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WO1998031971A1 - Dispositifs capteurs d'energie solaire - Google Patents

Dispositifs capteurs d'energie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998031971A1
WO1998031971A1 PCT/GB1998/000098 GB9800098W WO9831971A1 WO 1998031971 A1 WO1998031971 A1 WO 1998031971A1 GB 9800098 W GB9800098 W GB 9800098W WO 9831971 A1 WO9831971 A1 WO 9831971A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mirror
heat exchanger
rays
tertiary
primary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/000098
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey P. Kenna
Peter Reginald Hall
Original Assignee
Tokenhouse Holdings Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9701057.3A external-priority patent/GB9701057D0/en
Priority claimed from GB9716360A external-priority patent/GB2328034A/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9725699.4A external-priority patent/GB9725699D0/en
Application filed by Tokenhouse Holdings Limited filed Critical Tokenhouse Holdings Limited
Priority to AU55683/98A priority Critical patent/AU5568398A/en
Publication of WO1998031971A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998031971A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/55—Arrangements for cooling, e.g. by using external heat dissipating means or internal cooling circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • This invention concerns solar energy collecting devices, particularly for concentrating solar energy on to a collection means. More particularly the solar energy heats a fluid in a heat exchanger to allow energy to be transferred to a position remote from the collecting device, typically to power an electrical generating set or as a source of heat for another process such as water desalination or purification.
  • Various design configurations of mirrors have been proposed for collecting a beam of solar energy and concentrating the beam on to a collection means, for example a heat exchanger or a photovoltaic cell array.
  • a concave part-spherical primary mirror focuses the beam towards a secondary mirror which in turn focuses the beam onto an absorber and power train located beneath the secondary mirror.
  • Such a design requires a relatively large secondary mirror, creating a significantly large unused area (ie. a shadow) in the centre of the primary mirror, which results in low inherent efficiencies of the system.
  • a further disadvantage is that the absorber and power train have to be located some distance from the secondary mirror, which requires the power train to be suspended by a substantial structure. Since in a commercially sized installation the secondary mirror is itself of a significant weight (of the order of several tons) and must also be capable of withstanding high wind forces, the resulting structures become excessively
  • a fixed large spherical mirror concentrates light from the sun on to a heat exchanger positioned above the concentrator.
  • the shape of the concentrator is such as to maximise energy collection and it is driven to match the movement of the sun.
  • a solar energy collecting apparatus comprising a primary mirror for concentrating light rays from the sun, a secondary mirror for receiving rays from the primary mirror and a tertiary mirror adapted to receive rays from the secondary mirror and to beam rays towards a collection means.
  • the primary mirror is a concave part-spherical mirror
  • the secondary mirror is a concave bell- shaped mirror directed towards the primary mirror
  • the tertiary mirror is positioned between the primary and secondary mirrors at a relatively short distance from the latter
  • the secondary mirror has a central aperture at its pole through which the rays pass onto the collection means, wherein the arrangement and shape of the mirrors is such that the inner rays received by the primary mirror towards the centre thereof are reflected and passed directly through the aperture on to the collection means, while the remaining outer rays towards the outside of the primary mirror are reflected respectively by the secondary and tertiary mirrors before passing through the aperture on to the collection means.
  • the collection means may then comprise a first heat exchanger containing fluid, and in which suction passage means communicates between the heat exchanger and a remote location with or without pumping means to enable heated fluid to be conveyed away from the heat exchanger to power a process such as a turbine driven electrical generator, or a heat engine for powering such a generator, or another process involving the application of heat such as heating or boiling water or operating a heat pump such as used in the so-called “Electrolux cycle” for achieving cooling.
  • a process such as a turbine driven electrical generator, or a heat engine for powering such a generator, or another process involving the application of heat such as heating or boiling water or operating a heat pump such as used in the so-called “Electrolux cycle” for achieving cooling.
  • the energy dissipated at the tertiary mirror may become excessively high.
  • the tertiary mirror includes a second heat exchanger, and means for conveying cooling fluid therethrough so as to cool the tertiary mirror in use.
  • the secondary mirror is horn- shaped and is drivable to track the sun.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the overall system with primary, secondary and tertiary mirrors
  • Figure 2 shows the path followed by the suns outer rays, ie in the outer zone of the primary mirror;
  • Figure 3 shows the path followed by the inner rays, ie in the inner zone of the primary mirror;
  • Figure 4 is an enlargement of Figure 2 showing the reflection of the outer rays by the secondary and tertiary mirrors;
  • Figure 5 is an enlargement of Figure 3 showing the direct path of the inner rays
  • Figure 6 is similar to Figure 4 and shows the offset rays arriving from the edge of the sun's disk
  • Figure 7 is a combination of Figures 4 and 5 showing how the rays from the inner and outer zones fit together.
  • Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of a different embodiment.
  • the arrangement shown comprises a primary concave mirror 1, a secondary concave bell-shaped mirror 2 and a tertiary convex mirror 3.
  • the diameter of the aperture of the primary mirror 1 is typically 36m with a radius of curvature typically of 30m.
  • the secondary mirror 2 is of an ogive or cusped shape having a bell-shaped concave surface, the surface having an odd- aspheric shape.
  • the diameter of the secondary mirror is typically 5m.
  • the tertiary mirror 3, seen better in Figure 45, has a convex, odd-aspheric shape.
  • the diameter of the tertiary mirror is between lm and 1.5m.
  • Figures 2 and 4 show the paths of the suns rays which fall on to the primary mirror within an outer zone, eg between the diameters of 36m and 23m.
  • the rays In being reflected and passing between the primary and secondary mirrors the rays intersect one another along a caustic surface 4.
  • the rays are then reflected off the secondary mirror on to the tertiary mirror 3.
  • the latter focuses the rays generally towards the pole of the secondary mirror, in which there is formed a circular aperture 8, typically of lm diameter.
  • Behind the aperture is located an absorber area 10, which collects the radiant energy and which may comprise a heat exchanger or a photovoltaic cell array .
  • the distance travelled by the rays in the inner zone is approximately 8m shorter than that travelled by the rays in the outer zone, since the latter are reflected by the secondary and tertiary mirrors.
  • the rays received by the absorber 10 in this arrangement are therefore incoherent, and would therefore not be suitable for optical or radio purposes, for example for astronomy or radio astronomy.
  • Figure 6 shows the rays in the outer zone which arrive from the edge of the sun disk. Since these rays are approximately 0.25° off the central axis of the system, the beam of rays reflected by the tertiary mirror 3 are deflected or offset to one side of the absorber 10.
  • Figure 7 is an enlargement of Figure 1, showing the paths of the rays from the inner and outer zones when combined together. As best seen in Figures 3 and 5, the innermost rays, ie at 5m diameter, pass the edges of the tertiary mirror 3 without obstruction.
  • the efficiency of the system, relative to the diameter of the secondary mirror, has been found to be critically dependent on the distance by which the secondary mirror is positioned from the primary mirror.
  • the heated fluid will preferably be fed to a remote location to power a generator or heat pump or for heating water.
  • cooling fluid may be passed therethrough and fed to a heat exchanger (not shown) which may be either separate from or combined with the main heat exchanger.
  • the tertiary mirror 3 is replaced by an absorbing device having a roughened or coated surface so as to absorb radiant energy, which again is utilised in a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a first fixed spherical or parabolic mirror 11 which concentrates light from the sun onto a secondary mirror 12 above the first mirror.
  • the secondary mirror 12 is drivable to track the movement of the sun, and is horn-shaped to maximise the angle over which light is collected from the first mirror 11.
  • the secondary mirror 12 reflects light on to a tertiary mirror 14 located above the secondary mirror at the focal point of the concentrated light.
  • the tertiary mirror 14 beams the collected light energy downwardly to a receiver 16 on . the ground where energy conversion and power generation is carried out, as by means of a heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif capteur d'énergie solaire comprend un mirroir primaire concave (1) partiellement sphérique destiné à capter l'énergie solaire, un mirroir secondaire concave (2) en forme de cloche dirigée vers le mirroir primaire et destiné à recevoir les rayons solaires réfléchis par ce dernier, ainsi qu'un mirroir convexe tertiaire (3) positionné entre les mirroirs primaire et secondaire à une distance relativement courte du second. Le mirroir secondaire présente une ouverture centrale (8) au niveau de son pôle à travers de laquelle les rayons passent jusque sur un absorbeur (10). L'agencement et la forme du mirroir sont tels que les rayons intérieurs reçus par le mirroir primaire vers son centre sont réfléchis et passés directement à travers ladite ouverture jusque sur ledit absorbeur, tandis que les rayons extérieurs restants allant vers l'extérieur du mirroir primaire sont réfléchis vers les mirroirs secondaire et tertaire avant d'atteindre l'absorbeur.
PCT/GB1998/000098 1997-01-18 1998-01-13 Dispositifs capteurs d'energie solaire WO1998031971A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55683/98A AU5568398A (en) 1997-01-18 1998-01-13 Solar energy collecting devices

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9701057.3 1997-01-18
GBGB9701057.3A GB9701057D0 (en) 1997-01-18 1997-01-18 Solar energy collector
GB9716360.4 1997-08-02
GB9716360A GB2328034A (en) 1997-08-02 1997-08-02 Solar energy collecting device
GB9725699.4 1997-12-05
GBGB9725699.4A GB9725699D0 (en) 1997-12-05 1997-12-05 Solar energy collecting devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998031971A1 true WO1998031971A1 (fr) 1998-07-23

Family

ID=27268681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/000098 WO1998031971A1 (fr) 1997-01-18 1998-01-13 Dispositifs capteurs d'energie solaire

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5568398A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998031971A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817605A (en) * 1973-03-12 1974-06-18 Spector G Behind mirror focus light gathering device
US3957031A (en) * 1975-05-29 1976-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Light collectors in cylindrical geometry
US4065053A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-12-27 Nasa Low cost solar energy collection system
DE2855553A1 (de) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-31 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Sonnenenergie-umwandlungsanlage
US4281640A (en) * 1977-09-26 1981-08-04 Wells David N Electromagnetic radiation collector system
EP0046546A1 (fr) * 1980-08-18 1982-03-03 Kei Mori Appareil pour collecter des rayons solaires
WO1983001830A1 (fr) * 1981-11-17 1983-05-26 Garrett Michael Sainsbury Collecteur solaire
WO1992009856A1 (fr) * 1990-11-27 1992-06-11 Klein Ernest J Systeme capteur et concentrateur de rayonnement
US5275149A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-01-04 Ludlow Gilbert T Polar axis solar collector

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817605A (en) * 1973-03-12 1974-06-18 Spector G Behind mirror focus light gathering device
US3957031A (en) * 1975-05-29 1976-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Light collectors in cylindrical geometry
US4065053A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-12-27 Nasa Low cost solar energy collection system
US4281640A (en) * 1977-09-26 1981-08-04 Wells David N Electromagnetic radiation collector system
DE2855553A1 (de) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-31 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Sonnenenergie-umwandlungsanlage
EP0046546A1 (fr) * 1980-08-18 1982-03-03 Kei Mori Appareil pour collecter des rayons solaires
WO1983001830A1 (fr) * 1981-11-17 1983-05-26 Garrett Michael Sainsbury Collecteur solaire
WO1992009856A1 (fr) * 1990-11-27 1992-06-11 Klein Ernest J Systeme capteur et concentrateur de rayonnement
US5275149A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-01-04 Ludlow Gilbert T Polar axis solar collector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5568398A (en) 1998-08-07

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