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WO1999033335A2 - Composition et procede de fabrication d'une litiere pour chats a l'aide d'aluminosilicates ioniques - Google Patents

Composition et procede de fabrication d'une litiere pour chats a l'aide d'aluminosilicates ioniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999033335A2
WO1999033335A2 PCT/US1998/027858 US9827858W WO9933335A2 WO 1999033335 A2 WO1999033335 A2 WO 1999033335A2 US 9827858 W US9827858 W US 9827858W WO 9933335 A2 WO9933335 A2 WO 9933335A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aluminosilicate
composition
transition metal
litter
salts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/027858
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George A. Trabits
Original Assignee
Addwest Minerals
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Addwest Minerals filed Critical Addwest Minerals
Priority to AU22096/99A priority Critical patent/AU2209699A/en
Publication of WO1999033335A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999033335A2/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/046—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a non-organic compound

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and a composition of aluminosilicates containing transition metal ions which are useful in inhibiting the growth of odor causing microbes in a litter and other odor inhibiting products.
  • Most cat litters are composed of layered aluminosilicates and blends of three-dimensional porous aluminosilicates.
  • Layered aluminosilicates include natural clays such as bentonite, palygorskite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and others.
  • Three dimensional porous aluminosilicates include naturally occurring zeolites such as clinoptilolite and others.
  • the preferred properties of all cat litters include absorption, odor control and longevity. Absorption is the penetration of a substance into the body of another, generally that of a fluid into the body of a solid. For cat litters, absorption is important to "trap" and contain urine.
  • Odor control is a necessary quality of any cat litter since cat litter boxes are typically kept indoors. Thus, the occurrence of any odor is a significant problem with cat owners. Longevity relates to how often the cat litter in a litter box needs to be changed. For example, a litter box that requires the cat litter to be changed after each use by a feline would be of little value to the cat owner. Accordingly, longevity is directly dependent upon the formation of odor and, as perceived by the cat owner, the need to change the litter.
  • Cat litters that have a tendency to clump have a longer useful life than regular cat litters.
  • Clumping or scoopable litters have the ability to form a clump of the litter material when it becomes wet with urine. This clump is then scooped out of the litter box by the cat owner and disposed of. Such mechanical maintenance of the litter box prolongs the life by removing the encapsulated waste.
  • One particular key to the effectiveness of a clumping litter is the strength of the clump. When a cat covers the freshly soiled area, its covering action has the tendency to break the clump apart. Accordingly, not all the soiled litter will be removed during the maintenance performed by the cat owner. Clumping litters, consequently, still need to exhibit odor control capabilities.
  • Odor formation in cat litter is a biological process that is largely dependant upon bacterial action.
  • Cat urine and fecal material naturally contain bacteria. Once inoculated by the cat, the litter box provides a favorable environment for bacteria growth. The moist conditions provided by urine along with the large surface area provided by the cat litter result in rapid bacteria development. Ammonia formation begins once the bacterial action has started. The formation of ammonia is the major odor associated with the litter box.
  • yeast, mold and fungi can develop in the litter box creating additional malodorous conditions.
  • Two primary methods have been employed to control odor in an attempt to prolong the usable life of the cat litter. These methods include the addition of perfumes and chemical coatings.
  • Perfumes are added to many cat litter products and serve only to mask odor. Perfumes do not inhibit odor formation but only hide urine odor with a stronger, less onerous fragrance. Chemicals such as hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide have been added as surface coatings on cat litter to suppress bacteria. Surface coatings are limited in effectiveness and tend to decrease litter porosity and thus interfere with odor absorption. Both perfumes and chemical coatings pose certain health risks for adults and children as well as cats. Some people have sensitivities to perfumes and can experience allergic reactions. Additionally, cat litter is a common household item that can easily come into contact with small children and be accidentally eaten. Cats are also at risk due to direct contact with the litter and the tendency to lick their paws during grooming, thereby ingesting treated particles. Additionally, chemical coatings can irritate the paws of cats and cause respiratory problems if the litter is dusty.
  • To achieve this object is based on the recognition that certain metal ions are toxic to microorganisms and can result in microbe death or inhibit reproduction, and that these metals can be preferentially exchanged with cations of ionic aluminosilicate cat litters. Further, by inhibiting microbe growth, odor formation can be significantly prevented.
  • the present invention provides a distribution of selected metal ions on the surface areas and microporous framework cavities of the aluminosilicate.
  • the ion exchange process of the present invention does not plug or obstruct the aluminosilicate pores, and therefore does not interfere with odor absorption.
  • the present invention provides a microbicidal metal in aluminosilicate in a form that is bioavailable to the organism, thus causing microbe death or reducing reproduction.
  • the present invention provides a composition and a method for making an antimicrobial material which substantially inhibits the growth of microbes.
  • One particular embodiment of the present invention provides a composition and a method for inhibiting odor formation in cat litter.
  • the present invention can also be used in odor control for the litter of other household pets as well as applications for odor control in horse stalls, dairy barns, hog lots, cattle feed lots and any other area where an odor control is desired.
  • the present invention has universal applications in environments where odor suppression is desired as a result of animal urine or where high liquid absorption rates are desirable.
  • the present invention can also be used in litters in confined laboratory animals where a sterile environment is required, or in veterinary hospitals to prevent the spread of disease.
  • the present invention can further be used as air filtration systems in heating, cooling and ventilation systems as well as air conditioner condensate pans to retard the growth of odor causing bacteria, molds and fungi including the elimination of human pathogens such as Legionnaire's disease.
  • the composition of the present invention can also be used to selectively kill or inhibit bacteria or molds or fungi while allowing non-targeted microbes to thrive. This can be accomplished by selection of a metal or metals at a concentration toxic to the target microbe but not toxic to the non-targeted microbes.
  • a composition can be used as a soil amendment or as a metal exchanged ionic aluminosilicate treatment bed in waste water processes to eliminate harmful microbes while not having any detrimental affect on beneficial microbes.
  • the composition of the present invention can also be used for disrupting the food chain of higher organisms which rely on bacteria or molds or fungi to process otherwise indigestible organic or inorganic material. For example, organisms such as termites, fireants and other insects could feasibly be controlled.
  • composition of the present invention can also be used as an additive to paints, foot powders, tile grout, bathroom caulking, outdoor caulking, roofing shingles, dry wall board, wood treatments and concrete to retard the growth of molds and fungi.
  • metal ions can be successfully exchanged with ionic aluminosilicates and that these metal ions exhibit varying degrees of microbial control.
  • the metal ion is a transition metal ion and any other metal ion which has an antimicrobial activity. More preferably, the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, silver, titanium, nickel, silver, iron, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof.
  • the aluminosilicate is contacted with a ZnS0 4 solution under a condition and time sufficient to load 256 to 282 ppm of zinc per 10 grams of aluminosilicate.
  • aluminosilicate Alternatively, about 6 g of zinc is present per kilogram of aluminosilicate.
  • Such composition can be prepared by, for example, contacting 1 M solution of a zinc salt with the aluminosilicate for about 0.2 h at room temperature and drying the resulting aluminosilicate.
  • aluminosilicate is contacted with a CuCl 2 solution under a condition and time sufficient to load 416 to 588 ppm of copper per 10 grams of aluminosilicate.
  • aluminosilicate is contacted with a CuS0 4 solution under a condition and time sufficient to load 368 to 371 ppm of copper per 10 grams of aluminosilicate.
  • a method for manufacturing the antimicrobial aluminosilicate cat litter includes contacting the aluminosilicate with a 1.0% weight percent solution of the metal salt and stirring the mixture for about two hours.
  • the aluminosilicate is then removed and dried, for example, in a fluid bed drier at a temperature of about 100°C, until the final moisture of aluminosilicate reaches from about 10 to about 15 percent.
  • the time of exposure, concentration and temperature may be modified depending on numerous factors such as the ambient humidity, the entrained moisture in the aluminosilicate, etc.
  • the antimicrobial aluminosilicate can be prepared by spraying the aluminosilicate with the metal salt solution; for example, this can be achieved by passing the aluminosilicate beneath a spray bar on a moving conveyor.
  • the moving conveyor can be made to turn the aluminosilicate during the process so that all surfaces become moistened with the metal salt solution.
  • the aluminosilicate is then thermally or air dried to a final moisture content of from about 10 to about 15 percent.
  • Yet another method for preparing the antimicrobial aluminosilicate includes contacting the aluminosilicate to a fume of a metal salt, e.g., a zinc metal salt such as zinc chloride or zinc sulfate, in an enclosed vessel at a controlled temperature and pressure.
  • a metal salt e.g., a zinc metal salt such as zinc chloride or zinc sulfate
  • the metal salt is heated until it becomes a vapor.
  • the metal salt vapor is then contacted with a bed of aluminosilicate.
  • the aluminosilicate can then be removed in a dry state.
  • the metal salt should be heated below this aluminosilicate decomposition temperature.
  • the vaporization temperature is kept at below about 1100 °F.
  • the zinc salt is heated to about 500 °F.
  • loading for CuS0 4 and ZnS0 4 is 0.5% solution.
  • loading refers to an ion exchange wherein the metal ions in the solution becomes incorporated into aluminosilicate.
  • zinc ion provided superior antimicrobial qualities in the present invention
  • other metal salts including, but not limited to, other zinc metal sources such as ZnCl 2 , and titanium salts, iron salts, cobalt salts, nickel salts, chromium salts, silver salts and any other metal salts which has antimicrobial activity can be used.
  • Examples 11-22 These examples illustrates the effect of aluminosilicate containing a metal ion on the microbial growth.
  • a study on the effects on microbial growth was carried out by variously exchanging metal ions with an aluminosilicate.
  • the metal ions exchanged were those of zinc and copper.
  • the aluminosilicate used was clinoptilolite.
  • the cation exchange capacity of the clinoptilolite used averaged between 1.8 and 2.2 meg/g.
  • Prior to ion exchange the clinoptilolite was sized to a 20X40 mesh material which approximated a clumping cat litter and a 8X20 mesh material which approximated a regular cat litter. This sized material was then exposed to 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% weight percent solutions of ZnS0 4 , CuCl 2 and CuS0 4 .
  • mice-mold-fungi and bacteria are substantially inhibited by the ion exchanged clinoptilolite.
  • Control sample i.e., Example 17, of non-ion exchanged clinoptilolite did not inhibit microbe growth.
  • Subsequent testing of the present invention as a household litter demonstrated an improvement in odor control with a corresponding increase in the useable life of the cat litter.
  • the effectiveness of the present invention in controlling odor is believed to be associated with the selection of a metal ion whose cation exchange selectivity is less than that of ammonia.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition antimicrobienne et un procédé de fabrication de cette dernière. La composition selon l'invention comprend un aminosilicate contenant un ion de métal de transition. De préférence, cet aluminosilicate est un zéolithe, et de préférence, du clinoptilotite. Cette composition peut être utilisée comme litière pour contrôler les odeurs.
PCT/US1998/027858 1997-12-30 1998-12-30 Composition et procede de fabrication d'une litiere pour chats a l'aide d'aluminosilicates ioniques WO1999033335A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU22096/99A AU2209699A (en) 1997-12-30 1998-12-30 Composition and method for making a cat litter using ionic aluminosilicates

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7000597P 1997-12-30 1997-12-30
US60/070,005 1997-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999033335A2 true WO1999033335A2 (fr) 1999-07-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/027858 WO1999033335A2 (fr) 1997-12-30 1998-12-30 Composition et procede de fabrication d'une litiere pour chats a l'aide d'aluminosilicates ioniques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2209699A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999033335A2 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2793386A1 (fr) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-17 Ceca Sa Compositions bactericides a controle d'odeurs ameliore, leurs procedes de fabrication et leurs utilisations comme litieres pour animaux familiers et comme additifs de litieres pour animaux domestiques
US7603964B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2009-10-20 The Clorox Company Composite particle animal litter and method thereof
US7943050B2 (en) * 2003-10-12 2011-05-17 Aquamaker Llc Method for controlling microbial contamination in water
EP2489269A1 (fr) 2011-02-21 2012-08-22 Geohellas S.A. Composition comportant un composite biocide
US9253961B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-02-09 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US9283540B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-03-15 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US10071363B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2018-09-11 The Clorox Company Non-visible activated carbon in absorbent materials
CN113598071A (zh) * 2021-08-11 2021-11-05 甘肃建投矿业有限公司 一种浊沸石抗菌猫砂及其制备方法
US11918969B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2024-03-05 The Clorox Company Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2793386A1 (fr) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-17 Ceca Sa Compositions bactericides a controle d'odeurs ameliore, leurs procedes de fabrication et leurs utilisations comme litieres pour animaux familiers et comme additifs de litieres pour animaux domestiques
US9253961B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-02-09 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US9283540B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-03-15 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US7943050B2 (en) * 2003-10-12 2011-05-17 Aquamaker Llc Method for controlling microbial contamination in water
US7603964B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2009-10-20 The Clorox Company Composite particle animal litter and method thereof
US10071363B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2018-09-11 The Clorox Company Non-visible activated carbon in absorbent materials
EP2489269A1 (fr) 2011-02-21 2012-08-22 Geohellas S.A. Composition comportant un composite biocide
US11918969B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2024-03-05 The Clorox Company Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter
US12390787B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2025-08-19 The Clorox Company Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter
CN113598071A (zh) * 2021-08-11 2021-11-05 甘肃建投矿业有限公司 一种浊沸石抗菌猫砂及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2209699A (en) 1999-07-19

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