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WO1999066800A1 - Process for dosing the weight of dough portions and machine for implementing such process - Google Patents

Process for dosing the weight of dough portions and machine for implementing such process Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999066800A1
WO1999066800A1 PCT/ES1999/000190 ES9900190W WO9966800A1 WO 1999066800 A1 WO1999066800 A1 WO 1999066800A1 ES 9900190 W ES9900190 W ES 9900190W WO 9966800 A1 WO9966800 A1 WO 9966800A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hopper
mass
cylinder
block
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES1999/000190
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jaime Torrents Rius
José TORRENTS MARCE
Original Assignee
Industrias Torrents, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrias Torrents, S.A. filed Critical Industrias Torrents, S.A.
Publication of WO1999066800A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999066800A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
    • A21C5/00—Dough-dividing machines
    • A21C5/02—Dough-dividing machines with division boxes and ejection plungers

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method for the dosing by weight of portions of dough, especially for the dosing by weight of portions of bread dough, and a corresponding machine for its implementation.
  • a suitable method for producing dosed portions by weight is to perform a pre-homogenization of the dough to provide it with a known uniform density, before proceeding to determine its volume and weight.
  • EP-A-0003394 describes a method, and a machine for its implementation, for obtaining mass portions dosed by weight in which a piston is provided for compacting a quantity of mass, and sensor means of the pressure, adjustable, to determine the degree of said compaction according to a density of the desired mass.
  • Patent EP-A-0824864 of the same petitioner of the present application, describes a procedure and a corresponding machine for the production of portions dosed by weight, the procedure of which consists of the following steps:
  • step (d) return to the said hopper, by a controlled displacement of the plunger, an amount of excess mass calculated by difference between the weight of the already homogenized mass calculated in step (c) and the weight of the desired portion; and (e) expulsion outside said cylinder, by a total displacement of the piston, of the amount of remaining mass, corresponding to the desired portion.
  • the corresponding machine comprises, in synthesis, a block defining said cylinder, with a crank connecting rod mechanism for moving said piston inside, and means for tilting said block facing successively an open end of said cylinder or an opening of a hopper for storage and mass supply, or to a closing wall, or to an area close to a conveyor belt, including sensing means of the pressure exerted by the mass on the head of the plunger to determine the degree of homogenization thereof.
  • Obtaining the weight is achieved through an electronic calculation in which they are taken into account; an indeterminate amount of mass absorbed by a cylinder; the amount of preselected or preset mass corresponding to the weight of the desired portion to be obtained; as well as the displacements of the piston inside the cylinder to achieve homogenization by compaction of the absorbed mass, and to effect the return of an amount of excess mass corresponding to the difference between the amount of homogenized absorbed mass and the predetermined mass amount , all in accordance with the equivalences between the displacements of the piston and the corresponding impulses provided by a pulse generator, in functional combination with a pressure switch that checks the position of the piston when it reaches a point at its displacement at which the pressure on the mass corresponds to the desired homogenization, and whose displacement will correspond to a number of pulses counted by a pulse counter.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide such a method and machine provided with purge means to allow air to escape, together with a small amount of mass, from the inside of the cylinder in the stage. of homogenization, in order to guarantee its achievement.
  • a drain hole is provided in the closing wall.
  • a purge opening is formed by means of a communication between cylinder and hopper by an incomplete displacement in the balancing of the block that integrates said cylinder, whereby, in addition to purging the air , the dough that comes out next to it is recovered in the hopper itself.
  • Even more effective is the solution of compacting the dough in the homogenization stage against a portion, provided with bleed holes, of the blade of a cutting blade, the provision of which is detailed below, interposed between cylinder and hopper, is revealed. which, in addition to recovering the projecting mass, displacements of the cylinder integral block are saved.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a machine of this type provided with means for cutting and separating the dough at an additional stage immediately after the return stage to the hopper of the amount of surplus and previous mass to the expulsion stage.
  • said return is carried out in two stages according to the following rate:
  • step (di) return a greater part of the excess mass to the hopper by means of a greater part of the piston displacement calculated in step (c);
  • (fl) transversely cut the mass throughout the length of the passage area between the mouth of the cavity and the hopper, by advancing a cutting member such as a blade and keeping the remaining mass in the cavity separated from the remaining mass returned to the hopper by interposing between them a wall provided with one or more holes;
  • step (d2) complete the return to the hopper of the excess dough, through said one or more holes of said interposed wall, by concluding the displacement of the plunger calculated in step (c); Y
  • Figs. the a Id together show a diagram of the different phases of the process of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned perspective view showing the cylinder block with the piston and other associated parts and mechanisms
  • Figs. 3 to 5 schematically show, in elevation, the mechanisms of balancing the piston block and the conveyor belt in three different characteristic positions
  • Fig. 6 illustrates, also schematically and in elevation, the cutting blade drive mechanism.
  • Fig. Ib the phase of pressing said mass inside said cylinder 1 is shown by means of said plunger 2 (in this example, against a portion of the blade of a blade 8) until a predetermined pressure value is reached to provide a degree of homogenization of said desired mass, thereby obtaining a mass of known density.
  • the resulting displacement of the piston 2 is worth Xh.
  • displacement control means the position of said piston 2 is determined at the time said predetermined pressure value is reached and the weight of the already homogenized mass contained in said cavity is calculated based on said known mass density and volume it occupies.
  • an amount of excess mass calculated by difference between the weight of the already homogenized mass calculated in step (c) and the weight of the desired portion is returned to said hopper.
  • said return is made in two stages (Figs. Le and Id); by a first displacement Xrl corresponding to a greater part of the displacement of the piston 2 calculated in step (c); and a second offset Xr2 corresponding to the remaining offset.
  • the first displacement Xrl would be carried out through the entire expedited opening between cylinder 1 and the hopper and would be followed by a cutting operation by means of the blade 8, the second displacement Xr2 being carried out through holes of a portion of the blade of said blade 8 interposed between cylinder and hopper, a final cutting of refining of the dough passing through said holes being carried out.
  • the distance Xd corresponding to the amount of mass remaining inside the cylinder corresponds to the desired final portion, dosed by weight, where:
  • Xd Xm - Xh - (Xrl + Xr2) all these distances being determined and / or accurately calculated by means consisting of a pulse generator, a pressure switch and a counter of said pulses.
  • a block 10 can be seen that defines a cylinder 1, linked to the bed by means of a joint 9 aligned along a horizontal axis, whose block 10 is finished off, around an open end of the cylinder 1 by a widened wall 11, the curved convex shape whose outer surface corresponds to that of a portion of a coaxial cylinder to said joint 9 (see Figs. 3 to 5), the shape of the head of a piston 2 coinciding with said surface when It is in its limit position, flush with the open end of the cylinder 1.
  • Said cylinder incorporates a sleeve Ib to avoid friction wear between the walls of the cylinder and the piston 2.
  • Said curved wall comprises a portion, close to the vertical of the joint 9, into which an opening 5a of a hopper 5 (shown in Figs. 3 to 6), and a portion provided with a purge opening (13).
  • the block 10 is capable of adopting an approximately vertical position in which the open end of the cylinder 1 faces the opening 5a of the hopper 5 to take from it an undetermined amount of non-homogenized mass or to return to the same a calculated amount, another inclined position (see Figs. 3 to 6) in which the open end of the cylinder 1 faces said purge opening 13 to allow the exit of air and mass in the execution of homogenization by compaction of the mass contained in the cylinder 1 by means of the piston 2 against said portion of the curved wall, and another inclined position in which said open end is exceeded by the curved wall of the block 12, being close to a conveyor belt 7 to transfer to the same a portion of dough once homogenized and dosed in weigh.
  • Said curvoconcave wall of block 12 comprises, comprising the portion into which the opening 5a of the hopper 5, a uniform recess 14 of edges parallel to said joint 9 of width and thickness substantially equal to that of the blade of a blade 8, for housing thereof and guiding its translation movement, said blade 8 adapting, by flexibility, to the curved shape of said recess 14.
  • said widened wall 11 covers, at least in large part, the recess 14 for the blade 8 in any of the positions adopted by the block 10.
  • a detector 36 of the boundary position of the piston 2 flush with the mouth of the open end is included that of the cylinder 1, which together with a pulse generator 38, for example a decoder associated with the motor shaft 37, which maintains a proportional relationship with the displacement of the piston 2 inside the cylinder 1, they provide to electronic means data referring, respectively, to the zero reference position and to the relative displacement of the piston 2 to perform calculations of the weight of the amounts of homogenized mass contained in said cylinder 1 and the excess amounts to be returned to hopper 5.
  • the connecting rod 3 is formed by at least two related parts by means of a longitudinal sliding guide 41, so that said means for sensing the pressure exerted by the mass on the piston 2 consist of a hydraulic cylinder whose body 39 is integral with one of the parts of said connecting rod 3 while the end of the rod 40 of said hydraulic cylinder is integral with the other of the parts of said connecting rod 3.
  • the means for driving the displacement of the block 10 which in this embodiment has materialized as a balancing movement, comprise a motor-reducer group 15 that drives, through a transmission that includes a cardan coupling 16, a spindle 17 that engages within a threaded hole of a block 18 that is articulatedly linked, to an appendage 19 integral with said block 10, at a point below and away from the axis of the articulation 9 of the block 10, and means for detecting the position 43 to cooperate in the government of said motor-reducer group 15 by electronic means, known per se.
  • a conveyor belt 7 extends between a roller 20 of the pick-up edge and a roller 21 of the delivery edge, whose roller 20 is mounted on a first frame 22 integral with an arm 22a articulated coaxially to the joint 9 of the block 10 while said roller 21 is mounted on a fixed bed and driven by a motor-reducer group 23 provided with a transmission 24.
  • a first tension roller 25 is disposed on said first frame 22 and a second tension roller 26, provided with elastic supports 27, is mounted on a second frame 28 articulated on the axis of the roller 21 of the delivery edge and provided with sliding guides 29 in which the ends of the axis of said roller 20 slide from the collection edge, existing in an intermediate area of said arm 22a a bolt 32 that slides into a sliding guide 33 located at one end of a lever 30 provided, at its other end, with an articulation 31 with respect to said ban each, and in an intermediate zone of a bolt 34 that slides on a cam 35 integral with the block 10.
  • Said cam 35 has a section 35a concentric to the axis of the articulation 9 of the block 10 so that when said block tilts to face the open end of the cylinder 1 to the closing wall 6 the bolt 34 of the lever 30 slides along said section 35a of cam 35 without being affected in its movement.
  • one end of the blade of said cutting blade 8 is integral with a piece 42 provided with slides 44 that slide along transverse guides 45 parallel to the edges of the recess 14 of the curved wall of block 12, whose piece 42 includes an appendix 46 in which, in a perpendicular direction to said guides 45, a bar 47 is connected, connected at its opposite end to a bolt 49, fixed to the bed, by means of a sliding guide 48, whose bar 47 also includes, in its middle zone, another sliding guide 50 in which a bolt 51 of a crank 52 slides driven by a motor-reducer group 53 through a transmission 54.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process which comprises a dough homogenizing phase by compressing the dough in a cavity up to a predetermined value with means for purging the air bubbles out by expulsing them together with a small dough portion during compaction of the dough; the process also comprises a return phase to return to the hopper the dough excess from an initial load phase, the return including a step of transverse cutting and separation of the dough between the inlet of the cavity and the hopper. The machine is comprised of a blade (8) which is transversely displaceable with respect to the opening (5a) of a hopper and is flush with respect to said opening, and has a cutting edge (8b); means are provided to set in motion said blade (8) and means are provided to detect the position of the blade in order to control the displacement means in synchronism with the movements of other mobile parts of the machine.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA DOSIFICACIÓN EN PESO DE PORCIONES DE MASA Y MÁQUINA PARA SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN PROCEDURE FOR DOSAGE BY WEIGHT OF MASS AND MACHINE PORTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención concierne a un procedimiento para la dosificación en peso de porciones de masa, en especial para la dosificación en peso de porciones de masa panificable, y a una correspondiente máquina para su implementación.The present invention concerns a method for the dosing by weight of portions of dough, especially for the dosing by weight of portions of bread dough, and a corresponding machine for its implementation.
ANTECEDENTESBACKGROUND
El principal problema que se presenta cuando se pretende dosificar en peso porciones de masa, en especial de masa panificable, consiste en que dicha masa, tal como llega a la entrada del aparato dosificador, no es homogénea, es decir, que no todas las zonas de dicha masa tiene la misma densidad, presentando frecuentemente cavidades e inclusiones de aire, por lo que no se puede establecer de manera inmediata una relación lineal entre volumen y densidad para obtener el peso de dichas porciones. Por lo tanto, un método adecuado para producir porciones dosificadas en peso consiste en realizar un tratamiento previo de homogeneización de la masa para dotarla de una densidad uniforme conocida, antes de proceder a la determinación de su volumen y peso.The main problem that arises when it is intended to dose by weight portions of dough, especially bread dough, is that said dough, as it reaches the entrance of the dosing apparatus, is not homogeneous, that is, that not all areas of said mass has the same density, frequently presenting cavities and air inclusions, so that a linear relationship between volume and density cannot be established immediately to obtain the weight of said portions. Therefore, a suitable method for producing dosed portions by weight is to perform a pre-homogenization of the dough to provide it with a known uniform density, before proceeding to determine its volume and weight.
En la Patente EP-A-0003394 se describe un método, y una máquina para su implementación, para la obtención de porciones de masa dosificadas en peso en el que se prevé un pistón para la compactación de una cantidad de masa, y unos medios sensores de la presión, regulables, para determinar el grado de dicha compactación de acuerdo con una densidad de la masa deseada.EP-A-0003394 describes a method, and a machine for its implementation, for obtaining mass portions dosed by weight in which a piston is provided for compacting a quantity of mass, and sensor means of the pressure, adjustable, to determine the degree of said compaction according to a density of the desired mass.
Por otra parte, la Patente EP-A-0824864, del mismo peticionario de la presente solicitud, describe un procedimiento y una máquina correspondiente para la producción de porciones dosificadas en peso, cuyo procedimiento consiste en las siguientes etapas:On the other hand, Patent EP-A-0824864, of the same petitioner of the present application, describes a procedure and a corresponding machine for the production of portions dosed by weight, the procedure of which consists of the following steps:
(a) cargar en un cilindro, a través de una abertura desde una tolva, una cantidad indeterminada de masa no homogeneizada, con desplazamiento de un émbolo;(a) load into an cylinder, through an opening from a hopper, an indeterminate amount of non-homogenized mass, with displacement of a plunger;
(b) presionar dicha masa en el interior de dicho cilindro mediante el citado émbolo hasta un valor de presión predeterminado para proporcionar un grado de homogeneización deseado de dicha masa, obteniéndose con ello una masa de densidad conocida;(b) pressing said mass inside said cylinder by means of said plunger to a predetermined pressure value to provide a degree of desired homogenization of said mass, thereby obtaining a mass of known density;
(c) determinar mediante unos medios de control de desplazamiento la posición de dicho émbolo en el momento de alcanzarse dicho valor de presión predeterminado y calcular el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada contenido en dicho cilindro en función de dicha densidad conocida de la masa y del volumen que ocupa;(c) determine by means of displacement control means the position of said piston at the time said predetermined pressure value is reached and calculate the weight of the already homogenized mass contained in said cylinder based on said known mass density and volume it occupies;
(d) retornar a la citada tolva, mediante un desplazamiento controlado del émbolo, una cantidad de masa sobrante calculada por diferencia entre el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada calculado en la etapa (c) y el peso de la porción deseada; y (e) expulsión al exterior de dicho cilindro, mediante un total desplazamiento del émbolo, de la cantidad de masa remanente, correspondiente a la porción deseada.(d) return to the said hopper, by a controlled displacement of the plunger, an amount of excess mass calculated by difference between the weight of the already homogenized mass calculated in step (c) and the weight of the desired portion; and (e) expulsion outside said cylinder, by a total displacement of the piston, of the amount of remaining mass, corresponding to the desired portion.
La correspondiente máquina comprende, en síntesis, un bloque que define dicho cilindro, con un mecanismo de biela manivela para desplazar dicho émbolo por su interior, y unos medios para bascular dicho bloque enfrentando sucesivamente un extremo abierto de dicho cilindro o bien a una abertura de una tolva de almacenamiento y suministro de masa, o a una pared de cierre, o a una zona próxima a una banda transportadora, incluyendo medios sensores de la presión ejercida por la masa sobre la cabeza del émbolo para determinar el grado de homogeneización de la misma. La obtención del peso se consigue mediante un cálculo electrónico en el que se tienen en cuenta; una cantidad indeterminada de masa absorbida por un cilindro; la cantidad de masa preseleccionada o preestablecida correspondiente al peso de la porción a obtener, deseada; así como los desplazamientos del pistón en el interior del cilindro para conseguir la homogeneización por compactación de la masa absorbida, y para efectuar la devolución de una cantidad de masa sobrante correspondiente a la diferencia entre la cantidad de masa absorbida homogeneizada y la cantidad de masa preestablecida, todo ello de acuerdo con las equivalencias entre los desplazamientos del pistón y los impulsos correspondientes que proporciona un generador de impulsos, en combinación funcional con un presostato que comprueba la posición del pistón cuando éste alcanza en su desplazamiento un punto en que la presión sobre la masa corresponde a la de homogeneización deseada, y a cuyo desplazamiento le corresponderá un número de impulsos contabilizados por un contador de impulsos. Si bien en esencia dicho procedimiento y máquina se han mostrado eficaces en su implementación, se ha observado que presentan algunos inconvenientes que comprometen seriamente la exactitud en el peso de las porciones: En primer lugar, al realizarse la citada etapa de homogeneización de la masa por compactación de una cantidad de la misma, contenida dentro de dicho cilindro, mediante dicho émbolo contra la citada pared de cierre, y al ser ésta completamente ciega, el aire contenido en la masa no homogénea se ve impedido de salir del cilindro, permaneciendo comprimido en su interior, con lo que la lectura efectuada por los medios sensores de la presión no corresponde fielmente a una determinada densidad de la masa homogeneizada. Por otra parte, en la etapa de retornar a la citada tolva, mediante un desplazamiento controlado del émbolo, una cantidad de masa sobrante, la masa del interior del émbolo se une a la masa del interior de la tolva, de manera que, al bascular dicho bloque para trasladar el citado extremo abierto del cilindro desde una posición enfrentada con la abertura de la tolva hasta una posición próxima a la citada banda transportadora, la masa se desgarra de una manera incontrolada, siendo imposible determinar la cantidad que queda finalmente dentro del cilindro, con lo que se pierde la supuesta precisión obtenida por el procedimiento en las etapas precedentes. BREVE EXPOSICIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNThe corresponding machine comprises, in synthesis, a block defining said cylinder, with a crank connecting rod mechanism for moving said piston inside, and means for tilting said block facing successively an open end of said cylinder or an opening of a hopper for storage and mass supply, or to a closing wall, or to an area close to a conveyor belt, including sensing means of the pressure exerted by the mass on the head of the plunger to determine the degree of homogenization thereof. Obtaining the weight is achieved through an electronic calculation in which they are taken into account; an indeterminate amount of mass absorbed by a cylinder; the amount of preselected or preset mass corresponding to the weight of the desired portion to be obtained; as well as the displacements of the piston inside the cylinder to achieve homogenization by compaction of the absorbed mass, and to effect the return of an amount of excess mass corresponding to the difference between the amount of homogenized absorbed mass and the predetermined mass amount , all in accordance with the equivalences between the displacements of the piston and the corresponding impulses provided by a pulse generator, in functional combination with a pressure switch that checks the position of the piston when it reaches a point at its displacement at which the pressure on the mass corresponds to the desired homogenization, and whose displacement will correspond to a number of pulses counted by a pulse counter. While in essence this procedure and machine have proved effective in its implementation, it has been observed that they present some drawbacks that seriously compromise the accuracy in the weight of the portions: First, when the said stage of homogenization of the dough is carried out by compacting an amount thereof, contained within said cylinder, by means of said piston against said closing wall, and since it is completely blind, the air contained in the non-homogeneous mass is prevented from leaving the cylinder, remaining compressed in its interior, whereby the reading made by the means Pressure sensors do not correspond faithfully to a certain density of the homogenized mass. On the other hand, in the stage of returning to the said hopper, by a controlled displacement of the plunger, an amount of excess mass, the mass inside the plunger is attached to the mass inside the hopper, so that, when tilting said block to move the said open end of the cylinder from a position facing the opening of the hopper to a position close to said conveyor belt, the mass is torn in an uncontrolled manner, it being impossible to determine the amount finally left inside the cylinder , thereby losing the supposed accuracy obtained by the procedure in the preceding stages. BRIEF EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
Por lo tanto, un objetivo de la presente invención es el de proporcionar un procedimiento y una máquina de este tipo provista de unos medios de purga para permitir la salida del aire, junto con una pequeña cantidad de masa, del interior del cilindro en la etapa de homogeneización, con el fin de garantizar el logro de la misma.Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide such a method and machine provided with purge means to allow air to escape, together with a small amount of mass, from the inside of the cylinder in the stage. of homogenization, in order to guarantee its achievement.
Para ello, en una primera realización, se ha previsto un orificio de purga en la pared de cierre. Sin embargo, se ha revelado como una solución más apropiada que una abertura de purga quede formada por medio de una comunicación entre cilindro y tolva por un desplazamiento incompleto en el balanceo del bloque que integra dicho cilindro, con lo que, además de purgarse el aire, la masa que sale junto al mismo se recupera en la propia tolva. Más eficaz aún se revela la solución de efectuar la compactación de la masa en la etapa de homogeneización contra una porción, provista de orificios de purga, de la hoja de una cuchilla de corte, cuya provisión se detalla seguidamente, interpuesta entre cilindro y tolva, con lo que además de recuperar la masa saliente se economizan desplazamientos del bloque integrante del cilindro. Otro objetivo de la presente invención es el de proporcionar un procedimiento y una máquina de este tipo provista unos medios de corte y separación de la masa en una etapa adicional inmediatamente posterior a la etapa de retorno a la tolva de la cantidad de masa sobrante y anterior a la etapa de expulsión. Además, para una mayor precisión en la fase de retorno de la masa sobrante, dicho retorno se efectúa en dos tiempos según la siguiente cadencia:For this, in a first embodiment, a drain hole is provided in the closing wall. However, it has been revealed as a more appropriate solution that a purge opening is formed by means of a communication between cylinder and hopper by an incomplete displacement in the balancing of the block that integrates said cylinder, whereby, in addition to purging the air , the dough that comes out next to it is recovered in the hopper itself. Even more effective is the solution of compacting the dough in the homogenization stage against a portion, provided with bleed holes, of the blade of a cutting blade, the provision of which is detailed below, interposed between cylinder and hopper, is revealed. which, in addition to recovering the projecting mass, displacements of the cylinder integral block are saved. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a machine of this type provided with means for cutting and separating the dough at an additional stage immediately after the return stage to the hopper of the amount of surplus and previous mass to the expulsion stage. In addition, for greater accuracy in the return phase of the remaining mass, said return is carried out in two stages according to the following rate:
(di) retornar una mayor parte de la masa en exceso a la tolva mediante una mayor parte del desplazamiento del émbolo calculado en la etapa (c);(di) return a greater part of the excess mass to the hopper by means of a greater part of the piston displacement calculated in step (c);
(fl) cortar transversalmente la masa en toda la extensión del área de paso entre la boca de la cavidad y la tolva, mediante el avance de un miembro de corte tal como una cuchilla y mantener la masa remanente en la cavidad separada de la masa sobrante retornada a la tolva mediante la interposición entre ambas de una pared provista de uno o más de orificios;(fl) transversely cut the mass throughout the length of the passage area between the mouth of the cavity and the hopper, by advancing a cutting member such as a blade and keeping the remaining mass in the cavity separated from the remaining mass returned to the hopper by interposing between them a wall provided with one or more holes;
(d2) completar el retorno a la tolva de la masa en exceso, a través de dichos uno o más orificios de dicha pared interpuesta, mediante la conclusión del desplazamiento del émbolo calculado en la etapa (c); y(d2) complete the return to the hopper of the excess dough, through said one or more holes of said interposed wall, by concluding the displacement of the plunger calculated in step (c); Y
(f2) cortar transversalmente la masa en la extensión del área de paso de cada uno de los citados orificios de la pared interpuesta, mediante un movimiento relativo entre dicha boca de la cavidad y dicha pared interpuesta. Con la previsión de dicho útil de corte y la metodología explicada se garantiza que se retorne a la tolva la cantidad de masa deseada, y con ello, que el peso de la porción final obtenida se corresponda con precisión al peso deseado. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LOS DIBUJOS(f2) transversely cut the mass in the extension of the passage area of each of said holes in the interposed wall, by a relative movement between said mouth of the cavity and said interposed wall. With the foresight of said cutting tool and the methodology explained, it is guaranteed that the desired mass quantity is returned to the hopper, and with it, that the weight of the final portion obtained corresponds precisely to the desired weight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para una mejor comprensión de la invención se procede a realizar a continuación una descripción de la misma con referencias a los dibujos adjuntos, los cuales tienen únicamente una finalidad ilustrativa de una posible realización de la invención, por lo que no deben ser interpretados de manera limitativa. En dichos dibujos:For a better understanding of the invention, a description thereof is made with references to the attached drawings, which have only an illustrative purpose of a possible embodiment of the invention, and therefore should not be construed as limiting. . In these drawings:
Las Figs. la a Id muestran en conjunto un diagrama de las diferentes fases del procedimiento de la presente invención; la Fig. 2 es una vista en perspectiva, parcialmente seccionada, que muestra el bloque del cilindro con el émbolo y otras partes y mecanismos asociados; las Figs. 3 a 5, muestran, esquemáticamente, en alzado, los mecanismos de balanceo del bloque del émbolo y de la banda transportadora en tres diferentes posiciones características; y la Fig. 6 ilustra, también esquemáticamente y en alzado, el mecanismo de accionamiento de la cuchilla de corte. EXPLICACIÓN EN DETALLE DE LA REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDAFigs. the a Id together show a diagram of the different phases of the process of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned perspective view showing the cylinder block with the piston and other associated parts and mechanisms; Figs. 3 to 5, schematically show, in elevation, the mechanisms of balancing the piston block and the conveyor belt in three different characteristic positions; and Fig. 6 illustrates, also schematically and in elevation, the cutting blade drive mechanism. DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
En la Fig. la se muestra la fase de cargar en un cilindro 1, a través de una abertura desde una tolva, de una cantidad indeterminada de masa no homogeneizada, con desplazamiento Xm de un émbolo 2.In Fig. The phase of loading into a cylinder 1, through an opening from a hopper, of an undetermined amount of non-homogenized mass, with displacement Xm of a plunger 2 is shown.
En la Fig. Ib se muestra la fase de presionar dicha masa en el interior de dicho cilindro 1 mediante el citado émbolo 2 (en este ejemplo, contra una porción de la hoja de una cuchilla 8) hasta alcanzar un valor de presión predeterminado para proporcionar un grado de homogeneización de dicha masa deseado, obteniéndose con ello una masa de densidad conocida. El desplazamiento resultante del émbolo 2 vale Xh. Mediante unos medios de control de desplazamiento se determina la posición de dicho émbolo 2 en el momento de alcanzarse dicho valor de presión predeterminado y se calcula el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada contenido en dicha cavidad en función de dicha densidad conocida de la masa y del volumen que ocupa.In Fig. Ib the phase of pressing said mass inside said cylinder 1 is shown by means of said plunger 2 (in this example, against a portion of the blade of a blade 8) until a predetermined pressure value is reached to provide a degree of homogenization of said desired mass, thereby obtaining a mass of known density. The resulting displacement of the piston 2 is worth Xh. By means of displacement control means, the position of said piston 2 is determined at the time said predetermined pressure value is reached and the weight of the already homogenized mass contained in said cavity is calculated based on said known mass density and volume it occupies.
A continuación se procede a retornar a la citada tolva, mediante un desplazamiento Xr del émbolo, una cantidad de masa sobrante calculada por diferencia entre el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada calculado en la etapa (c) y el peso de la porción deseada. Sin embargo, dicho retorno se efectúa en dos tiempos (Figs. le y Id); mediante un primer desplazamiento Xrl correspondiente a una mayor parte del desplazamiento del émbolo 2 calculado en la etapa (c); y un segundo desplazamiento Xr2 correspondiente al desplazamiento restante. Ee este ejemplo, el primer desplazamiento Xrl se llevaría a cabo a través de toda la abertura expedita entre cilindro 1 y la tolva y estaría seguido de una operación de corte mediante la cuchilla 8, realizándose el segundo desplazamiento Xr2 a través de unos orificios de una porción de la hoja de dicha cuchilla 8 interpuesta entre cilindro y tolva, llevándose a cabo un último corte de afino de la masa pasante por dichos orificios. En la Fig. Id, la distancia Xd correspondiente a la cantidad de masa remanente en el interior del cilindro corresponde a la porción final deseada, dosificada en peso, donde:Subsequently, an amount of excess mass calculated by difference between the weight of the already homogenized mass calculated in step (c) and the weight of the desired portion is returned to said hopper. However, said return is made in two stages (Figs. Le and Id); by a first displacement Xrl corresponding to a greater part of the displacement of the piston 2 calculated in step (c); and a second offset Xr2 corresponding to the remaining offset. In this example, the first displacement Xrl would be carried out through the entire expedited opening between cylinder 1 and the hopper and would be followed by a cutting operation by means of the blade 8, the second displacement Xr2 being carried out through holes of a portion of the blade of said blade 8 interposed between cylinder and hopper, a final cutting of refining of the dough passing through said holes being carried out. In Fig. Id, the distance Xd corresponding to the amount of mass remaining inside the cylinder corresponds to the desired final portion, dosed by weight, where:
Xd = Xm - Xh - Xr siendo el valor de Xr = Xrl + Xr2, por lo que:Xd = Xm - Xh - Xr being the value of Xr = Xrl + Xr2, so:
Xd = Xm - Xh - (Xrl + Xr2) siendo todas estas distancias determinadas y/o calculadas con precisión mediante unos medios compuestos de un generador de impulsos, un presostato y un contador de dichos impulsos.Xd = Xm - Xh - (Xrl + Xr2) all these distances being determined and / or accurately calculated by means consisting of a pulse generator, a pressure switch and a counter of said pulses.
En referencia a la Fig. 2 se puede ver un bloque 10 que define un cilindro 1, vinculado a la bancada mediante una articulación 9 alineada según un eje horizontal, cuyo bloque 10 se remata, alrededor de un extremo abierto la del cilindro 1 por una valona ensanchada 11 , la forma curvoconvexa de cuya superficie exterior se corresponde con la de una porción de un cilindro coaxial a dicha articulación 9 (ver Figs. 3 a 5), siendo la forma de la cabeza de un émbolo 2 coincidente con dicha superficie cuando se encuentra en su posición límite, enrasada con el extremo abierto la del cilindro 1. Dicho cilindro incorpora una camisa Ib para evitar desgastes por fricción entre las paredes del mismo y el émbolo 2. Para efectuar un desplazamiento de ida y vuelta del cilindro 1 se bascula angularmente dicho bloque 10 alrededor de la citada articulación 9 de manera que dicha valona ensanchada 11 se desplaza por debajo y rasante a una pared curvocóncava de un bloque 12, cuya forma se corresponde con la de una porción de un cilindro coaxial a dicha articulación 9. Dicha pared curvocóncava comprende una porción, próxima a la vertical de la articulación 9, en la que desemboca una abertura 5a de una tolva 5 (mostrada en las Figs. 3 a 6), y una porción provista de una abertura de purga (13).Referring to Fig. 2, a block 10 can be seen that defines a cylinder 1, linked to the bed by means of a joint 9 aligned along a horizontal axis, whose block 10 is finished off, around an open end of the cylinder 1 by a widened wall 11, the curved convex shape whose outer surface corresponds to that of a portion of a coaxial cylinder to said joint 9 (see Figs. 3 to 5), the shape of the head of a piston 2 coinciding with said surface when It is in its limit position, flush with the open end of the cylinder 1. Said cylinder incorporates a sleeve Ib to avoid friction wear between the walls of the cylinder and the piston 2. To make a round trip of the cylinder 1 is angularly swings said block 10 around said articulation 9 so that said widened wall 11 is moved below and flush to a curved wall of a block 12, the shape of which corresponds nde with that of a portion of a cylinder coaxial to said joint 9. Said curved wall comprises a portion, close to the vertical of the joint 9, into which an opening 5a of a hopper 5 (shown in Figs. 3 to 6), and a portion provided with a purge opening (13).
De esta manera, el bloque 10 es susceptible de adoptar una posición aproximadamente vertical en la que el extremo abierto la del cilindro 1 queda enfrentado a la abertura 5a de la tolva 5 para tomar de ella una cantidad indeterminada de masa no homogeneizada o para devolver a la misma una cantidad calculada, otra posición inclinada (ver Figs. 3 a 6) en la que el extremo abierto la del cilindro 1 queda enfrentado a dicha abertura de purga 13 para permitir la salida de aire y masa en la ejecución de la homogeneización por compactación de la masa contenida en el cilindro 1 mediante el émbolo 2 contra dicha porción de la pared curvocóncava, y otra posición inclinada en la que dicho extremo abierto la supera la pared curvocóncava del bloque 12, quedando próximo a una banda transportadora 7 para transferir a la misma una porción de masa una vez homogeneizada y dosificada en peso.In this way, the block 10 is capable of adopting an approximately vertical position in which the open end of the cylinder 1 faces the opening 5a of the hopper 5 to take from it an undetermined amount of non-homogenized mass or to return to the same a calculated amount, another inclined position (see Figs. 3 to 6) in which the open end of the cylinder 1 faces said purge opening 13 to allow the exit of air and mass in the execution of homogenization by compaction of the mass contained in the cylinder 1 by means of the piston 2 against said portion of the curved wall, and another inclined position in which said open end is exceeded by the curved wall of the block 12, being close to a conveyor belt 7 to transfer to the same a portion of dough once homogenized and dosed in weigh.
Dicha pared curvocóncava del bloque 12 comprende, abarcando la porción en la que desemboca la abertura 5a de la tolva 5, un rebajo 14 uniforme de bordes paralelos a dicha articulación 9 de anchura y grosor sustancialmente igual al de la hoja de una cuchilla 8, para alojamiento de la misma y guiado de su movimiento de traslación, adaptándose dicha cuchilla 8, por flexibilidad, a la forma curva de dicho rebajo 14.Said curvoconcave wall of block 12 comprises, comprising the portion into which the opening 5a of the hopper 5, a uniform recess 14 of edges parallel to said joint 9 of width and thickness substantially equal to that of the blade of a blade 8, for housing thereof and guiding its translation movement, said blade 8 adapting, by flexibility, to the curved shape of said recess 14.
Se ha previsto que dicha valona ensanchada 11 cubra, al menos en gran parte, el rebajo 14 para la cuchilla 8 en cualquiera de las posiciones adoptadas por el bloque 10.It is envisioned that said widened wall 11 covers, at least in large part, the recess 14 for the blade 8 in any of the positions adopted by the block 10.
Para el desplazamiento del émbolo 2 dentro del cilindro 1 se utiliza un mecanismo, mostrado en detalle en la Fig. 1, de biela 3 y manivela 4 accionado por un grupo motor-reductor 37 solidario a dicho bloque 10, y que se desplaza junto con el mismo. Se incluye un detector 36 de la posición límite del émbolo 2 enrasado con la boca del extremo abierto la del cilindro 1, que junto con un generador de impulsos 38, por ejemplo un decodificador asociado al eje del motor 37, que mantiene una relación de proporcionalidad con el desplazamiento del émbolo 2 dentro del cilindro 1 , suministran a unos medios electrónicos datos referentes, respectivamente, a la posición cero de referencia y al desplazamiento relativo del émbolo 2 para realizar los cálculos del peso de las cantidades de masa homogeneizada contenidas en dicho cilindro 1 y de las cantidades en exceso a devolver a la tolva 5.A mechanism, shown in detail in Fig. 1, of connecting rod 3 and crank 4 driven by a motor-reducer group 37 integral with said block 10, is used for displacement of the piston 2 inside the cylinder 1, and which moves along with the same. A detector 36 of the boundary position of the piston 2 flush with the mouth of the open end is included that of the cylinder 1, which together with a pulse generator 38, for example a decoder associated with the motor shaft 37, which maintains a proportional relationship with the displacement of the piston 2 inside the cylinder 1, they provide to electronic means data referring, respectively, to the zero reference position and to the relative displacement of the piston 2 to perform calculations of the weight of the amounts of homogenized mass contained in said cylinder 1 and the excess amounts to be returned to hopper 5.
La biela 3 está formada al menos por dos partes relacionadas mediante una guía corredera 41 longitudinal, de manera que dichos medios sensores de la presión ejercida por la masa sobre el émbolo 2 consisten en un cilindro hidráulico cuyo cuerpo 39 es solidario a una de las partes de dicha biela 3 mientras que el extremo del vastago 40 de dicho cilindro hidráulico es solidario a la otra de las partes de dicha biela 3.The connecting rod 3 is formed by at least two related parts by means of a longitudinal sliding guide 41, so that said means for sensing the pressure exerted by the mass on the piston 2 consist of a hydraulic cylinder whose body 39 is integral with one of the parts of said connecting rod 3 while the end of the rod 40 of said hydraulic cylinder is integral with the other of the parts of said connecting rod 3.
En las Figs. 3 a 6 se puede observar que los medios para accionar el desplazamiento del bloque 10, que en esta realización se ha materializado como un movimiento de balanceo, comprenden un grupo motor-reductor 15 que acciona, a través de una transmisión que incluye un acoplamiento cardan 16, un husillo 17 que engrana dentro de un orificio roscado de un bloque 18 que se halla vinculado articuladamente, a un apéndice 19 solidario a dicho bloque 10, en un punto por debajo y alejado del eje de la articulación 9 del bloque 10, y unos medios de detección de la posición 43 para cooperar en el gobierno de dicho grupo motor-reductor 15 por medios electrónicos, en sí conocidos.In Figs. 3 to 6 it can be seen that the means for driving the displacement of the block 10, which in this embodiment has materialized as a balancing movement, comprise a motor-reducer group 15 that drives, through a transmission that includes a cardan coupling 16, a spindle 17 that engages within a threaded hole of a block 18 that is articulatedly linked, to an appendage 19 integral with said block 10, at a point below and away from the axis of the articulation 9 of the block 10, and means for detecting the position 43 to cooperate in the government of said motor-reducer group 15 by electronic means, known per se.
Una banda transportadora 7 se extiende entre un rodillo 20 del borde de recogida y un rodillo 21 del borde de entrega, cuyo rodillo 20 está montado sobre un primer bastidor 22 solidario a un brazo 22a articulado coaxialmente a la articulación 9 del bloque 10 mientras que dicho rodillo 21 está montado sobre una bancada fija y accionado por un grupo motor-reductor 23 provisto de una transmisión 24. Un primer rodillo tensor 25 se halla dispuesto sobre dicho primer bastidor 22 y un segundo rodillo tensor 26, provisto de soportes elásticos 27, va montado sobre un segundo bastidor 28 articulado en el eje del rodillo 21 del borde de entrega y provisto de unas guías correderas 29 en las que deslizan los extremos del eje de dicho rodillo 20 del borde de recogida, existiendo en una zona intermedia de dicho brazo 22a un bulón 32 que desliza dentro de una guía corredera 33 situada en un extremo de una palanca 30 provista, en su otro extremo, de una articulación 31 respecto a la citada bancada, y en una zona intermedia de un bulón 34 que desliza en una leva 35 solidaria al bloque 10.A conveyor belt 7 extends between a roller 20 of the pick-up edge and a roller 21 of the delivery edge, whose roller 20 is mounted on a first frame 22 integral with an arm 22a articulated coaxially to the joint 9 of the block 10 while said roller 21 is mounted on a fixed bed and driven by a motor-reducer group 23 provided with a transmission 24. A first tension roller 25 is disposed on said first frame 22 and a second tension roller 26, provided with elastic supports 27, is mounted on a second frame 28 articulated on the axis of the roller 21 of the delivery edge and provided with sliding guides 29 in which the ends of the axis of said roller 20 slide from the collection edge, existing in an intermediate area of said arm 22a a bolt 32 that slides into a sliding guide 33 located at one end of a lever 30 provided, at its other end, with an articulation 31 with respect to said ban each, and in an intermediate zone of a bolt 34 that slides on a cam 35 integral with the block 10.
Con esta disposición, al balancear dicho bloque 10 por acción del husillo 17 superando la pared curvocóncava del bloque 12, el rodillo 20 acompaña la boca del extremo abierto la del cilindro 1 en un desplazamiento rasante a la valona extendida 11.With this arrangement, when said block 10 is balanced by the action of the spindle 17 overcoming the curved wall of the block 12, the roller 20 accompanies the mouth of the open end of the cylinder 1 in a flush displacement to the extended wall 11.
La citada leva 35 tiene un tramo 35a concéntrico al eje de la articulación 9 del bloque 10 de manera que al bascular dicho bloque para enfrentar el extremo abierto la del cilindro 1 a la pared de cierre 6 el bulón 34 de la palanca 30 desliza por dicho tramo 35a de la leva 35 sin verse afectada en su movimiento.Said cam 35 has a section 35a concentric to the axis of the articulation 9 of the block 10 so that when said block tilts to face the open end of the cylinder 1 to the closing wall 6 the bolt 34 of the lever 30 slides along said section 35a of cam 35 without being affected in its movement.
En la Fig. 6 se puede ver que un extremo de la hoja de la citada cuchilla 8 de corte es solidario a una pieza 42 provista de unas correderas 44 que deslizan por unas guías transversales 45 paralelas a los bordes del rebajo 14 de la pared curvocóncava del bloque 12, cuya pieza 42 incluye un apéndice 46 en el que se articula, en sentido perpendicular a dichas guías 45, una barra 47 vinculada por su extremo opuesto a un bulón 49, fijo a la bancada, mediante una guía corredera 48, cuya barra 47 incluye además, en su zona media, otra guía corredera 50 en la que desliza un bulón 51 de una manivela 52 accionada por un grupo motor-reductor 53 a través de una transmisión 54.In Fig. 6 it can be seen that one end of the blade of said cutting blade 8 is integral with a piece 42 provided with slides 44 that slide along transverse guides 45 parallel to the edges of the recess 14 of the curved wall of block 12, whose piece 42 includes an appendix 46 in which, in a perpendicular direction to said guides 45, a bar 47 is connected, connected at its opposite end to a bolt 49, fixed to the bed, by means of a sliding guide 48, whose bar 47 also includes, in its middle zone, another sliding guide 50 in which a bolt 51 of a crank 52 slides driven by a motor-reducer group 53 through a transmission 54.
De esta manera se obtienen desplazamientos de vaivén de dicha cuchilla 8 con un giro siempre en el mismo sentido de un grupo motor-reductor 53 de accionamiento, con detenciones discretas gobernadas por unos medios electrónicos asistidos por unos sensores 55 de las diferentes posiciones de la cuchilla 8 dentro de dicho rebajo 14. In this way, reciprocating displacements of said blade 8 are obtained with a rotation in the same direction of a motor-reducer drive group 53, with discrete stops governed by electronic means assisted by sensors 55 of the different positions of the blade 8 within said recess 14.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES 1.- Procedimiento para la dosificación en peso de porciones de masa del tipo que comprende las siguientes etapas:CLAIMS 1. Procedure for the dosing by weight of portions of dough of the type comprising the following steps:
(a) cargar en una cavidad, a través de una abertura desde una tolva, una cantidad indeterminada de masa no homogeneizada, con desplazamiento de un émbolo hasta una posición prefijada;(a) loading into an cavity, through an opening from a hopper, an indeterminate amount of non-homogenized mass, with displacement of a plunger to a predetermined position;
(b) presionar dicha masa en el interior de dicha cavidad mediante el citado émbolo hasta un valor de presión predeterminado para proporcionar un grado de homogeneización de dicha masa deseado, obteniéndose con ello una masa de densidad conocida;(b) pressing said mass into said cavity by means of said plunger to a predetermined pressure value to provide a degree of homogenization of said desired mass, thereby obtaining a mass of known density;
(c) determinar, mediante unos medios de control de desplazamiento, la posición de dicho émbolo en el momento de alcanzarse dicho valor de presión predeterminado y calcular el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada contenido en dicha cavidad en función de dicha densidad conocida de la masa y del volumen que ocupa; (d) retornar a la citada tolva, mediante un desplazamiento controlado del émbolo, una cantidad de masa sobrante calculada por diferencia entre el peso de la masa ya homogeneizada calculado en la etapa (c) y el peso de la porción deseada; y(c) determine, by means of displacement control means, the position of said piston at the time said predetermined pressure value is reached and calculate the weight of the already homogenized mass contained in said cavity based on said known mass density and the volume it occupies; (d) return to the said hopper, by a controlled displacement of the plunger, an amount of excess mass calculated by difference between the weight of the already homogenized mass calculated in step (c) and the weight of the desired portion; Y
(e) expulsión al exterior de dicha cavidad, mediante un total desplazamiento del émbolo, de la cantidad de masa remanente, correspondiente a la porción deseada, caracterizado porque en la citada etapa (b) de homogeneización se han previsto unos medios de purga limitada para facilitar la expulsión, junto con una pequeña porción de masa, del aire procedente de posibles burbujas y cavidades existentes en la masa durante su compactación, y porque en la etapa (d) de retorno a la tolva de la cantidad de masa en exceso se incluye una etapa (f) de corte transversal de la masa entre la cavidad y la tolva y de separación de dicha cantidad remanente en la cavidad de la cantidad sobrante retornada a la tolva.(e) expulsion of said cavity outside, by a total displacement of the plunger, of the amount of remaining mass, corresponding to the desired portion, characterized in that in said homogenization stage (b) a limited purge means are provided for facilitate the expulsion, together with a small portion of dough, of the air coming from possible bubbles and cavities existing in the dough during compaction, and because in step (d) of returning the hopper the amount of excess dough is included a step (f) of transverse cutting of the mass between the cavity and the hopper and separating said amount remaining in the cavity of the excess amount returned to the hopper.
2.- Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque en la etapa (d) el retorno a la tolva de la cantidad de masa en exceso se efectúa a través de toda el área de la citada abertura, enfrentada a una abertura de paso de dicha tolva. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (d) the return to the hopper of the amount of excess dough is carried out throughout the entire area of said opening, facing a passage opening of said hopper.
3.- Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque tanto la etapa (d) de retorno a la tolva de la cantidad de masa en exceso como la etapa (f) de corte transversal de la masa, se efectúan en dos tiempos según la siguiente cadencia;3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that both the step (d) of return to the hopper of the amount of excess dough and the step (f) of cross-section of the dough are carried out in two times according to the next cadence;
(di) retornar una mayor parte de la masa en exceso a la tolva mediante una mayor parte del desplazamiento del émbolo calculado en la etapa (c);(di) return a greater part of the excess dough to the hopper by means of a most of the piston displacement calculated in step (c);
(f 1) cortar transversalmente la masa en toda la extensión del área de paso entre la boca de la cavidad y la tolva, mediante el avance de un miembro de corte tal como una cuchilla y mantener la masa remanente en la cavidad separada de la masa sobrante retornada a la tolva mediante la interposición entre ambas de una pared provista de uno o más de orificios;(f 1) cross the mass across the entire length of the passage area between the mouth of the cavity and the hopper, by advancing a cutting member such as a blade and keeping the remaining mass in the cavity separated from the mass surplus returned to the hopper by interposing between them a wall provided with one or more holes;
(d2) completar el retorno a la tolva de la masa en exceso, a través de dichos uno o más orificios de dicha pared interpuesta, mediante la conclusión del desplazamiento del émbolo calculado en la etapa (c); y (f2) cortar transversalmente la masa en la extensión del área de paso de cada uno de los citados orificios de la pared interpuesta, mediante un movimiento relativo entre dicha boca de la cavidad y dicha pared interpuesta.(d2) complete the return to the hopper of the excess dough, through said one or more holes of said interposed wall, by concluding the displacement of the plunger calculated in step (c); and (f2) transversely cut the mass in the extension of the passage area of each of said holes in the interposed wall, by a relative movement between said mouth of the cavity and said interposed wall.
4.- Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque en la etapa (b) dichos medios de purga se consiguen mediante un posicionado de la cavidad respecto a la citada tolva de manera que se establece una reducida comunicación entre dichas cavidad y tolva, con lo que una pequeña porción de masa expulsada de la cavidad, junto con el aire, retorna a la tolva, en dicha etapa (b).4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (b) said purge means are achieved by positioning the cavity with respect to said hopper so that a reduced communication between said cavity and hopper is established, with what a small portion of mass expelled from the cavity, together with the air, returns to the hopper, in said stage (b).
5.- Procedimiento, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado porque en el caso de que en la etapa (c) el peso calculado de la cantidad de masa ya homogeneizada sea menor al de la porción final deseada, se procede a la devolución de dicha cantidad de masa a la tolva y se reinicia el ciclo por la etapa (a).5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case that in step (c) the calculated weight of the amount of mass already homogenized is less than that of the desired final portion, the return is made of said amount of mass to the hopper and the cycle is restarted by step (a).
6.- Máquina para producir porciones de masa dosificadas en peso, del tipo que comprende: un cilindro (1) con un extremo abierto (la), provisto de un émbolo (2) desplazable axialmente por su interior mediante un mecanismo de biela (3) y manivela (4); unos medios para, mediante al menos un desplazamiento de ida y vuelta, enfrentar sucesivamente dicho extremo abierto (la) o bien a una abertura (5a) de una tolva (5) de almacenamiento y suministro de masa, o a una pared de cierre, o a una zona próxima a una banda transportadora (7); unos medios para generar dicho desplazamiento del émbolo (2) dentro del cilindro (1); unos medios para accionar la citada banda transportadora (7), y unos medios sensores de la presión ejercida por la masa sobre el émbolo (2) en combinación con un generador de impulsos que guarda una relación de proporcionalidad con los desplazamientos del émbolo (2) dentro del cilindro (1), para con ello calcular y gobernar por medios electrónicos los desplazamientos de dicho émbolo (2) para la obtención de porciones de masa de un peso predeterminado, caracterizada porque comprende una cuchilla (8) dispuesta de manera desplazable transversalmente a la abertura (5a) de la tolva (5) y en posición enrasada con la boca de la misma, cuya cuchilla (8) está formada por una hoja de bordes laterales paralelos (8a) con al menos un filo cortante (8b) frontal, existiendo unos medios para accionar el desplazamiento de dicha cuchilla (8) y unos medios sensores de la posición de la misma, para gobernar dichos medios de accionamiento en sincronía con los movimientos de las restantes partes móviles de dicha máquina a lo largo de cada ciclo entre una primera posición en que se mantiene expedita el área de paso entre cilindro (1) y tolva (5) y una segunda posición en la que dicha área queda total o parcialmente restringida por la interposición de una porción de la hoja de dicha cuchilla (8), efectuándose el corte de la masa mediante los desplazamientos de transición entre dichas primera y segunda posiciones o viceversa, o mediante el desplazamiento del extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1). 6.- Machine for producing mass portions dosed by weight, of the type comprising: a cylinder (1) with an open end (the), provided with a piston (2) axially movable inside by a connecting rod mechanism (3 ) and crank (4); means for, by at least one round trip displacement, successively facing said open end (the) or an opening (5a) of a hopper (5) for storing and supplying mass, or a closing wall, or an area close to a conveyor belt (7); means for generating said displacement of the piston (2) inside the cylinder (1); means for actuating said conveyor belt (7), and means sensing the pressure exerted by the mass on the plunger (2) in combination with a pulse generator that maintains a proportional relationship with the piston displacements (2) inside the cylinder (1), in order to calculate and govern by electronic means the displacements of said plunger (2) for obtaining dough portions of a predetermined weight, characterized in that it comprises a blade (8) disposed transversely to the opening (5a) of the hopper (5) and in position flush with the mouth thereof, whose blade (8) is formed by a sheet of parallel side edges (8a) with at least one front cutting edge (8b), there being a means to drive the movement of said blade (8) and sensor means of the position thereof, to govern said drive means in synchrony with the movements of the remaining moving parts of said machine throughout each cycle between a first position in which the passage area between cylinder (1) is kept expedited and hopper (5) and a second position in which said area is totally or partially restricted by the interposition of a portion of the blade of said blade (8), the dough being cut by means of transition displacements between said first and second positions or vice versa, or by displacement of the open end (the) of the cylinder (1).
7.- Máquina según la reivindicación 6 caracterizada porque dicha cuchilla (8) comprende una porción provista de un orificio circular de diámetro igual o mayor al de la abertura (5a) de la tolva (5), el borde interior de cuyo orificio forma el citado filo cortante (8b), y porque comprende una o más porciones (8c), susceptibles de quedar interpuestas entre el cilindro y la tolva, que incluyen uno o más pequeños orificios (8d).7. Machine according to claim 6 characterized in that said blade (8) comprises a portion provided with a circular hole of equal or greater diameter than the opening (5a) of the hopper (5), the inner edge of whose hole forms the said cutting edge (8b), and because it comprises one or more portions (8c), which can be interposed between the cylinder and the hopper, which include one or more small holes (8d).
8.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 7, caracterizada porque una de las citadas porciones (8c) de la cuchilla (8) hace la función de la citada pared de cierre en una etapa de homogeneización, realizándose el desplazamiento de dicho extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) entre una posición enfrentada a la abertura de salida (5a) de la tolva (5) y una posición próxima a dicha banda transportadora (7), o viceversa.8. Machine, according to claim 7, characterized in that one of said portions (8c) of the blade (8) functions as said closing wall in a homogenization stage, the displacement of said open end (the ) of the cylinder (1) between a position facing the outlet opening (5a) of the hopper (5) and a position close to said conveyor belt (7), or vice versa.
9.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 6 a 8, caracterizada porque comprende un bloque (10) que define el citado cilindro (1), vinculado a la bancada mediante una articulación (9) alineada según un eje horizontal, cuyo bloque (10) se remata, alrededor del extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) por una valona ensanchada (11), la forma curvoconvexa de cuya superficie exterior se corresponde con la de una porción de un cilindro coaxial a dicha articulación (9), siendo la forma de la cabeza del émbolo (2) coincidente con dicha superficie cuando se encuentra en su posición límite, enrasada con el extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1). 9. Machine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a block (10) defining said cylinder (1), linked to the bed by means of an articulation (9) aligned along a horizontal axis, whose block (10) the curved shape of its outer surface corresponds to that of a portion of a coaxial cylinder to said joint (9) around the open end (the) of the cylinder (1). , the shape of the piston head (2) coinciding with said surface when it is in its limit position, flush with the open end (la) of the cylinder (1).
10.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque dicho dichos medios para el desplazamiento de ida y vuelta del cilindro (1) proporcionan un basculamiento angular dicho bloque (10) alrededor de la articulación (9) de manera que dicha valona ensanchada (11) se desplaza por debajo y rasante a una pared curvocóncava de un bloque (12), la forma de cuya pared se corresponde con la de una porción de un cilindro coaxial a dicha articulación (9), cuya pared curvocóncava comprende una porción, próxima a la vertical de la articulación (9), en la que desemboca dicha abertura (5a) de la tolva (5), de manera que el bloque (10) es susceptible de adoptar una posición aproximadamente vertical en la que el extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) queda enfrentado a la abertura (5a) de la tolva (5) para tomar de ella una cantidad indeterminada de masa no homogeneizada, y otra posición inclinada en la que dicho extremo abierto (la) supera la pared curvocóncava del bloque (12) quedando próximo a dicha banda transportadora (7) para transferir a la misma una porción de masa una vez homogeneizada y dosificada en peso. 10. Machine, according to claim 9, characterized in that said means for the round trip displacement of the cylinder (1) provide an angular tilt said block (10) around the joint (9) so that said widened wall ( 11) it moves below and flush to a curved wall of a block (12), the shape of which wall corresponds to that of a portion of a cylinder coaxial to said joint (9), whose curved wall comprises a portion, close to the vertical of the joint (9), in which said opening (5a) of the hopper (5) ends, so that the block (10) is capable of adopting an approximately vertical position in which the open end (the ) of the cylinder (1) faces the opening (5a) of the hopper (5) to take from it an undetermined amount of non-homogenized mass, and another inclined position in which said open end (the) overcomes the curved wall of the block (12) remain It is close to said conveyor belt (7) to transfer to it a portion of mass once homogenized and dosed by weight.
11.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 10, caracterizada porque dicha pared curvocóncava del bloque (12) incluye además una porción provista de una abertura de purga (13), de manera que el bloque (10) es susceptible de adoptar otra posición inclinada en la que el extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) queda enfrentado a dicha abertura de purga (13) para permitir la salida de aire y masa en la ejecución de la homogeneización por compactación de la masa contenida en el cilindro (1) mediante el émbolo (2) contra dicha porción de la pared curvocóncava del bloque (12).Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that said curved wall of the block (12) also includes a portion provided with a purge opening (13), so that the block (10) is capable of adopting another inclined position in which the open end (la) of the cylinder (1) faces said purge opening (13) to allow the exit of air and mass in the execution of the homogenization by compacting the mass contained in the cylinder (1) by the plunger (2) against said portion of the curved wall of the block (12).
12.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 10, caracterizada porque dicha pared curvocóncava del bloque (12) incluye además una porción ciega (6) adyacente a la abertura (5a) de la tolva (5), de manera que el bloque (10) es susceptible de adoptar una posición inclinada en la que la mayor parte del extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) queda enfrentado a dicha porción ciega (6) mientras que la menor parte del mismo queda comunicando con dicha abertura (5a) de la tolva (5) para permitir la salida de aire y retorno de masa a la tolva (5) durante una etapa de homogeneización por compactación de la masa contenida en el cilindro (1) mediante el émbolo (2) contra dicha porción ciega (6) de la pared curvocóncava del bloque (12).12. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that said curved wall of the block (12) further includes a blind portion (6) adjacent to the opening (5a) of the hopper (5), so that the block (10) it is capable of adopting an inclined position in which the greater part of the open end (the) of the cylinder (1) faces said blind portion (6) while the smaller part thereof is communicating with said opening (5a) of the hopper (5) to allow the exit of air and return of mass to the hopper (5) during a homogenization stage by compacting the mass contained in the cylinder (1) by means of the piston (2) against said blind portion (6) of the curved wall of the block (12).
13.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 12, caracterizada porque dicha pared curvocóncava del bloque (12) comprende, abarcando la porción en la que desemboca la abertura (5a) de la tolva (5), un rebajo (14) uniforme de bordes paralelos a dicha articulación (9) de anchura y grosor sustancialmente igual al de la hoja de la cuchilla (8), para alojamiento de la misma y guiado de su movimiento de traslación, adaptándose dicha cuchilla (8), por flexibilidad, a la forma curva de dicho rebajo (14). 13. Machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that said curved wall of the block (12) comprises, comprising the portion into which the opening (5a) of the hopper (5), a recess (14). ) uniform of edges parallel to said joint (9) of width and thickness substantially equal to that of the blade of the blade (8), for housing thereof and guided of its translational movement, said blade (8) adapting, for flexibility, to the curved shape of said recess (14).
14.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 13, caracterizada porque dicha valona ensanchada (11) cubre al menos en gran parte el rebajo (14) en cualquiera de las posiciones adoptadas por el bloque (10).14. Machine according to claim 13, characterized in that said widened wall (11) at least largely covers the recess (14) in any of the positions adopted by the block (10).
15.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 14, caracterizada porque dichos medios para proporcionar al menos un desplazamiento de ida y vuelta para enfrentar dicho extremo abierto (la) o bien a una abertura (5a) de una tolva (5) de almacenamiento y suministro de masa, o enfrentado a una pared de cierre (6), o próximo a una banda transportadora (7) comprenden un grupo motor- reductor (15) que acciona, a través de una transmisión que incluye un acoplamiento cardan (16), un husillo (17) que engrana dentro de un orificio roscado de un bloque (18) que se halla vinculado articuladamente, a un apéndice (19) solidario a dicho bloque (10), en un punto por debajo y alejado del eje de la articulación (9) del bloque (10), y unos medios de detección de la posición (43) para cooperar en el gobierno de dicho grupo motor-reductor (15) por medios electrónicos.15. Machine, according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that said means for providing at least one round trip to face said open end (the) or an opening (5a) of a hopper (5) ) of mass storage and supply, or facing a closing wall (6), or close to a conveyor belt (7) comprises a motor-reducing group (15) that drives, through a transmission that includes a cardan coupling (16), a spindle (17) that engages within a threaded hole of a block (18) that is articulatedly linked, to an appendage (19) integral with said block (10), at a point below and away from the axis of the joint (9) of the block (10), and means of detecting the position (43) to cooperate in the governance of said motor-reducer group (15) by electronic means.
16.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 15, con dicha banda transportadora (7) extendiéndose entre un rodillo (20) del borde de recogida y un rodillo (21) del borde de entrega, caracterizada porque dicho rodillo (20) está montado sobre un primer bastidor (22) solidario a un brazo (22a) articulado coaxialmente a la articulación (9) del bloque (10) mientras que dicho rodillo (21) está montado sobre la bancada y accionado por un grupo motor-reductor (23) provisto de una transmisión (24), estando dispuesto un primer rodillo tensor (25) montado sobre dicho primer bastidor (22) y un segundo rodillo tensor (26), provisto de soportes elásticos (27), montado sobre un segundo bastidor (28) articulado en el eje del rodillo (21) del borde de entrega y provisto de unas guías correderas (29) en las que deslizan los extremos del eje de dicho rodillo (20) del borde de recogida, existiendo en una zona intermedia de dicho brazo (22a) un bulón (32) que desliza dentro de una guía corredera (33) situada en un extremo de una palanca (30) provista, en su otro extremo, de una articulación (31) respecto a la bancada, y en una zona intermedia de un bulón (34) que desliza en una leva (35) solidaria al bloque (10), de manera que al balancear dicho bloque (10) por acción del husillo (17) superando la pared curvocóncava del bloque (12), el rodillo (20) acompaña la boca del extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) en un desplazamiento rasante a la valona extendida (11).16. Machine, according to any one of claims 10 to 15, with said conveyor belt (7) extending between a roller (20) of the collection edge and a roller (21) of the delivery edge, characterized in that said roller (20 ) is mounted on a first frame (22) integral to an arm (22a) articulated coaxially to the joint (9) of the block (10) while said roller (21) is mounted on the bench and driven by a motor-reducer group (23) provided with a transmission (24), a first tension roller (25) mounted on said first frame (22) and a second tension roller (26), provided with elastic supports (27), mounted on a second frame (28) articulated on the axis of the roller (21) of the delivery edge and provided with sliding guides (29) in which the ends of the axis of said roller (20) slide from the collection edge, existing in an intermediate zone of said arm (22a) a bolt (32) that slides into a sliding guide (33) located at one end of a lever (30) provided, at its other end, with an articulation (31) with respect to the bed, and in an intermediate area of a bolt (34) sliding on a cam (35) in solidarity with block (10), so that balancing said block (10) by action of the spindle (17) overcoming the curved wall of the block (12), the roller (20) accompanies the mouth of the open end (la) of the cylinder (1) in a flush displacement to the extended wall (eleven).
17.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 16, caracterizada porque la citada leva (35) tiene un tramo (35a) concéntrico a 1 eje de la articulación (9) del bloque (10) de manera que al bascular dicho bloque para enfrentar el extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1) a la pared de cierre (6) el bulón (34) de la palanca (30) desliza por dicho tramo (35a) de la leva (35) sin verse afectada en su movimiento.17. Machine according to claim 16, characterized in that said cam (35) has a section (35a) concentric to 1 axis of the joint (9) of the block (10) so that when said block tilts to face the end Open (the) of the cylinder (1) to the closing wall (6) the bolt (34) of the lever (30) slides along said section (35a) of the cam (35) without being affected in its movement.
18.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 17, caracterizada porque dicho mecanismo de biela (3) y manivela (4) de desplazamiento del émbolo (2) dentro del cilindro (1) está accionado por un grupo motor-reductor (37) solidario a dicho bloque (10) y que se desplaza junto con el mismo.18. Machine, according to any one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that said connecting rod mechanism (3) and crank (4) of movement of the piston (2) inside the cylinder (1) is driven by a motor-reducer group (37) in solidarity with said block (10) and which moves along with it.
19.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 18, caracterizada porque incluye un detector (36) de la posición límite del émbolo (2) enrasado con la boca del extremo abierto (la) del cilindro (1), que junto con dicho generador de impulsos (38) que mantiene una relación de proporcionalidad con el desplazamiento del émbolo (2) dentro del cilindro (1), suministran a dichos medios electrónicos datos referentes, respectivamente, a la posición cero de referencia y al desplazamiento relativo del émbolo (2) para los cálculos del peso de las cantidades de masa homogeneizada contenidas en dicho cilindro (1) y de las cantidades en exceso a devolver a la tolva (5).19. Machine according to claim 18, characterized in that it includes a detector (36) of the piston boundary position (2) flush with the mouth of the open end (la) of the cylinder (1), which together with said pulse generator (38) that maintains a proportional relationship with the displacement of the piston (2) inside the cylinder (1), provides said electronic means with data, respectively, to the zero reference position and the relative displacement of the piston (2) for calculations of the weight of the amounts of homogenized mass contained in said cylinder (1) and of the excess amounts to be returned to the hopper (5).
20.- Máquina, según la reivindicación 19, caracterizada porque dicha biela (3) está formada al menos por dos partes relacionadas mediante una guía corredera (41) longitudinal, de manera que dichos medios sensores de la presión ejercida por la masa sobre el émbolo (2) consisten en un cilindro hidráulico cuyo cuerpo (39) es solidario a una de las partes de dicha biela (3) mientras que el extremo del vastago (40) de dicho cilindro hidráulico es solidario a la otra de las partes de dicha biela (3).20. Machine according to claim 19, characterized in that said connecting rod (3) is formed by at least two related parts by means of a longitudinal sliding guide (41), such that said means sensing the pressure exerted by the mass on the plunger (2) consist of a hydraulic cylinder whose body (39) is integral with one of the parts of said connecting rod (3) while the end of the rod (40) of said hydraulic cylinder is integral with the other of the parts of said connecting rod (3).
21.- Máquina, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 20, caracterizada porque un extremo dicha cuchilla (8) es solidario a una pieza (42) provista de unas correderas (44) que deslizan por unas guías transversales (45) paralelas a los bordes del rebajo (14) de la pared curvocóncava (12), cuya pieza (42) incluye un apéndice (46) en el que se articula, en sentido perpendicular a dichas guías (45), una barra (47) vinculada por su extremo opuesto a un bulón (49), fijo a la bancada, mediante una guía corredera (48), cuya barra (47) incluye además, en su zona media, otra guía corredera (50) en la que desliza un bulón (51) de una manivela (52) accionada por un grupo motor-reductor (53) a través de una transmisión (54), de manera que se obtienen desplazamientos de vaivén de dicha cuchilla (8) con un giro siempre en el mismo sentido del grupo motor-reductor (53), con detenciones discretas gobernadas por dichos medios electrónicos asistidos por unos sensores (55) de las diferentes posiciones de la cuchilla (8) dentro de dicho rebajo (14). 21. Machine, according to any one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that one end said blade (8) is integral with a piece (42) provided with slides (44) that slide along transverse guides (45) parallel to the edges of the recess (14) of the curved concave wall (12), whose piece (42) includes an appendix (46) in which a bar (47) is connected, perpendicular to said guides (45), linked by its end opposite a bolt (49), fixed to the bench, by means of a sliding guide (48), whose bar (47) also includes, in its middle area, another sliding guide (50) in which a bolt (51) slides from a crank (52) actuated by a motor group- reducer (53) through a transmission (54), so that reciprocating displacements of said blade (8) are obtained with a turn in the same direction of the motor-reducer group (53), with discrete stops governed by said electronic means assisted by sensors (55) of the different positions of the blade (8) within said recess (14).
PCT/ES1999/000190 1998-06-23 1999-06-23 Process for dosing the weight of dough portions and machine for implementing such process WO1999066800A1 (en)

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ES9801414A ES2140351B1 (en) 1998-06-23 1998-06-23 PROCEDURE FOR THE WEIGHT DOSING OF PORTIONS OF MASS AND MACHINE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION.

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1397296A (en) * 1964-03-03 1965-04-30 Bonnet Ets Continuous flow volumetric divider
ES362197A1 (en) * 1968-12-18 1970-12-01 Talleres Balart Sa Mass dividing mass of bread. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP0003394A2 (en) * 1978-01-24 1979-08-08 Michael Thomas Arthur Herring Methods of portioning and portioning machines
US4177030A (en) * 1978-05-01 1979-12-04 Amf Incorporated Dough divider
WO1997025868A1 (en) * 1996-01-15 1997-07-24 Industrias Torrents, S.A. Process for obtain the weight of a dough portion and corresponding machine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1397296A (en) * 1964-03-03 1965-04-30 Bonnet Ets Continuous flow volumetric divider
ES362197A1 (en) * 1968-12-18 1970-12-01 Talleres Balart Sa Mass dividing mass of bread. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP0003394A2 (en) * 1978-01-24 1979-08-08 Michael Thomas Arthur Herring Methods of portioning and portioning machines
US4177030A (en) * 1978-05-01 1979-12-04 Amf Incorporated Dough divider
WO1997025868A1 (en) * 1996-01-15 1997-07-24 Industrias Torrents, S.A. Process for obtain the weight of a dough portion and corresponding machine

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ES2140351B1 (en) 2000-10-16

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