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WO2001053995A1 - Service d'archivage sur internet pour documents electroniques - Google Patents

Service d'archivage sur internet pour documents electroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001053995A1
WO2001053995A1 PCT/US2001/002023 US0102023W WO0153995A1 WO 2001053995 A1 WO2001053995 A1 WO 2001053995A1 US 0102023 W US0102023 W US 0102023W WO 0153995 A1 WO0153995 A1 WO 0153995A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
computer
electronic document
program code
code means
readable program
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/002023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William E. Bankert
David Lee Smith
Original Assignee
Zantaz.Com
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zantaz.Com filed Critical Zantaz.Com
Priority to AU2001234506A priority Critical patent/AU2001234506A1/en
Priority to EP01906618A priority patent/EP1248996A4/fr
Publication of WO2001053995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001053995A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/907—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/93—Document management systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
    • G06F16/283—Multi-dimensional databases or data warehouses, e.g. MOLAP or ROLAP

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods for storage and retrieval of data, and more specifically to an Internet-based service for archiving electronic documents.
  • Electronic commerce is fast becoming the method of choice for doing business. This trend demands a way to document electronic business transactions.
  • IRS Revenue Commission
  • SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
  • SEC Rule 17a-4 allow broker-dealers to use electronic storage media systems to store records they are required to retain.
  • SEC has imposed requirements to facilitate auditing of these electronic records.
  • the principal record keeping requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Rules 17a-3 and 17a-4 require broker-dealers to preserve various records for a total of not less than six years (or not less than three years for some of the records), the first two years in an "easily accessible place.”
  • Rule 17a-4 allows businesses to use digital storage media services provided by independent third-party providers to help them comply with the rules, as long as the storage systems and the use of the systems by the broker-dealers meet certain requirements.
  • the SEC regulations specify that the data must be stored in a non- tamperable form, such as write-once, read-many (WORM) disk.
  • WORM write-once, read-many
  • the records must be made available promptly through a third party in case the regulated entity is unable or unwilling to produce the records.
  • the present invention is a method and computer program product for storage, archiving, and retrieving electronic documents over the Internet.
  • the method includes the steps of receiving an electronic document; storing the electronic document, associating the electronic document with a routing rule that specifies a meta variable and a bias variable, each defining a separate axes in a multi- dimensional data space; parsing the electronic document to obtain metadata corresponding to the meta variable and bias data corresponding to the bias variable; and associating the electronic document with a cell in the data space, the cell selected according to the metadata and the bias data.
  • the bias data includes temporal data indicating the time of receipt of the electronic document.
  • the method includes storing the electronic document on a storage device associated with the metadata. For example, if the metadata relates to a geographic area, then the electronic document is stored on the storage device located within that geographic area. In one aspect, the routing rule specifies a particular repository, and the electronic document is associated with a cell associated with that repository.
  • the routing rule is selected according to the identity of an entity associated with the electronic document.
  • the routing rule may be selected according to the sender or recipient of the electronic document.
  • the method includes the steps of receiving a query for an electronic document stored in a multi-dimensional data space having a metadata axis and a bias data axis, the query specifying a repository, a bias range and search criteria; selecting cells in the data space according to the repository and bias range; and searching for electronic documents associated with the selected cells using the search criteria.
  • the selecting step includes selecting one or more bias data axis bins based on the bias range; and selecting one or more metadata axis bins based on the repository.
  • the bias range specifies a time of arrival for the electronic document.
  • the method includes identifying one or more electronic documents as search results; and informing a sender of the query of the search results. In one aspect, the method includes receiving a selection identifying at least one of the search results as a target; and sending the electronic documents associated with the target to the sender of the selection.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a multi-dimensional storage space according to one implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a customer and an archive according to an implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting the electronic document storage operation according to an implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting an electronic document retrieval operation according to one implementation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a context diagram depicting two archives.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram depicting an implementation of an archive according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is a method and computer program product for storing, archiving, and retrieving electronic documents over the Internet.
  • implementations of the present invention employ a subdivided database, referred to as a multi-dimensional storage space.
  • a multi-dimensional storage space 100 is depicted in FIG. 1.
  • Storage space 100 is divided according to implementations of the present invention by two axes.
  • One axis is referred to as "metadata" axis 402, and the other axis is referred to as "bias data” axis 104.
  • Axes 102 and 104 define two dimensions of multi-dimensional storage space 100. Storage spaces including further dimensions and axes are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Each axis divides its associated dimension of the storage space into a plurality of "bins.”
  • metadata axis 102 divides space 100 into a plurality of metadata bins 106.
  • metadata describes particular repositories.
  • a repository is a "slice" of the data space that can be assigned to a particular customer.
  • each metadata bin refers to a particular repository.
  • bias data axis 104 divides the bias data dimension of storage space 100 into a plurality of bias data bins 108. In the example of FIG. 1, each bias data bin corresponds to a month of the year.
  • storage space 100 refers to a physical storage space, and electronic documents are actually stored within the physical cells within that storage space.
  • storage space 100 refers to a logical storage space, or "storage map.” While each electronic document is stored on a physical device, a pointer to that storage location is associated with the storage map cell or cells that were associated with that electronic document by the operation of the routing rule. In this manner, each electronic document is stored only once, but may be associated with two or more cells.
  • An advantage of this subdivided approach lies in the speed of retrieval of documents from the archive.
  • the user specifies one or more cells in the storage space to be searched.
  • the electronic documents associated with the selected cells need to be searched. This method increases the speed and efficiency of the retrieval.
  • each electronic document is assigned, on receipt of the archive, to one or more cells within the storage space.
  • This association between electronic documents and cells is implemented according to one or more routing rules.
  • a routing rule creates the association based on user-specified criteria. In one implementation, the user is permitted to edit the routing rule directly.
  • An Internet-based interface is provided to permit the definition of routing rules by users.
  • Each routing rule specifies at least one meta variable and at least one bias variable. For each variable, the routing rule specifies at least one value, and the action to be taken when an electronic document is received containing that value for that variable. For example, a routing rule for a particular customer may specify that each electronic document it archives is to be associated with both the month in which it is sent, and the month in which it is archived.
  • the routing rule for the customer may specify that each electronic document archived is to be associated with the repository corresponding to that customer. For example, a customer may specify repository A. Then when the document is archived, it is associated with the cells in the repository A metadata bin corresponding to January and March.
  • a customer When a customer wishes to retrieve an archived document, the customer can specify one or more cells within the data space. For example, a customer may wish to retrieve the document archived in the above example. Therefore, the customer specifies the cell in repository A associated with the month of January. The customer then specifies certain search criteria. The archive then searches the specified cell using the user-specified search criteria to obtain search results. The search results are displayed to the user as an HTML document. The user can select a particular search result as a target. The archive then sends a copy of the target electronic document to the user. Routing rules are also useful in retrieving documents. For example, a routing rule can be written after certain electronic documents are stored to create a new repository containing a particular subset of those documents.
  • an SEC audit may require all of the emails that were sent to Joe Smith by the customer of repository A during February.
  • a new routing rule can be generated very easily that will quickly populate a repository (for example, repository B) with only these emails.
  • the routing rule specifies that all of the electronic documents associated with repository A for the month of January (bias data bin January) be searched for emails sent to Joe Smith.
  • the routing rule searches the cell associated with the January bias data bin and the repository A metadata bin for emails sent to Joe Smith by the customer.
  • the resulting search results are then associated with repository B.
  • a key benefit of this method of retrieval is that an audited company need only produce those documents that match the scope of the audit, rather than producing all of the documents that might match the scope of the audit (for example, producing all emails sent during the month of January).
  • Implementations of the present invention also take advantage of the fact that not all data is equally likely to be accessed. In particular, the longer an electronic document has been stored, the less likely it is to be retrieved. Therefore, in one implementation, data is moved to successively less expensive storage media as it ages. Such media reduced the costs of storage, but increased the costs of retrieval. However, because the odds of retrieval are low, savings are achieved.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a customer 104 and an archive 102 according to an implementation of the present invention.
  • the customer exchanges electronic documents with third parties using customer SMTP server 226.
  • Electronic documents to be archived are sent to archive 102 by customer SMTP server 226 and received by archive SMTP server 206.
  • Customer 104 uses a customer web browser 222 to retrieve archived documents. Interaction with browser 222 is handled by HTTP server 212 at the archive.
  • the electronic documents are physically stored by archiver 208. The storage and retrieval of these electronic documents is managed by object database 210.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting the electronic document storage operation according to an implementation of the present invention.
  • the process begins with a message setup exchange 302 between customer SMTP server 226 and archive SMTP server 206.
  • message setup exchanges are well-known in the relevant arts.
  • the electronic document to be archived is transferred from the customer SMTP server to the archive SMTP server as an email 304.
  • the archive SMTP server sends the electronic document to archiver 208 for storage as a bitfile at 306.
  • the bitfile is immediately written to a WORM disk to ensure non-tamperability.
  • the archive server also parses the electronic document to extract metadata and bias data values for the electronic document.
  • the metadata can be extracted from the header of the email. If the document is sent by electronic data interchange (EDI), the metadata can be extracted from specific fields within the EDI form. These values are sent to the object database 210 at 308.
  • the object database applies routing rules to the metadata and bias data to place pointers to the electronic document in particular cells within the storage space.
  • the metadata can be used with the account database to identify a repository associated with the customer associated with the electronic document, as described below.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting an electronic document retrieval operation according to one implementation of the present invention.
  • customer web browser 222 is pointed to the home page of HTTP server 212
  • a login screen is sent to the customer browser at 402.
  • the customer browser provides a username and password to access the archive at 404.
  • Account database 214 conducts a user authentication process 406 to verify the identity of the customer.
  • the archive HTTP server contacts object database 210 to obtain a list of the repositories to which the customer has access at 408. The list is returned to the archive server at 410.
  • the archive HTTP server composes a search screen containing the list of authorized repositories, and sends the search screen to the customer browser at 412.
  • the customer uses the screen to compose a search request by selecting particular repositories and entering search criteria and optionally bias data.
  • the search request is sent to the archive at 414.
  • the archive HTTP server formulates a query based on the search request, and transmits this query to the object database at 416.
  • the object database confirms that the customer is authorized to access the repositories specified in the query at 418.
  • the object database executes the query to generate a set of query results, which are sent to the archive HTTP server at 420.
  • the archive HTTP server composes a search results screen, which is transmitted to the customer at 422.
  • the search screen includes one or more results that match the customer's search request.
  • the customer selects one or more of these search results as "targets.” These targets are sent to the archive HTTP server as a message request at 424.
  • the archive HTTP server composes a message retrieval request based on the message request, and forwards the message retrieval request to the object database at 426.
  • the object database again verifies repository access for the customer at 428. If access is authorized, the object database sends a bitfile ID for each target electronic document to archiver 208 at 430.
  • archiver 208 will accept a bitfile ID request only from object database 210. Because object database 210 verifies customer authorization before sending the bitfile ID to the archiver, security of the electronic documents is preserved. In response, the archiver returns a bitfile handle to the object database at 432.
  • the object database passes the bitfile handle to the archive HTTP server, which formulates a bitfile request.
  • the bitfile request is sent to the archiver at 436.
  • the archiver sends the bitfile for the target electronic document to the archive HTTP server at 438.
  • the archive HTTP server uses the bitfile to generate a formatted message, which is sent to the customer web browser at 440.
  • the formatted message presents the requested target electronic document to the user on the customer's web browser.
  • the electronic document includes an HTML representation of the document on the screen.
  • This representation can include hidden routing data, as specified by RFC821.
  • the customer can obtain the original email used to archive the electronic document by emailing it to himself, downloading it to an application such as Notepad, or forwarding it to someone else. This is especially useful for delivering stop trade confirms to customers of on-line brokerages; in this application the timestamp of a confirm is crucial.
  • multiple interconnected archives are provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a context diagram depicting two archives 502 A and 502B. The archives are connected by a private asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) backbone 512. Data is replicated between the two archives so that if one archive fails, the other can serve the customers.
  • ATM asynchronous transfer mode
  • firewalls 506 For enhanced security, access to each archive is protected by firewalls 506.
  • customer 504A connects to the archives via Internet 502. This connection is secured by firewalls 506A and 506B.
  • Customer 504B accesses archive 502B using a virtual private network (VPN) 510. This connection is protected by firewall 506B.
  • Customer 504C accesses archive 502 A directly by a private connection. This connection is protected by firewall 506C.
  • Customer 504D accesses the archives using a private frame relay network 508. This connection is protected by firewalls 506D and 506E.
  • VPN virtual private network
  • Implementations of the present invention provide other security features. Each customer is allowed to select a level of security based upon its own needs. For example, these security mechanisms can include a logon/password using secure sockets layer (SSL), validating certificates, using soft or hard tokens, encryption, and the like.
  • SSL secure sockets layer
  • the firewalls prevent hackers from exploiting holes in the operating system.
  • the authentication mechanisms described above prevent attacks at the application level, such as masquerade attacks.
  • separate front end servers are used.
  • the system back-end is insulated from the front-end by using separate servers.
  • data stored on WORM disks can be stored in an encrypted manner.
  • Non-tamperability of archive data can be demonstrated by various methods.
  • the electronic documents can be stored on WORM disks, as required by the SEC. However, these disks could be maliciously substituted.
  • electronic documents are signed electronically as they enter the archive. Thus, non-tamperability can be shown by demonstrating that the digital signature is still intact.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram depicting an implementation of an archive 600 according to the present invention.
  • Archive 600 includes a portal module 602, a migratory module 604, an archiver module 608, a billing server 610, and customer modules 606A and 606B.
  • the separation of portal module 602 and migratory module 604 permits greater scalability and also provides an additional ring for a "defense-in- depth" architecture for improved security.
  • portal modules are permitted to communicate only with migratory modules. This provides an additional ring in the security architecture.
  • Portal module 602 includes an SMTP front-end (FE) 612, an SMTP back-end (BE) 614, and an HTTP server 618.
  • the SMTP front-end handles incoming email, and the SMPT back-end handles outgoing email.
  • the HTTP server handles HTTP communications, as described above.
  • the present invention provides two methods for obtaining electronic documents via email for archiving. According to the first method described above, the customer merely sends a copy of each email to the archive. According to a second method, however, the customer uses the archive 600 as a store-and-forward site for all of the customer's email to be archived. Email that is inbound to the customer is rerouted to the archive SMTP front-end using the MX record according to well-known techniques.
  • the migratory module includes a buffer archiver 620, a queue manager
  • queue manager permits scalability of the SMTP front-ends and back-ends. For example, queue manager permits multiple portal modules to be used, or alternatively, permits multiple SMTP front-ends and back-ends to be used within each portal module.
  • Domain database 626 contains a listing of customers and their associated domains.
  • Object router 650 determines, using the domain database, which customer owns each incoming message. Based on this information, the object router causes the document to be transferred from buffer archiver 620 to the appropriate cache archiver 630 and the appropriate customer module 606. The document is eventually copied onto optical storage media and is also replicated to other archives within the system.
  • the log server stores events such as security events and errors.
  • the domain database uses the login information to direct the user to the appropriate account database.
  • the web server authenticates with the account database and so determines which repositories the user is authorized to access.
  • the account database performs user authentication and maintains an access control list for each repository.
  • the object database receives document descriptors, such as JavaBeans, XML DTD's (Document Type Descriptions), and the like, which create and populate repositories.
  • the object database maps user queries to SQL queries to search the archiver.
  • customer module 606A includes a cache archiver 630A, an object database 632A, and account database 634 A, a log server 636A, and a billing logger 638 A.
  • customer module 606B contains a cache archiver 630B, an object database 632B, and account database 634B, a log server 636B, and a billing logger 638B.
  • the account database 634A performs functions similar to those of account database 624.
  • Log server 636 A performs functions similar to those performed by log server 628.
  • Billing logger 638A collects billing events, which are fed to billing server 610.
  • Billing server 610 includes a log server 640 for logging events, and a master billing unit 642 for preparing customer bills.
  • Archiver 608 performs functions similar to those of archiver 208, as described above.
  • the above implementation is described in terms of archiving email messages.
  • the present invention is easily extended to implementations that accommodate other types of electronic documents, as would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant arts.
  • the present invention contemplates implementations for archiving electronic documents transmitted according to protocols including HTML, EDI, FTP, XML, and the like.
  • the invention can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them.
  • Apparatus of the invention can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor; and method steps of the invention can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the invention by operating on input data and generating output.
  • the invention can be implemented advantageously in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
  • Each computer program can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and in any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language.
  • Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors.
  • a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and/or a random access memory.
  • a computer will include one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks.
  • Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM disks. Any of the foregoing can be supplemented by, or incorporated in,
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • the invention can be implemented on a computer system having a display device such as a monitor or LCD screen for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to the computer system.
  • the computer system can be programmed to provide a graphical user interface through which computer programs interact with users.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Library & Information Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un programme informatique destiné au stockage, à l'archivage et à la localisation de documents électroniques via l'Internet. Selon un mode de réalisation de cette invention, ce procédé consiste à recevoir un document électronique, à le stocker, à l'associer à une règle de cheminement qui spécifie une métavariable définissant un axe de métadonnées (102) et une variable d'erreur définissant un axe d'erreur (104) dans un espace de données multidimensionnel, à faire l'analyse syntaxique de ce document électronique de façon à obtenir des métadonnées correspondant à la métavariable et des données d'erreur correspondant à la variable d'erreur, et à associer ce document électronique à une cellule de l'espace de données, la cellule étant sélectionnées en fonction des métadonnées et des données d'erreur.
PCT/US2001/002023 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Service d'archivage sur internet pour documents electroniques WO2001053995A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001234506A AU2001234506A1 (en) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Internet-based archive service for electronic documents
EP01906618A EP1248996A4 (fr) 2000-01-18 2001-01-18 Service d'archivage sur internet pour documents electroniques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48408500A 2000-01-18 2000-01-18
US09/484,085 2000-01-18

Publications (1)

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WO2001053995A1 true WO2001053995A1 (fr) 2001-07-26

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EP (1) EP1248996A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001234506A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001053995A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

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EP1485825A4 (fr) * 2002-02-04 2008-03-19 Cataphora Inc Technique d'exploration en profondeur de donnees sociologiques et appareil correspondant
US7386439B1 (en) 2002-02-04 2008-06-10 Cataphora, Inc. Data mining by retrieving causally-related documents not individually satisfying search criteria used
US7421660B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2008-09-02 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus to visually present discussions for data mining purposes
US7519589B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2009-04-14 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus for sociological data analysis
US7805673B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2010-09-28 Der Quaeler Loki Method and apparatus to provide a unified redaction system
US8135711B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2012-03-13 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus for sociological data analysis
US8819021B1 (en) 2007-01-26 2014-08-26 Ernst & Young U.S. Llp Efficient and phased method of processing large collections of electronic data known as “best match first”™ for electronic discovery and other related applications

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1485825A4 (fr) * 2002-02-04 2008-03-19 Cataphora Inc Technique d'exploration en profondeur de donnees sociologiques et appareil correspondant
US7386439B1 (en) 2002-02-04 2008-06-10 Cataphora, Inc. Data mining by retrieving causally-related documents not individually satisfying search criteria used
US8135711B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2012-03-13 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus for sociological data analysis
US7421660B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2008-09-02 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus to visually present discussions for data mining purposes
US7519589B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2009-04-14 Cataphora, Inc. Method and apparatus for sociological data analysis
US7805673B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2010-09-28 Der Quaeler Loki Method and apparatus to provide a unified redaction system
US8819021B1 (en) 2007-01-26 2014-08-26 Ernst & Young U.S. Llp Efficient and phased method of processing large collections of electronic data known as “best match first”™ for electronic discovery and other related applications

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AU2001234506A1 (en) 2001-07-31
EP1248996A4 (fr) 2003-03-12
EP1248996A1 (fr) 2002-10-16

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