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WO2000053992A1 - Echangeur thermique constitue de plaques tubulaires tissees - Google Patents

Echangeur thermique constitue de plaques tubulaires tissees Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000053992A1
WO2000053992A1 PCT/CA2000/000236 CA0000236W WO0053992A1 WO 2000053992 A1 WO2000053992 A1 WO 2000053992A1 CA 0000236 W CA0000236 W CA 0000236W WO 0053992 A1 WO0053992 A1 WO 0053992A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchanger
itp
weft
lcp
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2000/000236
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eldon Lawrence Fletcher
Pallatheri Manackal Subramanian
Original Assignee
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Dupont Canada Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company, Dupont Canada Inc. filed Critical E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Publication of WO2000053992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000053992A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits

Definitions

  • BACKGROUND Efficient plate type units used in nylon heat exchangers are produced by a twin sheet thermoforming process with internal gas assist, which gives an essentially flat plate consisting of a number of tubes joined by ligatures formed from the sheets of nylon. This process is described in US 5,195,240.
  • German Patent DT 2,012,883 B2 discloses weaving or braiding around tubes in a heat exchanger sheet a filament which is used to block the flow of fluid parallel to the tubes.
  • the filament is woven or braided in part of the way from one side, then at a distance along the tubes, part of the way from the other side.
  • the resulting sheet is preferably rolled so that the filaments block or interfere with the flow of fluid along the lengths of and outside the tubes.
  • the sheets can be kept flat instead of being rolled, and stacked flat, with the filaments serving the same function.
  • the braiding is illustrated as a filament woven up and down, around the tubes, so that the tubes stay essentially flat. This patent uses the filaments to channel the flow of the fluid outside and parallel to the tubes and does not envision fluid flowing outside the tubes which flows perpendicular to and across the tubes.
  • thermoplastic heat exchanger comprising tube plates to contain a first heat-exchange medium and separate it from a second heat-exchange medium, said first medium circulating inside said tubes and said second medium circulating outside said tubes, wherein the tubes are held together as a warp by a weft which is woven or braided in a direction perpendicular to the tubes and the second medium flows in a direction perpendicular to both the tubes and the weft.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a tube plate of the invention with the tubes essentially flat and straight.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a tube plate of the invention with the tubes in a wavy or sinusoidal arrangement.
  • Heat exchanger tube plates are formed from tubes that are fed simultaneously into a conventional weaving or knitting loom, in the machine or "warp" direction.
  • a weft of woof of a filler material which could be a thread or filament-like material of a thermoplastic or even natural fiber, is then used to join these tubes in the loom.
  • filler and weaving configuration could be adjusted so that significant tube to tube contact would occur, allowing tube to tube bonding to be introduced, for example by thermal bonding of appropriate materials.
  • polymers useful in the present invention include both isotropic thermoplastic polymers (ITP) and liquid crystal polymers (LCP), which include the following: While the invention is illustrated with certain polyamides, it will be apparent that it is not limited to the use of such materials and that other thermoplastics, preferably ITPs can be used alternatively and can be used in combination with LCPs in various structures including multilayer films, such as the following: Isotropic herein means that the polymer is isotropic when tested by the thermo-optical test (TOT) described in U.S. Patent 4,118,372, which is hereby included by reference. Any ITP may be used so long as it meets certain requirements.
  • TOT thermo-optical test
  • an ITP may not be chemically stable to one or more of the fluids in the heat exchanger, for instance, many polyesters hydrolyze or otherwise degrade in the presence of water, water-alcohol, or water- glycol mixtures, especially at higher than ambient temperatures. Many ITPs are relatively permeable to many liquids and/or gases, and therefore allow losses and/or migration of these materials in or from the heat exchanger. Some ITPs may be swollen by one or more of the fluids used in the heat exchanger thereby changing their dimensions and/or physical properties. All of the above are of course problems in plastic heat exchangers.
  • thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer used in the heat exchanger often alleviates or eliminates one or more of the above mentioned problems.
  • LCP thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer
  • an LCP is meant a polymer that is anisotropic when tested in the TOT Test described in U.S. Patent 4,118,372. If the LCP layer is placed between a fluid and any particular ITP in the heat exchanger it usually protects that ITP from chemical degradation by the fluid, and/or also often protects the ITP from being swollen by that fluid. In addition, even if the ITP is swollen, the LCP because of its high relative stiffness, and the fact that it is not swollen by many fluids, help the overall heat exchanger maintain its shape and dimensions.
  • the LCP acts as an excellent barrier layer to many fluids.
  • the commonly used internal coolant is a mixture of a glycol and water
  • the external coolant is air.
  • ITPs diffusion of water and/or glycol is so rapid that frequent replenishment of the water/glycol mixture is needed. If an LCP layer is included, the diffusion is greatly decreased.
  • the LCP is usually the more expensive of the polymers present in the heat exchanger, it is economically preferable to limit its use. Therefore, in most constructions it is preferred that the LCP is present in relatively thin layer(s) and that layer(s) of the ITP be relatively thick so as to carry much of the structural load of the heat exchanger (i.e., pressure of the fluid(s), maintain structural shape and dimensions, etc.).
  • the heat exchanger is made up of one or more LCP layers and one or more layers of ITP. If more than one layer of LCP or ITP is present, more than one type of LCP or ITP. respectively, can be used. In addition other layers may be present. For example, so called tie layers, also called tie or adhesive layers, may be used to increase the adhesion between various LCP and ITP layers, or between ITP layers or between LCP layers.
  • tie layers also called tie or adhesive layers, may be used to increase the adhesion between various LCP and ITP layers, or between ITP layers or between LCP layers.
  • the number and placement of the various layers in the heat exchanger will vary depending on the particular polymers chosen, the fluids used in or by the heat exchanger, temperature requirements, environmental needs, etc.
  • Fluids 1 and 2 represent the fluids involved in the heat transfer: (a) Fluid 1/LCP/ITP/Fluid 2
  • tie layers may be present between all, some or none of the various polymer layers.
  • constructions may be particularly useful in certain situations. If Fluid 1 but not Fluid 2 chemically attacked the ITP, construction (a) may be particularly useful, but (c) and (f) may also be utilized. If both Fluids 1 and 2 attacked the ITP present construction (c) or (f) may be particularly useful. If one wanted to minimize diffusion of one fluid to another, a construction having two LCP layers, such as (c), (d) or (f) could be chosen. If a special surface is required to reduce abrasive damage on the Fluid 1 side, but great stiffness is also required from the ITP, a construction such as (e) could be chosen wherein ITP-1 and ITP-2 have the requisite properties. These and other combinations of layers having the correct properties for various applications will be obvious to the artisan.
  • Useful LCPs include those described in U.S. Patents 3,991,013, 3,991,014 4,011,199, 4,048,148, 4,075,262, 4,083,829, 4,118,372, 4,122,070, 4,130,545, 4,153,779, 4,159,365, 4,161,470, 4,169,933, 4,184,996, 4,189,549, 4,219,461, 4,232,143, 4,232,144, 4,245,082, 4,256,624, 4,269,965, 4,272,625, 4,370,466, 4,383,105, 4,447,592, 4,522,974, 4,617,369, 4,664,972, 4,684,712, 4,727,129, 4,727,131, 4,728,714, 4,749,769, 4,762,907, 4,778,927, 4,816,555, 4,849,499, 4,851,496, 4,851,497, 4,857,626, 4,864,013, 4,868,278, 4,882,410, 4,923,94
  • thermotropic LCPs include polyesters, poly(ester-amides), poly(ester-imides), and polyazomethines.
  • LCPs that are polyesters or poly(ester-amides). It is also preferred in these polyesters or poly(ester-amides) that at least about 50 percent, more preferably at least about 75 percent, of the bonds to ester or amide groups, i.e., the free bonds of -C(O)O- and -C(O)NRl- wherein Rl is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, be to carbon atoms which are part of aromatic rings.
  • Included within the definition herein of an LCP is a blend of 2 or more LCPs or a blend of an LCP with one or more ITPs wherein the LCP is the continuous phase.
  • Useful ITPs are those that have the requisite properties as described above, and include: polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate, poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene 2,6- napthalate), and a polyester from 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and a combination of isophthalic and terephthalic acids; styrenics such as polystyrene and copolymers of styrene with (meth)acrylic esters; acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene thermoplastics; (meth)acrylic polymers including homo- and copolymers of the parent acids, and/or their esters and/or amides; polyacetals such as polymethylene oxide; fully and partially fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluor
  • Polyamides are preferred ITPs and preferred amides are nylon-6,6, nylon-6, and a copolymer of terephthalic acid with 1 ,6-hexandiamine and 2-methyl-l,5-pentanediamine wherein 1 ,6-hexanediamine is about 30 to about 70 mole percent of the total diamine used to prepare the polymer.
  • Especially preferred polyamides are nylon-6,6, nylon-6 and a copolymer of terephthalic acid with 1 ,6-hexandiamine and 2-methyl- 1 ,5 -pentanediamine wherein 1 ,6-hexanediamine is about 50 mole percent of the total diamine used to prepare the polymer.
  • ITP Included within the definition of ITP herein are blends of 2 or more ITPs or blends of one or more ITPs with an LCP provided that the ITP(s) is the continuous phase.
  • One or more (if present) of the ITPs may be toughened. Toughening is known in the art, and may be accomplished by adding one or more of a rubber, functionalized rubber, resin which reacts with the ITP such as an epoxy resin, or other materials. Toughened polyamides are preferred.
  • the polymers may contain other materials conventionally found in polymers, such as fillers, reinforcing agents, antioxidants, antiozonants, dyes, pigments, etc.
  • An especially useful material is a filler with high heat conductivity, which may increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the composition of a tie layer will depend on which two polymers are on either side of it.
  • the tie layer may be an ITP functionalized or grafted to provide adhesion between the ITP and LCP layers, or may be a blend of one or more ITPs and one or more LCPs.
  • Typical thicknesses for ITP layers will range from about 0.025 to about 0.25 mm.
  • Typical thicknesses for LCP layers will be about 0.01 to about 0.1 mm.
  • Tie layers will usually be as thin as possible, consistent with their providing adhesion between polymer layers. This is usually about 0.01 to about 0.1 mm.
  • the total thickness of the structure is preferably less than about 0.7 mm, more preferably about 0.12 to about 0.5 mm, and especially preferably about 0.15 mm to about 0.4 mm.
  • the tubes can be of any diameter and wall thickness, consistent with the need to transfer heat. Typical wall thicknesses are 0.005-0.015 in. (0.13-0.38 mm). In general, a minimum inner diameter of 0.030-0.060" (0.76-1.5 mm) is necessary to avoid pluggage in use. The outer diameter is determined by the internal pressure needs of the tube, generally up to 0.150-0.250 in. (3.8-6.4 mm).
  • the weft can be a multifilament fiber or a monofilament, and could even be a stiff rod to hold the tubes in a more strongly defined sinusoidal shape.
  • Preferred weft material is 0.17 or 0.17 to 0.25 mm diameter polyester, such as DuPont's "Delrin” polyester monofilament, or more broadly 0.1 to 0.4 mm diameter polyester or nylon 66 monofilament or other forms of fiber, including fiberglass roving.
  • Contouring may include staggering the tubes in and out of the flat plane to present a greater surface area to the cooling medium flowing across the plate. This will happen naturally in a woven structure and can be introduced into other processes such as knitting.
  • Fig. 1 shows a tubeplate atl 1 with tubes 12, 13, 14 and 15 held together by weft threads 16, 17 and 18.
  • tubes as the warp, a woven structure is created with a thermoplastic thread as the weft. This latter material could be sacrificial if consolidation occurred via a thermal bonding process, or could provide the consolidation strength itself.
  • the direction of heat exchange fluid outside the tubes is shown at 19, perpendicular to both the tubes and the weft.
  • the weaving process can provide a shaped plate by forming a sine wave pattern by using a stiffer or more straight-through weft.
  • Fig. 2 illustrate tubes 21 , 22, 23 and 24 are constrained in a wave pattern by stiffer weft 25, 26 and 27, like a sine wave, but with the individual adjacent tubes out of phase with each other, as seen in comparing tubes 21 and 22 or tubes 23 with tube 24.
  • This allows the entire tube face to be opened up for more effective exposure to surrounding fluid and provides lots of open space for reduced pressure drop and turbulence.
  • individual plates could be nested into each other for compact spacing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des échangeurs thermiques constitués de plaques tubulaires (11) dont les tubes (12, 13, 14, 15) sont contraints à être fixés et liés de façon parallèle et selon une configuration essentiellement plate au moyen d'un matériau de type filament, fil, brin ou analogue appliqué sur les tubes (12, 13, 14, 15) par une opération de tissage. Les tubes (12, 13, 14, 15) sont maintenus ensemble par des fils de trame (16, 17, 18). En utilisant les tubes comme chaîne, on peut créer une structure tissée avec un fil thermoplastique comme trame. La direction du fluide d'échange thermique à l'extérieur des tubes (12, 13, 14, 15) fait l'objet de la figure 19, soit perpendiculairement aux tubes et à la trame.
PCT/CA2000/000236 1999-03-08 2000-03-07 Echangeur thermique constitue de plaques tubulaires tissees WO2000053992A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12323699P 1999-03-08 1999-03-08
US60/123,236 1999-03-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000053992A1 true WO2000053992A1 (fr) 2000-09-14

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PCT/CA2000/000236 WO2000053992A1 (fr) 1999-03-08 2000-03-07 Echangeur thermique constitue de plaques tubulaires tissees

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003025491A1 (fr) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-27 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fabrication d'un echangeur de chaleur par extrusion de polymeres et structures formees de cette maniere
US9683766B1 (en) 2013-07-12 2017-06-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method for electronic de-clogging of microcoolers
US9784505B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2017-10-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation System, apparatus, and method for micro-capillary heat exchanger
US9863670B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2018-01-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Extended travel flexure bearing and micro check valve

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415000A (en) 1919-09-05 1922-05-02 Cincinnati Ball Crank Co Ciling device for reach rods
DE2012883A1 (en) 1970-03-13 1971-09-30 Brauer, Heinz, Dr.-Ing. Prof.; Krüger, Roland, Dipl.-Ing.; 1000 Berlin Compact exchanger tube bundle in mat form
FR2400178A1 (fr) * 1977-08-12 1979-03-09 Martel Catala & Cie Ets Faisceau tubulaire comprenant une structure tissee et son procede de fabrication
EP0069262A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-12 Akzo GmbH Dispositif, dans lequel la chaleur est transmise à travers des fibres creuses
JPS58138996A (ja) * 1982-02-12 1983-08-18 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd 熱交換器
JPS61153388A (ja) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-12 Kawasaki Steel Corp 熱交換装置
DE8308095U1 (de) * 1983-03-19 1987-06-25 Bähr, Rolf, Dipl.-Ing., 4100 Duisburg Wärmetauscher
EP0442147A2 (fr) * 1990-02-16 1991-08-21 Akzo Nobel N.V. Ruban tissé à filaments creux
US5195240A (en) 1988-04-15 1993-03-23 Du Pont Canada Inc. Method for the manufacture of thermoplastic panel heat exchangers
US5469915A (en) 1992-05-29 1995-11-28 Anthony J. Cesaroni Panel heat exchanger formed from tubes and sheets
WO1997026032A1 (fr) * 1996-01-18 1997-07-24 Medtronic, Inc. Ecarteur a mailles pour echangeur thermique

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415000A (en) 1919-09-05 1922-05-02 Cincinnati Ball Crank Co Ciling device for reach rods
DE2012883A1 (en) 1970-03-13 1971-09-30 Brauer, Heinz, Dr.-Ing. Prof.; Krüger, Roland, Dipl.-Ing.; 1000 Berlin Compact exchanger tube bundle in mat form
FR2400178A1 (fr) * 1977-08-12 1979-03-09 Martel Catala & Cie Ets Faisceau tubulaire comprenant une structure tissee et son procede de fabrication
EP0069262A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-12 Akzo GmbH Dispositif, dans lequel la chaleur est transmise à travers des fibres creuses
JPS58138996A (ja) * 1982-02-12 1983-08-18 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd 熱交換器
DE8308095U1 (de) * 1983-03-19 1987-06-25 Bähr, Rolf, Dipl.-Ing., 4100 Duisburg Wärmetauscher
JPS61153388A (ja) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-12 Kawasaki Steel Corp 熱交換装置
US5195240A (en) 1988-04-15 1993-03-23 Du Pont Canada Inc. Method for the manufacture of thermoplastic panel heat exchangers
EP0442147A2 (fr) * 1990-02-16 1991-08-21 Akzo Nobel N.V. Ruban tissé à filaments creux
US5469915A (en) 1992-05-29 1995-11-28 Anthony J. Cesaroni Panel heat exchanger formed from tubes and sheets
WO1997026032A1 (fr) * 1996-01-18 1997-07-24 Medtronic, Inc. Ecarteur a mailles pour echangeur thermique

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 257 (M - 256) 16 November 1983 (1983-11-16) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 357 (M - 540) 2 December 1986 (1986-12-02) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003025491A1 (fr) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-27 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fabrication d'un echangeur de chaleur par extrusion de polymeres et structures formees de cette maniere
US6691774B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2004-02-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heat exchanger fabrication by polymer extrusion and structures formed thereby
US9863670B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2018-01-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Extended travel flexure bearing and micro check valve
US10254017B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2019-04-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Extended travel flexure bearing and micro check valve
US9784505B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2017-10-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation System, apparatus, and method for micro-capillary heat exchanger
US9683766B1 (en) 2013-07-12 2017-06-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method for electronic de-clogging of microcoolers

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