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WO1999003289A1 - Procede d'affectation dynamique de frequences dans des reseaux radio cellulaires respectant l'adaptabilite des capacites du reseau - Google Patents

Procede d'affectation dynamique de frequences dans des reseaux radio cellulaires respectant l'adaptabilite des capacites du reseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999003289A1
WO1999003289A1 PCT/EP1997/003580 EP9703580W WO9903289A1 WO 1999003289 A1 WO1999003289 A1 WO 1999003289A1 EP 9703580 W EP9703580 W EP 9703580W WO 9903289 A1 WO9903289 A1 WO 9903289A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
frequencies
cell
cells
allocated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/003580
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English (en)
Inventor
Harri Posti
Petri Jolma
Olli Piirainen
Juha SÄRKIOJA
Original Assignee
Nokia Networks Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Networks Oy
Priority to PCT/EP1997/003580 priority Critical patent/WO1999003289A1/fr
Priority to AU40095/97A priority patent/AU4009597A/en
Publication of WO1999003289A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999003289A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/06—Hybrid resource partitioning, e.g. channel borrowing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for flexible capacity dynamic frequency allocation in cellular radio networks, as for example in a cellular radio network according to the GSM standard, operating according to TDMA.
  • each cell In current cellular radio networks, available frequencies within the overall available bandwidth are distributed among cells. That is, frequencies are allocated to respective cells in a fixed manner, which implies a frequency update interval in the order of months. Thus, in terms of available frequencies (channels), each cell must be dimensioned according to the maximum amount of traffic (e.g. number of calls per unit time) expected in the cell. However, during most of the time the amount of traffic is apparently considerably less than the maximum expected traffic amount the cell is rated for.
  • the maximum amount of traffic e.g. number of calls per unit time
  • a first approach is based on the fact that a base station BS can handle a fixed number of (traffic) radio channels TRX which also determine the capacity of the base station. These radio channels have been divided between different base stations, thus leading to a reuse of certain frequencies and a cellular arrangement with a so-called frequency reuse pattern. Stated in other words, cellular radio systems have conventionally been designed such that the same frequency or channel, respectively, is used in cells located at a sufficient distance from each other, whereby interfering signals resulting from propagation attenuation of the signals remain within acceptable limits.
  • PCT/FI95/00653 international publication number WO
  • a reuse pattern of n means that 1/n-th of all available frequencies (frequency bands) is allocated to every cell and the same frequencies are reused after a relative reuse distance from each other.
  • system capacity has conventionally been increased, e.g. by shortening the reuse distance, while specific measures for preventing a decrease of transmission quality (for example, reduction of transmission power level in order to reduce co-channel interference as an interference phenomenon due to signals transmitted in near-by cells on the same frequency) have to be provided for.
  • a second conventional approach is based on so-called soft capacity which is applicable in cellular radio networks offering a possibility for frequency hopping, as for example in GSM networks. That is, in frequency hopping networks, it is possible to use some quality/traffic measure to decide on a per-call-basis whether to allocate a channel or not. This will effectively provide soft capacity based on the actual traffic amount in different parts of the network.
  • such a soft capacity feature is difficult to implement in non-hopping networks because of the vastly different interference levels on individual channels.
  • this object is achieved by a method for flexible capacity dynamic frequency allocation in a cellular radio network wherein a portion of total available frequencies is allocated to the cells of the cellular network in a fixed manner, and remaining frequencies form a common frequency pool from which frequencies are temporarily allocated to a respective cell based on traffic considerations.
  • this object is achieved by a method for flexible capacity dynamic frequency allocation in a cellular radio network, wherein all allocatable frequencies are divided into frequency groups, each of which frequency groups containing at least one frequency, which frequency groups are assigned to cells of the cellular radio network such that at least two groups are assigned to each single cell, and at least one frequency group is moved from cells neighboring a respective cell to be temporarily allocated to said respective cell based on traffic considerations.
  • an arbitrary frequency not currently allocated to any of the interfering cells may be assigned from a common frequency pool to a cell requiring additional capacity .
  • the usable frequency band can be used at the same time for highest possible capacity in network, with no reserve banks or frequencies have to be reserved for heavy load situations, i.e. a high amount of traffic, due to arranging the frequencies into movable groups to be moved ("loaned") to a respective neighboring cell.
  • Fig. 1 shows a network architecture of a network based on a hexagonal grid used as an example for explanatory purposes
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of interfering cells within a network as shown in Fig. 1, the cells being arranged with a reuse distance D;
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a standard reuse pattern with reuse factor k of four
  • Fig. 4 schematically depicts, according to the first aspect of the invention, the frequency partition of the total allocatable frequencies
  • Fig. 5 is a table for illustrating allocation of frequencies from the common frequency pool to a specified target cell according to the first aspect of the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the number of allocated channels as a function of time according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the method for dynamic frequency allocation according to the second aspect of the present invention within an example cell structure adopting a frequency reuse factor k of three.
  • Fig. 1 Shown in Fig. 1 is a network architecture of a cellular radio network based on a hexagonal grid used as an example for explanatory purposes. That is, for the following explanations it is assumed that the cellular radio network is divided in cells of hexagonal shape, each cell representing the area in which, for example according to GSM standard, a base station BS (not shown) establishes communication links between said base station and numerous mobile stations MS (not shown) present within the cell.
  • BS base station
  • MS mobile stations
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of interfering cells (cells numbers 1 to 7) within a network as shown in Fig. 1 is depicted.
  • the cells of the network are arranged at a reuse distance D at which the frequencies allocated to respective cells are allowed to be reused.
  • the reuse distance D is dependent on the required ratio C/I.
  • r being the radius of the cell and/or the range of the base station
  • a reuse factor k of four means that only 1/4 of available frequencies is allocated to a respective cell.
  • a single respective frequency only is allocated to each of the cells, the respective frequency being reused or again allocated at (or after) the reuse distance D.
  • frequencies 1 to 4 are to be allocated in the cellular network depicted in Fig. 2
  • the frequency allocated to cell number 1 in Fig. 2 is, for example, reused in the cell indicated by D
  • frequencies 2 to 4 are, for example, allocated to cells numbers (2 + 5), (3 + 6), and (4 + 7), respectively, with the reuse distance being maintained for each frequency.
  • Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings exemplifies a cellular radio network in which frequency allocation to the individual cells may be effected according to the method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a portion of the available frequencies is allocated to the cells in a fixed manner, thus establishing a standard frequency reuse pattern as previously described.
  • the pilot or control channel frequency (the BCCH channel according to GSM) in each cell is permanently allocated.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a situation with a reuse factor k of four.
  • the rest of the available frequencies which are not permanently allocated form a so-called common frequency pool. From this common frequency pool, frequencies are temporarily allocated to cells based on traffic considerations, i.e. depending on the amount of traffic within a respective one of the cells.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the frequency partition of the total allocatable frequencies n into the common frequency pool n-m and those frequencies with fixed allocation m, according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a table for illustrating allocation of frequencies from the common frequency pool to a specified target cell according to the first aspect of the invention. This table is based on the assumption that the number of frequencies for total frequency allocation is fourteen, and that between the cells a reuse pattern of four is established. That is, four frequencies (frequencies 1 to 4) are fixedly allocated as a respective control channel as explained herein above with reference to Fig. 3, while the remaining frequencies (frequencies 5 to 14) form the common frequency pool. However, the above number of frequencies serves as an example only.
  • the number of total available frequencies is assumed to be n (fl, ..., fn) , with a portion of m frequencies (fl, ..., fm) thereof being allocated to the cells of the cellular network in a fixed manner, while the remaining n-m frequencies (fm+1, ..., fn) form the common frequency pool.
  • an interfering cell list is defined for each cell. This happens as a part of the manual or automatic frequency planning process. In principle, this list includes those cells that are closer than the allowed reuse distance.
  • an interfering cell list defined for cell number 1 contains the list of the potentially interfering (six) neighbors, i.e. cells numbers 2 to 7.
  • the list is contained in the base station controller BSC, the switch or other network element responsible for radio resource management RRM. Moreover, in case of a multi-layer network, the list will contain cells of all layers.
  • Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings is an arbitrarily chosen example of such an interfering cell list based on the previously made assumptions for the chosen example: fourteen different frequencies (1 to 14) totally allocatable, reuse factor of four with frequencies 1 to 4 fixedly allocated within the reuse pattern, and frequencies 5 to 14 thus forming the common frequency pool.
  • the entries in the cell 1 interfering cell list relate to those frequencies of the common frequency pool currently used by cells 2 to 7 neighboring cell 1 and those frequencies of the common frequency pool currently still available to be allocated to cell 1.
  • thresholds for either increasing or decreasing the number of channels (traffic channels) allocated to a specific cell are defined, dependent on the current traffic amount at a given time. That is, a threshold “increase channels” and a threshold “decrease channels” is defined.
  • the network element for radio resource management RRM selects from the common frequency pool a frequency which is not currently allocated to any of the interfering cells and assigns this frequency to the target cell. Thereby, the number of channels in the target cell is increased by one, thus providing increased transmission capacity within the cell.
  • the cell remains in a queue for an additional frequency. While in the queue, there is a possibility of hard blocking in that cell.
  • the maximum number of frequencies possible in a cell is limited by the hardware HW installed in the respective base station BS .
  • the element handling RRM keeps a table of interfering cells for each target cell and frequencies from the common frequency pool currently allocated to those cells.
  • the cell is removed from the queue. Furthermore, it is also possible that the "decrease channel" threshold is set to a different value when a cell is in the queue.
  • the "increase channel” threshold may be different from the “decrease channel” threshold.
  • these different thresholds i.e. the "increase channel” threshold and the “decrease channel” threshold are chosen such that hysteresis occurs. Such hysteresis will advantageously prevent continuous allocation-release of channels.
  • FIG. 6 of the drawings illustrates the method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the above described process can take place on a per timeslot basis, assuming that the network is synchronized.
  • N timeslots are provided per frame, then N tables similar to the one depicted m and explained with reference to Fig. 5 are provided for.
  • Fig. 7 depicts, also as an example only, a cellular radio network divided m hexagonal cells . Between the cells illustrated in the given example, a frequency reuse factor k of three is established.
  • allocatable frequencies grouped to frequency groups are not allocated to cells in a fixed static manner, but instead, a semi-dynamic allocation scheme, based on traffic considerations, i.e. based on load, namely based on the currently occurring amount of traffic, is proposed.
  • a cellular ra ⁇ io network is shown m which six different frequency groups fl, f2, ..., f6 are assumed to be available for radio communication.
  • Each of these frequency groups fl to f6 consists of a plurality of different individual frequencies, and consists of at least one frequency.
  • the same radio channel (frequency or frequency group) can not be allocated to neighboring cells.
  • radio channels can be divided into different groups, each of these groups containing several radio channels with the same radio frequency being located only in one group. There can be any number of these groups and each of them can contain any amount of radio channels.
  • One cell a base station BS
  • the available individual frequencies are divided into several frequency groups fl to f ⁇ each containing at least one frequency. These groups are assigned to the cells of the cellular network, so that at least two frequency groups, i.e. frequency groups fl&f2, f3&f4, f5&f6, respectively, are allocated to each respective single cell. As may be gathered therefrom, each cell uses only 1/3 of the overall available number of frequency groups, thus leading to a reuse factor k of 3 (together with a corresponding reuse pattern and/or reuse distance) .
  • a base station controller BSC controlling the plurality of individual base stations BS (not shown) forming the cellular radio network has a knowledge of a load (traffic amount) of each base station it controls.
  • the base station controller BSC has also a knowledge of allocated radio channels for each base station BS and for its neighboring cells. Therefore, a base station controller BSC must also know the neighboring cells of each cell (as is the case according to GSM standard, where a base station controller monitors at least the six neighboring cells of a specific cell of interest or target cell, respectively) .
  • these frequencies are organized to frequency groups.
  • the base station controller BSC knows the respective frequency groups allocated to each cell as well as those allocated to its neighboring cells.
  • the base station controller BSC when it notices a heavy load in one cell, it can move (or loan, respectively) a radio frequency or frequency group, respectively, from its neighboring cells in order to increase the capacity of the cell (base station BS or base transceiver station BTS) under "heavy load” conditions, i.e. the cell in which a large amount of traffic currently occurs.
  • This added (or moved) frequency group must not be present in neighboring cells or it must be removed from there, because of interference problems.
  • Fig. 7 Depicted in Fig. 7 is a situation in which the frequency group f ⁇ is moved from three cells adjacent to the cell under "heavy load” conditions to the cell under "heavy load” conditions. In this cell, frequency groups fl&f2&f ⁇ are thus present during the period of heavy load or large amount of radio communication traffic.
  • the capacity of the "heavy load" cell is increased in expense of the cells where the loaned frequency groups are removed.
  • the frequency groups can be returned to the original state in order to keep the frequency planning in control.
  • the load conditions and/or traffic amount occurring in a target cell may be judged as a "heavy load” situation depending on an appropriately set first threshold value. Similarly, a condition of ""heavy load” situation being over” may be judged depending on an appropriately set second threshold value.
  • threshold values may differ from each other to provide for hysteresis. Thus, also in this case it may be preferable to provide for hysteresis, thus preventing continuous moving of frequency groups .
  • the possible capacity of a cellular radio network like a GSM network can be increased.
  • all of the usable frequency band can be used at the same time for highest possible capacity in the network.
  • no "reserve" banks have to be reserved for situations of heavy traffic load.
  • the base station controller BSC software as a means for radio resource management RRM must know the neighboring cells of each cell and the radio frequencies allocated thereto. Organizing the frequencies to movable frequency groups makes it easier for the base station controller BSC (software) to handle the frequencies compared to a situation with single radio frequency handling. Furthermore, a group can still contain only one radio channel, such that this does not restrict the frequency planning.
  • the network frequency allocation can advantageously be designed with a higher reuse factor. This reduces the amount of frequencies usable by one base transceiver station BTS, but improves co-channel interference situations within the cellular radio network.
  • the disadvantage of lower capacity in each cell can be handled by moving groups from neighboring cells to a cell under "heavy traffic load” conditions, without degrading the co-channel interference properties of a network.
  • a still further advantage resides in the fact that with a higher reuse factor the moved (or loaned) frequency group has to be removed from less neighboring cells than in low reuse factor networks, while there is also a lot more frequency groups to be loaned. This renders the cellular radio networks configured with a high reuse factor more usable and leads to less co-channel interference in network, hence, to better transmission quality.
  • the method according to the second aspect of the present invention can be advantageously employed in order to improve the capacity of a cellular radio network and also it can be used to improve the transmission quality within the network.
  • both of the methods as described herein above with regard to the first and second aspects of the present invention may also be combined, if desired. That is, a radio frequency allocation method for use in a cellular radio network is conceivable, according to which radio frequencies organized in movable groups, according to the second aspect of the invention, may be supplemented by a common frequency pool of further available radio frequencies, according to the first aspect of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'affectation dynamique de fréquences dans un réseau radio cellulaire respectant l'adaptabilité des capacités du réseau. Un partie (f1,.., fm) de fréquences totales disponibles (f1, ..., fn) est affectée aux cellules du réseau cellulaire de manière fixe et les fréquences restantes (fm+1, ..., fn) forment un ensemble commun de fréquences à partir duquel les fréquences sont temporairement affectées à une cellule respective en fonction de considérations liées au trafic. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé d'affectation dynamique de fréquences dans un réseau radio cellulaire respectant l'adaptabilité des capacités du réseau, qui consiste à diviser toutes les fréquences pouvant être affectées en groupes de fréquences (f1, ..., f6), chacun des groupes de fréquences contenant au moins une fréquence. Les groupes de fréquences sont affectés aux cellules du réseau radio cellulaire de façon à ce qu'au moins deux groupes soient affectés à chaque cellule unique, et au moins un groupe de fréquences (f6) soit déplacé à partir des cellules se trouvant au voisinage d'une cellule respective prête à être affectée temporairement à ladite cellule respective en fonction de considérations liées trafic.
PCT/EP1997/003580 1997-07-07 1997-07-07 Procede d'affectation dynamique de frequences dans des reseaux radio cellulaires respectant l'adaptabilite des capacites du reseau WO1999003289A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1997/003580 WO1999003289A1 (fr) 1997-07-07 1997-07-07 Procede d'affectation dynamique de frequences dans des reseaux radio cellulaires respectant l'adaptabilite des capacites du reseau
AU40095/97A AU4009597A (en) 1997-07-07 1997-07-07 A method for flexible capacity dynamic frequency allocation in cellular radio networks

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PCT/EP1997/003580 WO1999003289A1 (fr) 1997-07-07 1997-07-07 Procede d'affectation dynamique de frequences dans des reseaux radio cellulaires respectant l'adaptabilite des capacites du reseau

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0971552A1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-12 France Telecom Système de radiocommunication cellulaire
WO2003005760A1 (fr) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-16 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et systeme d'attribution de ressources dans un reseau d'acces radio
EP1641295A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Attribution dynamique décentralisée des tranches de temps d'une bande de fréquences aux stations de base d'un système de radiocommunication
EP1773085A1 (fr) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Réseau sans fil à porteuses multiples avec ré-utilisation flexible et franctionnaire de fréquences
EP2037601A4 (fr) * 2006-06-19 2014-02-26 Ntt Docomo Inc Système de communication mobile

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0971552A1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-12 France Telecom Système de radiocommunication cellulaire
FR2781109A1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-14 France Telecom Systeme de radiocommunication cellulaire
WO2003005760A1 (fr) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-16 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procede et systeme d'attribution de ressources dans un reseau d'acces radio
EP1641295A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Attribution dynamique décentralisée des tranches de temps d'une bande de fréquences aux stations de base d'un système de radiocommunication
WO2006032546A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede pour l'affectation decentralisee d'une bande de frequence a des stations de base
EP1773085A1 (fr) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Réseau sans fil à porteuses multiples avec ré-utilisation flexible et franctionnaire de fréquences
AU2006300125B2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2010-06-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-carrier wireless network using flexible fractional frequency reuse
US7835750B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2010-11-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-carrier wireless network using flexible fractional frequency reuse
EP2037601A4 (fr) * 2006-06-19 2014-02-26 Ntt Docomo Inc Système de communication mobile

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