WO1997036839A1 - Addition of accelerators in gunite - Google Patents
Addition of accelerators in gunite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997036839A1 WO1997036839A1 PCT/NO1997/000082 NO9700082W WO9736839A1 WO 1997036839 A1 WO1997036839 A1 WO 1997036839A1 NO 9700082 W NO9700082 W NO 9700082W WO 9736839 A1 WO9736839 A1 WO 9736839A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gunite
- mouthpiece
- accelerator
- aluminium
- constituents
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis(4,5-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxalumolan-2-yl) oxalate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 litium silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940032158 sodium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000575946 Ione Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an accelerator or an accelerator constituent for addition to gunite. Moreover, the invention relates to a method of adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite, and equipment for adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite during spraying, comprising a spray- mouthpiece and a conduit coupled to the mouthpiece for admission of gunite.
- An accelerator is an additive which promotes curing of the concrete after spraying on a substrate. Liquid accelerator is added to the gunite immediately prior to spraying, by being admitted to a spray-mouthpiece for the gunite. Due to the use of an accelerator relatively thick layers can be sprayed, and the progress of the spraying may be faster than by spraying without any accelerator.
- non-alkalic accelerators are used, for instance on basis of aluminium hydroxide, but these accelerators are not liquid. Although such powder accelerators can be used to prepare a liquid slurry and dosed i a liquid state, - there are large problems related to durability during storage and the application.
- an accelerator or constituents in an accelerator can be used litium silicate and/or litium aluminate, and /or aluminium in acid or basic solution, with anions or cations which are not aggressive to concrete, and/or aluminium oxalate.
- the accelerator may comprise aluminium formiate and aluminium nitrate, in the form of pure salts or mixtures.
- accelerators By use of such accelerators alone, or mixed with sodium- or potassium silicate/sodium- or potassium aluminate, no or only a limited alkalic reaction in the concrete takes place.
- These accelerators may, thus, be used alone or together with sodium silicate and/or sodium aluminate and/ or potassium silicate and/or potassium aluminate, whereby the addition of silicates or aluminates which cause alkalic reactions is eliminated or reduced.
- the accelerator When the accelerator consists of or comprises oxalic acid or oxalate there will, when the accelerator is added to gunite, be formed potassium oxalate due to the potassium contents in the concrete.
- the potassium oxalate constitutes a nearly inert filler substituent, which is heavily soluble.
- the accelerator contains or consists of aluminium oxalate, aluminium iones are brought into the concrete.
- the aluminium oxalate may form a part of an aqueous solution, which may also contain other aluminium salts which in small amounts do not have any detrimental effect, for instance sulfate or nitrate.
- two or more accelerators are added selectively by being admitted to a spray mouthpiece for gunite in separate conduits, for adjusting of the rate of mixture between two or more -accelerators.
- substituents may be added to the gunite prior to the reaching of the spray mouthpiece, in order that the constituents have more time to react prior to the spraying of the gunite.
- viscosity- or consistency adjusters may be added, such as polyethylene oxides and small amounts of naphtalene sulphanates, for instance thixotropying means which by being added immediately prior to the spraying alter the consistency of the gunite from liquid and well pumpable and sprayable to viscous and thixotropic.
- the equipment according to the invention is adapted for addition of selective amounts of two or more accelerators, consistency adjusters or solidification adjusters during spraying of gunite.
- the equipment can permit addition to a spray mouthpiece and/or addition to the gunite prior to its arrival at the mouthpiece.
- litium silicate or- aluminate, aluminium in solution or aluminium oxalate, respectively can be added alone when it is desired to avoid any alcaline silicium reaction on the aggegates.
- litium silicate or- aluminate, or aluminium in solution, or aluminium oxalate may be added together with accelerators based on sodium or potassium, and the mixture rate can be determined automatically or by the spray operator.
- the equipment according to the invention comprises a gunite spray mouthpiece, to which is coupled a conduit for admission of gunite, and to which are coupled two or more conduits for accelerator, possibly consistency adjusters or solidification adjusters, with means for selective adjustment of the flow in each conduit, for instance valves which can be controlled automatically or operated manually by an operator.
- the spray mouthpiece may be extended rearwardly and be provided with one or more couplings spaced from the mouth of the mouthpiece, or one or more conduits may be provided with a coupling, which also is situated spaced from the mouth of the mouthpiece.
- Fig. 1 shows spray equipment for selective addition of two accelerators.
- Fig. 2 shows spray equipment for selective addition of three accelerators.
- Each of the three examples of spray equipment according to the invention comprises a spray mouthpiece 1 , a mixing chamber 2, a supply conduit 3 for liquid concrete and a pressurized air conduit 4.
- Fig. 1 shows two supply conduits 5, 7 for accelerator, with a control valve 6, 8 for each of the conduits 5, 7.
- accelerators can be added selectively through the conduits 5 and 7.
- One of the conduits 5, 7 can be shut off, for addition of only one accelerator, through the other conduit.
- Fig. 2 also shows a supply conduit 9 coupled to the conduit 7, and the conduit 9 also has a control valve 10. This gives increased possibilities for selective addition.
- One of the conduits 5, 7, 9 can be used for addition of a consistency adjusting means or a thixotropying means.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
Abstract
Accelerator or accelerator-component for sprayed concrete consisting of lithium silicate and/or lithium aluminate and/or aluminium in an acid or basic solution, with anions or cations which are not aggressive to the concrete, and/or aluminium oxalate. A method according to which at least two accelerators, optionally also a consistency regulator and a setting regulator are added selectively in separate lines to a spray nozzle for concrete and regulated during the spraying. An apparatus for adding an accelerator, eventually also a consistency regulator or a setting regulator, to sprayed concrete during spraying, comprising a spray nozzle for concrete with two or more lines for said additives and means for selective regulation of the flow in each line, e.g. valves.
Description
Addition of accelerators in gunite.
The present invention relates to an accelerator or an accelerator constituent for addition to gunite. Moreover, the invention relates to a method of adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite, and equipment for adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite during spraying, comprising a spray- mouthpiece and a conduit coupled to the mouthpiece for admission of gunite.
An accelerator is an additive which promotes curing of the concrete after spraying on a substrate. Liquid accelerator is added to the gunite immediately prior to spraying, by being admitted to a spray-mouthpiece for the gunite. Due to the use of an accelerator relatively thick layers can be sprayed, and the progress of the spraying may be faster than by spraying without any accelerator.
Prior art.
Sodium silicate and -aluminate, potassium silicate and -aluminate have been used as an accelerator. Such substances lead to alkalic reactions in the concrete, and there is a danger of alkaline-siiicium reaction on the aggregates in the concrete, which may have a detrimental effect with respect to the durability of the concrete. The reaction takes place when Na + and K+ are present in excessive amounts, and when the aggregates are reactive. The reaction usually appears after a long time, for instance 10 to 1 5 years, and may then have caused considerable damage in the concrete.
Also non-alkalic accelerators are used, for instance on basis of aluminium hydroxide, but these accelerators are not liquid. Although such powder accelerators can be used to prepare a liquid slurry and dosed i a liquid state, - there are large problems related to durability during storage and the application.
Summary of the invention.
In accordance with the present invention it has been realized that as an accelerator or constituents in an accelerator can be used litium silicate and/or litium aluminate, and /or aluminium in acid or basic solution, with anions or cations which are not aggressive to concrete, and/or aluminium oxalate. The accelerator may comprise aluminium formiate and aluminium nitrate, in the form of pure salts or mixtures.
By use of such accelerators alone, or mixed with sodium- or potassium silicate/sodium- or potassium aluminate, no or only a limited alkalic reaction in the concrete takes place. These accelerators may, thus, be used alone or together with sodium silicate and/or sodium aluminate and/ or potassium silicate and/or potassium aluminate, whereby the addition of silicates or aluminates which cause alkalic reactions is eliminated or reduced.
In view of the high cost of litium the litium silicate or-aluminate alone should only be used in particular cases.
When the accelerator consists of or comprises oxalic acid or oxalate there will, when the accelerator is added to gunite, be formed potassium oxalate due to the potassium contents in the concrete. The potassium oxalate constitutes a nearly inert filler substituent, which is heavily soluble. When the accelerator contains or consists of aluminium oxalate, aluminium iones are brought into the concrete. The aluminium oxalate may form a part of an aqueous solution, which may also contain other aluminium salts which in small amounts do not have any detrimental effect, for instance sulfate or nitrate.
In the method according to the invention two or more accelerators are added selectively by being admitted to a spray mouthpiece for gunite in separate conduits, for adjusting of the rate of mixture between two or more -accelerators. Alternatively, or in addition, substituents may be added to the gunite prior to the reaching of the spray mouthpiece, in order that the constituents have more time to react prior to the spraying of the gunite.
Moreover, for instance viscosity- or consistency adjusters, or solidification adjusters, may be added, such as polyethylene oxides and small amounts of naphtalene sulphanates, for instance thixotropying means which by being added immediately prior to the spraying alter the consistency of the gunite from liquid and well pumpable and sprayable to viscous and thixotropic.
The equipment according to the invention is adapted for addition of selective amounts of two or more accelerators, consistency adjusters or solidification adjusters during spraying of gunite. The equipment can permit addition to a spray mouthpiece and/or addition to the gunite prior to its arrival at the mouthpiece. Thereby for instance litium silicate or- aluminate, aluminium in solution or aluminium oxalate, respectively, can be added alone when it is desired to avoid any alcaline silicium reaction on the aggegates. In cases, or on places where a certain reaction is accepted, litium silicate or- aluminate, or aluminium in solution, or aluminium oxalate may be added together with accelerators based on sodium or potassium, and the mixture rate can be determined automatically or by the spray operator.
Thus, the equipment according to the invention comprises a gunite spray mouthpiece, to which is coupled a conduit for admission of gunite, and to which are coupled two or more conduits for accelerator, possibly consistency adjusters or solidification adjusters, with means for selective adjustment of the flow in each conduit, for instance valves which can be controlled automatically or operated manually by an operator. The spray mouthpiece may be extended rearwardly and be provided with one or more couplings spaced from the mouth of the mouthpiece, or one or more conduits may be provided with a coupling, which also is situated spaced from the mouth of the mouthpiece.
-Brief disclosure of the drawing.
Two examples of spray mouthpieces according to the invention are shown diagrammatically on the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 shows spray equipment for selective addition of two accelerators. Fig. 2 shows spray equipment for selective addition of three accelerators.
Description of examples of embodiments. Each of the three examples of spray equipment according to the invention comprises a spray mouthpiece 1 , a mixing chamber 2, a supply conduit 3 for liquid concrete and a pressurized air conduit 4.
Fig. 1 shows two supply conduits 5, 7 for accelerator, with a control valve 6, 8 for each of the conduits 5, 7. Thus, accelerators can be added selectively through the conduits 5 and 7. One of the conduits 5, 7 can be shut off, for addition of only one accelerator, through the other conduit.
Fig. 2 also shows a supply conduit 9 coupled to the conduit 7, and the conduit 9 also has a control valve 10. This gives increased possibilities for selective addition. One of the conduits 5, 7, 9 can be used for addition of a consistency adjusting means or a thixotropying means.
Under all circumstances the mixture of gunite, accelerator/accelerators and possible solidification adjusting means or consistency adjusting means (flow- or thixotropying means) is driven out through the mouthpiece 1 . The operator can choose the additives and the rate of mixture therebetween by means of the valves 6, 8, 10, or the valves may be controlled automatically.
Claims
1. Accelerator or an accelerator constituent for addition to gunite, c h a racte rized i n that it consists of litium silicates and/or litium aluminates, and /or aluminium in acid or basic solution, with anions or cations which are not aggressive to concrete, and/or aluminium oxalate.
2. Accelerator or constituent according to claim 1, c h a ra ct e rized i n comprising aluminium formiate and aluminium nitrate, in the form of pure salts or mixtures.
3. A method of adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite, cha racterized in adding at least two of said constituents are added selectively by being admitted to a spray mouthpiece for gunite in separate conduits, for adjusting of the rate of mixture between two or more constituents during the spraying.
4. A method according to claim 3, c h a ra cte ri zed i n adding at least two of said constituents at a location rearwardly spaced from the mouthpiece.
5. Equipment for adding an accelerator and/or consistency adjusting or solidification adjusting means to gunite during spraying, comprising a spray- mouthpiece and a conduit coupled to the mouthpiece for admission of gunite, c h a ra cte rized i n that two or more conduits (5, 7, 9) are coupled to the mouthpiece (1) for said constituents, with means for selective adjustment of the flow in each conduit, for instance valves (6, 8, 10) which can be controlled automatically or operated manually by an operator. -
6. Equipment according to claim 5, c h a ra cte ri z ed i n comprising means for addition of at least one of said constituents in a distance from the spray mouthpiece.
7. Equipment according to claim 6, c ha ra cte ri zed i n that the spray mouthpiece has an extension rearwardly from the mouth and that at least one conduit for addition to the gunite is coupled to the extension.
8. Equipment according to claim 6 eller 7, c h a ra cte r ized i n that at least one of said conduits for said constituents is coupled to the conduit for addition of gunite in a distance rearwardly from the mouthpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU24135/97A AU2413597A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-25 | Addition of accelerators in gunite |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO961277A NO961277D0 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
| NO961277 | 1996-03-29 | ||
| NO962925 | 1996-07-12 | ||
| NO962925A NO962925L (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-07-12 | Spray Concrete Accelerator, and Methods and Equipment for Addition to Spray Concrete |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997036839A1 true WO1997036839A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
Family
ID=26648653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NO1997/000082 WO1997036839A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-25 | Addition of accelerators in gunite |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2413597A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO962925L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997036839A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1095922A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-02 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Low viscosity, stabilised set and hardening accelerators |
| US6251892B1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2001-06-26 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-oxides of heterocyclic esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones |
| WO2013006662A1 (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-10 | Fmc Corporation | Lithium-based concrete admixtures for controlling alkali-silica reactions with enhanced set-time control |
| WO2014048871A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Yara International Asa | Antifreeze composition for producing a durable concrete in cold temperature conditions |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4046357A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1977-09-06 | Construction Systems & Equipment, Inc. | Shotcrete accelerator injection apparatus and method |
| EP0289721A2 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-09 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for continuously proportioning powdered materials using a gas under pressure |
| US5246163A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1993-09-21 | Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method of applying quick setting spray materials |
| DE19534929A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-03-21 | Sandoz Ag | Rapid setting cement preparations |
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 NO NO962925A patent/NO962925L/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-03-25 WO PCT/NO1997/000082 patent/WO1997036839A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-03-25 AU AU24135/97A patent/AU2413597A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4046357A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1977-09-06 | Construction Systems & Equipment, Inc. | Shotcrete accelerator injection apparatus and method |
| EP0289721A2 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-09 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for continuously proportioning powdered materials using a gas under pressure |
| US5246163A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1993-09-21 | Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method of applying quick setting spray materials |
| DE19534929A1 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-03-21 | Sandoz Ag | Rapid setting cement preparations |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6251892B1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2001-06-26 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-oxides of heterocyclic esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones |
| US6486151B2 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2002-11-26 | Gpi Nil Holdings Inc. | N-oxides of heterocyclic esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones |
| EP1095922A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-02 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Low viscosity, stabilised set and hardening accelerators |
| WO2013006662A1 (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-10 | Fmc Corporation | Lithium-based concrete admixtures for controlling alkali-silica reactions with enhanced set-time control |
| WO2014048871A1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-03 | Yara International Asa | Antifreeze composition for producing a durable concrete in cold temperature conditions |
| US9376342B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2016-06-28 | Yara International Asa | Antifreeze composition for producing a durable concrete in cold temperature conditions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO962925D0 (en) | 1996-07-12 |
| NO962925L (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| AU2413597A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
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