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WO1999008337A1 - Antenne a adaptateur d'accord et procede d'utilisation correspondant - Google Patents

Antenne a adaptateur d'accord et procede d'utilisation correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999008337A1
WO1999008337A1 PCT/NO1998/000225 NO9800225W WO9908337A1 WO 1999008337 A1 WO1999008337 A1 WO 1999008337A1 NO 9800225 W NO9800225 W NO 9800225W WO 9908337 A1 WO9908337 A1 WO 9908337A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feed line
antenna
ground plane
emitter element
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1998/000225
Other languages
English (en)
Norwegian (no)
Inventor
Per Steinar Hansen
Svein Andreas Skyttemyr
Oddvar Alsos
Original Assignee
Telenor As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telenor As filed Critical Telenor As
Priority to AU85646/98A priority Critical patent/AU8564698A/en
Publication of WO1999008337A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999008337A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna for electromagnetic radiation, preferably in the microwave range.
  • the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate having on one side thereof (top) at least one emitter element of a conducting material, as well as at least one feed line leading to the emitter element.
  • the dielectric substrate On an opposite side (underside) the dielectric substrate has a ground plane for the feed line, and the antenna is also equipped with a separate ground plane for the emitter element, arranged at a distance from the substrate.
  • Such an antenna type is previously known, as will be apparent from the following:
  • microstrip antennas were first put into the use in the mid-sixties, especially for missiles and aircraft applications. Initially the microstrip patches were used as individual radiators/emitter elements, but they are now often elements in arrays to provide fixed beams as well as scanning beams.
  • the driving force is to obtain low cost, low weight and low profile antennas for use in modern communication systems, in military systems and for other applications. This antenna type is described in a relatively comprehensive manner in
  • the emitter patch 1 lies upon a substrate 2, and with the ground plane 3 therebelow, but the feed line 4' enters in the form of a coaxial line 5 with a center conductor passing through the substrate 2 up to the radiation patch 1.
  • fig. 2c there appears two substrates 2 and 2" on respective sides of a ground plane 3.
  • the ground plane 3 has an opening or aperture 8 which is located underneath the emitter element 1 , and underneath the aperture 8 there is a feed line 4", i.e. this feed line is shown as lying on the underside of the substrate o 2".
  • the aperture coupled antenna has a multilayer structure.
  • Circular polarization can be obtained by means of orthogonal feed lines in toward the emitter element and with 90° phase shift therebetween.
  • s circular polarization can be obtained by means of a perturbation of the actual patch geometry, e.g. by corner cutting or incorporating slots.
  • microstrip antennas Two of the major problems associated with microstrip antennas are that they exhibit small bandwidths and high loss (in particular this concerns feed and network losses in arrays).
  • Use of a thicker substrate underneath the emitter o element, and/or a substrate having lower permittivity may increase bandwidth as well as radiation efficiency. With the appropriate substrate, radiation efficiency of about 95% is achievable for a single patch antenna.
  • the coaxial type feed (also named "probe feeding"), see fig. 2b, requires special matching arrangements between the feed line and the emitter patch in 0 order to compensate for the probe inductance and to reduce the return loss.
  • the probe feed arrangement is also more expensive to manufacture, as it comprises a connection through the substrate.
  • By using different substrates for the feed line and the patch such as shown in fig. 2c, one has the possibility to separately optimize the emitter patch and the feed line.
  • the two main disadvantages with this multilayer structure is, however, increased cost regarding both materials and manufacture.
  • an antenna is provided of the type mentioned initially, and which in addition has the special feature that the feed line ground plane is shaped with a tuning section extending some distance under the emitter element, the tuning section being connected to the rest of the feed line ground plane via a transition section.
  • This solution results in manufacturing costs similar to the costs for the simple and coplanar feed antenna having one substrate (fig. 2a), and feed line performance corresponding to the performance of the two-layer aperture coupled antenna (fig. 2c).
  • the transition section up toward the tuning section is shaped with a gradually decreasing width.
  • the taper may be linear or have some other geometrical shape, e.g. a curved taper.
  • the transition section borders to and passes into the tuning section in a region near an edge of the emitter element where the feed line enters.
  • the substrate, the emitter element and the ground planes are flat and parallel. However, it shall be remarked that it is not necessary with a flat embodiment.
  • the radiation element, the feed line and the feed line ground plane can be fabricated by etching a dielectric substrate that is metal coated on two sides. Such etching is a favorable manner of fabricating, however other methods can also be utilized in the manufacture.
  • the antenna tuning section (tuning stub) is substantially rectangular.
  • the two ground planes are interconnected by means of a wall of a conductive material. Such a wall solution is favorable because it provides "many short-circuiting spots".
  • a suitably thin wall also reduces material consumption and weight, relative to a solution with a bulk type connection between the larger part of the feed line ground plane and an extension of the emitter element ground plane.
  • a bulk type connection is of course another possible design, and the emitter element ground plane can then be formed by milling out a section from a suitably thick and conductive material.
  • the previously mentioned wall is preferably perpendicular to both ground planes when these planes are parallel. However, this is not a necessity for the invention.
  • the wall is placed and adapted geometrically so that the transition section and the tuning stub protrude like a section that has been cut off from the rest of the feed line ground plane by means of the wall.
  • an interspace between the substrate and the radiation patch ground plane may be filled by a dielectric material, at least in an area underneath the radiation patch and the tuning stub.
  • the dielectric material may e.g. be a plastic material, or it may be e.g. air.
  • a wall provides a connection between the two ground planes as mentioned above, the complete section that is bounded by the wall, the emitter element ground plane and the substrate and which partly lies underneath the emitter element, may be filled by the dielectric material.
  • the substrate may have a number of emitter elements/radiation patches arranged in a predetermined pattern, a feed line network, a common ground plane for the emitter elements, and - a common ground plane for the feed line network, where each respective emitter element has a corresponding assigned tuning section in the common ground plane for the feed line network.
  • the invention also comprises a further aspect, namely a method for tuning the match between a feed line and an emitter element in an antenna of the type discussed above.
  • the method comprises the special features that the length of a tuning section is determined from impedance calculations and a requirement that the impedance that is constituted by impedance contributions from the tuning section and the emitter element, shall be purely resistive at a particular frequency, and that the tuning section is provided with the length thus determined, when manufacturing the antenna.
  • the manufacturing process may comprise an etch process or e.g. milling or cutting conductive/metallic material.
  • fig. 1 shows the generic and previously known microstrip antenna design
  • fig. 2a shows a previously known design with coplanar feed on one single substrate
  • fig. 2b shows a previously known design with a feed line passing through the substrate
  • fig. 2c shows in an exploded view a previously known design with coupling from an underlying feed line through an aperture in the emitter element ground plane, and with two substrates
  • fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an antenna in accordance with the invention, in an exploded view
  • fig. 4 is a circuit diagram representing a transmission line model for the central elements in an antenna in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 appears an example of a favorable embodiment of the antenna in accordance with the invention.
  • the antenna is stratified, and is shown suitably in an exploded view.
  • the special antenna shown here is adapted to emit circularly polarized radiation, and this is done by designing the emitter element/patch 1 with cut corners 10.
  • the top layer also shows the dielectric substrate 2 and feed line 4 leading to the emitter element 1. Underneath the substrate 2 one finds the feed line ground plane 5.
  • This ground plane 5 has a special shape with a tuning section 6 protruding some distance in under the radiation patch 1 , and a transition section 9 tapering gradually toward the tuning section 6.
  • the tuning section 6 behaves approximately in the same manner as an open-ended stub where the stub length determines the reactance.
  • this stub provides impedance matching together with the width of the feed line 4.
  • the ground plane 5 lies closely under or is fixed to the underside of substrate 2.
  • the feed line ground plane further comprises a main part 17 and a protruding part 11 , where part 11 and diagonal edge 12 are provided to give a geometrical adaptation to the shape of the radiation patch 1 , namely with a uniform distance to the edges thereof, and at such a distance that the emission characteristics are unaffected.
  • the extent of ground plane 5 is without importance, the area may in principle be infinite.
  • a ground plane for the actual emitter element 1 is constituted by part 3, which is a metallic or conductive plate at a larger distance from the emitter element than the distance between ground plane 5 and the feed line. This distance is maintained by the conductive wall 7, which wall also provides a conducting interconnection between the two ground planes and provides short- circuiting of undesirable modes.
  • the wall height can be adapted/adjusted.
  • the conductive wall 7 is appropriately designed with a diagonal part 14 and a protruding part 13 in order to provide distance adaptation to the emitter element 1 , i.e. wall parts 13 and 14 are arranged at the same distance from the emitter element edge, however not so close as to affect the emission characteristics.
  • Reference numeral 15 designates the remaining part of ground plane 3, actually there might as well have been a bulk metal connection on this side of wall 7 up to the feed line ground plane 5, but such a bulk metallic connection would mean large material consumption.
  • this planar design of an antenna with two ground planes can be extended in a simple manner to an array antenna having several emitter elements/radiation patches.
  • Capacitive antenna tuning can be made by adapting the length of the tuning section 6.
  • the transition section 9 can be linearly tapered as shown in the drawing, or a curved shape can be used.
  • the solution including a wall 7 has been chosen because it is not sufficient with a few short-circuiting spots between the two ground planes, which must be electrically interconnected. Besides, a suitably thin wall also reduces material consumption and weight in comparison to a solution with a bulk connection between the main part 17 of the feed line ground plane 5 and the remaining part
  • One method for manufacturing the top part of the shown antenna is that a dielectric substrate metal coated on two sides is subjected to etching of the metal in order to create the emitter element 1 , the feed line 4 and, on the other side of the substrate, the feed line ground plane 5.
  • Other manufacturing methods are of course also possible.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Cette antenne hyperfréquences est constituée d'un substrat diélectrique (2) portant un élément émetteur (1) auquel aboutit une ligne d'alimentation (4), la face inférieure du substrat fournissant le plan de sol (5) à la ligne d'alimentation (4). Un autre plan de sol, spécifique de l'élément émetteur (1), est plus éloigné du substrat (2), les deux plans de sol (3, 5) étant électriquement interconnectés (7). La forme du plan de sol (5) de la ligne d'alimentation comporte un adaptateur d'accord (6) prenant sensiblement en dessous de l'élément émetteur, l'adaptateur d'accord (6) étant connecté au reste de la ligne d'alimentation par une zone de transition (9). Cette antenne, qui ne coûte pas cher à fabriquer, laisse de bonnes possibilités d'accord au niveau de la connexion entre la ligne d'alimentation et l'élément émetteur.
PCT/NO1998/000225 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Antenne a adaptateur d'accord et procede d'utilisation correspondant WO1999008337A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU85646/98A AU8564698A (en) 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Antenna and method using tuning stub

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO973465 1997-07-28
NO973465A NO304337B1 (no) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Antenne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999008337A1 true WO1999008337A1 (fr) 1999-02-18

Family

ID=19900969

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1998/000225 WO1999008337A1 (fr) 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Antenne a adaptateur d'accord et procede d'utilisation correspondant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8564698A (fr)
NO (1) NO304337B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999008337A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100359932B1 (ko) * 2000-06-15 2002-11-07 삼성종합화학주식회사 에틸렌 중합 및 공중합용 촉매
KR100387734B1 (ko) * 2000-06-17 2003-06-18 삼성종합화학주식회사 올레핀 중합용 촉매 및 중합방법
EP1425820A1 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2004-06-09 Fractus, S.A. Plans de sol de couverture de l'espace a niveaux multiples pour antennes multibandes miniatures
EP1837950A3 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2007-10-17 Fractus, S.A. Aléseuse à plusieurs niveaux et compacte pour antennes miniatures et multibandes
US7542752B2 (en) 2005-05-13 2009-06-02 Go Net Systems Ltd. Method and device for adjacent channels operation
US7605758B2 (en) 2005-05-13 2009-10-20 Go Net Systems Ltd. Highly isolated circular polarized antenna
US7928915B2 (en) 2004-09-21 2011-04-19 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel ground-plane for a mobile device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4605933A (en) * 1984-06-06 1986-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Extended bandwidth microstrip antenna
US4847625A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-07-11 Ford Aerospace Corporation Wideband, aperture-coupled microstrip antenna
US5241321A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-08-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Dual frequency circularly polarized microwave antenna
US5588198A (en) * 1994-03-09 1996-12-31 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method of regulating resonance frequency of surface-mountable antenna

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4605933A (en) * 1984-06-06 1986-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Extended bandwidth microstrip antenna
US4847625A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-07-11 Ford Aerospace Corporation Wideband, aperture-coupled microstrip antenna
US5241321A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-08-31 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Dual frequency circularly polarized microwave antenna
US5588198A (en) * 1994-03-09 1996-12-31 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method of regulating resonance frequency of surface-mountable antenna

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100359932B1 (ko) * 2000-06-15 2002-11-07 삼성종합화학주식회사 에틸렌 중합 및 공중합용 촉매
KR100387734B1 (ko) * 2000-06-17 2003-06-18 삼성종합화학주식회사 올레핀 중합용 촉매 및 중합방법
EP1425820A1 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2004-06-09 Fractus, S.A. Plans de sol de couverture de l'espace a niveaux multiples pour antennes multibandes miniatures
EP1837950A3 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2007-10-17 Fractus, S.A. Aléseuse à plusieurs niveaux et compacte pour antennes miniatures et multibandes
US7362283B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2008-04-22 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US7688276B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2010-03-30 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US7911394B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2011-03-22 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US8581785B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2013-11-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US7928915B2 (en) 2004-09-21 2011-04-19 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel ground-plane for a mobile device
US7542752B2 (en) 2005-05-13 2009-06-02 Go Net Systems Ltd. Method and device for adjacent channels operation
US7605758B2 (en) 2005-05-13 2009-10-20 Go Net Systems Ltd. Highly isolated circular polarized antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8564698A (en) 1999-03-01
NO973465A (no) 1998-11-30
NO973465D0 (no) 1997-07-28
NO304337B1 (no) 1998-11-30

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