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WO1998009053A2 - Procede et appareil d'etancheite d'une jonction dans un puits multilateral - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'etancheite d'une jonction dans un puits multilateral Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998009053A2
WO1998009053A2 PCT/US1997/015275 US9715275W WO9809053A2 WO 1998009053 A2 WO1998009053 A2 WO 1998009053A2 US 9715275 W US9715275 W US 9715275W WO 9809053 A2 WO9809053 A2 WO 9809053A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lateral
wellbore
junction
liner
window
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/015275
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1998009053A3 (fr
WO1998009053A9 (fr
Inventor
Douglas J. Murray
Robert C. Smith
Walter J. Myron
John J. Johnson
David E. Hirth
Sidney K. Smith
Chris Weaver
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Incorporated filed Critical Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority to AU43303/97A priority Critical patent/AU4330397A/en
Publication of WO1998009053A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998009053A2/fr
Publication of WO1998009053A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998009053A3/fr
Publication of WO1998009053A9 publication Critical patent/WO1998009053A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0035—Apparatus or methods for multilateral well technology, e.g. for the completion of or workover on wells with one or more lateral branches
    • E21B41/0042—Apparatus or methods for multilateral well technology, e.g. for the completion of or workover on wells with one or more lateral branches characterised by sealing the junction between a lateral and a main bore
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to well drilling and in particular to methods and apparatus for forming lateral wells and sealing the junctions between multi-lateral wells and a main well bore.
  • Horizontal well drilling and production have been increasingly important to the oil industry in recent years. While horizontal wells have been known for many years, only relatively recently have such wells been determined to be a cost effective alternative (or at least companion) to conventional vertical well drilling. Although drilling a horizontal well costs substantially more than its vertical counterpart, a horizontal well frequently improves production by a factor of five, ten, or even twenty in naturally fractured reservoirs. Generally, projected productivity from a horizontal well must triple that of a vertical hole for horizontal drilling to be economical. This increased production minimizes the number of platforms, cutting investment and operational costs. Horizontal drilling makes reservoirs in urban areas, permafrost zones and deep offshore waters more accessible. Other applications for horizontal wells include periphery wells, thin reservoirs that would require too many vertical wells, and reservoirs with coning problems in which a horizontal well could be optimally distanced from the fluid contact.
  • a first embodiment for forming lateral wells is a top down system in which the lateral wells are formed from the top of the main well bore to the bottom of the main well bore.
  • the initial liner string includes drillable inserts and side windows that facilitate formation of the lateral wells.
  • the drillable inserts are made from a drillable material and the side windows are filled with a drillable material which eliminates the need for metal milling.
  • a second embodiment for sealing a junction between a main well bore and a lateral well includes running a first inflatable casing packer in the lateral well and filling the mandrel in the lateral well with a hardening material. A portion of the first inflatable casing packer is removed from the main well bore and a second inflatable casing packer is run in the main well bore. The hardening material in the lateral well provides support at the portion of the second inflatable casing packer positioned at the lateral well opening. The hardening material in the lateral well may then be removed.
  • a third embodiment of sealing the junction between a lateral well and a main well bore uses a flexible sealing sleeve. The liner placed in the main well bore includes windows for creating lateral wells.
  • the windows are filled with a drillable material to reduce the amount of metal milling.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the liner including a side pocket window
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view illustrating a lateral well being drilled
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross sectional view illustrating completion of the lateral well
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view illustrating completion of the main well bore
  • FIGURES 5A-5B are cross sectional views of the portion of the liner including a side pocket window
  • FIGURE 6 is a cross sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIGURE 5 A;
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIGURE 5B;
  • FIGURES 8A-8B are cross sectional views of the liner having a first type of lateral well completion;
  • FIGURES 9A-9B are cross sectional views of the liner having a second type of lateral well completion;
  • FIGURES 10A-10B are cross sectional views of the liner of FIGURES 8A-8B having the drillable insert removed;
  • FIGURES 11A-1 IB are cross sectional views of the liner of FIGURES 9A-9B having the drillable insert removed;
  • FIGURES 12-17 are cross-sectional diagrams illustrating a second embodiment for creating a sealed junction between main and lateral wells
  • FIGURES 18-22 are cross-sectional diagrams illustrating a third embodiment for sealing a junction between a main well and a lateral well; and FIGURE 23 is an exploded view of the sealing sleeve.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the liner for establishing a lateral well.
  • the liner 10 includes an opening or window 12 formed in the side of the liner 10.
  • a drillable insert 14 made from a drillable material, which is rotationally locked to the liner 10.
  • the window 12 is also filled with a drillable material.
  • the drillable material is concrete. The use of a drillable material, such as concrete, eliminates the need for metal milling and reduces risk of tools becoming stuck in debris.
  • no plastics or composites are used in the liner 10 due to the fact that plastics and composites can have a finite life when left in the well.
  • FIGURES 5A-5B are cross sectional diagrams of the liner 10 including the window 12. As shown in
  • FIGURES 6 and 7 which are cross sectional views taken along lines 6-6 of FIGURE 5 A and 7-7 of FIGURE 5B respectively, the main through bore is drilled at an offset from the center, to maximize the thickness of the liner 10 near the window 12.
  • An inflatable packer 16 including regular inflation valves, is provided along the outside of the window 12.
  • a work string 2 is shown positioned within the liner 10.
  • the window 12 is formed at an angle relative to the main axis of the liner and includes an uphole surface 122 and a downhole surface 124.
  • the uphole surface 122 and the downhole surface 124 are generally parallel and both surfaces are at an oblique angle relative to the central axis of the liner 10.
  • the window 12 is machined in place at the appropriate angle, to match drilling techniques (e.g. typically 2-3 ° from the central axis).
  • the liner 10 with as many liner windows 12 as needed, is run in, oriented, and cemented in place using known techniques. Cementing of the liner 10 is done with inner string as is known in the art. A system is needed to orient the window 12, before cementing, and then verify the window 12 orientation after cementing. Once the liner
  • the inflatable packer 16 is then inflated using a hardening material (e.g. preferably expanding cement).
  • a hardening material e.g. preferably expanding cement.
  • the cement inflated packer 16 will give additional support to the liner 10 and the formation at the window 12.
  • a standard type of mud motor drilling bottom hole assembly (BHA) 20 is run in, until it reaches the first liner window 12.
  • the drill face is then oriented in the direction of the window 12, using measurement-while-drilling (MWD) as a reference.
  • the insert 14 and the inflated packer 16 are then drilled using a standard technique referred to as time drilling.
  • the drill need only pass through the drillable insert 14, the drillable material in the window 12 and the rubber and cement in the inflatable packer 16. This eliminates metal milling which can cause tools to become stuck and leave debris in the well.
  • the drill removes a portion of the insert 14 and tracks out through the window 12, creating the lateral well 22. Drilling can continue for as long as necessary.
  • a short section of the lateral well 22 is drilled (e.g. around 200-300 ft.).
  • a drilling liner is positioned in the lateral well 22.
  • a lower portion 26 of the drillable insert 14 below the liner window 12 acts as a guidestock as extra trips to the lateral well 22 are made.
  • a drilling liner 27 with a packer 29 is run to the lateral well 22.
  • the upper section of liner 27 includes a running tool and the packer 29 is oriented using MWD, in conjunction with a built-in orienting lug on the running tool.
  • the lateral packer 29 has a packing element that is cut on a double helix so that the angle of the packer 29 matches the angle of the window 12.
  • the packer 29 has slips 33 placed around the circumference.
  • the top 31 of the lateral packer 29 is also cut on a double helix so that when the packer 29 is installed, there will be no part of the packer 29 extending in the main bore of the liner 10.
  • the element and slips 33 are set in a known manner (e.g. by a hydraulic piston).
  • FIGURES 9A-9B are cross- sectional views of the wellbore fitted with a mechanical lateral packer 29.
  • the lateral liner packer 29 locks in place, and will not be disturbed by the drilling BHA.
  • the main part of the lateral well can now be drilled, still using the portion of the drillable insert 26 as a guidestock to divert the drilling BHA into the lateral well 22.
  • the window 12 should be able to withstand drilling of the length of the lateral well (e.g. 10,000 feet).
  • the lateral well can now be completed using standard techniques or equipment.
  • the junction between the lateral liner and the drilling liner is sealed using standard liner hanger and packer technology.
  • FIGURES 8 A-8B are cross-sectional views of the wellbore fitted with an inflatable lateral packer 29'. This would increase the flexibility in the positioning of the packer 29'.
  • the inflatable element could be 10-20 feet long, so that it would also pack off in the open hole.
  • the installation of the liner for the lateral well 22 may be performed in two ways.
  • the lateral well liner can be run as one piece, or in two or more pieces.
  • the liner in the lateral well may be a short section that is used just to seal off the junction between the lateral well and the liner 10.
  • a second smaller diameter liner is run for the rest of the lateral well, similar to a standard liner completion.
  • the lower part of the liner could be run first, then be tied back to the liner window joint, using seals such as a PBR or a casing patch.
  • FIGURES 10A-10B are cross sectional views of the liner shown in FIGURES 8A-8B with the drillable insert 14 removed.
  • FIGURES 1 1A-1 IB are cross-sectional views of the liner shown in FIGURES 9A-9B with the drillable insert 14 removed.
  • the drill can be run in to the next window joint, and the next lateral is created. If further laterals are needed the same drilling BHA can be run down either to the next window or to the original liner shoe track for the lowest lateral.
  • FIGURES 12-17 illustrate an alternative method for creating sealed multilateral junctions down hole using inflatable casing packers.
  • the first step is to form the main well bore 100 and place a liner 102 in the main well bore 100 using conventional techniques.
  • An orienting packer 104 is placed in the main well bore 100 and a whipstock 106 is placed in the main well bore 100.
  • a lateral well 120 is then drilled using conventional techniques (e.g. mills, drills, etc.).
  • the whipstock 106 that was used to drill the lateral well 120 is then retrieved and replaced with a whipstock 122 that is designed to be washed over easily, yet still maintain a close fit to the casing inner diameter.
  • Whipstock 122 may have a steel core and composite outer shell to provide for easy washover.
  • a liner 124 is run into the lateral well 120, with an inflatable casing packer 126 at the top.
  • the inflatable casing packer 126 is positioned so that it completely covers the window junction between the main well bore 100 and the lateral well 120 and overlaps into both the main bore 100 and the lateral bore 120.
  • the inflatable casing packer 126 is then inflated with a material that will harden into a solid keeping the element energized (e.g. concrete).
  • the washover whipstock 122 supports the portion of the liner 124 and the inflatable casing packer 126 in the main bore 100 when the inflatable casing packer 126 is inflated.
  • the mandrel of the first inflatable casing packer 126 can then be filled with a material 128 that will harden into a drillable solid (e.g. cement).
  • the material 128 will provide support for the second inflatable casing packer 140 that will be positioned in the main well bore 100.
  • a plugging device 130 can be placed in the lower part of the mandrel.
  • the mandrel for the lateral well 120 could be run in the well with a drillable material already placed in the inner diameter of the mandrel.
  • the portion of the inflatable casing packer 126 in the main well bore 100 and the washover whipstock 122 can be removed from the well as shown in FIGURE 14.
  • the well bore 100, at the junction between the main well bore 100 and the lateral well 120, will now resemble a smooth main bore. This junction can be pressured tested and in some cases may provide an adequate sealed junction. If the lateral well bore 120 is left open and the pressure integrity of the junction is deemed suitable the junction could be considered complete. This leaves a full opening inner diameter in both the main bore 100 and the lateral bore 120.
  • a packer and plugs can be run to straddle the junction and a squeeze job can be performed. The junction can then be drilled back out. If the junction still does not test, or a better seal is desired, an additional inflatable casing packer 140, shown in FIGURE 15, can then be run down the main bore 100 and placed across the junction, overlapping both sides of the lateral well 120.
  • the second inflatable casing packer mandrel 142 can have a retrievable whipstock 144 already in place that will locate in the orientation packer 104 originally used to mill the lateral well 120. The whipstock 144 is positioned to align a mill with the lateral well bore 120.
  • the packer 140 is then inflated with a material that will harden into a solid that will keep the element energized (e.g. cement). As shown in FIGURE 16, a mill is used to remove the hardened material 128 in the lateral well 120. As shown in FIGURE 17, the whipstock 144 is retrieved from the main well bore 100.
  • a material that will harden into a solid that will keep the element energized e.g. cement
  • the result is a junction between the main well bore 100 and the lateral well 120 that has pressure integrity from the inside and the outside with a full opening lateral and main bore restricted only by the inner diameter of the inflatable casing packers.
  • FIGURES 18-22 are cross-sectional diagrams illustrating a third embodiment for sealing a junction between a main well and a lateral.
  • the main well 300 includes a liner 302 including a window 304 formed in the side of the liner 302.
  • the pre-milled window 304 is covered with a composite, drillable material 306 located on the outside of and within the window 304.
  • a protection sleeve 308 is positioned on the inside of the liner 203 to protect the window 304 during run in.
  • An inner work string 310 is then run to bottom and is used to cement the liner 302 in place.
  • the inner protection sleeve 308 is also pulled from the main well bore.
  • a whipstock 320 is set in the main well 300 and the lateral well 322 is drilled as shown in FIGURE 19.
  • the presence of the pre-milled window 304 and the composite outer covering 306 will insure a negligible amount of metal debris and a perfectly shaped window.
  • the whipstock 320 is replaced with a guidestock 330 and the lateral liner 332 can be run and cemented as desired.
  • a layered sealing sleeve 334 is run in the main well bore 300.
  • the layered sealing sleeve 334 runs in the well and placed across the window. This prevents the sealing sleeves from becoming damaged during lateral operations.
  • the sealing sleeve can also be modified for particular conditions in the well.
  • the layered sealing sleeve 334 includes an opening 336 for alignment with the lateral well 322.
  • the layered sealing sleeve 334 slides around the guidestock 330 and is oriented so that the sealing sleeve opening is aligned with the lateral well 322.
  • the guidestock 330 can be removed when needed without affecting the sealing sleeve 334.
  • the details of the construction of the layered sealing sleeve 334 are described below with reference to FIGURE 23.
  • a variety of systems can be used to pass through the sealing sleeve 334 and into the lateral liner 332.
  • a tie back liner top mandrel 340 having a flange 342, for example, can be pierced through the sealing sleeve 334 and into the lateral liner 332.
  • the interference fit between the flange 342 and the sealing sleeve 334 form a hydraulic seal between the main well bore and the lateral well 322.
  • a flange support sleeve 344 is insert in the main well bore and presses the flange 342 against the sealing sleeve 334. The pressure isolation across the junction between the main well bore and the lateral well allows this type of multi -lateral completion to be run in zones currently not suitable for current multi-lateral systems.
  • FIGURE 22 is a cross sectional view of an alternative device for completing the lateral well 322.
  • An isolating sleeve 400 is run in the main well bore.
  • the isolating sleeve 400 includes a lower lip 410 which is aligned with the bottom of the sealing sleeve opening and an upper lip 412 that extends beyond the top of the opening in the sealing sleeve.
  • the isolating sleeve is held in place using packers 402.
  • a mandrel 404 is then run through the isolating sleeve 400 and into the later well liner 332.
  • FIGURE 23 is an exploded view of the sealing sleeve 334.
  • the sealing sleeve includes an inner sleeve 500 which has an opening 504 formed therein.
  • a recess 502 is formed in the inner sleeve 500 near the opening 504 to accept sealing layers 506 and 510.
  • the inner sleeve 500 is not intended to contact the mandrel passing through the sealing sleeve 334.
  • a first sealing layer 506 is placed in the recess 502.
  • the first sealing layer is made from a soft metal (e.g. lead, brass).
  • the first seal layer 506 is saddle shaped, includes an opening 508 and acts as a wiper contacting the mandrel and giving support for external pressure.
  • a second sealing layer 510 is saddle shaped and placed over the first sealing layer 506.
  • the second sealing layer 510 has an opening 512.
  • the second sealing layer is made from a resilient material (e.g rubber, Teflon) and acts as a main seal having a greater interference with the mandrel.
  • the final layer is a full cylinder 514 with an opening 516.
  • the final layer 514 is made from a steel and has little or no interference with the mandrel.
  • the final layer 514 acts as a back up for sealing against internal pressure. While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation. What is claimed is:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Procédés et appareil de formation de puits multilatéraux et d'étanchéité de la jonction entre le trou de puits principal et un puits latéral. Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, une colonne de puits principal comprend des fenêtres ou des ouvertures formées dans ladite colonne. Un insert forable est positionné près de la fenêtre destinée au support lorsque le puits latéral est foré. La fenêtre est également remplie d'un matériau forable. Un second mode de réalisation de l'invention utilise des packers gonflables de tubages lesquels sont gonflés avec du ciment afin de former une jonction présentant une intégrité de pression de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur avec une ouverture latérale totale et un sondage principal limité uniquement par le diamètre intérieur des packers gonflables de tubage. Un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention utilise un manchon d'étanchéité stratifié à l'ouverture du puits latéral. Un mandrin supérieur de colonne de raccordement est calé dans une ouverture se trouvant dans le manchon d'étanchéité stratifié. Le mandrin comprend un rebord au niveau de la partie supérieure et l'ajustement avec serrage entre le rebord et l'ouverture ménagée dans le manchon d'étanchéité forme un joint hydraulique entre le puits principal et le puits latéral.
PCT/US1997/015275 1996-08-30 1997-08-29 Procede et appareil d'etancheite d'une jonction dans un puits multilateral WO1998009053A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU43303/97A AU4330397A (en) 1996-08-30 1997-08-29 Method and apparatus for sealing a junction on a multilateral well

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2513996P 1996-08-30 1996-08-30
US60/025,139 1996-08-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998009053A2 true WO1998009053A2 (fr) 1998-03-05
WO1998009053A3 WO1998009053A3 (fr) 1998-06-11
WO1998009053A9 WO1998009053A9 (fr) 1998-07-23

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WO (1) WO1998009053A2 (fr)

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