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WO1999004784A1 - Agent prophylactique - Google Patents

Agent prophylactique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999004784A1
WO1999004784A1 PCT/FI1998/000284 FI9800284W WO9904784A1 WO 1999004784 A1 WO1999004784 A1 WO 1999004784A1 FI 9800284 W FI9800284 W FI 9800284W WO 9904784 A1 WO9904784 A1 WO 9904784A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
betaine
animal
infection
mycoplasma
prophylactic agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1998/000284
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Champbell
Original Assignee
Cultor Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cultor Corporation filed Critical Cultor Corporation
Priority to AU67326/98A priority Critical patent/AU6732698A/en
Publication of WO1999004784A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999004784A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to prophylactics, which are defined as substances useful for defending or protecting living things from being infected by and/or damage from disease, and include substances such as chemical compounds, compositions, materials and the like, and particularly to prophylactics useful in animal husbandry and in particular to methods and treatments for improving or enhancing the health and/or growth of animals. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods of and treatments for reducing the adverse effects of illness in animals, particularly the deleterious effects of mycoplasma-induced diseases and related conditions in pigs by administering the prophylactic.
  • the present invention relates to methods and treatments for improving or enhancing the animals' resistance against diseases induced by mycoplasma and related organisms by administering betaine to the animals, particularly as part of a feed supplement, so that the treated animals are less prone to being infected by mycoplasma and there is significant improvement in the growth of the pigs.
  • the present invention finds particular application in administering glycine betaine or equivalent chemical compounds either alone or in combination with other additives to pigs in predetermined dosages or amounts over or for a predetermined time interval by including the betaine in the feed of the pigs during growth to eliminate or reduce the damage caused by mycoplasmal infection.
  • the cost of growing pigs to maturity ready for market is considerable and for economic pig production it is essential that each animal matures quickly in as healthy a condition as possible, which includes the pig being as disease free as possible.
  • One disease or condition suffered by pigs relates to infection by mycoplasma or related organisms, such as for example one or more of the other mycoplasmal infections. Infection by one or more of the mycoplasma-induced diseases causes great economic hardship to farmers and the profit-robbing capabilities of these insidious diseases have been known for years.
  • Mycoplasmal pneumonia or porcine enzootic pneumonia one of the more prevalent and insidious mycoplasmal diseases suffered by pigs, is caused by Mycoplasma hvopneumoniae, a mycoplasma which colonises in hair-like projections called cilia which line the pig's respiratory tract.
  • the disease becomes doubly potent when the cilia are destroyed, as this opens the way for more-deadly secondary invaders to attack the pig, such as Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Haemophilus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinomyces pyoqenes, Streptococci, Staphylococci and viruses which often exacerbate the situation into a severe pneumonia attack.
  • invaders such as Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Haemophilus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinomyces pyoqenes, Streptococci, Staphylococci and viruses which often exacerbate the situation into a severe pneumonia attack.
  • Infection with mycoplasmal pneumonia is widespread, with some researchers calculating its prevalence at about 70% or even higher in swine herds, particularly in the United States. It is spread by direct contact between the animals as well as through the air. Pigs of any age are susceptible to the infection starting with those as young as 7-10 days of age, but symptoms of the disease are not normally exhibited until after 3 to 10 weeks of age. Mycoplasmal pneumonia is a chronic disease and even though a high percentage of pigs are affected by this disease, loss of pigs through death due to the disease is very low. In general, pigs with mycoplasmal pneumonia continue to eat reasonably well, but do not grow at a normal rate if lesions are extensive or secondary bacterial pneumonias occur.
  • a second mycoplasma affecting pigs is Mycoplasma hyorhinis which causes arthritis and inflammation of the lining of the chest and abdominal cavity and membrane which covers the heart, as well as the membranes around the testieles of male pigs being affected.
  • the animal infected by this disease has lesions around the lungs, heart or in the abdominal cavity. Again, there is no satisfactory treatment of this disease on an individual basis. The effect of this disease can be monitored by measuring the weight of the animal as well as inspecting the condition of the lungs when the animal is slaughtered.
  • Mycoplasma hyosvnoviae causes arthritis in larger pigs weighing 40 to 100 kg, which results in the pigs becoming very lame with swollen hock, elbow, shoulder or stifle joints.
  • some treatments for this disease are known, the efficacy of such treatments is poor and about the only real method of eliminating mycoplasmal infections of this type from a swine herd is through depopulation and restocking with animals known to be free of these diseases. This is an extremely costly and time consuming exercise.
  • Betaine has been used in the past as a feed supplement for piglets and growing pigs to improve the growth and carcass quality of the pigs.
  • no investigations have been conducted to determine the effect of betaine in combating mycoplasmal infections in pigs, particularly in growing pigs.
  • betaine particularly in predetermined amounts in feed stock, has resulted in significant improvement in the growth of pigs when exposed to infection by mycoplasma and/or when actually infected by these organisms.
  • betaine may have been used in the past in connection with pigs, the inventors have surprisingly discovered a hitherto before unknown property of the betaine. This property which has been newly discovered by the inventors relates to using betaine to increase the resistance of pigs to mycoplasmal infections, and/or to reduce the damage to pigs caused by the mycoplasmal infection or infections from other organisms.
  • betaine plays a much larger role in the metabolism of animals, particularly in combating mycoplasmal infections and the damage caused by such infections in animals, particularly pigs, than would have been expected or could have been predicted, and consequently the inventors have discovered the use of betaine has now resulted in quite large but totally unexpected improvements in the growth rate and other performance characteristics of growing pigs when exposed to mycoplasmal infections or related organisms by the animals exhibiting an increase in resistance to mycoplasmal infection and a reduction in damage caused by such infections when the pigs are infected.
  • a prophylactic against mycoplasmal infection or infection by related organisms in animals which prophylactic reduces the chances of an animal contracting a mycoplasmal or related infection and/or reduces the damage caused to the animal by being infected with the mycoplasmal or related infection.
  • a method of treating an animal to reduce the chances of being infected by a mycoplasmal or related infection or to reduce the amount of damage caused to the animal by the mycoplasmal or related infection when infected comprising administering a therapeutic amount of prophylactic to the animal sufficient to counteract the effects of the mycoplasmal or related infection.
  • a method of combating the effects of mycoplasmal or related infection in an animal, particular a pig comprising administering a predetermined amount of a prophylactic or other disease fighting or disease reducing material to the animal for at least a predetermined time over a preselected period in order to effectively reduce or relieve the effect of or susceptibility to mycoplasmal or related infection.
  • the animal which can be treated by the prophylactic of the present invention is any animal, including humans. More typically, the animal is a pig, particularly a growing pig. Even more typically, the pig is less than 90 days old and/or less than 110 kg in weight.
  • the prophylactic is a betaine or a related compound. More typically, the betaine prophylactic is a glycine betaine (oxyneurin) or other betaine member compound or analogue. Other betaines include proline betaine, ⁇ -alanine betaine, tryptophan betaine, histidine betaine, 2- mercaptohistidine betaine, homostachydrine (pipecolate betaine) and the like.
  • prophylactics include glycine, methylene glycine, dimethyl glycine, glutamic acid, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, trimethylamine ⁇ -butyric acid, or the like.
  • the betaine is administered alone or in combination with one or more other materials.
  • the other materials include additives such as enzymes, antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins, and other medicaments or other agents or auxiliaries, feed supplements, or the like.
  • the other material or materials can be added separately or in combination with the betaine. Even more typically, the betaine and other material have a synergistically beneficial effect on the animal to protect it from mycoplasmal or related infection and the damage caused by such infection.
  • the feed administered to the pigs contains upto about
  • the betaine or equivalent compound is included in the feed supplement in a first amount for feeding to the animals for up to 41 days, more typically up to 35 days, typically a grower feed which is fed to the animals initially, and in a second amount for feeding to the animals over the next up to 50 days, more typically 28 days, typically in a finisher feed.
  • the first amount and second amounts can be different or can be the same.
  • the amounts are between about 1.0 kg/tonne and 1.25 kg/tonne.
  • the duration of the grower and finisher periods can be any length of time.
  • the betaine can be fed to the pigs at any time from birth to slaughter. More typically, the pigs are fed betaine from early in the grower phase to late in the finisher phase.
  • the compounds and treatments of the present invention combat the effects of mycoplasma-induced diseases or diseases induced by related organisms, such as diseases produced from infections by Mycoplasma hvopneumoniae, mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosvnoviae and the like.
  • the treatment of the present invention is effective against other diseases which cause lung damage, such as for example, pneumonias caused by other causes, dysentery, diseases caused by camphylbacter and the like.
  • the prophylactic of the present invention is useful against agenta that cause pneumonia lesions, such as for example, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, Bordetella, Actinobacillus, Salmonella,
  • agenta that cause pneumonia lesions such as for example, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, Bordetella, Actinobacillus, Salmonella,
  • Treatments The four treatments will be designated as:
  • Basal grower diet was formulated to contain 13.4 MJ DE/kg and 0.65 g available lysine:MJ DE.
  • the basal finisher diet was formulated to contain 13.0 MJ DE/kg DE and 0.50 g available lysine:MJ DE.
  • Measurements 1) Measurements of the weight of pigs were taken bi-weekly and P2 and tail fat thickness were measured at the same time.
  • results for growth performance of pigs fed with a diet supplement including the betaine (Group C) were compared with pigs which were not fed with betaine (Group A) during the grower phase of the experiment (0 to 41 days) and are given in Table 1.
  • the result for a similar comparison for the intermediate stages of the grower phase are given in Table 2, and the results for the finisher period (41 to 69 days) are given in Table 3.
  • betaine had a significant positive effect on growth rate and improved feed:gain in the period 1 to 28 days. Although the positive effects of betaine on growth performance tended to decline with time, betaine did improve growth rate during the 28 day finisher period and was most effective during the last two weeks of the period.
  • the pigs involved in the trial were affected by mycoplasmal pneumonia during the finisher period of the trials, i.e. after about day 41 of the trial. These animals exhibited extremely low feed intakes and growth rates.
  • the pigs used in the trial were examined for lung damage at the time of slaughter after about 69 days of being fed with one of the diets referred to previously, and the amount of damage to the lungs caused by the mycoplasmal infection was recorded as lung damage scores.
  • the lung damage scores are provided in Table 4 and relate to the percentage of lung area damaged by mycoplasmal infection.
  • the control groups of pigs (the group fed diets A and E), which were fed with the normal feed stock only and no betaine or enzyme either alone or in combination, developed a lung damage score of 12.4.
  • the group of pigs which were fed with the normal feed stock plus 1.0 kg/tonne of enzyme (the group fed diets B and F) developed a lung damage score of 8.3.
  • Betaine enhances the growth performance of animals, particularly pigs, by altering the nutrient supply to the animals, such as for example to the tissues of the pigs. It does this by altering the partition or distribution of nutrients between the different tissues of the animal, such as for example muscle tissues and organs, and by having different utilisation rates of the nutrients at different locations in the body by favouring utilisation rates at the tissue level.
  • pigs fed with appropriate dosages of betaine either with or without other additives or auxiliaries being present, exhibit increased resistance to contracting mycoplasma-induced diseases and when pigs do contract such diseases they have less serious bouts of disease as well as suffering less damage to their lungs from the disease.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur l'utilisation d'agents prophylactiques, notamment des bétaïnes ou des composés apparentés, ces substances permettant d'améliorer la résistance des animaux aux infections provoquées par le micoplasme ou autres organismes responsables de lésions similaires, et/ou de réduire les lésions chez un animal infecté. L'invention porte également sur des compositions alimentaires pour animaux comprenant ces agents prophylactiques destinés à l'utilisation précitée.
PCT/FI1998/000284 1997-07-25 1998-03-30 Agent prophylactique WO1999004784A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU67326/98A AU6732698A (en) 1997-07-25 1998-03-30 A prophylactic

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO8210A AUPO821097A0 (en) 1997-07-25 1997-07-25 A prophylactic
AUPO8210 1997-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999004784A1 true WO1999004784A1 (fr) 1999-02-04

Family

ID=3802500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1998/000284 WO1999004784A1 (fr) 1997-07-25 1998-03-30 Agent prophylactique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AUPO821097A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999004784A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001041795A1 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-06-14 Finnfeeds International Ltd. Additif pour aliment d'animaux
US6291488B1 (en) * 1992-11-26 2001-09-18 Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Preventing protozoal infections
WO2003011047A1 (fr) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-13 Berg & Schmidt Gmbh & Co. Adjuvant pour produit d'alimentation animale ou pour l'eau a boire destinee aux animaux
WO2007107184A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Taminco Traitement de volaille pour améliorer le taux de conversion d'aliments ou pour réduire l'incidence de l'ascite
WO2009033502A1 (fr) * 2007-09-12 2009-03-19 Taminco Traitement destiné aux cochons pour diminuer l'indice de consommation et/ou pour augmenter la vitesse de croissance
ITRM20080519A1 (it) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-02 Giuliani Spa Uso di acido gamma-ammino butirrico (gaba) o di una biomassa arricchita di acido gamma-ammino butirrico (gaba) per la prevenzione e/o il trattamento di infezioni.
EP3698780A1 (fr) * 2004-08-09 2020-08-26 Enrique Melendez Hevia Composition de glycine pour la prévention et/ou le traitement d'une maladie infectieuse causée par un virus chez un humain nécessitant une promotion de la synthèse du collagène

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2091101A (en) * 1981-01-06 1982-07-28 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti Pharmaceutical composition comprising gammabutyro-betaine for the treatment of syndromes induced by l-carnitine deficiency
WO1991014435A1 (fr) * 1990-03-19 1991-10-03 Brigham And Women's Hospital Traitement de troubles osmotiques a l'aide d'osmolytes organiques
WO1994024886A1 (fr) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-10 Cultor Ltd. Compositions destinees a etre administrees a des animaux souffrant de la coccidiose
US5516798A (en) * 1994-10-11 1996-05-14 North Carolina State University Method for treating diarrhea and a composition therefor
WO1996032850A1 (fr) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Cultor Ltd. Regulateurs de stress pour animaux
EP0781554A1 (fr) * 1995-07-25 1997-07-02 Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Piegeur de radicaux hydroxyles
WO1997038686A1 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-23 Haeussinger Dieter Utilisation d'un osmolyte pour traiter les effets d'une infection, d'une inflammation ou d'une dysfonction du systeme immunitaire
WO1997046246A1 (fr) * 1996-06-05 1997-12-11 Tomifarm S.R.L. Preparations complexes caracterisees par une teneur en betaine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2091101A (en) * 1981-01-06 1982-07-28 Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti Pharmaceutical composition comprising gammabutyro-betaine for the treatment of syndromes induced by l-carnitine deficiency
WO1991014435A1 (fr) * 1990-03-19 1991-10-03 Brigham And Women's Hospital Traitement de troubles osmotiques a l'aide d'osmolytes organiques
WO1994024886A1 (fr) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-10 Cultor Ltd. Compositions destinees a etre administrees a des animaux souffrant de la coccidiose
US5516798A (en) * 1994-10-11 1996-05-14 North Carolina State University Method for treating diarrhea and a composition therefor
WO1996032850A1 (fr) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Cultor Ltd. Regulateurs de stress pour animaux
EP0781554A1 (fr) * 1995-07-25 1997-07-02 Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Piegeur de radicaux hydroxyles
WO1997038686A1 (fr) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-23 Haeussinger Dieter Utilisation d'un osmolyte pour traiter les effets d'une infection, d'une inflammation ou d'une dysfonction du systeme immunitaire
WO1997046246A1 (fr) * 1996-06-05 1997-12-11 Tomifarm S.R.L. Preparations complexes caracterisees par une teneur en betaine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
STN INTERNATIONAL, File CAPLUS, CAPLUS Accession No. 1992:543434, YAKULT HONSHA CO., LTD., "Pharmaceuticals Effective in Controlling Shigella Infection"; & JP,A,04 126 098 (27-04-92) Heisei. *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6291488B1 (en) * 1992-11-26 2001-09-18 Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Preventing protozoal infections
WO2001041795A1 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-06-14 Finnfeeds International Ltd. Additif pour aliment d'animaux
AU776287B2 (en) * 1999-12-09 2004-09-02 Finnfeeds International Limited An additive for an animal feed
US7014863B2 (en) 1999-12-09 2006-03-21 Finfeeds International Limited Additive for an animal feed
KR100730604B1 (ko) * 1999-12-09 2007-06-20 핀피즈 인터내셔날 리미티드 동물 사료용 첨가제
WO2003011047A1 (fr) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-13 Berg & Schmidt Gmbh & Co. Adjuvant pour produit d'alimentation animale ou pour l'eau a boire destinee aux animaux
EP3698780A1 (fr) * 2004-08-09 2020-08-26 Enrique Melendez Hevia Composition de glycine pour la prévention et/ou le traitement d'une maladie infectieuse causée par un virus chez un humain nécessitant une promotion de la synthèse du collagène
AU2006340646B8 (en) * 2006-03-21 2012-01-19 Taminco Treatment of poultry for reducing the feed conversion rate or for reducing the incidence of ascites
AU2006340646B2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2012-01-12 Taminco Treatment of poultry for reducing the feed conversion rate or for reducing the incidence of ascites
CN101426378B (zh) * 2006-03-21 2012-05-23 塔明克公司 甘氨酸化合物在制备降低用于饲养家禽的饲料的转化率的家禽的非治疗性处理的药物中的用途
WO2007107184A1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Taminco Traitement de volaille pour améliorer le taux de conversion d'aliments ou pour réduire l'incidence de l'ascite
WO2009034151A1 (fr) * 2007-09-12 2009-03-19 Taminco Traitement de porcs pour réduire l'indice de consommation ou augmenter la vitesse de croissance
JP2010538627A (ja) * 2007-09-12 2010-12-16 タミンコ 飼料要求率を低下させるまたは生育速度を増加させるためのブタの処置
WO2009033502A1 (fr) * 2007-09-12 2009-03-19 Taminco Traitement destiné aux cochons pour diminuer l'indice de consommation et/ou pour augmenter la vitesse de croissance
RU2470522C2 (ru) * 2007-09-12 2012-12-27 Таминко Воздействие на свиней для уменьшения коэффициента усвоения корма или увеличения темпа роста
CN105166407A (zh) * 2007-09-12 2015-12-23 塔明克公司 降低饲料转化率或提高生长速率的猪的处理
ITRM20080519A1 (it) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-02 Giuliani Spa Uso di acido gamma-ammino butirrico (gaba) o di una biomassa arricchita di acido gamma-ammino butirrico (gaba) per la prevenzione e/o il trattamento di infezioni.

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