WO1999046010A1 - Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) - Google Patents
Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999046010A1 WO1999046010A1 PCT/FR1999/000514 FR9900514W WO9946010A1 WO 1999046010 A1 WO1999046010 A1 WO 1999046010A1 FR 9900514 W FR9900514 W FR 9900514W WO 9946010 A1 WO9946010 A1 WO 9946010A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cerium
- foam
- mol
- foam according
- oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RJSZFSOFYVMDIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n,n-dimethylcarbamate Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C RJSZFSOFYVMDIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940031728 cocamidopropylamine oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(4+) Chemical compound [Ce+4] ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048866 lauramine oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N myristamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940104868 myristamine oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 50
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 50
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000566127 Ninox Species 0.000 description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000008258 liquid foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XXPRRHYTDCWGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(4-nonylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 XXPRRHYTDCWGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKFYMSIYJJSQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C GKFYMSIYJJSQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNLXNOZHXNSSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 HNLXNOZHXNSSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108091005647 acylated proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical compound [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003251 chemically resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXMOZGKEVIBBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;propanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCC([O-])=O AXMOZGKEVIBBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940078482 nonoxynol-8 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920004918 nonoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940087419 nonoxynol-9 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-amino-hydroxylamine Chemical class NON SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004909 octoxynol-16 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004912 octoxynol-30 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940098514 octoxynol-9 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tergitol NP-9 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
- G21F9/004—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes of metallic surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to decontamination foams, which can be used for the decontamination of large industrial equipment, in particular nuclear installations. It applies in particular to the decontamination of metallic equipment, for example stainless steel, for which it is advantageous to carry out a chemical attack on the metallic surface in order to dissolve the material superficially and to cause the contamination fixed therein. this .
- Decontamination foams are gas-liquid microdispersions or emulsions consisting of:
- liquid phase forming the dispersion medium, which contains the decontamination reagent (s) and the additive (s) necessary to form the foam, and
- the volume of the liquid phase may be small because the foam contains usually 5 to 50 times more gas than liquid. Consequently, the active liquid effluents coming from decontamination by means of a foam are substantially reduced.
- foam formulations suitable for the decontamination of chemically resistant materials such as certain stainless steels or Inconel.
- Ce (IV) in a sulfuric or nitric medium have been envisaged, these oxidizing mixtures having given very good decontamination results in the liquid phase.
- the document EP-A-0 526 305 [1] describes a decontamination foam in which the liquid phase comprises at least one decontamination reagent and two surfactants to promote the formation of the foam.
- the decontamination reagents can consist of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and cerium (IV).
- cerium (IV) plays the role of a powerful oxidizing agent, which allows in the case of the decontamination of stainless steel equipment, to ensure a chemical attack on the surface of the steel in order to dissolve superficially it and eliminate the fixed contamination.
- the main difficulty raised by a formulation comprising Ce (IV) consists in finding foaming surfactants capable of resisting the strongly oxidizing mixture associating a strong acid and the cerium IV.
- the normal oxidation-reduction potential of the Ce (IV) / Ce (III) couple amounts to 1.72 V.
- the second difficulty consists in formulating, on the basis of the retained surfactants, a foam having good rheological properties. and hydrodynamics allowing its implementation in installations with closed loop recirculation like that described in [1].
- the present invention specifically relates to a foam composition containing an oxidizing agent such as Ce (IV), which makes it possible to avoid this drawback thanks to the use of an appropriate surfactant, while exhibiting good runoff properties and being compatible with an implementation with closed loop recirculation.
- an oxidizing agent such as Ce (IV)
- the decontamination foam comprises: a) a liquid phase consisting of an aqueous solution comprising: - at least one inorganic acid,
- At least one oxidizing agent chosen from silver (II), cobalt (III), potassium permanganate and cerium (IV).
- a surfactant comprising at least one amine oxide
- a gas phase dispersed in the liquid phase
- the use of a surfactant consisting of at least one amine oxide makes it possible to avoid the reduction of the oxidizing agents mentioned and thus to obtain a decontamination foam having significant chemical resistance and compatible with the duration d 'a decontamination operation, which is usually 1 to 10 hours. Furthermore, the choice of this surfactant makes it possible to obtain a foam having rheological properties suitable for the decontamination of nuclear installations.
- amino oxides used in the invention can correspond to the following formula:
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be identical or different, are hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 being a hydrocarbon group at least 8 carbon atoms, so that the amine oxide can play the role of surfactant.
- the hydrocarbon groups used for R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be aliphatic groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- saturated groups mention may be made of linear or branched alkyl groups.
- the substituents which can be used in the hydrocarbon groups can be, for example, halogen atoms, amido, hydroxyl, ester groups, etc.
- the groups R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have at most 16 carbon atoms.
- the amine oxide used corresponds to the formula given above in which R 1 and R 3 are lower alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups, and R 2 is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 3 are lower alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups
- R 2 is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- amine oxides which can be used in the invention, mention may be made of the following commercial products:
- Aromox® or cocodimethylamine oxide, is a mixture of amine oxides corresponding to formula (I) given above with R 1 and R 3 representing the methyl group and R 2 being a C1 to 6 alkyl group, C X4 or C ⁇ 2 .
- the amine oxide with R 2 at C i predominates before the amine oxide where R 2 is at C ⁇ , then before the amine oxide with R 1 at C ⁇ 6 .
- Ninox FCA or cocamidopropylamine oxide
- cocamidopropylamine oxide is also a mixture of amine oxides of formula
- R 1 represents the propyl group
- R 2 represents an aliphatic chain
- R 3 is an alkyl group.
- the oxidizing agent can consist of silver (II), cobalt (III), potassium permanganate or cerium (IV).
- cerium (IV) is used.
- the acid used in the liquid phase of the foam can be nitric acid, sulfuric acid or mixtures thereof. 7
- the acid concentration of the aqueous solution is from 0.3 N to 4 N.
- the concentration of nitric acid in the liquid phase is low, for example from 0.3 to 2 mol / l, and preferably from 0, 3 to 0.35 mol / l, due to the problems of partial insolubility of this amine oxide in nitric medium. Too low an acidity, for example less than 0.3 N, is not desirable since it leads to the insolubilization of the cerium. Conversely, a high acidity leads to slower kinetics of solubilization of the cerium and does not otherwise significantly increase the efficiency of the process.
- An acidity of the order of 2N is particularly suitable for the decontamination of stainless steel surfaces.
- Cerium (IV) can be present in the liquid phase of the foam in the form of cerium sulphate or double ammonium and cerium nitrate.
- the inorganic acid is nitric acid
- the concentration of cerium (IV) in the liquid phase of the foam is advantageously from 0.01 to 0.2 mol / 1.
- the optimal value is around 0.05 mol / 1.
- the total concentration of surfactant based on amine oxide is generally in the range from 5 to 50 g / l.
- This concentration is chosen according to the amine oxide used.
- Ninox® it is also possible to use concentrations of 10 to 40 g / 1, but preferably 20 to 30 g / 1.
- Ninox® leads to drier and more stable foams therefore having a longer lifespan while Aromox® tends to moisten the foam and reduce its stability.
- the surfactant consists of a mixture of amine oxides
- a suitable concentration is chosen as a function of the proportions of the amine oxides in the mixture.
- Aqueous solution comprising: - 0.3 to 2 mol / 1 of HN0 3 ,
- Aqueous solution comprising:
- Aqueous solution comprising:
- the liquid phase of the foam it is possible to operate in the following manner.
- the acids are first introduced into a stirred tank, then the cerium (IV) is added in the form of cerium sulphate, double cerium nitrate and ammonium or cerium (IV) electrogenerated from cerium (III) nitrate, and the surfactant (s) based on amine oxide is added last.
- This order of introduction is chosen to facilitate the solubilization of cerium (IV) because it decreases in the presence of surfactants.
- a conventional technique is used to prepare the foam. This can be done using a foam generator in which the gaseous phase is passed under pressure in a diffuser placed within the liquid phase introduced into the generator.
- the size of the gas bubbles is a function of the gas phase flow rate, its distribution through the pores of the sintered plate constituting the diffuser and above all the pressure drop caused by the porous lining.
- the gas content of the foam is adjusted by appropriately choosing the flow rates and pressures for introducing the liquid phase and the gaseous phase into the. 10
- the gas phase can be a gas or a mixture of gases, for example oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, argon and most often air.
- the gas and liquid flow rates are chosen so as to obtain a foam, the expansion of which is in the range from 5 to 40 and, preferably, from 10 to 20.
- the foams of the invention can be used in a temperature range from 15 to 65 ° C. At high temperature, the kinetics of attack of the metal surface to be decontaminated are accelerated, but at the same time the reduction of the cerium (IV) to cerium (III) by the surfactants is favored. The foams obtained are of lower quality because they are drier and less stable. If the temperature is too low, the kinetics of chemical attack on the surface to be decontaminated will be slow. For optimal use of cerium (IV) foams, the temperature should be in the range of 20 to 50 ° C.
- the foams of the invention can be destabilized by mechanical means, for example by ultrasound, in order to quickly separate the liquid phase from the foam at the end of the operation.
- the single figure represents the device used for the foamability tests of the decontamination foams.
- This table also shows the results obtained with NINOX L and NINOX M.
- Oxide Proportion Cerium (IV) content Cerium (IV) content Appearance of mass amine after 24 h. after 60 h. liquid phase.
- Octoxynol 30 PEG-30 octyl phenyl ether soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0
- Octoxynol 9 PEG-octyl phenyl ether soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 13.33 0
- Poloxamer 18 ⁇ polyethylene polypropylene soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 glycols
- Alkyl dimethylamine betaine soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 15
- Nonoxynol 8 PEG-8 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 phenyl ether
- Nonoxynol 9 PEG-9 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 10 0 phenyl ether
- Nonoxynol 20 PEG-20 nonyl soluble in HNO3 + Ce 100 0 0 phenyl ether
- Tables 1 and 5 show an exceptional stability of the amines oxides AROMOX compared to that of any other surfactant and good behavior of the amines oxides NINOX from the point of view of foamability. It is therefore on the basis of these molecules that the amine formulation study was carried out.
- a liquid foam phase is prepared, formed from an aqueous solution of cerium (IV) and Aromox® containing 1 mol / 1 of nitric acid, 2.8% by weight of Aromox® and 0 , 03 mol / 1 of cerium (IV), then the evolution of the concentration of cerium (IV) of this solution is determined as a function of time.
- Table 6 which follows.
- a liquid foam phase is prepared, consisting of a 1 mol / 1 sulfuric acid solution comprising 0.06 mol / 1 of cerium (IV) and 2.8% by weight of Aromox®.
- a liquid foam phase consisting of a 1 mol / 1 nitric acid solution comprising 0.03 mol / 1 of cerium (IV) and 2.5% by weight of surfactant consisting of Ninox FCA is prepared. .
- 5 foams are prepared in accordance with the invention, using the amounts of acid (nitric acid or sulfuric acid), cerium (IV) and amine oxide (Aromox® or Ninox®) mentioned in table 9.
- a foam generator For the production of the foam, a foam generator is used which is supplied with liquid at the flow rate given in table 9 and a gaseous phase consisting of air introduced at the flow rate indicated in table 9.
- the quality criteria closely depend on the desired application.
- decontamination certain qualitative criteria can be set, this is the first step.
- a second step it is possible, using a model representative of the envisaged application, here the decontamination of large components, to quantify certain properties.
- the objective is to obtain a formulation which gives the foam the following properties:
- the experimental device shown in the appended figure consists of a loop 1,3 allowing the circulation of foam. It consists :
- the drainage rate qualifies the proportion of liquid present in the foam at the high level and at the low level. It is defined as the ratio of the liquid flow rate on the wall to the liquid flow rate introduced at the inlet, at the bottom of the vertical column, multiplied by
- the test is carried out at 20 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the cerium (IV) is preferably introduced in the form of sulfate, it can be introduced all at once or added gradually in the form of metered additions. It is preferred not to exceed a molar concentration of cerium (IV) of 0.15 mol / l.
- Aromox® In nitric medium, the function is better with Ninox®, but given its lower chemical resistance to cerium (IV), Aromox® may be preferred for long-term applications. With Aromox®, however, nitric solutions with a concentration of around 0.35 mol / l and a cerium (IV) concentration of less than 0.03 mol / l should preferably be used due to insolubility problems. partial of Aromox® in nitric medium.
- Amonyl® is a sulfobetaine corresponding to the following formula:
- R 1 is an alkyl group and X represents
- Oramix® is an alkyl ether of oligosaccharide corresponding to the following formula:
- n is an integer from 1 to 5 and R is a C 10 -C 10 alkyl group.
- sodium hydroxide or a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate, or a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, is used as reagent.
- 4-methyl-2-pentanol is added as a foam destabilizing agent.
- Oramix® alkyl oligosaccharide ether (see EP-A-0 526 305)
- Amonyl® sulfobetaine (see EP-A 0 526 305)
- a 1 mol / l nitric solution is used with variable proportions of the two surfactants, and 5 l of foam are prepared under the following conditions:
- cerium foams having the characteristics given in Table 12 are used to decontaminate a 304 L type stainless steel plate by surface erosion using the liquid flow rates and the air flow rates mentioned in Table 8. for the preparation of the foam, and by bringing the stainless steel plate into contact with the foam for the times indicated in table 12.
- Aromox® Ninox® Aromox® Aromox® Aromox® Surfactants (% by mass) 2.8% 2.5% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8%
- HNO3 HN03: H2SO4: H2SO4: H2SO4:
Landscapes
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69900595T DE69900595T2 (de) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Oxidationsmittel wie cerium (iv) enthaltender schaum zur dekontamination |
AU27321/99A AU2732199A (en) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Decontaminating foam comprising an oxidising agent such as cerium (iv) |
EP99907664A EP1062006B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/02836 | 1998-03-09 | ||
FR9802836A FR2775606B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1998-03-09 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999046010A1 true WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1999-09-16 |
Family
ID=9523806
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/000514 WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1062006B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2732199A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69900595T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2169946T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2775606B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999046010A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019112571A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination |
US11220781B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
US11266865B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-03-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6566574B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-05-20 | Sandia Corporation | Formulations for neutralization of chemical and biological toxants |
US7390432B2 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2008-06-24 | Sandia Corporation | Enhanced formulations for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxants |
FR2841802B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2005-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition, mousse et procede de decontamination de surfaces |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0095045A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co. | Liquide décontaminant |
US4857225A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Cleaning chemical for aluminium surface |
EP0526305A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à durée de vie contrôlée |
EP0727243A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à l'ozone, et procédé de décontamination utilisant cette mousse |
US5645648A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1997-07-08 | Karl Loffler GmbH & Company KG | Process for cleaning and disinfecting devices in the brewing industry |
-
1998
- 1998-03-09 FR FR9802836A patent/FR2775606B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-08 WO PCT/FR1999/000514 patent/WO1999046010A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-03-08 EP EP99907664A patent/EP1062006B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 DE DE69900595T patent/DE69900595T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 ES ES99907664T patent/ES2169946T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 AU AU27321/99A patent/AU2732199A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0095045A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co. | Liquide décontaminant |
US4857225A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Cleaning chemical for aluminium surface |
EP0526305A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-02-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à durée de vie contrôlée |
US5645648A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1997-07-08 | Karl Loffler GmbH & Company KG | Process for cleaning and disinfecting devices in the brewing industry |
EP0727243A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Mousse de décontamination à l'ozone, et procédé de décontamination utilisant cette mousse |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11220781B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
US11795610B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2023-10-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
WO2019112571A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions de décontamination et méthodes de décontamination |
US11266865B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-03-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2169946T3 (es) | 2002-07-16 |
AU2732199A (en) | 1999-09-27 |
EP1062006B1 (fr) | 2001-12-12 |
FR2775606B1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 |
EP1062006A1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 |
DE69900595D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
DE69900595T2 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
FR2775606A1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1520279B1 (fr) | Composition, mousse et procede de decontamination de surfaces | |
Verma et al. | Green surfactants for corrosion control: Design, performance and applications | |
US8337710B2 (en) | Ozone oxidation accelerator, ozone oxidation accelerator composition, and ozone treatment method | |
US5954890A (en) | Compositions and methods for coating removal | |
WO1998027169A1 (fr) | Compositions peroxydes hydrocarboxyliques a base de d'eau, leur preparation et leur utilisation | |
WO1997035323A1 (fr) | Gel organomineral de decontamination et son utilisation pour la decontamination de surfaces | |
WO2009042223A2 (fr) | Système pour l'assainissement d'une eau de sol, d'une nappe et d'une eau de surface, et procédés apparentés | |
EP2315526A2 (fr) | Composition aqueuse biocide à base de h2o2, procede de fabrication et utilisation | |
EP1062006B1 (fr) | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) | |
EP0526305B1 (fr) | Mousse de décontamination à durée de vie contrôlée | |
EP1121690B1 (fr) | Composition de degraissage et procedes utilisant cette composition | |
Chen et al. | High-efficiency metal-free electro-Fenton system on oxygenated graphene-based floating electrodes | |
FR2827610A1 (fr) | Composition de degraissage utilisable pour le degraissage et/ou la decontamination de surfaces solides | |
CN114846113B (zh) | 粉尘抑制剂及使用该粉尘抑制剂的粉尘抑制方法 | |
JP5085157B2 (ja) | オゾン酸化促進剤、オゾン酸化促進剤組成物およびオゾン処理方法 | |
WO2001022431A1 (fr) | Gel organique de decontamination et son utilisation pour la decontamination de surfaces | |
EP0844292B1 (fr) | Composition et son utilisation pour convertir un gaz contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré et de l'anhydride sulfureux en soufre | |
CN112772669A (zh) | 一种异菌脲和腐霉利悬浮剂及其制备方法 | |
Ahmad et al. | Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on fatty acids for enhanced phenol extraction in supported liquid membrane systems | |
JP2009149775A (ja) | 洗濯槽用洗浄剤組成物 | |
FR2730641A1 (fr) | Mousse de decontamination a l'ozone, et procede de decontamination utilisant cette mousse | |
CN110167281A (zh) | 封孔剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
EP1469482A1 (fr) | Procédé et produit de décontamination radioactive | |
CN114381344A (zh) | 一种微泡促溶清洗液及其应用 | |
CN106929188A (zh) | 清洁剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1999907664 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1999907664 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1999907664 Country of ref document: EP |