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WO1998006570A1 - Textiles structurels industriels, composites et non tisses - Google Patents

Textiles structurels industriels, composites et non tisses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998006570A1
WO1998006570A1 PCT/US1997/006355 US9706355W WO9806570A1 WO 1998006570 A1 WO1998006570 A1 WO 1998006570A1 US 9706355 W US9706355 W US 9706355W WO 9806570 A1 WO9806570 A1 WO 9806570A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
textile
yarns
mesh structural
bonded composite
yarn
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/006355
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Edward Stevenson
Jeffrey W. Bruner
Original Assignee
The Tensar Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Tensar Corporation filed Critical The Tensar Corporation
Priority to AU26726/97A priority Critical patent/AU2672697A/en
Publication of WO1998006570A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998006570A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/006—With additional leno yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/49—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads textured; curled; crimped
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/587—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesive; fusible
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D19/00—Gauze or leno-woven fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/062—Load-responsive characteristics stiff, shape retention
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles which may be a closed structure (i.e., tightly woven), or may contain as much as 10% open area in a regularly distributed pattern over the textile, or may contain certain deliberately designed apertures in a repeating pattern, and which is primarily designed for use as structural load bearing elements in earthwork construction applications such as earth retention systems (in which the load bearing element is used to internally reinforce steeply inclined earth or construction fill materials to improve their structural stability) , foundation improvement systems (in which the load bearing element is used to support and/or internally reinforce earth or foundation fill materials to improve their load bearing capacity) , pavement improvement systems (in which the load bearing element is used to internally reinforce flexible pavements or to support rigid modular paving units to improve their structural performance and extend their useful service lives) or erosion protection systems (in which the load bearing element is used to confine or internally reinforce earth or construction fill materials in structures which are subject to erosion or which prevent erosion elsewhere by dissipating wave energy in open water) . While the materials of this invention have many other diverse applications, they have been primarily
  • Geogrids and geotextiles are polymeric materials used as load bearing, separation or filtration elements in many earthwork construction applications. Geogrids are grid-like polymeric materials typically having about 75 to 90% open area. Geotextiles are permeable textiles typically having up to about 10% open area. There are four general types of materials used in such applications: 1) integrally formed structural geogrids; 2) woven or knitted textiles; 3) open mesh woven or knitted textiles; and 4) non-woven textiles.
  • Integrally formed structural geogrids are formed by extruding a flat sheet of polymeric material, punching apertures in the sheet in a generally square or rectangular pattern and then uniaxially or biaxially stretching the apertured sheet, or by extruding an integrally formed mesh structure which constitutes a sheet with apertures in a generally square or rectangular pattern and then uniaxially or biaxially stretching the apertured sheet.
  • Woven or knitted textiles are formed by mechanically interweaving or interlinking polymeric fibers or fiber bundles with conventional textile weaving or knitting technologies. Open mesh woven textiles are formed in this same manner and are normally coated in a subsequent process.
  • Non- woven textiles are produced by forming a fibrous web or batt which is subsequently bonded, often by needling, and in some processes the entangled polymeric fibers are then re-oriented in a biaxial stretching process, calendared and/or heat fused.
  • Integrally formed structural geogrids are well known in the market and are an accepted embodiment in many earthwork construction applications.
  • Open mesh woven or knitted textiles generally characterized and marketed as textile geogrids, compete directly with integrally formed structural geogrids in many applications and have also established an accepted position in earthwork construction markets. Competition between either of these "geogrid" materials and conventional woven or knitted textiles is less frequent.
  • Woven or knitted textiles with low basis weight tend to be used in separation and filtration applications.
  • Woven or knitted textiles with high basis weight tend to be used in load bearing applications which are tolerant to the load-elongation properties of such materials and which can beneficially use the high ultimate tensile strength of such materials.
  • Non-woven textiles are generally subject to very high elongation under load and are not normally used in load bearing earthwork construction applications. Competition between either "geogrids" or woven or knitted textiles used in reintorcing applications and non-woven textiles is negligible.
  • integrally formed structural geogrids and woven or knitted textiles exhibit high structural integrity with high initial modulus, high junction strength and high flexural and torsional stiffness.
  • Their rigid structure and substantial cross sectional profile also facilitate direct mechanical keying with construction fill materials, with contiguous sections of themselves when overlapped and embedded in construction fill materials and with rigid mechanical connectors such as bodkins, pins or hooks.
  • Integrally formed structural geogrids interact with soil or particulate construction fill materials by the process of the soil or construction fill materials penetrating the apertures of the rigid, integrally formed geogrid. The result is that the geogrid and the soil or construction fill materials act together to form a solid, continuously reinforced matrix. Both the longitudinal load bearing members and the transverse load bearing members and the continuity of strength between the longitudinal and the transverse load bearing members of the geogrid are essential in this continuous, matrix-like interlocking and reinforcing process. If the junction between the longitudinal and the transverse load bearing members fails, the geogrid ceases to function in this manner and the confinement and reinforcement effects are greatly reduced. Their rigid structure also facilitates their use over very weak or wet subgrades where placement of such load bearing materials and subsequent placement of construction fill materials is difficult.
  • the woven or knitted materials exhibit higher overall elongation under load, lower initial modulus, softer hand and greater flexibility. With sufficient increase in the number- of fibers or fiber bundles comprising their structure they are capable of achieving higher ultimate tensile strength than integrally formed structural geogrids.
  • Woven or knit geotextiles interact with soil or particulate matter by generating a high soil/textile friction angle. This bond between soil and textile reinforcement is defined by a resistance to pull out of the reinforcement and results in the transfer of the load from the soil to the textile reinforcement which is placed in axial tension by the load transfer.
  • individual panels of woven or knit geotextile are sewn together.
  • a geotextile seam will exhibit mechanical properties, particularly tensile, which are 50% of the unsewn textile strength.
  • the attributes which are most pertinent to the use of polymeric materials in structural load bearing earthwork construction applications are:
  • the limitations which woven or knitted textiles exhibit with respect to the first three attributes listed above primarily result from a lack of rigidity and tautness in the fibers or fiber bundles of these materials in which many separate fibers or fiber bundles are interlinked, interwoven or entangled in a manner which is characteristic of a woven or knitted structure and which does not cause the load bearing fibers or fiber bundles to be either taut or di ensionally stable relative to each other.
  • the limitations which such materials exhibit with respect to the fourth attribute listed above primarily result from degradation of their base polymer by ultra violet or environmental attack.
  • Bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles are woven textiles formed from at least two and preferably three independent but complementary polymeric components.
  • the first component, the load bearing element is a high tenacity, high initial modulus, low elongation monofilament or multifilament polymeric fiber or bundle of such fibers with each fiber being of homogenous or bicomponent structure.
  • bicomponent fibers or fiber bundles are used to form such load bearing elements it is possible to achieve improved resistance to degradation (i.e., loss of key properties) when such materials are subject to installation and long term environmental stress in use (i.e.
  • the second component, a bonding element is an independent polymeric material in monofilament or multifilament form and of homogenous or bicomponent structure which is used to encapsulate and/or bond the load bearing fibers thereby strengthening the composite material, stiffening the composite material, increasing its resistance to elongation under load and increasing its resistance to degradation when subject to installation or long term environmental stress.
  • the third component when used, is an effect or bulking fiber which increases the cross section of the bonded composite structural textile thereby further increasing its stiffness and increasing its effectiveness in mechanically interlocking (keying) with particulate construction fill materials.
  • a plurality of warp fibers (commonly referred to as yarns) are closely interwoven with a plurality of weft yarns.
  • the weave preferably includes a half cross or full cross leno weave. At least a portion of the warp and weft yarns are first component load bearing yarns.
  • the second polymer component is used as required for the bonding properties necessary for the finished product.
  • the effect or bulking yarns are used as warp and/or weft yarns and/or leno yarns.
  • the effect or bulking yarns increase friction with adjacent yarns to provide better stability and structural integrity in the overall material. Two or more effect or bulking yarns interlacing with one another provide the greatest stability.
  • the effect or bulking yarns also provide the desired bulk in the textile and relatively thick cross sectional profile for the finished product to improve its stability and its effectiveness in mechanically establishing a high friction angle with particulate construction fill materials.
  • the second component may be incorporated into the textile in several ways.
  • the second component may be provided by a fusible bonding yarn, either monofilament or multifilament, which is preferably a bicomponent yarn having a low melting temperature sheath and a high melting temperature core.
  • the fusible bonding yarns may be used as warp and/or weft yarns and/or leno yarns to provide the improved flexural and torsional stiffness.
  • the second component may be provided by a suitable polymer applied and bonded to the textile by any of a number of different processes after the textile leaves the loom.
  • the second component also may be provided by a combination of a fusible bonding yarn and an additional polymeric material independently applied and bonded to the textile.
  • the woven textile is heated to melt the fusible polymer component, i.e., to melt the monofilament and/or multifilament bonding fibers or the sheath of the bicomponent bonding fibers. This causes the fusible polymer component to flow around and encapsulate the other components of the textile and protects, strengthens and stiffens the overall structure.
  • the woven textile is impregnated with a suitable polymer which flows around and encapsulates the other components of the textile. The impregnated textile is then heated to dry and/or cure the polymer to bond the yarns which protects, strengthens and stiffens the overall structure.
  • a polymer sheet or web is applied to the woven textile and heated to melt the sheet or web causing the polymer to flow around and encapsulate the yarn components of the textile and protect, strengthen and stiffen the overall structure.
  • the materials produced according to the present invention can also be modified for various applications by selection of the type and number and location of the first component load bearing yarns and the type and number and location of the second component fusible bonding yarns and/or other independent polymeric bonding materials, and the type and location of the optional third component bulking yarns.
  • the material can be custom tailored for particular applications.
  • Materials produced according to the present invention can also easily be designed and manufactured to achieve specific tensile properties in the longitudinal direction or both the longitudinal and transverse directions. This flexibility enables more efficient use of the instant invention in demanding earthwork applications which often have widely varying and site specific needs.
  • fusible yarns and/or other polymeric bonding materials to increase overall material stiffness and initial modulus also permits increased flexibility in the design of civil engineering structures and commercial use of such materials.
  • Inexpensive bulking yarns may also be used in a variety of economical ways to provide bulk and increased cross sectional profile without sacrificing strength or other desirable characteristics.
  • some or all warp or weft yarn bundles may be selected to provide a thick profile through the addition of bulking yarns or additional strength yarns.
  • the resulting thick profile either in all yarn bundles or in certain selected yarn bundles, for example every sixth weft yarn bundle, will provide improved resistance to pullout.
  • the thick yarn bundle profile in the bonded composite structural textile functions in a manner to increase the soil textile friction angle.
  • Materials produced according to the present invention have a number of advantages compared to conventional woven or knitted textiles, the collective effect of which is to render materials produced according to the present invention much more suitable for use in demanding earthwork construction applications.
  • the primary benefits of the inventive concepts embodied in materials produced according to the present invention are described below:
  • Improved flexural causes the matrix of stiffness transversely oriented load bearing elements in the instant invention to resist in plane deflection, thereby increasing its ease of installation, particularly over very weak or wet subgrades and increasing its capacity to suppor construction fill material initially placed on top of suc subgrades
  • Improved torsional causes the matrix o stiffness transversely oriented loa bearing elements in the instan invention to resist in plane o rotational movement o particulate construction fil materials when subject t dynamic loads such as a movin vehicle causes in an aggregat foundation for a roadwa thereby increasing the loa bearing capacity of th particulate construction fil materials and increasing th efficiency of use of such loa bearing elements in suc demanding earthwor construction applications
  • Figs. 1(a) through 1(e) are exploded schematic plan views of several textile weaves which may be used in the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 2(a) through 2(e) are exploded schematic plan views of several leno weaves which may be used in the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic plan view of a portion of a textile construction for a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention showing a leno weave arranged longitudinally to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic plan view of a portion of a textile construction for a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention showing a leno weave arranged laterally to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded schematic plan view of a portion of a textile construction for a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention showing a leno weave arranged in repeating rectangular patterns to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a retaining wall formed using bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a reinforced embankment constructed over weak foundation soils using bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of reinforced steep slopes which increase the capacity of sludge containment of a sludge containment pond using bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a landfill liner support provided by a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the stability of soil veneer on a slope liner provided by a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a sand or gravel mattress formed of a bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 12-12 in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic sectional view of a toe protection for a steep-walled caisson structure provided by the sand or gravel mattress of Fig. 11.
  • the bidirectional woven textile of the present invention is formed of a plurality of weft, filling or pick yarns and a plurality of warp yarns.
  • the weft yarns are interlaced or interwoven with the warp yarns.
  • Fig. 1(a) illustrates a woven textile 10 in which weft yarns 12 are interlaced with warp yarns 14 in plain weave or over 1 under 1 order (1/1).
  • Fig. 1(b) illustrates a plain weave variation, namely, a rib weave.
  • the woven textile 20 has weft yarns 22 and warp yarns 24 in which the 1 and 1 plain interlacing has been increased to 2 and 2 (2/2) in warp and weft, respectively.
  • Fig. 1(c) illustrates a woven textile 30 having weft yarns 32 and warp yarns 34 interlaced in a simple twill weave (2/2) .
  • Fig. 1(d) illustrates a woven textile 40 in which weft yarns 42 are interlaced with warp yarns 44 in a basket weave (3/3).
  • Fig. 1(e) illustrates a woven textile 50 having weft yarns 52 interwoven with warp yarns 54 in a twill weave (3/3).
  • Figs. 1(a) through 1(e) are merely illustrative of the types of weaves which may be employed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the textiles of the present invention can also be formed using other twill weaves (e.g., 1/2, 2/1, 3/1, 1/3), other basket weaves (e.g., 2x2, 3x2) and the like.
  • the porosity/permeability of a woven textile having a single type of weave such as illustrated in Figs. 1(a) through 1(e) can only be controlled by the selection of the yarns and weave geometry.
  • the porosity/permeability of the textile depends on the size, thickness, and composition of the yarns in combination with the textile structure, i.e., the closeness of the yarns and frequency of interlacings, plus the effect of finishing processes.
  • the bidirectional woven textile may include various leno weave patterns selectively placed in the textile to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • Fig. 2(a) illustrates a half cross leno 110 in which the leno ends of adjacent leno yarns 112 and 114 are twisted in one direction between adjacent weft yarns 116 to form a half twist (180°) between adjacent weft yarns 116.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a half cross leno 110 in which the leno ends of adjacent leno yarns 112 and 114 are twisted in one direction between adjacent weft yarns 116 to form a half twist (180°) between adjacent weft yarns 116.
  • FIG. 2(b) illustrates an upper shed, half cross leno 120 in which the leno yarn 122 is raised to form an opening, or shed, between adjacent weft yarns 126 and through which the leno end of adjacent leno yarn 124 is inserted and twisted to form a half twist between adjacent weft yarns 126.
  • Fig. 2(c) illustrates a one pick leno 130 with two leno ends 132 and 134, drawn into separate leno healds and one joint standard end 136, with leno ends 132 and 134 differently binding and simultaneously changing direction between adjacent weft yarns 138.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an upper shed, half cross leno 120 in which the leno yarn 122 is raised to form an opening, or shed, between adjacent weft yarns 126 and through which the leno end of adjacent leno yarn 124 is inserted and twisted to form a half twist between adjacent weft yarns 126.
  • Fig. 2(c) illustrates
  • FIG. 2(d) illustrates an upper shed, two pick leno 140 having leno yarns 142 and 144 and weft yarns 146.
  • Fig. 2(e) illustrates a one pick leno changing below one pick with one leno end 162, three joint standard ends 164, 166 and 168 and weft yarns 170.
  • Fig. 2(f) illustrates an upper and lower shed, half cross leno 170 with two leno ends 172 and 174, joint standard ends 176 and 178, and weft yarns 180.
  • Figs. 2(a) through 2(f) are merely illustrative of the type of leno weave patterns which may be employed in accordance with the present invention. Figs.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show two arrangements of leno weave patterns to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile in selected regions of the textile.
  • Fig. 3 shows a woven textile 200 having relatively lower porosity regions 202 and 206 woven with the plain weave of Fig. 1(a).
  • the textile 200 also includes a relatively higher porosity region 206 formed from the half cross leno weave of Fig. 2(a). Region 206 extends longitudinally in the warp direction as a vertical stripe. A plurality of the longitudinally extending regions or stripes 206 may be selectively arranged to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the woven textile.
  • Fig. 4 shows a woven textile 210 having relatively lower porosity regions 212 and 214 woven with the twill weave of Fig. 1(c).
  • the textile 210 also includes a relatively higher porosity region 216 formed from the one pick leno weave of Fig. 2(c).
  • Region 216 extends laterally in the weft direction as a horizontal stripe.
  • a plurality of the laterally extending regions or stripes 216 may be selectively arranged to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • leno weaves can be arranged in repeating rectangular patterns, such as schematically illustrated in Fig.
  • the woven textile 300 includes relatively lower porosity areas 302 woven with a weave such as illustrated in Figs. 1(a) through 1(f).
  • the textile 300 also includes relatively higher porosity areas 304 which are rectangular - (square) in shape formed from a leno weave such as illustrated in Figs. 2(a) through 2(f). Areas 304 extend widthwise and lengthwise of the textile in a repeating manner to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the woven textile.
  • the vertical and/or horizontal stripes, or the repeating rectangular-shaped areas will typically occupy an area in the textile up to about 10% of the overall textile as woven.
  • the woven textile may include various partial threading patterns selectively placed in the textile to enhance and control the porosity/permeability of the textile.
  • the warp yarns may be partially threaded to create laterally spaced warp yarn bundles.
  • the weft yarns are fully threaded.
  • the warp yarn bundles are separated by relatively open longitudinal bands containing only weft yarns.
  • the edge warp yarns of each warp yarn bundle may be leno yarns such as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 2(a).
  • the woven textile of the present invention may be formed on any conventional weaving equipment such as rigid rapier looms, flexible rapier looms, projectile looms and the like.
  • a majority of the weft and warp yarns are preferably the load bearing member, namely, the high tenacity, low initial modulus, low elongation mono- or multifilament yarns.
  • Suitable mono- or multifilament yarns are formed from polyester, polyvinylalcohol , nylon, aramid, fiberglass, and polyethylene naphthalate.
  • the yarn fibers may be of homogeneous or bicomponent structure.
  • the load bearing member should have a strength of at least about 5 grams per denier, and preferably at least about 9 to 10 grams per denier.
  • the initial Young's modulus of the load bearing member should be about 100 grams/denier, preferably about 150 to 400 grams/denier.
  • the ultimate elongation of the load bearing member should be less than about 18%, preferably less than about 10%.
  • the load ⁇ eanng_ member will typically have a denier of about 1,000 to 2,000, preferably about 2,000 to 8,000.
  • the textiles can be produced with approximately equal strength and/or friction characteristics in the longitudinal or machine direction and in the lateral or cross- machine direction. Alternatively, the textiles can be produced with greater strength and/or friction characteristics in either the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction. The selection of the strength and friction characteristics of the textiles will be determined based on the requirements of the application design.
  • the fusible bonding yarns are used as warp and/or weft yarns and/or leno yarns as required for the desired bonding properties, and especially the bonding properties needed to form the necessary strength of the textiles.
  • the fusible polymer component flows around and encapsulates other components of the textile bonding and stabilizing the textile structure and protecting the load bearing yarns from abrasion and chemical attack.
  • the fusible yarns will lock the high permeability engineered areas into a stable structure unable to be closed by textile shifting when the hydrostatic pressure increases on the textile in use.
  • fusible yarns will further enhance and secure the stability of the weave structure by locking the yarns into a fixed position so that subsequent handling and soil dynamics under high pressure situations do not move the yarns/weave geometry in situ and substantially modify the permeability of the textiles as produced.
  • the fusible yarn may be a monofilament or multifilament form of yarn and of homogeneous or bicomponent composition.
  • the preferred fusible yarn is a bicomponent yarn such as one having a low melting sheath of polyethylene, polyisophthalic acid or the like, and a high melting core of polyester, polyvinylalcohol or the like.
  • the bicomponent yarn also may be a side-by-side yarn in which two different components (one low melting and one high melting) are fused along the axis and having an asymmetrical cross-section, or -a biconstituent yarn having one component dispersed in a matrix of the other component, the two components having different melting points.
  • the low and high melting components also may be polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively, different melting point polyesters, or polyamide and polyester, respectively.
  • the bicomponent yarn will typically be composed of 30 to 70% by weight of the low melting component, and 70 to 30% by weight of the high melting component.
  • the fusible yarn also may be an extrusion coated yarn having a low melting point coating or a low melting point yarn (e.g., polyethylene) employed in the textile structure side-by-side with other yarns.
  • the textile is impregnated with a suitable polymer after it leaves the loom.
  • the textile may be passed through a polymer bath or sprayed with a polymer.
  • the impregnating material typically comprises an aqueous dispersion of the polymer.
  • the polymer flows around and encapsulates other components of the textile.
  • the impregnated textile is then heated to dry and/or cure the polymer to bond the yarns.
  • the polymer may be a urethane, acrylic, vinyl, rubber or other suitable polymer which will form a bond with the yarns used in the textile.
  • the urethane polymer may be, for example, an aqueous dispersible aliphatic polyurethane, such as a polycarbonate polyurethane, which may be crosslinked to optimize its film properties, such as with an aziridine crosslinker.
  • Suitable urethane polymers and crosslinkers are available commercially from Stahl USA, Peabody, Massachusetts (e.g., UE-41-503 aqueous polyurethane and KM-10-1703 aziridine crosslinker) and Sanncore Industries, Inc.
  • the acrylic polymer may be, for example, a heat reactive acrylic copolymer latex, such as a heat reactive, carboxylated acrylic copolymer latex. Suitable acrylic latexes are available from BF Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio (e.g. , HYCAR ⁇ 26138 latex, HYCAR*26091 latex and HYCAR ® 26171 latex-) .
  • the vinyl polymer may be a polyvinylchloride polymer.
  • the rubber polymer may be neoprene, butyl or styrene-butadiene polymer.
  • a polymer sheet or web is applied to the textile after it leaves the loom and the textile/polymer sheet or web is heated to melt the polymer sheet or web causing the polymer to flow around and encapsulate other components of the textile.
  • the polymer sheet or web is typically in nonwoven form.
  • the polymer sheet or web may be a polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or polyurethane sheet or web.
  • Suitable polymer sheets are available commercially from Bemis Associates Inc. , Shirley, Massachusetts, as heat seal adhesive films.
  • Suitable polymer webs are available commercially from Bostik Inc. , Middleton, Massachusetts (e.g., Series PE 65 web adhesive).
  • the bonding process results in chemical and/or mechanical bonds throughout the structure of the textile.
  • the effect or bulking yarns are used as warp and/or weft yarns and/or leno yarns.
  • the effect or bulking yarns increase friction with adjacent yarns to provide better stability (fiber to fiber cohesion) .
  • Two or more effect or bulking yarns interlacing with one another provide the greatest stability and highest strength.
  • the effect or bulking yarns also provide the desired bulk in the textile and relatively thick profile of the finished product.
  • the bulking yarns can be broken down into two major categories: (1) continuous multifilament textured yarns and (2) staple fiber spun yarns.
  • Textured yarns are produced from conventional yarns by a known air texturing process.
  • the air texturing process uses compressed air to change the texture of a yarn by disarranging and looping the filaments or fibers that make up the yarn bundle.
  • the texturing process merely rearranges the structure of the yarn bundle with little changes in the basic properties of the individual filaments or fibers occurring.
  • the air jet textured bulking yarns are generally made from low cost, partially oriented, polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene yarns or the like.
  • the individual bulking yarn components will typically have a denier of about 150 to 300, preferably about 300 to about 1,000.
  • Friction spun yarns are produced by a new technology known as friction spinning which is more suitable for large diameter, bulky yarns. Friction spinning machines are made by Dr. Ernst Fehrer AG of Linz, Austria, and are commonly known as DREF 2- and DREF 3-type friction spinning machines. Both conventional ring and DREF friction spinning machines can produce 100% staple fiber yarns as well as core spun yarns.
  • the core spun yarns are made by feeding a high tenacity, heavy denier multifilament yarn into the core of the yarn and spinning a staple fiber yarn (polyester, cotton, acrylic, polypropylene, etc.) around the core yarn.
  • the staple fiber covering (exterior or sheath material) could be conventional polyester or a low melting point material (homo- or bicomponent) staple fiber to produce a multifilament, bulking and fusing composite structure all in one yarn.
  • the present invention also contemplates forming composite yarns prior to textile formation in which the load bearing yarn is combined with a fusible bonding yarn or a bulking yarn.
  • Another composite may be formed using air jet texturing in which the load bearing yarn comprises the core and the fusible bonding yarn or bulking yarn is textured.
  • the core is fed with minimal overfeed and with an excess quantity of fusible or bulking yarn with substantially higher overfeed.
  • the compressed air rearranges and loops the filaments or fibers of the fusible yarn or bulking yarn to increase the bulk of the composite yarn.
  • Composite yarns incorporating the load bearing yarn may also be made by known techniques such as twisting or cabling.
  • the fusible yarn, especially of the monofilament type also may be combined with the bulking yarn- prior to textile formation such as by parallel end weaving, or by twisting, cabling or covering (single or double helix cover) . Referring to Figs.
  • the fusible bonding yarn would typically be used as warp yarns, and especially at the selvage (not shown) at each side of the textile.
  • the fusible yarn could be incorporated into the woven textiles illustrated in Figs. 1-5 in many other ways.
  • Enhanced mechanical keying of the woven textile may be accomplished by the use of a number of different yarns/fibers (geometry, type, cross-section and combinations thereof) as well as textile structures.
  • Substantial cross- sectional thicknesses can be selectively engineered into the textile structure in the machine and/or cross-machine direction, preferably in the cross-machine direction, by feeding in multiple types and sizes of yarns.
  • a relatively thin profile, compliant weft yarn can be woven in the cross-machine direction for several inches (4-6 inches) , then the weaving machine (loom) can be programmed to change to a relatively thick profile, non-compliant weft yarn such as a friction spun/core spun large diameter combination filament/staple fiber multico posite coarse yarn up to 4,000 tex (cc 0.15) which is stiff, round and non-compressible offering the textile the maximum increase in cross-sectional area.
  • the diameter of the relatively thick profile, non- compliant yarn will typically be about 130 to 300% or more of the diameter of the relatively thin profile, compliant yarn.
  • varying types and diameters of yarns can be arranged across the width of the fabric to meet the end use requirements.
  • the engineered placement of radically different yarn types and diameters and weave structures directly facilitates enhanced mechanical keying of the textile reinforcement into the soil by increasing the surface area from a uniform thickness to a varying thickness substrate.
  • Horizontal, vertical, diagonal or other multilevel topographies can be engineered into the textile surface to provide varying degrees of resistance to movement of the load bearing element.
  • the improved cross-sectional profile can be enhanced by utilizing high twist multifilament plied yarns, high twist multifilament spun yarns, friction spun composite yarns as well as Hamel twist hollow spindle twisted and plied yarns, together with large diameter monofilament and extrusion coated yarns.
  • Improved initial modulus of the engineered mesh structure can be optimized by Hamel and friction spun/core spun composite yarns with and without fusible fibers in the sheath. Also, the use of hard aqueous dispersible polyurethanes, particularly polycarbonate polyurethanes, with cross-linkers will further increase the modulus. The correct selection of cross-linkers will also improve the flexural and torsional stiffness, adhesion, ultraviolet and hydrolytic stability, and cross-sectional profile of the textile.
  • Friction spun yarns can be engineered to provide unique combinations of fibers/properties for load bearing yarns, bulking fibers and fusible fibers, and to provide improved strength by protecting high modulus load bearing core yarns from shear forces, friction and degradation.
  • Air jet textured yarns are compliant and not suitable for the major profile areas, but are ideally suited for the minor profile areas within the textile. Air jet textured spun yarns could only be used for the major profile areas if plied and heavily twisted to produce round, non- compliant high profile large diameter yarns. In a twisted state, the highly looped fiber structure of the air jet textured yarn would provide fabric stability and mechanical keying with the soil environment due to the fiber loops offering increased surface contact.
  • the woven textile of the present invention also may include electrically conductive components as warp and/or weft yarns.
  • the electrically conductive components may be metal yarns or strips (e.g., copper), polymeric yarns, either monofilament or multifilament, rendered electrically conductive by adding fillers (e.g., carbon black, copper, aluminum) in the polymer during extrusion, an electrically conductive filament of a multifilament yarn, or a polymeric yarn having an electrically conductive coating.
  • the electrically conductive components permit breaks to be detected in the woven textile in a known manner.
  • the electrically conductive components also permit failures in other components of a composite civil engineering structure to be detected.
  • the electrically conductive components also permit the woven textile to be used in electrokinetic and related applications.
  • the woven textile of the present invention can be finished by applying heat energy (e.g., calendaring, radio- frequency energy, microwave energy, infra-red energy and tentering) to the textile to soften the fusible yarn (e.g., the sheath of a bicomponent yarn) , dry and/or cure the polymer impregnating the textile, or melt the polymer sheet or web to lock the yarns and textile material in place.
  • heat energy e.g., calendaring, radio- frequency energy, microwave energy, infra-red energy and tentering
  • the results of the heating or finishing process are: (a) the textile is protected against impact and abrasion;
  • a full range of woven textiles can be engineered from approximately 50 pounds per inch to in excess of 5000 pounds per inch tensile strength. These textiles will possess high strength, low elongation and high structural stability over the full range of tensile strength performance.
  • Fig. 6 shows a retaining wall 400 formed using bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile 402 of the present invention. Foundation or substrate 404 is graded to a desired height and slope. Retaining wall 406 is formed from a plurality of retaining wall elements 406a. A plurality of bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles 402 are attached to the retaining wall 406 at 408. The bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles 402 are separated by a plurality of fill layers 410. Using this construction, random fill 412 is retained and held in place.
  • the retaining wall 406 is illustrated generically as comprising a plurality of courses of modular wall elements 406a such as conventional cementitious modular wall blocks. It is to be understood, however, that similar wall structures can be formed using modular wall blocks formed of other materials, including plastic. Likewise, retaining walls incorporating the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles of this invention can be constructed with cast wall panels or other conventional facing materials. While no detail is shown for connection of the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles to the retaining wall elements, various techniques are conventionally used, including bodkin connections, pins, staples, hooks or the like, all of which may be readily adapted by those of ordinary skill in the art for use with the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles of this invention.
  • bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles 420 of the present invention provide tensile strength that prevents the embankment from failing.
  • Reinforced earth structures may be built to steep - slope angles which are greater than the natural angle of repose of the fill material by the inclusion of bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles.
  • Steep slopes can be used in many applications to decrease the amount of fill required for a given earth structure, increase the amount of usable space at the top of the slope, decrease the intrusion of the toe of the slope into wetlands, etc.
  • a steep slope dike addition is shown.
  • steep slopes 430 the amount of fill required to raise the dike elevation is reduced and the load that is placed on both the existing containment dike 432 and on the soft sludge 434 is also reduced.
  • a dramatic increase in containment capacity is achieved through the use of steep slopes 430 reinforced with bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles 436 of the present invention.
  • the particles of aggregate engage the upper and lower surfaces of the textile.
  • such textile materials are effective to provide a separating or filtering function when embedded in soil or the like.
  • the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles of this invention are especially useful in landfill and industrial waste containment constructions. Regulations require that the base and side slopes of landfills be lined with an impermeable layer to prevent the leachate from seeping into natural ground water below the landfill.
  • landfills are located over terrain which is compressible or collapsible, as in the case of Karst terrain, the synthetic liner will deflect into the depression. This deflection results in additional strains being induced into the liner which can cause failure of the liner and seepage of the leachate into the underlying ground water thus causing contamination.
  • liner 442 support can be provided by positioning the textile 440 immediately below the liner 442. Should any depression 444 occur, the high tensile capacity of the bonded composite engineered mesh structural textile 440 provides a "bridging" affect to span the depression and to minimize the strain induced into the liner 442 thereby helping to protect the landfill system from failure.
  • the textiles of this invention can be used to produce bags, mats, tubes and the like that can be used for revetment construction when filled either with sand, lean concrete, lean sand asphalt, clay granules, etc..
  • Bags can be placed directly on a slope in a single layer, or they can be stacked in a multiple layer running up the slope.
  • a bag blanket revetment consists of one or two layers of bags placed directly on a slope.
  • a stacked bag revetment consists of bags that are stacked pyramid-fashion at the base of a slope.
  • Mattresses are designed for placing directly on a prepared slope.
  • Figs. 11, 12 and 13 illustrate one of the above applications in the form of a mattress.
  • the mattress 460 comprises a plurality of continuously woven parallel tubes 462 filled with sand or gravel 464.
  • the tubes 462 are interconnected and spaced apart by selvage 466.
  • the tubes 462 typically have a diameter of about 10 inches and a length of several feet (e.g. , 25 to 50 feet) .
  • the selvage 466 between adjacent tubes 462 may vary from about 1/2 inch up to several feet (e.g., 10 feet).
  • the selvage 466 at the sides of the mattress 460 may be only a few inches in length (e.g., 5 inches) .
  • the mattress 460 is typically positioned on a filter textile 468 as illustrated in Fig. 11. As shown in Fig. 13, the mattress 460 can be used as a toe protection for a steep-walled caisson structure 470 built on a gravel berm 472 over a sea floor 474 for protection form the sea 476.
  • Bonded composite engineered mesh structural textiles of the present invention also may be used in other applications to reinforce soil or earth structures such as base reinforcement for roadways (e.g., earth, gravel or other particulate materials, base applications, or to reinforce bituminous materials such as asphalt) and airport runways.
  • base reinforcement for roadways e.g., earth, gravel or other particulate materials, base applications, or to reinforce bituminous materials such as asphalt
  • these textiles may be used in the construction of geocells or retaining walls for marine use to control land erosion adjacent to waterways such as rivers, streams, lakes and oceans.
  • the textile materials of this invention have particular utility in earthwork construction applications, they are also adapted for many applications where textile products have been used heretofore.
  • the novel textiles described herein have excellent strength and related characteristics for use in the formulation of gabions. Additionally, they may be readily adapted for use as industrial belting, restraint systems and the like.

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Abstract

Les textiles maillés composites et contrecollés selon l'invention sont formés de textile tissé (10). Ledit textile est constitué d'au moins deux, et de préférence trois, composants. Le premier composant est un fil mono ou multifilament, à faible allongement, à ténacité élevée et à haut module. Le second composant est un polymère se présentant sous forme de fil ou autre, destiné à encapsuler et à lier les fils adjacents. Le troisième composant est éventuellement un fil d'effet ou de voluminosité. Dans le textile tissé (10), plusieurs fils de chaîne (14) sont tissés avec plusieurs fils de trame (12). Au moins une partie des fils de chaîne (14) et de trame (12) constitue des premiers fils de support de composants. Le composant polymère confère les propriétés de liaison nécessaires au produit fini, et permet plus particulièrement la production de lisières améliorées pour la résistance de jonction élevée. Les fils d'effet ou de voluminosité sont utilisés en tant que fils de chaîne (14) et de trame (12) et/ou de fil de gaze de sorte que le gonflant voulu soit obtenu dans le textile.
PCT/US1997/006355 1996-08-14 1997-04-14 Textiles structurels industriels, composites et non tisses WO1998006570A1 (fr)

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US5980996A (en) * 1994-12-13 1999-11-09 Interface, Inc. System and method for controlling water flow through ground with a geotextile comprising water absorbing material
WO2001038621A1 (fr) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Milliken & Company Tissu particulierement destine a la fabrication de structures de support pour passagers
FR2850675A1 (fr) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-06 Henri Andre Natte de retention et de filtration pour le soutennement des terres et supports
WO2009006934A1 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Haver & Boecker Ohg Tissu
FR2919631A1 (fr) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-06 Terre Armee Internationale Soc Bande de stabilisation renforcee destinee a etre utilisee dans des ouvrages en sol renforce
WO2010053440A1 (fr) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-14 Ab Anders Westerlind Tissu de coussin de sécurité gonflable
EP2339054A1 (fr) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 Johns Manville Europe GmbH Revêtement mural en fibre de verre
US8114506B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2012-02-14 Crawford Textile Consulting, Llc Helical textile with uniform thickness
US8486517B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2013-07-16 Crawford Textile Fabrications, Llc Helical textile with uniform thickness
CN106541629A (zh) * 2016-10-19 2017-03-29 南通鼎沣新材料有限公司 一种防水土工布及其制备方法
RU2680696C1 (ru) * 2018-04-12 2019-02-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова" Грунтовая плотина
US10434445B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-10-08 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Woven geotextile filtration fabrics including core-sheath spun yarns
WO2019192948A1 (fr) 2018-04-03 2019-10-10 Politex S.A.S. Di Freudenberg, Politex S.R.L. Non-tissé renforcé
US10508400B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-12-17 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Turf reinforcement mats
CN113874568A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2021-12-31 亨特道格拉斯公司 具有织造材料的建筑覆盖物
US20230243149A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2023-08-03 Intumescents Associates Group (IAG), LLC Fire Resistant Coating System and Method
USD1032243S1 (en) 2022-01-03 2024-06-25 Sleep Number Corporation Mattress
EP4461855A1 (fr) * 2023-05-12 2024-11-13 Goldeck Textil GmbH Tissu

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5980996A (en) * 1994-12-13 1999-11-09 Interface, Inc. System and method for controlling water flow through ground with a geotextile comprising water absorbing material
WO2001038621A1 (fr) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Milliken & Company Tissu particulierement destine a la fabrication de structures de support pour passagers
FR2850675A1 (fr) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-06 Henri Andre Natte de retention et de filtration pour le soutennement des terres et supports
WO2009006934A1 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Haver & Boecker Ohg Tissu
US8182177B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2012-05-22 Terre Armee Internationale Reinforced stabilising strip intended for use in reinforced earth structures
FR2919631A1 (fr) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-06 Terre Armee Internationale Soc Bande de stabilisation renforcee destinee a etre utilisee dans des ouvrages en sol renforce
WO2009024700A1 (fr) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-26 Terre Armee Internationale Bande de stabilisation renforcee destinee a etre utilisee dans des ouvrages en sol renforce
US8114506B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2012-02-14 Crawford Textile Consulting, Llc Helical textile with uniform thickness
US8486517B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2013-07-16 Crawford Textile Fabrications, Llc Helical textile with uniform thickness
EP2344366A4 (fr) * 2008-11-07 2012-03-28 Autoliv Dev Tissu de coussin de sécurité gonflable
JP2012508329A (ja) * 2008-11-07 2012-04-05 オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー 織りエアバッグ基布
US8722553B2 (en) 2008-11-07 2014-05-13 Autoliv Development Ab Woven airbag fabric
WO2010053440A1 (fr) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-14 Ab Anders Westerlind Tissu de coussin de sécurité gonflable
EP2339054A1 (fr) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 Johns Manville Europe GmbH Revêtement mural en fibre de verre
US10508400B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-12-17 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Turf reinforcement mats
US11174612B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-11-16 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Turf reinforcement mats
US10434445B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-10-08 Willacoochee Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Woven geotextile filtration fabrics including core-sheath spun yarns
CN106541629A (zh) * 2016-10-19 2017-03-29 南通鼎沣新材料有限公司 一种防水土工布及其制备方法
WO2019192948A1 (fr) 2018-04-03 2019-10-10 Politex S.A.S. Di Freudenberg, Politex S.R.L. Non-tissé renforcé
RU2680696C1 (ru) * 2018-04-12 2019-02-25 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова" Грунтовая плотина
US20230243149A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2023-08-03 Intumescents Associates Group (IAG), LLC Fire Resistant Coating System and Method
US20230323659A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2023-10-12 Intumescents Associates Group (IAG), LLC Fire Resistant Coating System and Method
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