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WO1998010669A1 - Module d'isolation gonflable - Google Patents

Module d'isolation gonflable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998010669A1
WO1998010669A1 PCT/GB1997/002468 GB9702468W WO9810669A1 WO 1998010669 A1 WO1998010669 A1 WO 1998010669A1 GB 9702468 W GB9702468 W GB 9702468W WO 9810669 A1 WO9810669 A1 WO 9810669A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module according
insulation module
insulation
membrane
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/002468
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Bramham
David Stephen Frodsham
Charles Matthew Malcolm Thwaites
Original Assignee
W.L. Gore & Associates (Uk) Ltd.
Shark Sports Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by W.L. Gore & Associates (Uk) Ltd., Shark Sports Ltd. filed Critical W.L. Gore & Associates (Uk) Ltd.
Priority to DE29723798U priority Critical patent/DE29723798U1/de
Priority to DE69708889T priority patent/DE69708889T2/de
Priority to EP97940243A priority patent/EP0924999B1/fr
Priority to AT97940243T priority patent/ATE209866T1/de
Priority to AT0908897A priority patent/ATA908897A/de
Priority to DE19782215T priority patent/DE19782215T1/de
Priority to AU42149/97A priority patent/AU4214997A/en
Publication of WO1998010669A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998010669A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D2400/00—Functions or special features of garments
    • A41D2400/10—Heat retention or warming
    • A41D2400/14—Heat retention or warming inflatable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inflatable breathable (i.e. water-vapour-permeable) insulation module for a heat-transfer control article, such as an insulated garment (including suits, jackets, vests, trousers, hats and gloves) a sleep covering such as a sleeping bag or duvet, or a footwear item, such as a boot or sock.
  • a heat-transfer control article such as an insulated garment (including suits, jackets, vests, trousers, hats and gloves) a sleep covering such as a sleeping bag or duvet, or a footwear item, such as a boot or sock.
  • heat-transfer control articles are for personal use and are breathable so as to allow the escape of water vapour due to insensible and sensible perspiration from the person employing the article.
  • the heat-transfer control article has heat insulation properties which may be used to prevent undue heat loss where the person is subjected to a cold environment or may provide heat-resistant insulation properties where the wearer is subject to
  • Inflatable garments are, of course, known in the art and particularly in the case of life jackets or buoyancy survival suits used for over-water air transportation.
  • Such survival suits are inflatable both to act as buoyancy to help the wearer keep afloat following an accident at sea, and also to provide an insulating air gap which helps prevent loss of body heat from the wearer during prolonged immersion in water.
  • Helicopter crew and passengers travelling over water are routinely provided with inflatable survival suits.
  • a problem with such inflatable suits is that the inflatable module whilst having good insulation properties is not breathable, so that perspiration from the wearer's body is unable to escape.
  • Such moisture collects inside the suit leading to a clammy feeling which detracts from the comfort of the suit in use.
  • Patent specification GB2232872 describes articles having pockets filled with air. There is no mention of breathability.
  • Specification GB964086 describes a shirt which is porous when dry but inflatable to some degree when wet.
  • Specification EP0117303 describes an inflatable garment, which is apparently not water-vapour-permeable.
  • the present invention resides in the use of a material which is both air impermeable (to allow inflation) and water vapour permeable (to provide breathability) for the construction of the inflatable module .
  • the present invention provides an inflatable breathable insulation module for a garment, footwear item, sleeping bag, duvet or other heat-transfer control article (usually for personal use) ; the module comprising an inner membrane and an outer membrane, the membranes being sealed together to provide an inflatable cavity (or cavities) , and each membrane being formed of a water-vapour-permeable breathable material which is air- impermeable to allow inflation of the inflatable cavity.
  • a particular benefit of the inflatable module of the present invention is that the degree of thermal insulation imparted by the air gap within the inflated cavity can be varied to suit differing applications.
  • the heat insulation value of the module will vary dependent on the degree of inflation of the module. It is therefore possible, by varying the degree of inflation (and thus the width of the air gap) to vary the insulation value of the garment continuously between the deflated and fully-inflated conditions.
  • persons engaged in outdoor activities such as sailors, golfers, hikers, policeman, labourers etc. can vary the degree of heat insulation to suit the particular climatic conditions and also in dependence on their own work rate.
  • a hiker may wish to have a higher insulation value when resting and to reduce the insulation value of the garment when undergoing physical activity. According to the present invention this may be achieved without removing the garment, by simply varying the degree of inflation of the inflatable module.
  • thermal insulation property is required to prevent the transfer of external heat to the wearer so as to keep the wearer cool.
  • a fireman tackling a fire may wish to have an improved level of thermal insulation for a relatively short period of time to reduce his body temperature rise.
  • the heat insulation properties of the module of the present invention may also be enhanced by known expedients such as providing a heat reflective etalised film thereon.
  • the inflatable breathable insulation module of the present invention will be breathable as that term is known in the art to the skilled man.
  • the moisture vapour transmission rate of the membrane used to produce the inflatable module will be at least 500 g/m 2 /day and usually at least 3000 g/m 2 /day (based on the potassium acetate test method described herein) .
  • it will lie in the range 3000 to 20, OOOg/irr/day .
  • the overall breathability of the module when deflated will be in excess of 1000 g/m 2 /day and usually in the range 1000 to 10,000 g/m 2 /day.
  • the water-vapour-permeability is generally less than that for a conventional garment since two thicknesses of the membrane are present (and since the membrane is usually thicker) .
  • the breathability will depend on the thickness of membrane used and also depends on whether the cavity is inflated or not. For example, a typical breathability figure of 2000 g/m/day in the deflated condition may be reduced to 1200 g/m 2 /day when the cavity is inflated. When inflated the water-vapour- permeability is generally in the region 500 to 5000 g/m/day .
  • the air gap across the inflatable cavity will be in the range 0-50mm, more generally 0-30mm and typically around 20mm when inflated.
  • Narrow air gaps have low insulation properties; whilst wide air gaps allow the formation of convection currents within the gap which detracts from the insulation properties. There is an optimum gap width inbetween these extremes which provides maximum insulation. Wide air gaps also make the module bulky and inconvenient to wear in the case of garments. Bulkiness may be less of a disadvantage in the case of sleeping bags etc.
  • the inflatable breathable insulation module of the present invention is formed of a membrane material which is air-impermeable as that term is known in the art and provides sufficient air impermeability for the module to remain inflated for practical periods of use. Generally, the module will require to remain inflated without substantial deflation (i.e. less than 10% by volume air loss) for a period of at least 2 hours, more generally at least 12 hours (particularly in the case of sleeping items) .
  • the inflatable module is generally provided with inflation means which may be simply a mouthpiece (which may have an elongate extension to reach the wearer's mouth easily) in the case of oral inflation.
  • the module is preferably provided by sealing together the membranes at a number of positions.
  • the module could be formed from a single membrane sheet folded in two.
  • the membranes are sealed around their periphery to provide an overall edge seal. They are also attached together at a number of spaced positions within the cavity so as to control the degree of inflation and provide a predetermined air gap, for example at points or along lines.
  • the membrane material can be heat welded, since this is a technique widely used for providing inflatable items, such as air beds, and can provide a joint of sufficient strength to resist the inflation pressures generally used (which are generally less than 1 psi) and peak pressures (for example, due to impacts) which may be considerably in excess of this.
  • Heat welding may be carried out using known apparatus and techniques (e.g. radio frequency welding, ultrasonic welding or using a heat-fusable tape) .
  • a particular property of the membrane material is that it should have sufficient strength, toughness and elasticity to withstand the various stresses encountered during use.
  • a primary stress is, of course, that resulting from inflation of the cavity. Other stresses arise from flexing of the module during use and from impacts. Materials which are inextensible generally are unsatisfactory and fail at points of stress. A material having a sufficient degree of elasticity is therefore preferred since this allows the stresses to be delocalised.
  • the insulation value will be unaffected by the presence of liquid water, in contrast to known materials such as fabric piles which tend to lose their insulation properties when wet. Good puncture resistance is also an advantage.
  • the mechanical properties of the membrane material will be as follows:
  • the material employed as the membrane material is preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane or polyester.
  • a particularly useful membrane material is that disclosed in published patent specification PCT/US94/124659 which discloses a tough elastic polyurethane suitable for use as a self-supporting film with good heat-sealing properties and physical properties which are substantially unaffected under wet conditions.
  • the polyurethane is the reaction product of 4 , 4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) , poly (oxyethylene) glycol and 1,4-butane diol in equivalents ratio of substantially 4:1:3.
  • estane X4405 (trademark) and Morthane (trademark) materials which are polyurethanes available from B.F. Goodrich, Inc., USA and Morton International, respectively.
  • thermoplastic polyester material which may be used is Hytrel (trademark) , such as Hytrel 8171, available from DuPont Chemicals UK.
  • the thickness of the membrane material is generally in the range 10-500 microns (e.g. 100-150 microns) depending on the physical properties of the material and the degree of water permeability required. Generally, for heat welding purposes, a certain minimum thickness (e.g. 50 microns depending on the material) is required, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
  • At least one of the membranes be an unsupported film since this allows dissipation of stress in use.
  • a face fabric may be provided on one of the membranes, which is to provide the outer surface of the garment etc. in use.
  • the membrane may be integrally formed (e.g. by coating) on the face fabric or may be laminated thereto, such as by heat lamination or by the use of an adhesive.
  • Face fabrics are typically nylon, polyester or acrylic woven or knitted materials. Lycra (trademark) is a preferred material.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an inflatable breathable insulation module for use in a garment.
  • the inflatable breathable insulation module 2 is formed of a pair of polyurethane or polyester sheets 4 heat welded together.
  • the sheets are in the shape of a module for fitting inside a jacket and comprise cutouts 6,8 for the arms and a cutout 10 for the neck.
  • the sheets are heat welded together along a peripheral line 12 so as to provide an inflatable cavity.
  • the sheets are heat welded together along a plurality of lines 14 which serve to define the air gap of the inflated module, that is to say the space in between the two membranes in the inflated condition.
  • the arrangement of lines will also be chosen so as to accommodate flexing of the insulation module during normal useage when worn by the wearer, so as to feel as comfortable as possible. More than one cavity could be provided.
  • the spacing between the lines 14 may be varied so as to provide for a wider air gap and greater insulation properties in certain areas of the module with smaller air gaps in other areas of the module so as to fine tune the insulation properties of the garment.
  • the lines 14 are spaced apart by 20-40mm, typically around 30mm. Equally, there could be areas free of insulation by cutting away an appropriate aperture in one of the two membranes .
  • Mouthpieces 16, 18 which may include a venting nonreturn valve of conventional construction are provided for oral inflation of the insulation module.
  • the mouthpieces will occur in the upper front chest area of the wearer during use and may include elongate extensions to reach the wearer's mouth.
  • Venting non-return valves function as a non-return valve for inflating the garment.
  • the valve may be opened e.g. by squeezing the valve, to allow air to escape.
  • non-return valve(s) may be provided for inflation together with one or more release valves for deflation.
  • the inflatable breathable insulation module will usually be fitted inside a conventional jacket shell formed of an outer face fabric and an inner liner.
  • the module may be permanently fitted or removably fitted (e.g. by zips or velcro (trademark) .
  • the module could also be in the form of a vest or waistcoat for wearing beneath a jacket.
  • the inflatable module In normal usage, the inflatable module will be in its deflated condition and will perform as a conventional breathable jacket. When enhanced thermal insulation properties are required, for example in cold weather or after physical exercise, the inflatable module may be inflated orally to provide enhanced insulation and minimise body heat loss from the wearer.
  • suitable water-vapour-permeable membrane materials are given in Tables A, B and C below.
  • Material B is that disclosed in patent specification PCT/US94/124659 discussed above.
  • the Morphane (trademark) materials are polyurethanes available from Morton International.
  • the Estane (trademark) materials are polyurethanes available from B.F. Goodrich, Inc.
  • MVTR is measured by the potassium acetate method disclosed herein; % elongation is elongation at break; toughness is the integral of tensile strength vs elongation.
  • MVTR moisture vapour transmission rate
  • a similar expanded PTFE membrane was mounted to the surface of a water bath.
  • the water bath assembly was controlled at 23°C plus or minus 0.2°C, utilising a temperature controlled room and a water circulating bath.
  • the sample to be tested was allowed to condition at a temperature of 23°C and a relative humidity of 50% prior to performing the test procedure.
  • Three samples were placed so each sample to be tested was in contact with the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane mounted over the surface of the water bath and in contact with the water, and was allowed to equilibrate for at least 15 minutes prior to the introduction of the cup assembly.
  • the cup assembly was weighed to the nearest l/lOOOg and was placed in an inverted manner onto the centre of the test sample.
  • Water vapour transport was provided by the driving force between the water in the water bath and the saturated salt solution providing water vapour flux by diffusion in that direction.
  • the sample was tested for 20 minutes and the cup assembly was then removed, and weighed again to within l/1000g.
  • the MVTR of the sample was calculated from the weight gain of the cup assembly and was expressed in grams of water per square meter of sample surface area per 24 hours.
  • the aim of the test was the measurement of thermal resistance Ret and evaporative resistance Ret according to International Standard ISO 11092 : 1993 (E) (as modified as described herein) of two samples in both the flat deflated state and in the inflated state.
  • Sample 1 was formed from a first sheet which was a laminate of a 2 mil (50 microns) thick polyurethane membrane and a nylon Taslan (trademark) face fabric, which was heat welded to a second sheet which was a 2 mil (50 microns) thick polyurethane membrane.
  • Sample 2 was similar to Sample 1 except that the second sheet was a 4mil (100 microns) thick polyurethane membrane.
  • the sample size was 380mm x 380mm, and the nominal inflated thickness was 20mm.
  • the four edges of the test sample are taped so as to eliminate any possibility of lateral loss of water vapour during the test. Water vapour transfer is then guaranteed to be strictly transversal.
  • some synthetic filling is introduced along the edges to avoid lateral thermal convection with ambient air. Thermal transfer is then strictly transversal.
  • Sample 2 blown up 20mm
  • the dimension of the test sample (380mm x 380mm) has been adapted to cover a peripheral thermal guard for Ret measurement.
  • the thermal guard does not perspire; therefore, the perspiring area in contact with the internal membrane is 200mm x 200mm, while the transfering area on the external face of the test sample is higher (approximately 260mm x 260mm) .
  • This does not affect the results on flat samples: for blown up samples it may introduce some deviation in the result of Ret compared with strictly uni-dimensional transfer.
  • the calculated water-vapour permeability (g/m/day) is inversely proportional to the measured evaporative resistance (m 2 .Pa/W) and both figures are given.
  • the water-vapour permeability measurement technique used for the module of the invention is a different technique to the potassium acetate test method which forms the basis for MVTR figures quoted for the membrane used to form the module. In both samples the water-vapour permeability falls to about 1200 g/m 2 /day in the inflated condition (air gap approximately 20mm) .
  • typical thermal insulation and water vapour permeability values for the inflatable breathable module of the present invention are 0.05 to 0.5 m 2 .K/W and 500 to 3000g/m 2 /day respectively in the inflated condition.
  • the insulation module was constructed according to Figure 1 and formed of a two-sheet RF welded construction according to Sample 2 of Example 1 with an outer fabric covering.
  • the test mannikin is equipped to measure heat loss over a plurality of layers thereof, from which an insulation value was calculated.
  • the insulation module was worn by the mannikin, and a Gore-tex (trademark) jacket of a three-layer construction was worn on top.
  • the three-layer construction is conventional and comprises a face fabric, an expanded PTFE membrane coated with a polyurethane, and a knitted inner liner; and is water-resistant and water-vapour-permeable .
  • Field trials were carried using 60 volunteers in a variety of activities and environments including refrigerated stores, racehorse trainers, hikers, walkers, power linesmen and lorry drivers. Each volunteer wore a jacket including an inflatable module as described with reference to Figure 1. Scores were allocated by the volunteers to four aspects of performance and the results were as follows. Body heat retention scores 88/100. The benefit of a variable insulation valve scored 85/100. Chill factor elimination scores 85/100. Release of moisture vapour scored 74/100. These scores indicated a high level of user satisfaction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)

Abstract

Module ou pluralité de modules d'isolation gonflables pour un vêtement isolé. Ledit module comporte des membranes (4) externe et interne scellées ensemble pour former une cavité gonflable. Lesdites membranes sont constituées d'un matériau perméable à l'eau et à la vapeur qui respire de manière à laisser l'humidité s'échapper de l'utilisateur, et sont imperméables à l'air pour permettre le gonflage dudit module. Il est possible de modifier l'indice d'isolation en faisant varier le niveau de gonflage.
PCT/GB1997/002468 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Module d'isolation gonflable WO1998010669A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29723798U DE29723798U1 (de) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Aufblasbare Isolation
DE69708889T DE69708889T2 (de) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Aufblasbare isolierung
EP97940243A EP0924999B1 (fr) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Module d'isolation gonflable
AT97940243T ATE209866T1 (de) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Aufblasbare isolierung
AT0908897A ATA908897A (de) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Aufblasbare isolation
DE19782215T DE19782215T1 (de) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Aufblasbare Isolation
AU42149/97A AU4214997A (en) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Inflatable insulation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9619123.4A GB9619123D0 (en) 1996-09-13 1996-09-13 Inflatable insulation
GB9619123.4 1996-09-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998010669A1 true WO1998010669A1 (fr) 1998-03-19

Family

ID=10799871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/002468 WO1998010669A1 (fr) 1996-09-13 1997-09-15 Module d'isolation gonflable

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0924999B1 (fr)
AT (2) ATA908897A (fr)
AU (1) AU4214997A (fr)
DE (3) DE19782215T1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2167790T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9619123D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998010669A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1264684A1 (fr) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Structure composite perméable à l'humidité et imperméable au liquide avec perméabilité à l'humidité renforcée et une stabilité dimensionnelle améliorée et articles comprenant ces structures
WO2004016121A1 (fr) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Gants elastomeres a respirabilite amelioree
CN109043684A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2018-12-21 劲霸男装（上海）有限公司 一种可拆卸充气内胆的茄克
CN109096523A (zh) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-28 太仓新宏电子科技有限公司 一种高透湿保护膜的制备方法
CN111169610A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-19 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种生石灰发热救生衣及其使用方法
WO2023283910A1 (fr) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 深圳市富盈塑胶电子有限公司 Produit d'extérieur pouvant être porté

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3116185B1 (fr) 2020-11-19 2023-07-07 Decathlon Sa Procédé de fabrication d’un article vestimentaire à propriété thermique évolutive

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3822425A (en) * 1971-07-09 1974-07-09 J Scales Inflatable support appliance
US4453271A (en) * 1979-09-28 1984-06-12 American Pneumatics Co. Protective garment
EP0117303A1 (fr) * 1983-01-20 1984-09-05 Tauchtechnik Eckernförde GmbH Vêtement protecteur tel que combinaison pour la voile et le surf ou combinaison de travail
DE3605677A1 (de) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Kanebo Textile, Ltd., Osaka Waerme haltendes kleidungsstueck
US5003630A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-04-02 David Clark Company Incorporated Pressure garment
GB2265314A (en) * 1989-11-29 1993-09-29 South Glamorgan Health Authori Protective article for securing around a body part
GB2281019A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-22 Multifabs Ltd Thermally insulating garment

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3822425A (en) * 1971-07-09 1974-07-09 J Scales Inflatable support appliance
US4453271A (en) * 1979-09-28 1984-06-12 American Pneumatics Co. Protective garment
EP0117303A1 (fr) * 1983-01-20 1984-09-05 Tauchtechnik Eckernförde GmbH Vêtement protecteur tel que combinaison pour la voile et le surf ou combinaison de travail
DE3605677A1 (de) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-28 Kanebo Textile, Ltd., Osaka Waerme haltendes kleidungsstueck
US5003630A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-04-02 David Clark Company Incorporated Pressure garment
GB2265314A (en) * 1989-11-29 1993-09-29 South Glamorgan Health Authori Protective article for securing around a body part
GB2281019A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-22 Multifabs Ltd Thermally insulating garment

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1264684A1 (fr) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Structure composite perméable à l'humidité et imperméable au liquide avec perméabilité à l'humidité renforcée et une stabilité dimensionnelle améliorée et articles comprenant ces structures
WO2002100639A1 (fr) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Structures multicouches permeables a la vapeur d'eau, impermeable aux liquides, dotees d'une permeabilite a la vapeur d'eau et d'une stabilite dimensionnelle ameliorees et articles comprenant ces structures
WO2004016121A1 (fr) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Gants elastomeres a respirabilite amelioree
US7178171B2 (en) 2002-08-19 2007-02-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric gloves having enhanced breathability
CN109096523A (zh) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-28 太仓新宏电子科技有限公司 一种高透湿保护膜的制备方法
CN109043684A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2018-12-21 劲霸男装（上海）有限公司 一种可拆卸充气内胆的茄克
CN111169610A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-19 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种生石灰发热救生衣及其使用方法
WO2023283910A1 (fr) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 深圳市富盈塑胶电子有限公司 Produit d'extérieur pouvant être porté

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4214997A (en) 1998-04-02
DE69708889D1 (de) 2002-01-17
ATE209866T1 (de) 2001-12-15
ES2167790T3 (es) 2002-05-16
EP0924999A1 (fr) 1999-06-30
HK1006919A1 (en) 1999-03-26
GB9619123D0 (en) 1996-10-23
EP0924999B1 (fr) 2001-12-05
DE69708889T2 (de) 2002-08-22
ATA908897A (de) 2003-01-15
DE29723798U1 (de) 1999-06-24
DE19782215T1 (de) 1999-11-25

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