itself, it finds a relatively long distance in operation, from inlet 2 to outlet 5, as both in FIG. 1 and in FIG is shown in Fig. 2, on which it can come into contact with the activated carbon in the filter.
  • bypass valve 7 in FIG. 2 lies in the reduction of the flow resistance without a complete separation of the areas from one another being necessary, which means that in this special embodiment the remaining adsorption surface is also available, however with changed flow conditions.
  • the bypass valve 7, which is shown in section in FIG. 3, can contribute to backwashing the filter 1 in selected cases. Otherwise, the backwashing of the adsorption filter 1 takes place by means of the outlet 5, through which ambient air enters the filter 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of a feed line 18.
  • the Adso ⁇ tionsfilter comprises two separate areas containing Adso ⁇ tionsstoff 3.
  • cleaned air escapes in normal operation, which its fuel vapor content in the tank 10, z. B. outgassed from the fuel due to solar radiation or other heat, accumulates on the activated carbon.
  • the outlet 5 is necessary for the desorption case in order to feed the fuel vapor components collected to the engine, not shown.
  • the inlet 6 allows a quick removal of fuel vapor to the adsorption filter when refueling by means of a larger cross section.
  • the tank 10 is connected to the engine (not shown) by means of a fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state.
  • FIG. 5 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of the feed line 18.
  • the adsorption filter comprises two separate areas 3 containing adsorption agents, which are arranged in such a way that the flow guidance of the fuel vapors can be influenced by a bypass valve which is not visible in FIG. 5 but which corresponds to that arranged in FIG. Cleaned air escapes through the outlet 4 in normal operating conditions, which reduces its fuel vapor content in the tank 10, e.g. B. outgassed from the fuel due to solar radiation or other heat, accumulates on the activated carbon.
  • a bypass valve which is not visible in FIG. 5 but which corresponds to that arranged in FIG. Cleaned air escapes through the outlet 4 in normal operating conditions, which reduces its fuel vapor content in the tank 10, e.g. B. outgassed from the fuel due to solar radiation or other heat, accumulates on the activated carbon.
  • the inlet 6 which is also like the bypass valve at Refueling is opened is allowed by means' of a larger cross-section a rapid discharge of fuel vapor to Adso ⁇ tionsfilter out.
  • the tank piece 14 provided with a gas cap 11 which can be closed so that the outgassing from the fuel 12 fuel vapor 13 in the illustrated in Figure 5 operating condition due to the resulting Pressure gradients and the supply line 18 reach the adsorption filter 10.
  • the tank 10 is connected to the engine (not shown) by means of fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state.There is also a connection between adsorption filter 1 and the engine via the regeneration line 16, which is by means of the regeneration valve 17 is closed, with both the opening width and the opening and closing position depending on the parameters of speed, load condition and throttle valve control. When the engine is stopped, the regeneration valve 17 is closed. When the engine is running, backwashing is carried out NEN and closing of inlet 6 and bypass valve can be mechanical or electrical, for. B. when opening the tank cap or by means of the resulting negative pressure during refueling.
  • FIG. 6 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of a feed line 18.
  • the adsorption filter comprises two separate areas 3 containing adsorption agents.
  • outlet 4 passes through ambient air, which picks up its fuel vapor portion, backwashing on the activated carbon, and feeds the collected fuel vapor portions to the engine (not shown) via outlet 5.
  • the inlet 6 allows a quick discharge of fuel vapor 13 to the adsorption filter when refueling by means of a larger cross section.
  • the filler neck 14, via which the fuel 12 enters the tank 10, which is provided with a tank cap 11, is closed, as is the inlet 6.
  • the feed line 18 guides the fuel vapor generated in the tank 10 via inlet 2 into the adsorption filter, where the steam, due to the backwash flow conditions, does not accumulate directly on the activated carbon to the outlet 5.
  • the adsorption filter 1, or the outlet 5 and the engine via the regeneration line 16 which is evident by means of the regeneration valve 17 depending on the operating parameters of the engine , the backwashed fuel vapor enters the intake tract of the internal combustion engine, which is not shown in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the tank 10 is additionally connected to the engine (not shown) by means of fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an adsorption filter, in particular in vehicles with internal combustion engines, the adsorption filter comprising at least one inlet (2) which communicates with the internal combustion engine fuel tank, at least two intercommunicating regions (3) which contain adsorption agents, at least one outlet (4) communicating with the ambient air, and at least one outlet (5) communicating with the fuel tank.

Description

Variables Adsorptionsfilter Variable adsorption filter
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Adsorptionsfilter, insbesondere in Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungskraftmaschine.The invention relates to an adsorption filter, in particular in vehicles with an internal combustion engine.
Derartige Adsorptionsfilter sind bekannt, z.B. durch den Einsatz von Aktivkohlefϊltern in handelsüblichen Personenkraftwagen. Ab dem Modelljahr 1998 müssen in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika die eingesetzten Aktivkohlefilter sowohl die Bedingungen der "ORVR"- Gesetzgebung(On-Board-Refueling Vapor Recovery) als auch die "Enhanced-Evap" Randbedingungen erfüllen. Während des ORVR-Betankungsvorganges wird der sich im Tank befindliche Kraftstoffdampf durch den einfließenden Kraftstoff in das Aktivkohlefilter(AKF) verdrängt. Hierbei sind geringe Durchflußwiderstände im Gesamtsystem für den zuverlässigen Betrieb erforderlich. Daraus ergibt sich, daß das Verhältnis von Länge des AKF zu dessen Durchmesser relativ klein ist. In einem heute üblichen Tank mit 65 Litern Inhalt und einer Verdampfungsrate von einem Gramm pro zugetanktem Liter Kraftstoff ergäbe sich eine notwendige Arbeitskapazität nach den ORVR-Richtlinien von ca. 65 Gramm Kraftstoff, bei der bislang bekannten Arbeitskapazität des AKF. Eine hierzu konkurrierende Situation entsteht, wenn man die "Enhanced Evap"-Procedure betrachtet. Hier wird ein Kraftstofftank mit daran angebautem AKF über einen Zeitraum von drei Tagen einem Umgebungstemperaturprofil ausgesetzt. In dieser Zeit verdampft Kraftstoff im Tank und anschließend im AKF aufgefangen. In den Abkühlphasen des Zyklus entsteht im Tank ein durch Kondensation hervorgerufener Unterdruck im AKF, so daß bei gleichzeitigem Einströmen von Umgebungsluft in den AKF die Aktivkohle teilweise regeneriert wird. Der Durchflusswiderstand ist in diesem Fall nicht von Bedeutung, da hier das Diffusionsverhalten der beteiligten Medien von größerem Interesse ist. Hier böte sich ein AKF mit größerem Verhältnis von Länge zu Durchmesser an.Such adsorption filters are known, e.g. through the use of activated carbon filters in commercially available passenger cars. As of model year 1998, the activated carbon filters used in the United States of America must meet the requirements of the "ORVR" legislation (on-board refueling vapor recovery) and the "enhanced evap" framework. During the ORVR refueling process, the fuel vapor in the tank is displaced by the inflowing fuel into the activated carbon filter (AKF). Low flow resistances in the overall system are required for reliable operation. It follows that the ratio of the length of the AKF to its diameter is relatively small. In a tank customary today with a volume of 65 liters and an evaporation rate of one gram per refueled liter of fuel, this would result in a necessary working capacity according to the ORVR guidelines of approx. 65 grams of fuel, with the previously known working capacity of the AKF. A competing situation arises when one looks at the "Enhanced Evap" procedure. Here, a fuel tank with an attached AKF is exposed to an ambient temperature profile over a period of three days. During this time, fuel evaporates in the tank and then collected in the AKF. During the cooling phases of the cycle, a negative pressure in the AKF caused by condensation occurs in the tank, so that the activated carbon is partially regenerated when ambient air flows into the AKF at the same time. The flow resistance is not important in this case, since the diffusion behavior of the media involved is of greater interest here. Here, an AKF with a larger ratio of length to diameter would be appropriate.
In der Anwendung beider Vorschriften, die in der einzelnen Konstruktionsauslegung zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führen wird bislang lediglich mit unzureichenden Kompromissen Rechnung getragen.The use of both regulations, which lead to different results in the individual design, has so far only been taken into account with inadequate compromises.
Nachteilig daran ist, daß aufgrund bei der Betankung entstehender Gaspolster, die nicht schnell genug durch das Adsorptionsfilter im Tank geleitet werden, die Tankpistole abschaltet, und somit den Tankvorgang frühzeitig beendet. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Adsorptionsfüter der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß ein einfaches sicheres, alle Betriebszustände beherrschendes Adsorptionsfilter geschaffen wird.The disadvantage of this is that due to gas cushions that arise during the refueling process and are not passed through the adsorption filter in the tank quickly enough, the tank gun switches off and the fueling process thus ends early. It is an object of the invention to improve an adsorption feeder of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that a simple, safe adsorption filter which controls all operating states is created.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß das Adsorptionsfilter wenigstens einen mit dem Kraftstofftank der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kommunizierenden Einlaß, wenigstens zwei Adsorptionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche, die miteinander kommunizieren sowie wenigstens einen mit der Umgebungsluft kommunizierenden Auslaß sowie wenigstens einen mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizierenden Auslaß umfaßt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the adsorption filter comprises at least one inlet communicating with the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, at least two areas containing adsorbent which communicate with one another and at least one outlet communicating with the ambient air and at least one outlet communicating with the fuel tank.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß das Adsorptionsfilter ein Bypaßventil aufweist. Mittels dieses Ventils sind Anpassungen an die jeweiligen Betriebszustände des Fahrzeugs, wie Tanken oder einfach in der Sonne stehen, möglich.A further development of the invention provides that the adsorption filter has a bypass valve. With this valve, adjustments to the respective operating conditions of the vehicle, such as refueling or simply standing in the sun, are possible.
Eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß mittels des Bypaßventils beim Tanken die beiden Bereiche voneinander trennbar sind, so, daß der anfallende Kraftstoffdampf nur durch einen Bereich strömt. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Durchflußwiderstand reduziert wird und somit das den Betankungsvorgang frühzeitig beendende Gaspolster nicht entsteht.A further development according to the invention provides that the two areas can be separated from one another by means of the bypass valve during refueling, so that the fuel vapor produced flows only through one area. This has the advantage that the flow resistance is reduced and thus the gas cushion that ends the refueling process early does not arise.
In einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß das Bypassventil so angeordnet ist, daß beim Regenerieren des Adsorptionsfilters Umgebungsluft über den mit der Umgebungsluft kommunizierenden Auslaß einströmt und über den beladenen Adsoφtionsfiltermittelbereich mittels des mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizirerenden Auslasses in den Tank strömt. Das bedeutet, daß das Bypassventil eine Doppelfunktion übernimmt. Es wird im Betriebszustand des Tankens dazu benutzt, um die Beladung des Adsorptionsmittel enthaltenden Bereichs mit größerem Querschnitt bei reduziertem Durchflußwiderstand zu optimieren. Hierzu muß der andere Bereich mit Adsorptionsmittel, der ein größeres Verhältnis von Länge zu Querschnitt und somit einen höheren Durchflusswiderstand aufweist, durch das Bypassventil abgkoppelt werden. Wenn z.B. während des Stillstands in der Nacht die Betriebsparameter sich in der Weise ändern, daß im Tankinneren der Gasdruck abnimmt bzw. ein Unterdruck bezüglich des Umgebungsdruckes entsteht, dann kann vorgesehen werden, daß das Bypassventil Umgebungsluft zum Zweck der Rückspülung des Adsorptionsmittels über dieses in den Tank einströmen läßt.In another development of the invention it is provided that the bypass valve is arranged such that when the adsorption filter is regenerated, ambient air flows in via the outlet communicating with the ambient air and flows into the tank via the loaded adsorption filter medium region by means of the outlet communicating with the fuel tank. This means that the bypass valve has a double function. It is used in the operating state of the tanker in order to optimize the loading of the area containing the adsorbent with a larger cross-section with a reduced flow resistance. For this purpose, the other area with adsorbent, which has a larger ratio of length to cross section and thus a higher flow resistance, must be decoupled through the bypass valve. If e.g. during the standstill at night the operating parameters change in such a way that the gas pressure decreases in the interior of the tank or a negative pressure arises with respect to the ambient pressure, then it can be provided that the bypass valve ambient air flows into the tank for the purpose of backwashing the adsorbent leaves.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß das Bypaßventil mittels bei der Tankdeckelöffhung induziertem Signal offenbar ist. Sinnvollerweise geschieht die Öffnung des Bypassventils erst dann, wenn der Tank befüllt werden soll, denn in den anderen Betriebszuständen ist die Frage des Durchflußwiderstandes ein nebengeordneter Aspekt, viel wichtiger ist Adsoφtionswegstrecke, die das Gas zurücklegen kann. Wenn aber getankt wird, ändern sich die Betriebsparameter so plötzlich, daß im Hinblick auf ein geordnetes Tanken die Strömungsgeometrie des Gesamtsystems verändert werden muß, was mittels des Bypaßventils geschieht, die Veranlassung hierzu kommt über das Öffnen des Tankdeckels. Dies kann sowohl mechanisch, z.B. mittels einer Getriebekonstruktion, als auch elektrisch erfolgen.A further development of the invention according to the invention provides that the bypass valve is evident by means of the signal induced when the tank cap is opened. Happily happens the opening of the bypass valve only when the tank is to be filled, because in the other operating states the question of the flow resistance is a secondary aspect, much more important is the adsorption path that the gas can cover. When refueling, however, the operating parameters change so suddenly that the flow geometry of the overall system must be changed with a view to orderly refueling, which is done by means of the bypass valve; the reason for this comes from opening the tank cap. This can be done mechanically, for example by means of a gear construction, or electrically.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Weiterentwicklung ist vorgesehen, daß der Adsoφtionfilter wenigstens einen weiteren mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizierenden Einlaß aufweist, der insbesondere beim Tanken zuschaltbar ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß während des Tankens die zu durchströmende Fläche vergrößert wird, was den Durchflußwiderstand weiter verringert und den Tankvorgang nicht behindert.In a further development according to the invention it is provided that the adsorption filter has at least one further inlet communicating with the fuel tank, which inlet can be activated in particular when refueling. This has the advantage that the area to be flowed through is increased during refueling, which further reduces the flow resistance and does not impede the refueling process.
Weitere Vorteile sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.Further advantages are contained in the subclaims.
Diese und weitere Merkmale von bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen bei der Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte sowie für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird.These and other features of preferred developments of the invention emerge from the claims and also from the description and the drawings, the individual features being realized individually or in groups in the form of subcombinations in the embodiment of the invention and in other fields, and can represent advantageous and protectable versions for which protection is claimed here.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below.
Die Zeichnungen zeigen:The drawings show:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Adsoφtionsfilters in serieller Ausführung mit Bypass als Trennelement zwischen den BereichenFigure 1 is a schematic representation of the Adsoφtionsfilter in serial execution with bypass as a separating element between the areas
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung des Adsoφtionsfilters mit Bypass alsFigure 2 is a schematic representation of the Adsoφtionsfilter with bypass as
EntlastungsventilRelief valve
Figur 3 ein Schnitt durch das Ventil Figur 4 ein Anlagenschema Kraftstofftank/Aktivkohlefilter im StillstandFigure 3 shows a section through the valve Figure 4 is a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter at a standstill
Figur 5 ein Anlagenschema Kraftstofftank/ Aktivkohlefilter im Stillstand beim TankenFigure 5 shows a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter at a standstill when refueling
Figur 6 ein Anlagenschema Kraftstofftank/Aktivkohlefilter im DesoφtionsbetriebFigure 6 is a system diagram fuel tank / activated carbon filter in Desoφtionsbetrieb
Das Adsoφtionsfilter 1 besteht aus zwei Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche 3 auf, die wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt in der Weise miteinander verbunden sind, daß die serielle Kopplung von Bypaßventil 7 wahlweise vollständig unterbrochen oder wiederhergestellt werden kann. Das kraftstoffhaltige Gas aus dem Kraftstofftank der Verbrennungskraftmaschine gelangt im Normalbetrieb über den Einlaß 2 in das Adsoφtionsfilter 1. Im Filter selbst findet es im Betriebszustand eine relativ lange Wegstrecke, vom Einlaß 2 bis zum Auslaß 5 vor, wie dies sowohl in Fig. 1 als auch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, auf der es mit der im Filter befindlichen Aktivkohle in Kontakt treten kann.The adsorption filter 1 consists of two areas 3 containing adsorption agents which, as shown in FIG. 1, are connected to one another in such a way that the serial coupling of the bypass valve 7 can either be completely interrupted or restored. The fuel-containing gas from the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine reaches the adsorption filter 1 through inlet 2 in normal operation. In the filter itself, it finds a relatively long distance in operation, from inlet 2 to outlet 5, as both in FIG. 1 and in FIG is shown in Fig. 2, on which it can come into contact with the activated carbon in the filter.
Die Bedeutung des Bypaßventils 7 in Fig. 2 liegt in der Reduzierung des Durchflußwiderstandes, ohne daß eine vollständige Trennung der Bereiche voneinander notwendig wäre, das bedeutet, daß in dieser speziellen Ausgestaltung auch die übrige Adsoφtionsoberfläche zur Verfügung steht, allerdings bei geänderten Strömungsverhältnissen.The importance of the bypass valve 7 in FIG. 2 lies in the reduction of the flow resistance without a complete separation of the areas from one another being necessary, which means that in this special embodiment the remaining adsorption surface is also available, however with changed flow conditions.
Das Bypaßventil 7, das in Figur 3 im Schnitt dargestellt ist, kann in ausgesuchten Fällen zur Rückspülung des Filters 1 beitragen. Ansonsten geschieht die Rückspülung des Adsoφtionsfilters 1 mittels des Auslaß 5, durch den Umgebungsluft in das Filter 1 gelangt.The bypass valve 7, which is shown in section in FIG. 3, can contribute to backwashing the filter 1 in selected cases. Otherwise, the backwashing of the adsorption filter 1 takes place by means of the outlet 5, through which ambient air enters the filter 1.
Während des Tankens ist die zusätzliche Erhöhung des zu durchströmenden Querschnitte mittels des zuschaltbaren weiteren Einlasses 6 möglich.During refueling, the additional increase in the cross sections to be flowed through is possible by means of the switchable further inlet 6.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte längliche Bereich 3 des Adsoφtionfilters, der ein größeres Verhältnis von Länge zu Querschnitt aufweist, kann auch als länglicher dünner Schlauch ausgeführt sein. Zwischen diesem Schlauch und dem anderen Bereich 3 befindet sich ein T- Stück, an dessen offenem Ende ein Bypaßventil 7 angebracht ist. Während des Fahrzeugbetriebs ist dieses Ventil geschlossen, so daß ein Adsoφtionsfilter existiert, das eine große Adsoφtionslänge bereitstellt, so daß die "Enhanced Evap"-Anforderungen erfüllt werden. In Figur 4 wird ein Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gezeigt, das über einen Einlaß 2 verfügt, über den die Kraftstoffdämpfe mittels einer Zuleitung 18 in das Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gelangen. Das Adsoφtionsfilter umfasst zwei getrennte, Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche 3. Über den Auslaß 4 entweicht im normalen Betriebsfall gereinigte Luft, die ihren Kraftstoffdampfanteil, der im Tank 10, z. B. infolge von Sonneneinstrahlung oder anderer Wärmeeinwirkung aus dem Kraftstoff ausgast, an der Aktivkohle anlagert. Der Auslaß 5 ist für den Desoφtionsfall notwendig, um die gesammelten Kraftstoffdampfanteile dem nicht dargestellten Motor zuzuleiten.The elongated region 3 of the adsorption filter shown in FIG. 1, which has a larger ratio of length to cross section, can also be designed as an elongated, thin tube. Between this hose and the other area 3 there is a T-piece, at the open end of which a bypass valve 7 is attached. This valve is closed during vehicle operation, so that an adsorption filter exists which provides a large adsorption length, so that the "enhanced evap" requirements are met. FIG. 4 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of a feed line 18. The Adsoφtionsfilter comprises two separate areas containing Adsoφtionsmittel 3. Via the outlet 4, cleaned air escapes in normal operation, which its fuel vapor content in the tank 10, z. B. outgassed from the fuel due to solar radiation or other heat, accumulates on the activated carbon. The outlet 5 is necessary for the desorption case in order to feed the fuel vapor components collected to the engine, not shown.
Der Einlaß 6 gestattet beim Tanken mittels eines größeren Querschnitts eine schnelle Abfuhr von Kraftstoffdampf zum Adsoφtionsfilter hin.The inlet 6 allows a quick removal of fuel vapor to the adsorption filter when refueling by means of a larger cross section.
Der Tankstutzen 14, über den der Kraftstoff 12 in den Tank 10, der mit einem Tankdeckel 11 versehen ist, gelangt, ist verschließbar, so daß der ausgasende Kraftstoffdampf 13 im in Figur 4 dargestellten Betriebszustand durch den entstehenden Druckgradienten und die Zuleitung 18 in das Adsoφtionsfilter gelangt. Der Tank 10 ist mittels Kraftstoffleitung 15 mit dem nicht dargestellten Motor verbunden und wird im Betriebszustand mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Weiter existiert eine Vebindung zwische Adsoφtionsfilter 1 und dem Motor über die Regenerationsleitung 16, die mittels des Regenerationsventils 17 verschließbar ist.The filler neck 14, via which the fuel 12 enters the tank 10, which is provided with a tank cap 11, can be closed, so that the outgassing fuel vapor 13 in the operating state shown in FIG. 4 by the resulting pressure gradient and the feed line 18 into the adsorption filter reached. The tank 10 is connected to the engine (not shown) by means of a fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state. There is also a connection between adsorption filter 1 and the engine via the regeneration line 16, which can be closed by means of the regeneration valve 17.
In Figur 5 wird ein Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gezeigt, das einen Einlaß 2 aufweist, über den die Kraftstoffdämpfe mittels der Zuleitung 18 in das Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gelangen. Das Adsoφtionsfilter umfasst zwei getrennte, Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche 3, die so angeordnet sind, daß die Strömungsführung der Kraftstoffdämpfe von einem in Figur 5 nicht sichtbaren Bypaßventil, das aber dem in Figur 2 angeordneten entspricht, beeinflußbar ist. Über den Auslaß 4 entweicht im normalen Betriebsfall gereinigte Luft, die ihren Kraftstoffdampfanteil, der im Tank 10, z. B. infolge von Sonneneinstrahlung oder anderer Wärmeeinwirkung aus dem Kraftstoff ausgast, an der Aktivkohle anlagert. Diese Strömungsführung hat im Betankungsfall aber den Nachteil, daß der Strömungwiderstand zu hoch ist, was zum Abschalten der Betankungsanlage führen kann, deshalb wird mittels des nicht sichtbaren Bypassventils der eine Bereich, der Adsoφtionsmittel enthält und für die Strömungswiderstandserhöhung zuständig ist, über das Bypassventils kurzgeschlossen, so daß die Luft nicht mehr über den Auslaß 4 entweicht. Aus diesem Grund ist es notwendig, daß über den Auslaß 5, der im Desoφtionsfall die gesammelten Kraftstoffdampfanteile dem nicht dargestellten Motor zuleitet, rechtzeitig vor der Betankung desorbiert wird, damit der verbleibende Adsoptionsmittel enthaltende Bereich durch optimale Kapzität keine Kraftstoffdampfanteile über das Bypassventil ins Freie entlassen muß. Dies wird dadurch geregelt, daß automatisch auf der Fahrt zur Tankstelle der Motor in Betrieb ist und so das Aktivkohlefilter rückgespült wird. Der Einlaß 6, der ebenfalls wie das Bypassventil beim Tanken geöffnet wird gestattet mittels" eines größeren Querschnitts eine schnelle Abfuhr von Kraftstoffdampf zum Adsoφtionsfilter hin. Der Tankstutzen 14 ist mit einem Tankdeckel 11 versehen der verschließbar ist, so daß der aus dem Kraftstoff 12 ausgasende Kraftstoffdampf 13 im in Figur 5 dargestellten Betriebszustand durch den entstehenden Druckgradienten und die Zuleitung 18 in das Adsoφtionsfilter gelangt. Der Tank 10 ist mittels Kraftstoffleitung 15 mit dem nicht dargestellten Motor verbunden und wird im Betriebszustand mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Weiter existiert eine Vebindung zwische Adsoφtionsfilter 1 und dem Motor über die Regenerationsleitung 16, die mittels des Regenerationsventils 17 verschlossen ist, wobei sowohl die Öffnungsweite als auch die Öffnungs- und Schließstellung von den Parametern Drehzahl, Lastzustand und Drosselklappensteuerung abhängen. Bei Motorstillstand ist das Regenerationsventil 17 geschlossen. Bei laufendem Motor wird rückgespült. Das Öffnen und Schließen von Einlaß 6 und Bypassventil kann mechanisch oder elektrisch, z. B. beim Öffnen des Tankdeckels oder mittels beim Betanken entstehendem Unterdruck erfolgen.FIG. 5 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of the feed line 18. The adsorption filter comprises two separate areas 3 containing adsorption agents, which are arranged in such a way that the flow guidance of the fuel vapors can be influenced by a bypass valve which is not visible in FIG. 5 but which corresponds to that arranged in FIG. Cleaned air escapes through the outlet 4 in normal operating conditions, which reduces its fuel vapor content in the tank 10, e.g. B. outgassed from the fuel due to solar radiation or other heat, accumulates on the activated carbon. In the case of refueling, however, this flow guidance has the disadvantage that the flow resistance is too high, which can lead to the refueling system being switched off, which is why the bypass valve, which is not visible, is used to short-circuit the area which contains adsorbents and is responsible for increasing the flow resistance, via the bypass valve, so that the air no longer escapes through outlet 4. For this reason, it is necessary that the outlet 5, which feeds the collected fuel vapor components to the engine (not shown) in the event of a desorption, is desorbed in good time before refueling, so that the remaining adsorbent-containing area does not have to release any fuel vapor components through the bypass valve into the open due to optimal capacity . This is regulated in that the engine is automatically in operation on the way to the petrol station and the activated carbon filter is thus backwashed. The inlet 6, which is also like the bypass valve at Refueling is opened is allowed by means' of a larger cross-section a rapid discharge of fuel vapor to Adsoφtionsfilter out. The tank piece 14 provided with a gas cap 11 which can be closed so that the outgassing from the fuel 12 fuel vapor 13 in the illustrated in Figure 5 operating condition due to the resulting Pressure gradients and the supply line 18 reach the adsorption filter 10. The tank 10 is connected to the engine (not shown) by means of fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state.There is also a connection between adsorption filter 1 and the engine via the regeneration line 16, which is by means of the regeneration valve 17 is closed, with both the opening width and the opening and closing position depending on the parameters of speed, load condition and throttle valve control. When the engine is stopped, the regeneration valve 17 is closed. When the engine is running, backwashing is carried out NEN and closing of inlet 6 and bypass valve can be mechanical or electrical, for. B. when opening the tank cap or by means of the resulting negative pressure during refueling.
In Figur 6 wird ein Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gezeigt, das über einen Einlaß 2 verfügt, über den die Kraftstoffdämpfe mittels einer Zuleitung 18 in das Adsoφtionsfilter 1 gelangen. Das Adsoφtionsfilter umfasst zwei getrennte, Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche 3. Über den Auslaß 4 gelangt im hier dargestellten Desoφtionsfall Umgebungsluft, die ihren Kraftstoffdampfanteil, an der Aktivkohle rückspülenderweise abholt und über Auslaß 5 die gesammelten Kraftstoffdampfanteile dem nicht dargestellten Motor zuleitet. Der Einlaß 6 gestattet beim Tanken mittels eines größeren Querschnitts eine schnelle Abfuhr von Kraftstoffdampf 13 zum Adsoφtionsfilter hin. Der Tankstutzen 14, über den der Kraftstoff 12 in den Tank 10, der mit einem Tankdeckel 11 versehen ist, gelangt, ist verschlossen, ebenso wie der Einlaß 6. Die Zuleitung 18 leitet den im Tank 10 entstehenden Kraftstoffdampf über Einlaß 2 in das Adsoφtionsfilter, wo der Dampf aufgrund der Rückspülströmungsverhältnisse ohne Anlagerung an der Aktivkohle direkt zum Auslaß 5 gelangt.Durch eine Vebindung zwischen Adsoφtionsfilter 1 , bzw. dem Auslaß 5 und dem Motor über die Regenerationsleitung 16, die mittels des Regenerationsventils 17 in Abhängigkeit der Betriebsparameter des Motors offenbar ist, gelangt der rückgespülte Kraftstoffdampf in den Ansaugtrakt der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nicht dargestellt ist.. Der Tank 10 ist zusätzlich mittels Kraftstoffleitung 15 mit dem nicht dargestellten Motor verbunden und wird im Betriebszustand mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Bezugszeich enlisteFIG. 6 shows an adsorption filter 1 which has an inlet 2 through which the fuel vapors reach the adsorption filter 1 by means of a feed line 18. The adsorption filter comprises two separate areas 3 containing adsorption agents. In the desorption case shown here, outlet 4 passes through ambient air, which picks up its fuel vapor portion, backwashing on the activated carbon, and feeds the collected fuel vapor portions to the engine (not shown) via outlet 5. The inlet 6 allows a quick discharge of fuel vapor 13 to the adsorption filter when refueling by means of a larger cross section. The filler neck 14, via which the fuel 12 enters the tank 10, which is provided with a tank cap 11, is closed, as is the inlet 6. The feed line 18 guides the fuel vapor generated in the tank 10 via inlet 2 into the adsorption filter, where the steam, due to the backwash flow conditions, does not accumulate directly on the activated carbon to the outlet 5. Through a connection between the adsorption filter 1, or the outlet 5 and the engine via the regeneration line 16, which is evident by means of the regeneration valve 17 depending on the operating parameters of the engine , the backwashed fuel vapor enters the intake tract of the internal combustion engine, which is not shown in this exemplary embodiment. The tank 10 is additionally connected to the engine (not shown) by means of fuel line 15 and is supplied with fuel in the operating state. List of reference symbols
AdsoφtionsfilterAdsorption filter
EinlaßInlet
Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche AuslaßAreas containing adsorbent outlet
AuslaßOutlet
EinlaßInlet
BypaßventilBypass valve
Tanktank
TankdeckelFuel cap
Kraftstofffuel
KraftstoffdampfFuel vapor
TankstutzenFiller neck
KraftstoffleitungFuel line
RegenerationsleitungRegeneration line
RegenerationsventilRegeneration valve
Zuleitung Supply

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Adsoφtionsfilter, insbesondere in Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungskraftmaschine, umfassend wenigstens einen mit dem Kraftstofftank der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kommunizierenden Einlaß(2), wenigstens zwei Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltende Bereiche(3) , die miteinander kommunizieren sowie wenigstens einen mit der Umgebungsluft kommunizierenden Auslaß(4) sowie wenigstens einen mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizierenden Auslaß(5).1. Adsoφtionsfilter, in particular in vehicles with an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one inlet (2) communicating with the fuel tank of the internal combustion engine, at least two areas (3) containing adsorbents which communicate with one another and at least one outlet (4) communicating with the ambient air and at least one outlet (5) communicating with the fuel tank.
2. Adsoφtionsfilter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsoφtionfilter ein Bypaßventil(7) aufweist.2. Adsoφtionsfilter according to claim 1, characterized in that the Adsoφtionfilter has a bypass valve (7).
3. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels des Bypaßventils beim Tanken die beiden, Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltenden Bereiche(3) voneinander trennbar sind, so, daß der anfallende Kraftstoffdampf nur durch einen Bereich strömt.3. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the bypass valve during refueling, the two areas containing adsorbent (3) are separable from each other, so that the fuel vapor flows only through one area.
4. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auslaß(5) so angeordnet ist, daß beim Regenerieren des Adsoφtionsfilters durch den Auslaß(5) Umgebungsluft über den Adsoφtionsfilter(l) ins Tankinnere strömt.4. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (5) is arranged so that when regenerating the Adsoφtionsfilter through the outlet (5) ambient air flows through the Adsoφtionsfilter (l) into the tank interior.
5. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bypassventil(7) so angeordnet ist, daß beim Regenerieren des Adsoφtionsfilters(l) Umgebungsluft über den mit der Umgebungsluft kommunizierenden Auslaß(4) einströmt und über den beladenen Adsoφtionsfiltermittelbereich mittels des mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizirerenden Auslasses(5) in den Tank strömt.5. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bypass valve (7) is arranged so that when regenerating the Adsoφtionsfilter (l) ambient air flows in via the communicating with the ambient air outlet (4) and by means of the loaded Adsoφtionsfiltermittelbereich of the outlet (5) communicating with the fuel tank flows into the tank.
6. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsoφtionsmittel Aktivkohle ist.6. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Adsoφtionsmittel is activated carbon.
7. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Adsoφtionsmittel ein lösemittelresistentes KunststoffAdsorbens ist. 7. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Adsoφtionsmittel is a solvent-resistant plastic adsorbent.
8. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bypaßventil (7) mittels bei der Tankdeckelöffhung induziertem Signal offenbar ist.8. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bypass valve (7) by means of the signal induced at the tank cap opening is evident.
9. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bypaßventil(7) mittels bei der Tankdeckelschließung induziertem Signal schließbar ist.9. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bypass valve (7) can be closed by means of the signal induced by the tank cap closure.
10. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bypaßventil in Abhängigkeit der zur Regenerierung notwendigen Betriebsparameter offen- bzw. schließbar ist.10. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bypass valve can be opened or closed depending on the operating parameters necessary for regeneration.
11. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer der Adsoφtionsmittel enthaltenden Bereiche ein Längen- Durchmesserverhältnis aufweist, daß sich vom anderen unterscheidet.11. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the areas containing Adsoφtionsmittel has a length-diameter ratio that differs from the other.
12. Adsoφtionsfilter nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Adsoφtionfilter(l) wenigstens einen weiteren mit dem Kraftstofftank kommunizierenden Einlaß(6) aufweist, der insbesondere beim Tanken zuschaltbar ist. 12. Adsoφtionsfilter according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Adsoφtionfilter (l) has at least one further communicating with the fuel tank inlet (6), which can be switched in particular when refueling.
PCT/EP1997/001030 1996-03-13 1997-03-01 Variable adsorption filter WO1997033765A1 (en)

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DE19609565.4 1996-03-13
DE19609565 1996-03-13

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DE19931895C2 (en) * 1998-07-17 2003-05-22 Ford Motor Co Device for emission of fuel vapors in motor vehicles
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