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WO2000062009A9 - Balles desintegrantes chemisees - Google Patents

Balles desintegrantes chemisees

Info

Publication number
WO2000062009A9
WO2000062009A9 PCT/US2000/008702 US0008702W WO0062009A9 WO 2000062009 A9 WO2000062009 A9 WO 2000062009A9 US 0008702 W US0008702 W US 0008702W WO 0062009 A9 WO0062009 A9 WO 0062009A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core member
bullet
frangible
jacket
frangible bullet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/008702
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000062009A1 (fr
Inventor
George B Davis
John R Bainer
Original Assignee
Delta Frangible Ammunition Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delta Frangible Ammunition Llc filed Critical Delta Frangible Ammunition Llc
Priority to AU54391/00A priority Critical patent/AU5439100A/en
Publication of WO2000062009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000062009A1/fr
Publication of WO2000062009A9 publication Critical patent/WO2000062009A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to frangible ammunition or bullets for use in training ranges as an alternative to live ammunition. More specifically, the invention relates to frangible bullets having a heavy metal loaded polymer core which is partially jacketed in a high-density high-strength material, such as copper.
  • Lead has been a preferred material mainly because of its high density, which is beneficial for range of firing and for weapon functioning. Furthermore, because of their high ductility, lead bullets may be easily manufactured in various shapes and sizes. While lead has many characteristics beneficial to bullet manufacture, it also has drawbacks. Lead is a toxic metal that presents a health risk to the shooter from lead fumes and dust, and endangers the environment through contamination of ground water supplies.
  • Lead rifle bullets present additional hazards to individuals engaged in weapons training and to the range infrastructure, such as over-penetration, ricochet and backsplatter.
  • Lead rifle bullets, particularly those used in the military, are designed to penetrate hard surfaces such as mild steel and concrete. While in a combat situation this penetration may be desirable, in training it causes costly damage to target systems and training structures.
  • Frangible bullets which typically contain no lead, were designed to address both the physical hazards and adverse performance characteristics of lead bullets.
  • the heavy metal loaded polymer construction of these bullets was designed to ensure consistent breakup of the bullet on impact with solid materials such as steel.
  • These early frangible rifle bullets demonstrated a significant reduction in ricochet with a total elimination of lead toxins.
  • Fig. 1 shows a prior art unjacketed, one piece, polymer frangible bullet.
  • the bullet has a cylindrical body formed with a tapered nose portion.
  • Prior art bullets of this type are commonly manufactured by injection molding.
  • a common composition of such prior art frangible bullets is a compounded mixture of type 11 nylon (known generally in the art as Nl 1 nylon), copper powder and tungsten powder.
  • a typical bullet manufactured of such a mixture in the shape depicted in Fig. 1 weighs 33 grains.
  • Reliable weapons functioning in most automatic and semiautomatic rifles is a result of adequate gas pressure, produced by the burning propellant in the cartridge, reaching the rifle's gas operating system. Higher gas pressure within the barrel frequently has a direct, positive effect on the reliability of weapon. Bullet weight is also relevant to reliability of weapons functioning.
  • the cartridge regardless of the bullet weight, produces approximately the same initial gas pressure within the barrel.
  • a heavier, slower moving bullet provides more time for the powder to burn, resulting in a higher pressure buildup within the barrel, and particularly at the gas port. Inversely, lighter bullets travel through the barrel at increased velocities, resulting in reduced pressure at the gas port.
  • One solution is to increase the ratio of metal powders to polymer until the desired bullet weight is obtained.
  • the physical dimensional constraints of the bullet limit the overall bullet weight using existing metal powders and polymer materials.
  • the physical dimensions of the rifle chamber fix the bullet's diameter and overall length. Therefore, all combinations of metal powders and polymer are constrained in overall volume by the requirement of dimensional compatibility with existing weaponry.
  • Other elements constraining the ratio of metal powders to polymer are the desired terminal characteristics of the bullet and the internal ballistic environment within the chamber of the weapon.
  • the desired terminal effect of a frangible bullet is frangibility. It is desired that the bullet disintegrate as completely as possible upon impact with solid objects. Total disintegration to dust is the ultimate design objective.
  • the degree of fragmentation is determined in part by bullet diameter and terminal velocity.
  • the fragmentation or disintegration of the bullet on impact is also a function of the ratio of metals to polymer.
  • the polymer dictates the strength of the bullet.
  • a higher relative content of polymer produces a stronger bullet. While this consideration would appear to further support the use of higher ratios of metals in frangible bullet design, the ratio is constrained by the internal ballistic environment that the bullet must survive within the weapon.
  • polymer bullets In addition to high chamber pressures and supersonic velocities, polymer bullets must also endure high chamber and barrel temperatures that result from automatic fire. These temperatures may exceed the melting temperature of the polymer used in the bullet's compound. Thus, if the bullet remains in the chamber too long before exiting, the polymer may soften, again resulting in a catastrophic bullet failure. This is especially the case in prior art unjacketed frangible bullet designs, in which the bullet material is exposed directly to the combustion gases which propel the bullet through the barrel.
  • a frangible bullet having a core member constructed of a mixture containing a thermoplastic polymer and a lead- free heavy metal, in combination with an outer jacket.
  • the core member has a back end, an opposite tip end, and a central portion therebetween, defining a core length between the back end and the tip end.
  • a core member having suitable strength and weight characteristics may be formed from a mixture of a type 6 nylon polymer, copper powder, and tungsten powder.
  • the outer jacket which may be constructed of copper or other suitable high density, high strength metal, plastic or other polymer, has an enclosed first end and an opposite open second end defining a jacket length between its two ends.
  • the outer jacket defines a jacket chamber for encapsulating the back end and a part of the central portion of the core member, thereby shielding the core member from the high chamber temperatures which have led to in-bore bullet failure in prior art frangible bullet embodiments.
  • the outer jacket also forms the circumferential perimeter of the bullet of the present invention, enabling more precise control of bullet caliber than is possible in prior art designs.
  • the outer jacket is configured such that the nose or tip of the frangible core member is exposed.
  • the unjacketed tip end of the core member impacts the target first. Deceleration shock on impact causes disintegration of the bullet core member, and rearward radiation of that shock ensures fragmentation of the outer jacket.
  • Addition of the outer jacket to the frangible core member increases the bullet's dynamic strength such that less costly, lower shear strength polymer materials may be utilized in manufacture of the core member.
  • use of a lower shear strength polymer also ensures more complete disintegration of the core member upon bullet impact. Incorporation of the outer jacket into the bullet design also results in an increased bullet weight, which yields greater reliability and accuracy than may be obtained with prior art unjacketed frangible ammunition.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a prior art unjacketed frangible bullet.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a frangible munitions cartridge according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the core member of the jacketed frangible bullet according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the jacketed frangible bullet according to the present invention.
  • the invention is a jacketed frangible bullet 20 having two main components, an elongated frangible core member 30 and an outer jacket 40.
  • the embodiment pictured in Figs. 2 and 4 represents a 5.56 mm jacketed frangible bullet 20 designed for rifle use, but it should be understood that the scope of this invention extends to all calibers of bullets for use in any pistol or manual, semi-automatic or fully-automatic rifle or machine gun, or any other weapon system in which use of a frangible bullet 20 is advantageous.
  • the core member 30 has a back end 32, an opposite tip end 34 and a central portion 36 therebetween.
  • the length of the core member 30, or the core length LI is defined by the distance between the back end 32 and the tip end 34. In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, corresponding to a 5.56 mm rifle bullet, the core length LI is approximately 0.8 inch.
  • the core member 30 is fabricated from materials including a thermoplastic polymer and at least one metal.
  • materials including a thermoplastic polymer and at least one metal include a thermoplastic polymer and at least one metal.
  • type 11 and type 6 nylon materials commonly known in the art as Nl 1 and N6 nylons, respectively
  • Nl 1 and N6 nylons have been successfully utilized in fabricating frangible munitions. It has been discovered that N6 nylon is preferable to Nl 1 nylon because of its lower cost and higher specific gravity and because of its greater frangibihty. Nl 1 nylon, however, exhibits greater shear strength and bonding characteristics over N6 nylon, such that use of Nl 1 nylon permits the use of an increased ratio of metal powder to thermoplastic polymer in the core member 30 composition.
  • thermoplastic polymer materials in addition to those discussed above may also be utilized, including other polyamids (including other nylon formulations), polyesters and polyurethanes.
  • the thermoplastic polymer component may be fabricated partially or exclusively of polyvinyl chloride, fluorocarbons, linear polyethylene, polyurethane prepolymer, polystyrene, polypropylene and cellulosic and acrylic resins. It is critical, however, that the selected thermoplastic polymer utilized to form the core member 30 be highly frangible in order not to increase the terminal penetration effects of the bullet 20.
  • a metal component is provided in combination with the above-described thermoplastic polymer to form the core member 30.
  • the metal component of the core member 30 includes at least one metal, and may include a combination of two or more metals as needed to achieve the desired bullet weight for the selected weapon system.
  • Metal components are selected, in part, based upon their density and their suitability for combination with the selected thermoplastic polymer to form a completed core member 30. Because of their relatively high specific gravity, heavy metal elements have been utilized to form the metal component of the core member 30.
  • the metal component is commonly utilized in powder form, because of the relative ease with which powdered metals may be mixed and combined with the thermoplastic polymer material. Alternatively, metals in particulate or other forms may be utilized if they are capable of combination with the thermoplastic polymer.
  • copper powder and tungsten powder are have been utilized to form the metal component of the core member 30.
  • a core member 30 including N6 nylon, copper powder and tungsten powder is utilized, in relative concentrations that result in an overall core member 30 specific gravity of 6.0.
  • This material is commercially available from Saracen Chemicals, Ltd., a United Kingdom company with offices at Vulcan House, Restmer Way, Ralphbridge, Surrey, SM6 7AH, England. This material has been found to exhibit superior frangibihty over a similar material containing Ni l nylon, copper powder and tungsten powder having a specific gravity of 5.4.
  • the addition of the outer jacket 40 which significantly increases the structural and thermal durability of the bullet 20, enables use of the N6 nylon core member 30, resulting in reduced cost and superior performance over the prior art.
  • metals may be utilized in the core member 30 without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Selected or combined heavy metals including transition metals, lanthanides and actinides provide suitable mass to the core member 30 to meet performance criteria of frangible ammunition. Because of price, availability and manufacturing concerns, four common metals have been primarily utilized in the art: zinc, tin, copper and tungsten. Any metal selected from this group may be utilized to produce frangible ammunition according to the invention.
  • the core member 30 may be manufactured according to methods known in the art, including injection molding.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a reduced diameter, 30-grain frangible bullet core member 30 according to the present invention, compounded of a mixture of N6 nylon, copper powder and tungsten powder.
  • the core diameter is reduced relative to unjacketed bullet core members to allow for application of the outer jacket 40 illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 and as described in detail below.
  • Figs. 2 and 4 illustrate the placement of the outer jacket 40 on the frangible core member 30. Encapsulating the core member 30 in the outer jacket 40 isolates the core member 30 from direct contact with the heated chamber of the weapon, significantly reducing the potential for softening of the material and in-bore catastrophic failure of the bullet 20.
  • the outer jacket 40 has a closed first end 42 and an opposite opened second end 44.
  • the jacket length L2 is the distance between the first end 42 and the second end 44 of the outer jacket 40.
  • the hollow interior of the outer jacket 40 is referred to herein as the jacket chamber.
  • the outer jacket 40 encloses a portion of the frangible core member 30, including the back end 32 and a portion of the central portion 36 of the core member 30, leaving at least the tip end 34 fully exposed. Installation of the outer jacket 40 over the back end 32 of the core member 30 with the tip end 34 exposed ensures that the frangible material will impact the target first.
  • the deceleration shock generated by impact radiates rearward, ensuring the effective disintegration of the entire core member 30.
  • Outer jackets 40 fabricated from copper have been utilized and found acceptable for use in the present invention because of the ductility, weight and deformability of copper.
  • Other materials may be utilized to form the outer jacket 40 without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • outer jackets 40 may be fabricated from other metals, including mild steel, guilding metal, guilding clad steel or coated tin.
  • synthetic thermoplastic polymer materials may be utilized to form the outer jacket 40, provided that the selected polymer exhibits sufficient rigidity under barrel operating temperatures, without departing from the invention.
  • the back end 32 of the core member 30 When assembled, the back end 32 of the core member 30 is inserted into the jacket chamber until the back end 32 is seated adjacent the first end 42 of the outer jacket 40. Using a dial press, a hand press or other methods known in the art, the second end 44 of the outer jacket 40 is crimped or necked-down to fixedly secure the core member 30 within the outer jacket 40. Adding this outer jacket 40 to the 30-grain core member 30 produces an overall bullet weight of 45 grains. This jacketing procedure increases the 5.56 mm bullet weight by 36 percent.
  • the dimensions of the core member 30 and the outer jacket 40 are controlled such that the core length LI is greater than the jacket length L2. Consequently, the tip end 34, or ogive, of the core member 30 is unjacketed and exposed to impact with targets. As discussed above, this condition has been found to promote full frangibihty without significantly compromising performance of the munitions. Conversely, testing conducted with fully copper-jacketed frangible bullets has resulted in over penetration and significantly limited disintegration of the bullet. Additionally, a lubricant may be applied to the exterior surface of the outer jacket 40 to improve weapon performance.
  • Suitable lubricants include coatings such as Teflon, a variety of oil-based lubricants such as Militec, and a variety of powder-based lubricants such as graphite, which are known generally in the art. It should be noted that the use of some lubricants such as Teflon is restricted by various legislation currently in place.
  • An operational frangible munitions cartridge 50 is produced by loading the frangible bullet 20 described above into a cartridge case 52.
  • the cartridge case 52 has a base end 54 and an opposite opened mouth end 56.
  • the cartridge case 52 is generally hollow, defining a chamber therein which is loaded with powder and air to provide a charge.
  • the jacketed frangible bullet 20 is mounted within the opening defined by the mouth end 56 of the cartridge case 52 as is generally known in the art.
  • the jacketed frangible bullet 20 protrudes from the mouth end 56 of the cartridge case 52, such that the first end 42 and a portion of the outer jacket 40 are contained within the cartridge case 52.
  • a primer (not shown) is provided in the base end 54 of the cartridge case 52 that detonates the charge when the weapon is fired.
  • the sudden and substantial pressure created by the combustion of the charge within the confined chamber within the cartridge case 52 impart the forces necessary to eject the frangible bullet 20 from the cartridge case 52 and accelerate the bullet 20 to its firing speed.
  • the diameter of the bullet 20 illustrated in Fig. 4 is full caliber, meaning that the outside dimension of the bullet 20 conforms to the minimum and maximum outside dimensions established for this caliber bullet 20 by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute (SAAMI) specification.
  • SAAMI Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute
  • testing of the heavier, copper jacketed 45-grain 5.56 mm bullet according to one embodiment of the present invention demonstrated not only improvement, but pressures and accuracy equal to or surpassing that achieved by conventional military combat ball ammunition.
  • the new 45-grain bullet produced chamber pressures and gas port pressures of 50,300 and 14,915 pounds per square inch respectively, while the military's issued ammunition provided pressures of 47,000 and 15,139 pounds per square inch.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une balle désintégrante (20) utilisée dans des séances de tir d'entraînement comme alternative à une munition réelle, ladite balle se désintégrant au moment de l'impact contre une cible. Cette balle désintégrante (20) comprend un élément central désintégrant (30) de forme allongée, constitué d'un polymère thermoplastique et d'au moins un métal, cet élément central étant pourvu d'une extrémité arrière, d'une extrémité opposée pointue et d'une partie centrale entre ces deux extrémités ; il comporte également une longueur centrale entre l'extrémité arrière et la pointe. L'élément central est chemisé dans une chemise extérieure (40) comprenant une première extrémité fermée, une seconde extrémité ouverte et une longueur de chemise entre la première et la seconde extrémité, et définissant un compartiment de chemise destiné à recevoir de manière complémentaire ledit élément central. L'élément central vient se loger dans la chemise extérieure de manière à ce que la pointe dudit élément central désintégrant soit découverte et percute la cible en premier, d'où une fragmentation de l'élément central et de la chemise extérieure.
PCT/US2000/008702 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Balles desintegrantes chemisees WO2000062009A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU54391/00A AU5439100A (en) 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Jacketed frangible bullets

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12765799P 1999-04-02 1999-04-02
US60/127,657 1999-04-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000062009A1 WO2000062009A1 (fr) 2000-10-19
WO2000062009A9 true WO2000062009A9 (fr) 2001-11-22

Family

ID=22431222

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/008702 WO2000062009A1 (fr) 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Balles desintegrantes chemisees

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5439100A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000062009A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8122833B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2012-02-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
USRE45899E1 (en) 2000-02-23 2016-02-23 Orbital Atk, Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials
FR2867469A1 (fr) 2004-03-15 2005-09-16 Alliant Techsystems Inc Compositions reactives contenant un metal, et leur procede de production
US11118851B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2021-09-14 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Reduced energy MSR system
WO2017172640A2 (fr) 2016-03-25 2017-10-05 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Système msr à énergie réduite

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995090A (en) * 1954-07-02 1961-08-08 Remington Arms Co Inc Gallery bullet
US3123003A (en) * 1962-01-03 1964-03-03 lange
BE635717A (fr) * 1962-08-06
LU46859A1 (fr) * 1963-09-07 1964-10-29
US5062974A (en) * 1989-06-23 1991-11-05 Lighthouse Manufacturing Co., Inc. Munitions lubricant and protector
US5237930A (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-08-24 Snc Industrial Technologies, Inc. Frangible practice ammunition
DE9209598U1 (de) * 1992-07-17 1992-11-12 Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH, 5408 Nassau Patrone für Übungszwecke
US5349907A (en) * 1993-03-23 1994-09-27 Petrovich Robert M High velocity projectile
US5399187A (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-03-21 Olin Corporation Lead-free bullett
US5616642A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-04-01 West; Harley L. Lead-free frangible ammunition
AUPN554295A0 (en) * 1995-09-20 1996-02-01 Australian Defence Industries Limited Frangible ammunition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000062009A1 (fr) 2000-10-19
AU5439100A (en) 2000-11-14

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