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WO2001067847A1 - Procede pour augmenter le rendement de biomasse cerealiere par surface - Google Patents

Procede pour augmenter le rendement de biomasse cerealiere par surface Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001067847A1
WO2001067847A1 PCT/EP2000/002134 EP0002134W WO0167847A1 WO 2001067847 A1 WO2001067847 A1 WO 2001067847A1 EP 0002134 W EP0002134 W EP 0002134W WO 0167847 A1 WO0167847 A1 WO 0167847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hybrid
axb
cxd
hybrids
male
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Application number
PCT/EP2000/002134
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Stamp
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Syngenta Participations Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/EP2000/002134 priority Critical patent/WO2001067847A1/fr
Priority to AU39616/00A priority patent/AU3961600A/en
Publication of WO2001067847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001067847A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of increasing the yield of grain biomass per area obtained from a cross between hybrids of plants cultivated for their endosperm bearing grains.
  • the new method results in a product having a grain biomass per area above the level of conventional high-yielding hybrids.
  • the invention also relates to a mixture of seeds of plants cultivated for their endosperm bearing grains giving rise to such increased grain biomass per area yield.
  • hybrids Most commercial plants are produced from hybrid seed.
  • the production of hybrids require development of elite hybrid lines that have such attributes as good stalk strength, disease resistance, grain storage qualities, and drought tolerance.
  • the development of hybrid lines for particular traits is time and labor extensive. One must select desirable plants in populations and self such plants through several generations in open-pollinated populations to produce homozygous inbred lines.
  • Once the desired homozygous inbred lines are produced typically two inbred lines are selected and crossed to generate hybrids.
  • the two inbred lines are little related (have different origin) and have good combining ability to give greater hybrid vigor to the resulting FI single cross hybrid. Seed from FI single cross hybrids is commercially grown on farmers' fields.
  • F2 seeds are harvested from FI plants.
  • Intermating sister plants in a field has the same effect as selling.
  • the seed of FI plants has, genetically, the status of F2 plants and represents a first inbreeding generation.
  • a FI hybrid can be further crossed with an inbred line to produce a three-way cross.
  • a cross between a FI single cross hybrid and another FI single cross hybrid is called a double cross.
  • Fertile plants invest a considerable amount of water, energy, and nitrogen in the formation of fertile pollen. In fields where only one hybrid is planted, flowering synchronisation between male and female organs is not a problem under normal conditions. Therefore, the number of pollen grains is typically far beyond what is needed to assure a complete fertilization. It is known in the art that male sterility, which does not harm the plant, usually induces a yield increase even in high grain biomass yielding hybrids, (See Examples I and HI below).
  • Plants can be rendered male sterile by mechanical, chemical or genetic processes. Mechanical elimination of the pollen-bearing anthers is very time-consuming. Maize is the only species that allows the production of large amounts of hybrid seeds by such a mechanical method.
  • cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is based on an interaction between mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes which leads to dysfunctional pollen. Certain nuclear genes can overcome this effect. They are called “restorer” because in crosses with cms-plants the male fertility of the offspring is restored. Such a system was commonly used for maize several decades ago because it offers a way to cheap seeds. Similar systems have been established for cereals like sorghum and rye.
  • nuclear male sterility (nms) which is based on nuclear genes coding for male sterility.
  • Nuclear male sterile plants can be obtained in a manner known per se employing conventional plant transformation techniques.
  • Nuclear male sterile plant systems are more complicated than cms type plant systems because crossing a nuclear male sterile mother leads to a segregation (i.e. a mixture) of male sterile and fertile offspring.
  • It is also an object of the present invention to provide a farming method for planting a field with a mixture of seed comprising the steps of selecting a hybrid seed mixture containing the seed of a high grain biomass male sterile hybrid and the seed of one or more high grain biomass yielding hybrids, which are non-isogenic to the male sterile hybrid and have a positive pollinator ability for the male sterile hybrid, and allowing for pollination of male sterile hybrid plants by the pollinator hybrid plants.
  • It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a bag of high yielding seed comprising the steps of: a) choosing a male sterile hybrid seed for an additional yield increase caused by male sterility itself; b) choosing one or more high grain biomass yielding hybrid seed which are non-isogenic to the male sterile hybrid seed and which have a positive pollinator ability for the male sterile hybrid; and c) mixing the male sterile hybrid and the pollinator hybrid seeds together in the bag, thereby allowing for pollination of the plants of the male sterile hybrid by the plants of the pollinator hybrid.
  • the novel method of the present invention significantly increases the grain biomass per area beyond the level that is obtained with conventional common field cereal hybrids for the production of grain biomass for general food and fodder purposes. This is achieved by creating hybrid mixtures with two components.
  • the first component of the hybrid mixture of the present invention is an elite hybrid that outyields in a male sterile form its fertile counterpart and is used in the mixture of the invention in its male sterile form.
  • the second component of the hybrid mixture consists of one or more male fertile elite hybrids, which are non-isogenic to the male sterile hybrid (component 1) and have a positive pollinator ability for component (1).
  • Fertile male hybrids (component 2) have the capability to further increase the yield of the said male sterile hybrid by non-isogenic pollination, a yield increase greater than the yield of either component 1 or component 2.
  • the present invention is concerned with the choice of an already high-yielding common field cereal hybrid which reacts to male sterility by an additional yield increase, and further selecting one or more common field cereal hybrids (pollinators) that are non-isogenic, i.e. little related to the mother hybrid, which have a high grain biomass yield capacity themselves.
  • Preferred plants cultivated for their endosperm bearing grains according to the method of the invention are rice, rye, wheat, triticale, sorghum and maize.
  • Breeding populations this is a genetically heterogeneous collection of plants sharing largely a common genetic derivation. For the production of hybrids inbred lines must come from distinctly different breeding populations
  • Grain biomass this includes the dry matter, exclusive of water, of all kernels produced on a plant or on an area
  • Hybrid any offspring of a cross between two genetically unlike individuals. For common field cereal these are usually two inbred lines which are each homozygous.
  • Heterozygosity a genetic condition existing when different alleles reside at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes. Homozygosity describes the reverse condition that the same alleles reside at corresponding loci.
  • Inbred line an individual in a state of substantially complete homozygosity because of inbreeding
  • Male sterile a plant without production of functional pollen because of mechanical castration (detasseling in the case of maize) or the chemical and genetic induction of sterility in general
  • Non-isogenic a state of genetic dissimilarity between individuals when their nuclear genomes possess less than 87% statistical similarity
  • Pollinator ability the performance of a pollinator concerning attributes like grain biomass on a non-isogenic pollinated plant. A positive specific pollinator ability for grain biomass indicates that a certain pollinator increases this attribute on a certain non-isogenic plant
  • Small plot field system plots that consist of two 17.5' rows of male sterile hybrid arranged within a block of a specific pollinator. Pollinator blocks are arranged to maximize pollination and ⁇ iinimize the chance of contamination by foreign pollen.
  • Maize (synonymous in North America with corn; Zea mays L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are the three most important cereals worldwide, they provide more than 50% of civilization's direct energy need. Regionally, a large number of further cereals like rye (Secale Cereale L.) triticale (Triticosecale), Sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L.) play a considerable role because of specific tolerance to acid soils, drought or heat. They are all estimated as a comparatively low-prize commodity, which is easily storable.
  • cereals are important, furthermore, because of their excellence as animal feed on a grain basis and, increasingly, as a raw material in industry. Because the grain is of paramount economic importance, it is highly desirable to grow cereals in a way that allows for a maximum conversion of natural resources and additional inputs into this main product. For a sexually derived organ, this means providing optimum conditions for the grain set and for the growth of kernels.
  • the negative correlation between the two major components of grain yield can be minimized a second time by choice of high-yielding fertile pollinator hybrids, which are non- isogenic to the aforesaid male sterile hybrids that have a positive yield reaction to male sterility itself, and which have a positive pollinator ability for those male sterile hybrids.
  • the invention provides a novel method for the production of a low price product like common cereal grain to achieve a higher grain biomass per area than it would be possible with conventional use of hybrids.
  • the main advantage of the method of the invention resides in the increased capacity of the thus obtained hybrid mixture for the production of a high grain biomass per area.
  • Such a hybrid mixture is beneficial, not only economically, but also ecologically. Because of the enhanced grain yield quantity in common field cereal the large input resources on large areas of arable land are utilized more efficiently and the genetic diversity in a cereal field is increased because of mixing non-isogenic cereal hybrids on the same area.
  • the invention accordingly provides a method for increasing the yield of grain biomass per area, from a cross between hybrids of plants cultivated for their endosperm bearing grains, which comprises pollinating a high grain biomass male sterile hybrid AxB, with one or more high grain biomass yielding hybrids (hereinafter hybrids CxD), which are non-isogenic to hybrid AxB and have a positive pollinator ability for said hybrid AxB, such method comprising the steps of:
  • step c choosing hybrid AxB, which hybrid is either male sterile or rendered male sterile prior to its pollination in step c hereinafter for an additional yield increase caused by male sterility itself
  • hybrids CxD choosing one or more hybrids (hereinafter hybrids CxD), which are non-isogenic to hybrid AxB and which have a positive pollinator ability for said hybrid AxB, and c) sowing seeds of hybrids AxB and CxD in a mixture and allowing pollination of male sterile hybrid AxB by hybrid CxD.
  • the grain biomass produced according the method of the invention has an increased grain biomass yield per area because of the superior yield of the elite male sterile hybrid AxB combined with the high conventional yields of the elite hybrids CxD.
  • the invention also provides a mixture of seeds of a plant species cultivated for its endosperm bearing grain comprising a male sterile hybrid of such plant and one or more high grain biomass yielding hybrids of that same species which are non-isogenic to the male sterile hybrid and have a positive pollinator ability for said male sterile hybrid.
  • Suwan2 an open-pollinated variety bred by the Kasetsart University in Thailand.
  • Corso a hybrid released by the Swiss Federal Research Station at Reckenholz.
  • the Swiss hybrid was tested in field experiments at the experimental station of the Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, near to Zurich in Switzerland under various high and low input conditions in 1994 and 1995; the same was done with the Thai variety at the Corn and Sorghum Research Center of the Kasetsart University Thailand in 1995/1996.
  • the optimum local practices for protecting against weeds, insects and fungi and for applying nutrients were maintained.
  • the Swiss hybrid was planted on 7 May 1994 and 5 May 1995, the Thai variety on 18 December 1995.
  • Plant densities were 9 (recommended) and 12 plants/m 2 in Switzerland and 5.5 (recommended), 8 and 10.5 plants/m 2 in Thailand.
  • One plot consisted of 8 rows, 75 cm apart and 5 m long, in a randomized block design with four replications in Switzerland and six replications in Thailand. The four middle rows were sown with male sterile or fertile versions, the other rows with the fertile versions of a variety.
  • Table 2 Yield (g x m "2 ) of the male sterile cms Thai variety Suwan 2 at three plant densities. Changes (%) in relation to the fertile version are presented in brackets.
  • EXAMPLE Testing the combined efficiency of male sterility by detasseling and non-isogenic pollination on yield expression.
  • the method of the present invention combines the positive effects on grain biomass yield due to male sterility with the positive pollinator yield effect to generate an increase in grain biomass per area when compared to either the isogenic pollinated fertile mother or the pollinator as shown in the following Tables 3 and 4.
  • Table 3 Grain biomass yield (g x m "2 ) of isogenic pollinated fertile and detasselled (male sterile) maize hybrids, and cross-pollinated male sterile maize hybrids in Thailand, winter season 1996/1997. Yield changes in comparison to the isogenic pollinated fertile mother hybrid are given in brackets as percentages.
  • Pioneer 3011, Ciba G-5445 A, Dekalb 999, Cargill 993 were used as mother-hybrids and pollinator hybrids. Pacific 300, Suwan 3601 were used exclusively as pollinator hybrids.
  • Table 4 Grain biomass yield (g x m '2 ) of isogenic pollinated fertile and detasselled (male sterile) maize hybrids in Switzerland 1997. Yield changes in comparison to the isogenic pollinated fertile mother hybrid are given in brackets as percentages. Banguy Fanion, Magister, Pactol were used as mother and pollinator hybrids. T-90649 and Delval were used exclusively as pollinator hybrids.
  • Table 5 Grain biomass yield (g x m "2 ) of the sib-pollinated fertile (f) and cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) hybrid Corso, in comparison to cms Corso cross-pollinated with the hybrid Silex (cms +), at low and high plant density near to Zurich, in 1995.
  • Table 6 shows the effect of pollinators on yields across the 5 ms hybrids T- 19314, Corsco, Deprim, Silpro, Silterzo.
  • the yield gain caused by the pollinator is related to both a higher thousand-kernel weight and a higher kernel number.
  • Table 9 Yield gain in % from large strip mixture trials compared to the self pollinated . fertile control
  • Table 11 Combined effect of male steriUty and cross pollination on yields and relative yields of the 4 cms-hybrids tested in Exact trials at eight locations in 1999 in the United States.
  • the present invention provides a unique method for increasing the grain biomass per area of a hybrid mixture containing ms-hybrids and pollinators. Further, the Examples show that the hybrid mixture of the present invention exhibit a genetic effect (G).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'augmentation du rendement de biomasse céréalière par surface, à partir d'un croisement entre des hybrides de plantes cultivées pour leurs grains porteurs d'albumen, lequel consiste à polliniser un hybride stérile mâle A x B à biomasse céréalière élevée, avec un ou plusieurs hybrides C x D à fort rendement de biomasse céréalière, lesquels sont non isogéniques vis-à-vis de l'hybride A x B et présentent une capacité positive de pollinisateur pour ledit hybride A x B.
PCT/EP2000/002134 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Procede pour augmenter le rendement de biomasse cerealiere par surface WO2001067847A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2000/002134 WO2001067847A1 (fr) 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Procede pour augmenter le rendement de biomasse cerealiere par surface
AU39616/00A AU3961600A (en) 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Method for increasing the yield of grain biomass per area

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102907314A (zh) * 2012-11-09 2013-02-06 韦炳辉 一种早稻品种的选育方法
CN103704127A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2014-04-09 汪宝增 一种高粱红糯稻新品种的选育方法
CN103931487A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-23 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 一种花时不遇的两系水稻杂交的制种方法
CN104025999A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-09-10 湖北大学 一种无芒高结实多倍体水稻选育方法
CN104026006A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-09-10 湖北大学 一种高蛋白质多倍体水稻品系的选育方法
CN105230414A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-13 湖南农业大学 一种杂交水稻与其父本混合种植的方法
CN106035064A (zh) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-26 杨宗新 一种高质素原生态高产水稻的生产方法

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US4822949A (en) * 1986-04-20 1989-04-18 Yeda Research Development Company Limited Production of hybrid cucumber seeds
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US5936143A (en) * 1997-11-24 1999-08-10 Optimum Quality Grains, L.L.C. Synthetic corn hybrid P66

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SU651758A1 (ru) * 1977-06-22 1979-03-15 Всесоюзный Ордена Ленина И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Селекционногенетический Институт Способ селекции сорго
US4822949A (en) * 1986-04-20 1989-04-18 Yeda Research Development Company Limited Production of hybrid cucumber seeds
SU1395219A1 (ru) * 1986-10-30 1988-05-15 Институт Физиологии Растений Ан Усср Способ получени гибридных сем н
RU2063680C1 (ru) * 1993-09-13 1996-07-20 Научно-производственное объединение "Горное" Способ получения сложногибридной популяции клевера лугового
US5936143A (en) * 1997-11-24 1999-08-10 Optimum Quality Grains, L.L.C. Synthetic corn hybrid P66

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DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 199713, Derwent World Patents Index; Class P13, AN 1997-143719, XP002152020 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102907314A (zh) * 2012-11-09 2013-02-06 韦炳辉 一种早稻品种的选育方法
CN103704127A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2014-04-09 汪宝增 一种高粱红糯稻新品种的选育方法
CN104025999A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-09-10 湖北大学 一种无芒高结实多倍体水稻选育方法
CN104026006A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-09-10 湖北大学 一种高蛋白质多倍体水稻品系的选育方法
CN103931487A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-23 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 一种花时不遇的两系水稻杂交的制种方法
CN105230414A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2016-01-13 湖南农业大学 一种杂交水稻与其父本混合种植的方法
CN106035064A (zh) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-26 杨宗新 一种高质素原生态高产水稻的生产方法

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