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WO1997037540A1 - Procede permettant d'eloigner les oiseaux du gazon dru - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'eloigner les oiseaux du gazon dru Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997037540A1
WO1997037540A1 PCT/US1997/005662 US9705662W WO9737540A1 WO 1997037540 A1 WO1997037540 A1 WO 1997037540A1 US 9705662 W US9705662 W US 9705662W WO 9737540 A1 WO9737540 A1 WO 9737540A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
polycyclic quinone
composition
polycyclic
herbicides
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/005662
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth E. Ballinger, Jr.
Bruce Dale Riggle
Original Assignee
Bio-Technical Resources L.P.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bio-Technical Resources L.P. filed Critical Bio-Technical Resources L.P.
Priority to AU24418/97A priority Critical patent/AU2441897A/en
Publication of WO1997037540A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997037540A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for deterring birds from feeding on areas of grassy turf and compositions therefor.
  • the invention is directed to such deterrent method by which the birds are not harmed.
  • the present invention relates to deterring birds from feeding on areas of grassy turf, such as golf courses, campuses, cemeteries and airports, and to reduce public nuisances and potential public health and safety problems associated with roosting birds.
  • Birds can frequently become a nuisance and cause substantial damage to pedestrian traveled areas such as golf courses, cemeteries and campuses. These areas, which require substantial upkeep, especially golf courses, suffer much due to birds feeding, nesting and gathering on them. For example, the birds eat seed which is spread for upkeep of the turf. They can also become a distraction because of the noise a flock can generate. Birds also become a nuisance because of the fecal deposits they leave. The fecal deposits are not only a nuisance due to the mess they cause, but also a public health concern due to the parasites and/or the disease that live in and spread from the droppings.
  • Roosting birds can cause "bird strikes” whereby many birds take flight near aircraft that are taking off or landing,
  • present invention is directed to a method for deterring birds from grassy areas in a manner that is not only effective, but also does not harm the birds or other animals that may come into contact with the treated areas.
  • the invention is directed to a method for deterring birds from feeding on areas of grassy turf comprising applying to the blades of grass a particulated coating of solid particles of specially defined polycyclic quinones. More particularly, the invention is also directed to four methods by which the polycyclic quinones can be applied to grassy turf to bring about the deterrent effect, as follows:
  • Finely divided solid particles of polycyclic quinone are applied to the grass in dry form;
  • Finely divided solid particles of polycyclic quinone are applied to the grass as an aqueous suspension
  • a soluble precursor of solid polycyclic quinone is dissolved in an aqueous medium and applied to the grass surface. Upon drying, the polycyclic quinone is converted to the solid active form;
  • Solid, water-soluble particles of an agriculturally active coadjuvant are coated with a discontinuous particulated layer of particles of polycyclic quinone and applied to the grass.
  • the Drawing consists of two sheets.
  • the first sheet contains Figures 1(a) through 1(e), in which various particulated forms of polycyclic quinone are depicted schematically.
  • the second sheet contains Figure 2, which is a graphical representation of the data obtained in Example 2.
  • polycyclic quinone refers to bicyclic, tricyclic and tetracyclic condensed ring quinones and hydroquinones, as well as precursors thereof.
  • PCQs non-ionic polycyclic quinones and polycyclic hydroquinones
  • PCQs such PCQs
  • Such precursors are anionic salts of PCQs which are water soluble under alkaline anaerobic conditions. However, these materials are not stable and are easily converted to the insoluble quinone form upon exposure to air. Thus, when anionic PCQs are applied to grass and exposed to air, they are quickly changed to the water soluble, more active quinone form.
  • water-insoluble PCQs which can be used in the invention are anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, anthrone(9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-anthracene), 10- methylene-anthrone, phenanthrenequinone and the alkyl, alkoxy and amino derivatives of such quinones, 6,1 l-dioxo-lH-anthra[l ,2-c]pyrazole, anthraquinone- 1 ,2-naphthacridone, 7, 12-dioxo-7, 12-dihydroanthra[l ,2- b]pyrazine, 1 ,2-benzanthraquinone, 2,7-dimethylanthraquinone, 2- methylanthraquinone, 3 -methylanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone and 1- methoxy anthraquinone.
  • PCQs which can be used include insoluble anthraquinone compounds such as 1 ,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone, 1-amino-anthraquinone, 1-chloro- anthraquinone, 2-chloro-anthraquinone, 2-chloro-3-carboxyl-anthraquinone, 1- hydroxy-anthraquinone and unsubstituted anthraquinone.
  • Various ionic derivatives of these materials can be prepared by catalytic reduction in aqueous alkali.
  • anthrahydroquinone compound refers to compounds comprising the basic tricyclic structure such as tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone.
  • Anthrahydroquinone itself is 9,10- dihydroxy anthracene.
  • both water-insoluble and water-soluble forms of PCQs can be used.
  • the non- ionic compounds are largely insoluble in aqueous systems, while ionic derivatives, such as di-alkali metal salts, are largely soluble in water.
  • the water soluble forms are stable only in high pH anaerobic fluids. Low pH fluids (pH less than about 9-10) will result in the formation of the insoluble molecular anthrahydroquinone. Aerobic solutions will incur oxidation of the anthrahydroqumones to anthraquinone. Thus, anthrahydroqumones will not exist for long periods of time in an aerated environment such as that which is experienced by spraying. For these reasons, anthrahydroquinone treatments are usually implemented with the soluble ionic form in a caustic solution. Sodium hydroxide solutions are preferred over the hydroxides of other alkali metals for economic reasons.
  • the particle in Figure 1(a) would be accessible because it is sufficiently small.
  • the particle in Figure 1(b) would be less effective because it is too large to be sensed effectively.
  • the smooth continuous coating in Figure 1(c) would create little or no taste sensation because the large continuous surface would not have adequate access to the bird's taste sensors.
  • the continuous coating shown in Figure 1(d) would create at least moderate taste sensation because the protrusions are sufficiently small to be tasted. In this situation, the PCQ in the protrusions would be effective, but the PCQ in the main body of the coating would be less so, if at all.
  • the size of the particles can be readily controlled. When such particles are applied as a single layer of particles, substantially all of the PCQ would be effective. However, if the particles are applied as a multiple of particle layers, essentially only the top layer would be effective.
  • An important aspect of this analysis is that it is not important that the PCQ be applied as continuous covering. To the contrary, it is better that the coating of PCQ particles be discontinuous, at least on a micro scale, to enable functional exposure of the stomata of the foliage.
  • the particles to be effective must be "particulated" in the sense that they contain areas which are accessible to the bird's taste apparatus.
  • the melting temperature of the active PCQ component should be at least about 150C and preferably at least 200C. Even when the active PCQ material possesses the above-described preferred physical properties, the material may have poor persistence because it does not adhere well to the plant surface to which it is applied. This is a function of the different surface properties of the foliage and the PCQ material. When this problem occurs, it is further preferred that the formulation contain a "sticking agent," i.e., a material which itself has good adhesion to the substrate and when mixed with the active material causes the PCQ to adhere to the substrate more firmly.
  • a "sticking agent” i.e., a material which itself has good adhesion to the substrate and when mixed with the active material causes the PCQ to adhere to the substrate more firmly.
  • Preferred sticking agents are aqueous polymer latices, which upon evaporation of the water therefrom, form a polymeric mass which is highly adhesive to the plant surface and holds particles of the active material firmly on the plant surface.
  • Such latex sticking agents typically contain a small amount of surfactant dissolved in the aqueous phase.
  • PCQ compounds which have been tested for use in the invention are essentially non-toxic, i.e, they have an LD 50 of at least 2,000 mg/kg in rats and preferably an LD 50 in rats of 5,000 mg/kg or higher.
  • LD 50 acute oral toxicity, 5 male and 5 female Wistar rats, single dose, 50% solution in corn, 5,000 mg/kg body weight.
  • PCQs are not toxic to most insects or to birds, animals and humans.
  • the toxicity level is sufficiently low that any active material that becomes leached into the soil will not be detrimental to the normal constituents of fertile soil layers.
  • the PCQ active material can be formulated in the form of powdery solids which can be applied by conventional spreaders, e.g., trough spreaders, such as those used for planting grass seed, and by centrifugal (spinning disk) spreaders. Still in powder form, the PCQs can be sprayed as powders, either neat or in combination with solid powder extenders and/or various coadjuvants.
  • the PCQs when they are in powder form, they can be dispersed in a liquid media, especially water, and sprayed as a liquid suspension.
  • water-soluble precursors of the PCQs when used, they can be dissolved in water for dilution and then applied by spraying in the usual manner. The aeration, which occurs during spraying is sufficient to convert the soluble salt to the more active water-insoluble form.
  • solid or liquid coadjuvants can be used.
  • water-soluble coadjuvants can be dissolved in the liquid medium or water-insoluble coadjuvant particles can be suspended in the liquid medium along with PCQ and/or PCQ precursor. Nevertheless, it will ordinarily be necessary to spray new plant growth to avoid reinfestation by whatever birds are being encountered.
  • dispersion media other than water
  • safe, degradable oils such as vegetable oils
  • water it is much preferred to use water.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for application to all common forms of grass.
  • the invention can be utilized to deter birds from feeding on all of the Species of the following listed Genus: Agropyron, Agrostis, Axonopus, Bouteloua, Buchloe, Cynodobn, Eremochloa, Festuca, Lolium, Paspalum, Poa, Stenotaphrum, and Zoysia.
  • EXAMPLE Example 1 A formulation containing 50% wt., basis total formulation, of 9,10- anthraquinone dispersed in water with a small amount of surfactant and thickener was prepared and sprayed onto untreated grassy turf in an area where geese normally feed. One-third acre of turf was treated with areas of untreated turf bordering on both sides of the treated area. The dispersed anthraquinone particles were applied at a rate of 1 pint/acre (approximately 50 mg/m 2 ) on the treated area. The test areas were observed for approximately four weeks to determine the effects of the treated versus the untreated areas. The differences in the effects of the treated area versus the untreated area were easily noted.
  • Geese feeding in the untreated areas were unaffected and exhibited normal behavior as they fed and were not repelled. Geese that entered the treated area began to feed, but immediately ceased eating, exited the treated area, entered a nearby pond and began to wash or rinse themselves. After this exhibited behavior, none of the geese feeding on the untreated areas entered the treated areas. The geese were repelled from the treated area for approximately two weeks until the turf was cut. After cutting, another treatment was applied. The dispersed anthraquinone particles were applied at a rate of 1/2 pint/acre (approximately 25 mg/m 2 ) in the same manner of treating one strip of turf bordered by untreated turf. The same repellency was exhibited. The test was continued for approximately two weeks. The test was concluded due to snow.
  • Example 2 A grassy test site having an area of 6.2 acres was selected within the grounds of a large campus style research complex having a substantial flock of geese in residence, which numbers 250-300 geese during the day and as many as 500 geese in the evening hours.
  • the site was observed beforehand to determine the times during which the maximum number of geese were on the test site. Observations were conducted at the same time(s) each day in such manner that the behavior of the geese could be observed without disturbance.
  • the number of droppings in selected areas of the site were counted each day, recorded and then removed from the test area by raking.
  • the above-described goose repellent composition was sprayed on the test area using a calibrated spray tank and a fan-shaped head sprayer.
  • the liquid spray contained one gallon of repellent per 140 gallons of water and the rate of application was 2.77 pounds per acre of the mixture. In the absence of rain, the applied composition fully dried on the blades of grass within 24 hours.
  • the goose counts taken in the afternoon were from about 45 to 305 geese with an average of about 150 geese.
  • the goose count was about 110 the following day, but dropped to zero a day later. More complete test data are given in Figure 3 of the Drawing.
  • Example 2 Since completion of the tests carried out in Example 2, it has been noted that the number of geese in the treated area, as compared to the number in the surrounding untreated areas, remained quite low for a period more than 3 months following the treatment. This phenomenon was quite unexpected in view of the fact that the treating material in the test area had been largely dissipated by heavy rains. Such prolonged deterrent effect is believed to be a result of memory by the geese who had initially been exposed to the polycyclic quinone treating material.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à des compositions destinés à empêcher les oiseaux de se nourrir sur les zones de gazon dru. Ledit procédé consiste à appliquer sur les brins d'herbe un revêtement particulaire constitué de particules solides composées de quinones polycycliques spécialement définies.
PCT/US1997/005662 1996-04-10 1997-04-04 Procede permettant d'eloigner les oiseaux du gazon dru WO1997037540A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU24418/97A AU2441897A (en) 1996-04-10 1997-04-04 Method of deterring birds from grassy turf

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63387896A 1996-04-10 1996-04-10
US08/633,878 1996-04-10
US81286997A 1997-03-06 1997-03-06
US08/812,869 1997-03-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997037540A1 true WO1997037540A1 (fr) 1997-10-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/005662 WO1997037540A1 (fr) 1996-04-10 1997-04-04 Procede permettant d'eloigner les oiseaux du gazon dru

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU2441897A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997037540A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998017114A1 (fr) * 1996-10-22 1998-04-30 Dcv, Inc. Procede visant a reduire les degats entraines par des insectes herbivores sur les plantes
WO1999031295A1 (fr) * 1996-08-09 1999-06-24 Bio-Technical Resources L.P. Procede pour empecher la corrosion d'origine microbienne
WO2000065912A1 (fr) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-09 Dcv, Inc. Methode permettant de detourner les oiseaux de parcelles gazonnees
WO2001078510A1 (fr) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Arkion Life Sciences Procede pour eloigner les oiseaux de surfaces vegetales et structurelles
WO2000002442A3 (fr) * 1998-07-09 2001-11-29 Dcv Inc Produit et procede permettant d'ameliorer l'etat sanitaire d'oiseaux
US8101400B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2012-01-24 Grasslanz Technology Limited Grass based avian deterrent
US9999220B2 (en) * 2014-01-13 2018-06-19 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Method for repelling rodents
US10149476B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2018-12-11 Grasslanz Technology Ltd Pesticidal plant extract containing loline derivatives

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE743517C (de) * 1940-06-20 1943-12-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Saatschutzmittel gegen Vogelfrass
US3663253A (en) * 1968-10-15 1972-05-16 Rufus John Stone Deterrent compositions
DE2804563A1 (de) * 1978-02-03 1979-08-09 Guenter Dipl Chem Dr Koenig Mittel gegen knospenfrass an nutz- und bluetenstraeuchern
GB1601226A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-10-28 Fisons Ltd Method and compositions for combating insects and birds

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE743517C (de) * 1940-06-20 1943-12-28 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Saatschutzmittel gegen Vogelfrass
US3663253A (en) * 1968-10-15 1972-05-16 Rufus John Stone Deterrent compositions
DE2804563A1 (de) * 1978-02-03 1979-08-09 Guenter Dipl Chem Dr Koenig Mittel gegen knospenfrass an nutz- und bluetenstraeuchern
GB1601226A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-10-28 Fisons Ltd Method and compositions for combating insects and birds

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C. TOMLIN (ED.): "The Pesticide Manual", BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL, XP002035598 *
R. WEGLER (ED.): "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel. Volume 1", 1970, SPRINGER-VERLAG, BERLIN, XP002035599 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999031295A1 (fr) * 1996-08-09 1999-06-24 Bio-Technical Resources L.P. Procede pour empecher la corrosion d'origine microbienne
MY119397A (en) * 1996-10-22 2005-05-31 Arkion Life Sciences Method for controlling plant damage by insect herbivores
AU739222B2 (en) * 1996-10-22 2001-10-04 Arkion Life Sciences Llc Method for controlling plant damage by insect herbivores
WO1998017114A1 (fr) * 1996-10-22 1998-04-30 Dcv, Inc. Procede visant a reduire les degats entraines par des insectes herbivores sur les plantes
CN1111353C (zh) * 1996-10-22 2003-06-18 Dcv公司 控制由食草昆虫引起的植物病害的方法
WO2000002442A3 (fr) * 1998-07-09 2001-11-29 Dcv Inc Produit et procede permettant d'ameliorer l'etat sanitaire d'oiseaux
AU761897B2 (en) * 1998-07-09 2003-06-12 Arkion Life Sciences Llc Product and method for improving avian health
WO2000065912A1 (fr) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-09 Dcv, Inc. Methode permettant de detourner les oiseaux de parcelles gazonnees
JP2003530408A (ja) * 2000-04-14 2003-10-14 アルキオン ライフ サイエンシズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 植物および構造物の表面から鳥を防止する方法
WO2001078510A1 (fr) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Arkion Life Sciences Procede pour eloigner les oiseaux de surfaces vegetales et structurelles
AU2001245981B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2005-12-22 Arkion Life Sciences Method of deterring birds from plant and structural surfaces
US10149476B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2018-12-11 Grasslanz Technology Ltd Pesticidal plant extract containing loline derivatives
US8101400B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2012-01-24 Grasslanz Technology Limited Grass based avian deterrent
US9485952B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2016-11-08 Grasslanz Technology Limited Grass based avian deterrent
US9999220B2 (en) * 2014-01-13 2018-06-19 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Method for repelling rodents

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Publication number Publication date
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