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WO2001010837A1 - Sulfonamides multivalents - Google Patents

Sulfonamides multivalents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001010837A1
WO2001010837A1 PCT/US2000/020599 US0020599W WO0110837A1 WO 2001010837 A1 WO2001010837 A1 WO 2001010837A1 US 0020599 W US0020599 W US 0020599W WO 0110837 A1 WO0110837 A1 WO 0110837A1
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Prior art keywords
nil
group
alkyl
independently
hydrogen
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PCT/US2000/020599
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles Raymond Degenhardt
David Joseph Eickhoff
John Mcmillan Mciver
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
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Priority to AU63885/00A priority Critical patent/AU6388500A/en
Publication of WO2001010837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001010837A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/92—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/96—Sulfur atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/04—Antipruritics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds and compositions which are particularly useful for treating hair loss in mammals, including arresting and / or reversing hair loss and promoting hair growth.
  • the present compounds and compositions are also useful against a variety of disorders including, for example, multi-drug resistance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cardiac injury, and neurological disorders, and may be useful for controlling parasites and invoking lmmunosuppression.
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • Hair loss is a common problem which occurs, for example, through natural processes or is often chemically promoted through the use of certain therapeutic drugs designed to alleviate conditions such as cancer. Often such hair loss is accompanied by lack of hair regrowth which causes partial or full baldness.
  • hair growth occurs by a cycle of activity which involves alternating periods of growth and rest. This cycle is often divided into three mam stages which are known as anagen, catagen, and telogen. Anagen is the growth phase of the cycle and may be characterized by penetration of the hair follicle deep into the dermis with rapid proliferation of cells which are differentiating to form hair. The next phase is catagen, which is a transitional stage marked by the cessation of cell division, and during which the hair follicle regresses through the dermis and hair growth is ceased.
  • anagen is the growth phase of the cycle and may be characterized by penetration of the hair follicle deep into the dermis with rapid proliferation of cells which are differentiating to form hair.
  • catagen is a transitional stage marked by the cessation of cell division, and during which the hair follicle regresses through the dermis and hair growth is ceased.
  • telogen is often characterized as the resting stage du ⁇ ng which the regressed follicle contains a germ with tightly packed dermal papilla cells.
  • the initiation of a new anagen phase is caused by rapid cell proliferation in the germ, expansion of the dermal papilla, and elaboration of basement membrane components.
  • This cycle is repeated throughout hair growth. Wherein hair growth ceases, most of the hair follicles reside in telogen and anagen is not engaged, thus causing the onset of full or partial baldness.
  • Propecia ® may be more effective than Rogaine ®
  • patients using Propecia ® are also experiencing limited hair growth.
  • potential side effects of Propecia ® are serious.
  • Propecia ® may cause impotence, decreased sexual drive, decreased volume of ejaculate, breast tenderness and enlargement, and hypersensitivity reactions, including lip swelling and skm rash.
  • Propecia ® is not indicated for women and children. In fact, women who are pregnant or potentially pregnant should not even handle crushed or broken tablets containing the drug. See Physician's Desk Reference ® , 52 th Ed. (1998), p. 1737 and The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 338, No. 9, February 26, 1998.
  • FK506 is a complex, macrocyclic molecule having the following structure:
  • the present inventors have discovered a novel class of multivalent sulfonamide compounds which arrest and / or reverse hair loss or promote hair growth but do not share the macrocyclic structure of FK506
  • the present inventors have further discovered compounds among this novel class which invoke hair growth yet are surprisingly non- l munosuppressive or are nominally immunosuppressive
  • the minimized and / or absent immunosuppressive activity of these hypertrichotic compounds are distinct advantages as compared to the immunosuppressive compounds cyclosporm A and FK506.
  • the present invention relates to compounds and compositions which are particularly useful for treating hair loss in mammals, including arresting and / or reversing hair loss and promoting hair growth.
  • the present compounds and compositions may also be useful against a variety of disorders including, for example, multi-drug resistance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cardiac injury, and neurological disorders, and are useful for controlling parasites and invoking lmmunosuppression.
  • the compounds of the present invention have the structure:
  • the present invention relates to compounds and compositions which are particularly useful for treating hair loss in mammals, including arresting and / or reversing hair loss and promoting hair growth.
  • the present inventors have also surprisingly discovered that lmmunosuppression is not required for hair growth stimulation.
  • the present inventors have further discovered compounds that are useful for treating hair loss but are surprisingly non-immunosuppressive.
  • Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore, as defined herein, non-immunosuppressive.
  • the present compounds are also useful for treating a variety of other conditions as described herein below.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly discovered that the multivalent compounds of the present invention promote hair growth at equivalent and / or surprisingly enhanced levels. See copendmg provisional patent application serial numbers- 60/102,449 (Mclver et al. i: 60/102,448 (Mclver et al.): 60/102,539 (Mclver et al); 60/102,458 (Tiesman et al : and 60/102,437 (Tiesman et al.i. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that the present multivalent compounds are often more active than their "single ligand" counterparts because they provide a higher concentration of pharmacophore at the receptor binding site.
  • any variable, moiety, group, or the like occurs more than one time in any variable or structure
  • its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence
  • each A of structure I is independently selected from nil and alkyl. Because the definition at each occurrence of A is independent of its definition at every other occurrence, the A of Jj may be nil even though the A of J 2 is alkyl.
  • salt is a catiomc salt formed at any acidic (e.g , carboxyl) group, or an anionic salt formed at any basic (e.g., ammo) group.
  • Preferred catiomc salts include the alkali metal salts (such as, for example, sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (such as, for example, magnesium and calcium), and organic salts.
  • Preferred anionic salts include the hahdes (such as, for example, chloride salts). Such acceptable salts must, when administered, be appropriate for mammalian use.
  • alkenyl is an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon chain radical having from 2 to about 15 carbon atoms; preferably from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms; more preferably from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkenyls have at least one olefinic double bond. Non-limiting examples of alkenyls include v yl, allyl, and butenyl.
  • alkoxy is an oxygen radical having an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl, and most preferably an alkyl substituent.
  • alkoxy radicals include -O-alkyl and -O-alkenyl.
  • An alkoxy radical may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • aryloxy is an oxygen radical having an aryl substituent.
  • An aryloxy radical may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • alkyl is an unsubstituted or substituted saturated hydrocarbon chain radical having from 1 to about 15 carbon atoms; preferably from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; more preferably from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and most preferably from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred alkyls include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, zso-propyl, and butyl.
  • alkylene refers to an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl which is a diradical.
  • methylene is -CH2-.
  • Alkylenes may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • aryl is an aromatic ring radical which is either carbocyclic or heterocychc.
  • Preferred aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, napthyl, biphenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridmyl, pyrazmyl, thiazolyl, py ⁇ midinyl, quinolmyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuryl, mdolyl, mdenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isot ⁇ azolyl, lmidazolyl, pyraxolyl, oxadiazolyl, mdohzinyl, mdolyl, isoindolyl, pu ⁇
  • arylalkenyl is an alkenyl radical substituted with an aryl group or an aryl radical substituted with an alkenyl group.
  • Arylalkenyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • arylalkyl is an alkyl radical substituted with an aryl group or an aryl radical substituted with an alkyl group. Preferred arylalkyl groups include benzyl, phenylethyl, and phenylpropyl.
  • Arylalkyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • biohydrolyzable amides are amides of the compounds of the present invention which do not interfere with the activity of the compound, or that are readily converted in vivo by a mammalian subject to yield an active compound.
  • biohydrolyzable esters are esters of the compounds of the present invention which do not interfere with the activity of the compound, or that are readily converted in vivo by a mammalian subject to yield an active compound.
  • biohydrolyzable imides are imides of the compounds of the present invention which do not interfere with the activity of the compound, or that are readily converted in vivo by a mammalian subject to yield an active compound
  • Carbocyclic ring As used herein, "carbocyclic ring”, “carbocycle”, or the like is a hydrocarbon ring radical
  • Carbocyclic rings are monocychc or are fused, bridged, or spiro polycyclic rings. Unless otherwise specified, monocychc rings contain from 3 to about 9 atoms, preferably from about 4 to about 7 atoms, and most preferably 5 or 6 atoms.
  • Polycyclic rings contain from about 7 to about 17 atoms, preferably from about 7 to about 14 atoms, and most preferably 9 or 10 atoms
  • Carbocyclic rings (carbocycles) may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • cycloalkyl is a saturated carbocyclic or heterocychc ring radical.
  • Preferred cycloalkyl groups include, for example, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Cycloalkyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heteroalkenyl is an alkenyl radical comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Heteroalkenyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heteroalkyl is an alkyl radical comp ⁇ sed of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Heteroalkyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heteroaryl is an aryl radical comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Heteroaryls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heteroarylalkenyl is an arylalkenyl radical wherein the aryl group and / or the alkenyl group is comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen Heteroarylalkenyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heteroarylalkyl is an arylalkyl radical wherein the aryl group and / or the alkyl group is comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Heteroaryl alkyl s may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heterocyclic ring As used herein, "heterocychc ring", “heterocycle”, or the like is a ring radical comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms m the ring wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorous, more preferably, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
  • Heterocycles are monocychc or are fused, bridged, or spiro polycyclic rings Unless otherwise specified, monocycles contain from 3 to about 9 atoms, preferably from about 4 to about 7 atoms, and most preferably 5 or 6 atoms.
  • Polycycles contain from about 7 to about 17 atoms, preferably from about 7 to about 14 atoms, and most preferably 9 or 10 atoms.
  • Heterocychc rings may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • heterocycloalkyl is a saturated heterocycle. Heterocycloalkyls may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a “lower” moiety is moiety having 1 to about 6, preferably 1 to about 4, carbon atoms.
  • nil is used herein with reference to a group, substituent, moiety, or the like, it is meant that that group, substituent, or moiety is not present.
  • a group, substituent, or moiety is ordinarily bonded to two or more other groups, substituents, or moieties, the others are bonded together m lieu of the group, substituent, or moiety which is nil.
  • A-B-C wherein B is ml
  • C is nil
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means suitable for use in a human or other mammal, preferably human.
  • safe and effective amount of a compound means an amount that is effective to exhibit biological activity, preferably wherein the biological activity is arresting and / or reversing hair loss or promoting hair growth, at the s ⁇ te(s) of activity m a mammalian subject, without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, or allergic response), commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio when used in the manner of this invention.
  • substituted in reference to a group, moiety, or the like, means having one or more substituent groups each independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, amino, amido, alkylamino, cyano, halo, carboxy, alkoxyacyl (e g , carboethyoxy), thiol, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl (e g , pipe ⁇ dinyl, morpholmyl, pyrrohdmyl), lmmo, thioxo, hydroxyalkyl, aryloxy, and arylalkyl, preferably alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, ammo, alkylamino, halo, thiol, and aryloxy, more preferably alkyl, alkenyl,
  • the compounds of the present invention have the structure:
  • each V is independently a heteroatom wherein the heteroatom is nitrogen;
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl;
  • each Z is independently a saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-membered heterocycle optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, S(O), S(0) 2 , and P((0)OK);
  • each K is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl;
  • each W is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, hydrogen, and lower alkyl;
  • each A is independently selected from the group consisting of ml and alkyl
  • each X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of C(O), P(O), S(0) 2 , N, O, and S, wherein:
  • each R 5 and R « is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl; or wherein each R 5 and Re bonded to the same R may optionally be bonded together to form a carbocyclic or heterocychc ring; (1) each R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R ]0 is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, lmmo, -
  • each R 14 and R 15 is independently selected from the group consisting of ml, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl;
  • each R ⁇ 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of ml, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl;
  • each R ⁇ 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of ml, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl,
  • the present compounds are "multivalent" meaning they have two or more groups selected from J), J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 (collectively described as J radicals) which can potentially bind with a receptor binding site
  • the linker, L may be any mechanism through which two or more of J], J 2 , J 3 , and J may be covalently bonded together.
  • the linker may itself, but need not, participate binding which a receptor binding site.
  • a preferred linker will optimize, e g , physiochemical and / or pharmacokmetic properties of the compound of the present invention.
  • linker is a mechanism for covalent bonding, the ordinarily skilled artisan will recognize that the linker may be selected from a broad range of structures.
  • a simple, and preferred, linker is merely a covalent bond which links one J radical to one or more others, herein referred to as "bond”.
  • Another preferred linker is a heteroatom diradical e.g , -O- or - N(OH)-, or triradical, e.g :
  • Preferred heteroatom diradicals and triradicals are selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; more preferably oxygen and nitrogen; and most preferably oxygen.
  • nitrogen is the linker and J 3 and J 4 are nil, the nitrogen preferably bears a hydrogen, but may be substituted wherein the preferred substituent is alkyl.
  • linkers include radicals such as, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkynyl.
  • radicals may be substituted or unsubstituted Preferred among these examples are alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and heteroarylalkenyl.
  • alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl most preferably aryl.
  • Most preferred among these examples are phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • linkers include ethers, thioethers, amines, amides, ureas, carbamates, sulfonamides, thiocarbamates, esters, thioesters, and ketones.
  • L H a radical selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkynyl, preferably alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and heteroarylalkenyl, more preferably alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl, most preferably aryl, and most preferably phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • the linker is a bis-amide linker, a retro bis- amide linker, a polyether urea linker, or a polyether linker. These linkers are described below.
  • the "attachment locations" are the points at which a J radical is linked to L.
  • polyether urea linker An example of a polyether urea linker is:
  • polyether linkers examples are:
  • the most preferred linkers are selected from bond, aryl, alkyl, biaryl ether (i.e , aryl-O-aryl), biaryl methyl (i.e., aryl-CH 2 -aryl), -0-, -S-, and -NH-, more preferably bond, lower alkyl, aryl, biaryl ether, -0-, and-NH-, even more preferably bond, aryl, biaryl ether, and -0-, with the most preferable among these being phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, biphenyl ether, biphenyl methyl, methyl, and -0-.
  • G is not nil, L is most preferably selected from bond, alkyl, aryl, -0-, -S-, and -NH-. Wherein G is nil, L is most preferably selected from phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • the Radicals Ji, J?, J 3 , and J 4 The compounds of the present invention have two or more radicals selected from J ); J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 .
  • Ji and J 2 are each, independently, a radical of structure I.
  • J 3 and J 4 are each, independently, selected from nil and a radical of structure I.
  • J j 5 J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 are each, independently, a radical of structure I.
  • J l5 J 2 , and J 3 are each, independently, a radical of structure I, and J 4 is nil.
  • J] and J 2 are each, independently, a radical of structure I, and J 3 and J are each nil.
  • Each Z ring system is, independently, saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9- membered heterocycles.
  • each Z ring system is, independently, a 5-, 6-, or 7- membered heterocycle, more preferably, independently, a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle.
  • Z is saturated.
  • each Z ring independently and optionally contains one or more heteroatoms or heteromoieties (herein collectively described as heteroatoms for simplicity) in addition to the V nitrogen atoms wherein the additional heteroatoms are independently selected from oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), sulfoxide (S(O)), sulfone (S(0) 2 ), and phosphonate (P((0)OK)).
  • the additional heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, S(O), and S(0) 2 , but more preferably each of the Z rings do not contain any heteroatoms other than the V nitrogen atoms at the 1 -position of each ring.
  • N is an additional heteroatom
  • the additional N heteroatom will be substituted, most preferably with hydrogen, alkyl, or oxo; and / or the linker L is covalently bonded to this heteroatom or the substituent thereon.
  • the S(O), S(0) 2 , and P(0)OK heteroatoms are depicted below in Table 1 to exemplify:
  • each G moiety is attached to a sulfonyl (-S0 2 -) moiety.
  • Each G moiety is independently selected from nil, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl.
  • the linker (L) is bonded directly to the respective sulfonyl moiety.
  • the G moiety of J) is nil
  • L is bonded to Ji through the sulfonyl moiety of Jj.
  • L is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkynyl.
  • Each G moiety may be independently substituted with at least one substituent other than hydrogen.
  • substituents -0-alkyl-C(0)OR 32 , and -0-alkyl-C(0)NHR 32) wherein R 32 is selected from hydrogen and alkyl may also substitute on any of the G moieties.
  • Each G moiety is preferably independently selected from nil, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl, even more preferably ml, aryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl, most preferably aryl.
  • Preferred aryls are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl and biphenyl.
  • the most preferred aryl for each G moiety is substituted aryl (most preferably substituted phenyl), particularly aryl having at least one alkoxy substituent.
  • Particularly preferred G moieties are shown below m Table 2.
  • each Z ring is, independently, the A-X-Y-U-R* side chain which is substituted, as described herein, by R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R ⁇ .
  • Each A moiety of the side chains is, independently, selected from ml and alkyl. Most preferably, each A moiety is nil. Of course, wherein A is nil, the respective X moiety is directly attached to the respective Z ring. For example, wherein the A moiety of J, is ml, then the X moiety of J] is directly attached to the Z ring of Ji.
  • each side chain is dependent upon the structure of the Y moiety of the same side chain and vice versa.
  • each X and Y is, independently, selected from C(O), N, and O. More preferably, each X and Y is, independently, selected from C(O), N, and O. More preferably, each X and Y is, independently, selected from C(O), N, and O. More preferably, each X and Y is, independently, selected from C(O), N, and O. More preferably, each X and Y is, independently, selected from C(O), N, and O. More preferably, each
  • Each X and Y is, independently, substituted by R 3 and R 2 , respectively.
  • Each R 3 and R 2 is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, and arylalkyl.
  • X is O or S, then the R 3 attached thereto is nil.
  • Y is O or S, then the R 2 attached thereto is nil.
  • X is P(O), then the R 3 attached thereto is nil, and wherein Y is P(O) then the R 2 attached thereto is nil.
  • X is N, then the R 3 attached thereto is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, and arylalkyl, preferably hydrogen and alkyl, most preferably hydrogen.
  • Y is N, then the R 2 attached thereto is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, and arylalkyl, preferably hydrogen and alkyl, most preferably hydrogen.
  • Each U moiety is selected from nil, N, N(R 17 ), and O, preferably nil, N, and O; with the proviso that wherein when Y is selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, then U is nil.
  • the substituent R I7 is selected from alkyl and arylalkyl, preferably alkyl. Wherein a U moiety is nil, the respective Y and R» moieties are directly covalently attached to each other. Regardless of the identity of Y, U is most preferably nil.
  • Each R 4 moiety is, independently, alkyl.
  • the preferred alkyls for each R 4 follow the preferred limitations set forth above, with the most preferred R 4 being a methylene or methyne group (1 e , a moiety bearing only one hydrogen substituent).
  • Each of the R 5 and R 6 moieties are directly attached to the respective R».
  • Each R 5 and R ⁇ is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl; or wherein each R 5 and R ⁇ bonded to the same R 4 may be optionally bonded together to form a carbocyclic or heterocychc ring.
  • each R 5 and R 6 is, independently, selected from ml, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl. More preferably, each R 5 and R 6 is, independently, selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl. Most preferably, each R 5 and R ⁇ is, independently, arylalkyl. It is often preferred that the R 5 and R 6 moieties which are bonded to the same R 4 are equivalent moieties. Of course, each R 5 and Rg may be, independently, substituted. Exemplary R 5 and Re moieties are shown in Table 3 below.
  • Each of the Z rings may be substituted at the 2-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on by an additional moiety, W
  • W Each W moiety is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, and lower alkyl, preferably hydrogen and lower alkyl, most preferably hydrogen.
  • the most preferable lower alkyl for W is methyl.
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 substituents are each, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, lmmo, -R ⁇ 4 SR ⁇ 5 , - R 14 S(0 2 )R I5 , -R 14 S(0)R 15 , -R 14 C(0)R 15 , -R, 4 C(0)NR I5 R 16 , -R 14 C(0)OR 15 , -R 14 OR,5, -R, 4 NR 15 Ri 6 , -R ⁇ 4 P(0)NR 15 R ⁇ 6 , -Ri4P(0)OR ⁇ 5 R ⁇ 6 , and a spiro moiety, and wherein each R 7
  • Each R, 4 and R 15 is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, and heteroarylalkenyl R 16 is selected from hydrogen and alkyl.
  • each R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R ⁇ 0 is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, -R 14 SR 15 , -R 14 S(0 2 )R 15 , -R 14 S(0)R 15 , -R 14 C(0)R 15 ,
  • each R 7 and R 8 bonded to the same Z ring may be optionally bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc ring which is fused to said same Z ring.
  • each R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, halo, hydroxy, oxo, -R ⁇ 4 SR ]5 ,
  • each R 7 and R 8 bonded to the same Z ring may be optionally bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc ring which is fused to said same Z rmg.
  • each R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is, independently, selected from nil, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, halo, hydroxy, - R 14 C(0)R 15 , -R 14 C(0)NR 15 R 16 , -R 14 OR 15 -R ⁇ 4 OR 15 (particularly -0-CH 2 -phenyl; wherein R, 4 is nil and R 15 is arylalkyl (in this case, benzyl),
  • each R 7 and R 8 bonded to the same Z ring may be optionally bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc ring which is fused to said same Z ring
  • each R 7 and R 8 bonded to the same Z ring is bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc ring which is fused to said same Z ring.
  • R 7 and R 8 are bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc second ring wherein the second ring is fused to Z, the second ring may, of course, be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a preferred second ring is phenyl, optionally substituted.
  • a more preferred second ring is unsubstituted phenyl.
  • Ji, J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 may be equivalent or different radicals.
  • the J radicals of the compound are equivalent, particularly due to efficiency of synthesis and / or optimization of the binding moiety.
  • the J radicals may be attached through L at any atom ("attachment locations") on each of the radicals.
  • Preferred attachment locations include G of each of J J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 .
  • G is the attachment location with respect to J l 5
  • Other preferred attachment locations include any of R 5 , Re, R 7 , R g , R 9 , and Rio, preferably R 5 and R ⁇
  • the more preferred attachment locations for each of Ji, J 2 , J 3 , and J 4 are G, R 5 , and R 6 , most preferably G (or wherein G is nil, the respective -S0 - moiety).
  • Non-hmitmg examples of compounds linked through each R 7 or through each Z ring in the above manners include:
  • L is -0-L H -0-, and L H is preferably selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, and heteroaryl;
  • each R 7 and R 8 are bonded together to form an aromatic or saturated, carbocyclic or heterocychc second ring wherein the second ring is fused to Z, wherein the second ring is optionally substituted, and the linker L is attached through the second ring or any optional substituents thereon is as follows (wherein, in this example, L is O):
  • each G is mdependen tly selected frc m the g roup consisting of nil, pheny methylphenyl, and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl; each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and 3-phenylpropyl; and each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 3-phenylpropyl.
  • each G is ml
  • L is aryl (preferably phenyl or biphenyl).
  • each G is not nil, L is -0-.
  • each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and 3-phenylpropyl
  • each R ⁇ is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 3-phenylpropyl.
  • each G is nil
  • L is aryl (preferably phenyl or biphenyl).
  • each G is not nil, L is -0-.
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, 4-methylphenyl, 2- thienyl, 2,4,6-trnsopropylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-d ⁇ methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxyphenyl, methyl, 8-qumolyl, l-(5-N,N- d ⁇ methylammo)naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 5 -methylphenyl, 4- ⁇ odophenyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-n ⁇ trophenyl, 3-n ⁇ trophenyl, 4- chlorophenyl, E-styrenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl(3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxy)phenyl, and 3,
  • each G is nil
  • L is aryl (preferably phenyl or biphenyl). Most preferably, wherein each G is not nil, L is -0-. Table 7 - Preferred Compounds of the Present Invention
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of nil, 4-methylphenyl, 2- thienyl, 2,4,6-trnsopropylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-d ⁇ methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxyphenyl, methyl, 8-qumolyl, l-(5-N,N- d ⁇ methylammo)naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 5 -methylphenyl, 4- ⁇ odophenyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-n ⁇ trophenyl, 3-mtrophenyl, 4- chlorophenyl, E-styrenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl(3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxy)phenyl, and 3,4
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl
  • each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and 3-phenylpropyl
  • each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 3-phenylpropyl.
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of 4-methylphenyl, 2- thienyl, 2,4,6-trnsopropylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-d ⁇ methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxyphenyl, methyl, 8-qumolyl, l-(5-N,N- d ⁇ methylammo)naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 5 -methylphenyl, 4- ⁇ odophenyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-n ⁇ trophenyl, 3-n ⁇ trophenyl, 4- chlorophenyl, E-styrenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl(3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxy)phenyl, and 3,4- dime
  • each G is independently selected from the group consisting of 4-methylphenyl, 2- thienyl, 2,4,6-trnsopropylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-d ⁇ methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-t ⁇ methoxyphenyl, methyl, 8-qumolyl, l-(5-N,N- d ⁇ methylam ⁇ no)naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 5 -methylphenyl, 4- ⁇ odophenyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-n ⁇ trophenyl, 3-n ⁇ trophenyl, 4- chlorophenyl, E-styrenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl(3,4,5-tr ⁇ methoxy)phenyl, and 3,4- dime
  • J 3 and J 4 are each nil, L is biphenyl, G of Ji is nil, and G of J 2 is nil:
  • J 3 and J 4 are each nil, L is phenyl, G of i is nil,
  • J 3 and J are each nil, L is phenyl, G of J] is biphenyl, G of J 2 is biphenyl, R ⁇ of J, is heteroarylalkyl, R 5 of J] is heteroalkyl substituted with oxo, R 6 of J 2 is heteroarylalkyl, and R 5 of J 2 is heteroalkyl substituted with oxo:
  • J 3 and J are each ml, G of J ! is phenyl, G of J is phenyl, and L is bond:
  • J 3 and J are each nil, G of Jj is phenyl, G of J 2 is phenyl, and L is oxygen:
  • L is phenyl
  • G of J] is nil
  • G of J 2 is nil
  • G of J 3 is nil
  • G of J 4 is nil.
  • L is -0-phenyl-O-
  • G of J] is biphenyl
  • G of J 2 is biphenyl
  • J 3 is nil
  • J 4 is nil:
  • L is -0-C(0)-phenyl-C(0)-0-
  • G of Jj is biphenyl
  • G of J 2 is biphenyl
  • J 3 is nil
  • J 4 is nil:
  • the present compounds are useful for treating hair loss, the more preferred among these being non-immunosuppressive
  • the compounds (test compounds) of the present invention may be tested for their ability to induce anagen and their immunosuppressive activity (or lack thereof) using the following methods. Alternatively, other methods well-known in the art may be used (but with the term "non-immunosuppressive" being defined according to the method disclosed herein). Telogen Conversion Assay
  • the Telogen Conversion Assay measures the potential of a test compound to convert mice in the resting stage of the hair growth cycle ("telogen"), to the growth stage of the hair growth cycle (“anagen").
  • telogen there are three principal phases of the hair growth cycle: anagen, catagen, and telogen. It is believed that there is a longer telogen period in C3H mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN) from approximately 40 days of age until about 75 days of age, when hair growth is synchronized. It is believed that after 75 days of age, hair growth is no longer synchronized. Wherein about 40 day-old mice with dark fur (brown or black) are used in hair growth experiments, melanogenesis occurs along with hair (fur) growth wherein a hair growth promoter is applied.
  • the Telogen Conversion Assay herein below is used to screen compounds for potential hair growth by measuring melanogenesis.
  • a vehicle control group Three groups of 44 day-old C3H mice are utilized: a vehicle control group, a positive control group, and a test compound group, wherein the test compound group is administered a compound of the present invention.
  • the length of the assay is at least 19 days with 15 treatment days (wherein the treatment days occur Mondays through Fridays). Day 1 is the first day of treatment Most studies will end on Day 19, but a few may be carried out to Day 24 if the melanogenesis response looks positive, but occurs slowly.
  • a typical study design is shown in Table 19 below:
  • mice are treated topically Monday through Friday on their lower back (base of tail to the lower rib).
  • a pipettor and tip are used to deliver 400 ⁇ L to each mouse's back.
  • the 400 ⁇ L application is applied slowly while moving hair on the mouse to allow the application to reach the skm.
  • the lmmunosuppression assay herein predicts the immunosuppressive activity of a compound of the present invention
  • the assay is performed as follows:
  • Spleens are excised from euthanized (C0 asphyxiation) adult male C3H mice ranging m age from seven to sixteen weeks old (live mice commercially available from Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). The spleens are placed immediately in cold Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS, commercially available from Gibco-BRL, Gaithersburg, MD). The spleens are then ground up between frosted glass slides and filtered through a sterile screen to remove tissue debris.
  • HBSS Hanks Balanced Salt Solution
  • the resulting cell suspension is underlayed with an equal volume of Ficoll-Paque Plus (commercially available from Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ) and centrifuged at 400 x g for approximately forty minutes at 20 °C in order to collect the splenocytes.
  • Ficoll-Paque Plus commercially available from Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ
  • the splenocytes are collected from the interface using a disposable pipet and are washed twice with HBSS, followed by centrifugation at 100 x g for ten mm at 20 °C Splenocytes are resuspended in five to ten mL of cell culture media consisting of phenol red-free RPMI 1640 (culture media commercially available from Gibco-BRL) containing 10% heat- mactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco-BRL), penicillin (50 U/mL), streptomycin (100 ⁇ g/mL), L-glutamme (2 mM), 2-mercaptoethanol (10 "5 M), and N-2-hydroxyethylp ⁇ perazme-N'-2- ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (10 mM).
  • phenol red-free RPMI 1640 culture media commercially available from Gibco-BRL
  • penicillin 50 U/mL
  • streptomycin 100 ⁇ g/mL
  • the cells are counted and checked for viability using, for example, trypan blue.
  • Splenocytes are resuspended in medium at 10 6 cells/mL and pipetted into 96 well round bottom plates at 10 5 cells/well.
  • Test compounds are made up as stock solutions in methyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then diluted in medium and 50 ⁇ L/well added, such that the final concentration of DMSO in the assay is below 0.05%.
  • the plates are incubated at 37 °C with 5% C0 2 for 48 hours. After 48 hours, the cells are pulsed with 1 ⁇ Ci/well of methyl- 3 H-thym ⁇ dme (commercially available from Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England) and incubated an additional 24 hours.
  • the cells are harvested onto GF/C filter plates (commercially available from Packard, Downers Grove, IL), solubihzed in Microscmt 20 (Packard), and counted on a TopCount microplate scintillation and luminescence plate counter (Packard). Activity is measured as a percentage of control activity in the absence of test compound and plotted versus test compound concentration. The data are fit to a 4-parameter curve fit (Sigmaplot) and IC50 values are calculated.
  • GF/C filter plates commercially available from Packard, Downers Grove, IL
  • solubihzed in Microscmt 20 Packard
  • TopCount microplate scintillation and luminescence plate counter Packard
  • Activity is measured as a percentage of control activity in the absence of test compound and plotted versus test compound concentration.
  • the data are fit to a 4-parameter curve fit (Sigmaplot) and IC50 values are calculated.
  • test compounds are considered non-immunosuppressive if, by using this method, the ratio of (cyclosporm A IC 50 /test compound IC 50 ) x 100 is less than or equal to 0.02, 1 e., a non-immunosuppressive test compound has ⁇ 2% of the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporm A.
  • MTT 3-[4,5-d ⁇ methyl-th ⁇ azoyl-2-yl]2,5-d ⁇ phenyl- tetrazohum bromide
  • MTT 3-[4,5-d ⁇ methyl-th ⁇ azoyl-2-yl]2,5-d ⁇ phenyl- tetrazohum bromide
  • the assay is carried out m serum-free, phenol red-free RPMI 1640 and the dye is solubihzed in 100 ⁇ L/well DMSO and read at an OD of 540 nm with a background correction at 650 nm on a SpectraMax Plus microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA).
  • the present compounds are also useful, for example, to increase the antiprohferative activity of a drug and / or prevent and / or treat multi-drug resistance.
  • the present compounds may be assayed for this property as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,744,485, Zelle et al , assigned to Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., issued April 28, 1998, U.S. Patent No. 5,726,184, Zelle et al., assigned to Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., issued March 10, 1998, U.S. Patent No. 5,620,971, Armistead et al., assigned to Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., issued April 15, 1997, and U.S Patent No. 5,543,423, Zelle et al., assigned to Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., issued August 6, 1996.
  • the compounds of the present invention are prepared according to methods which are well-known to those skilled in the art
  • the starting materials used in prepa ⁇ ng the compounds of the invention are known, made by known methods, or are commercially available as a starting material.
  • the compounds of the present invention may have one or more chiral center.
  • one optical isomer including diastereomers and enantiomers
  • another optical starting materials for example by chiral starting materials, catalysts or solvents
  • both stereoisomers or both optical isomers including diastereomers and enantiomers at once (a racemic mixture).
  • the compounds of the invention may exist as racemic mixtures, mixtures of optical isomers, including diastereomers and enantiomers, or stereoisomers may be separated using known methods, such as through the use of, for example, chiral salts and chiral chromatography.
  • one optical isomer including a diastereomer and enantiomer, or a stereoisomer
  • both optical isomers including diastereomers and enantiomers, or stereoisomers substantially free of the other are disclosed and claimed as well.
  • the mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel containing dichloromethane (200 mL) and water (200 mL) and shaken.
  • the organic layer is separated and washed with water (200 mL) before drying over MgS0 4
  • the mixture is filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the desired am e lb.
  • reaction mixture is allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirs overnight.
  • the reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cold 0.1N HCl (150 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL)
  • dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL
  • the combined organic extracts are washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired bis-sulfonamide lc.
  • reaction mixture is allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirs overnight.
  • the reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cold 0.1N HCl (150 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL).
  • dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL).
  • the combined organic extracts are washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS0 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired bis- sulfonamide 2c.
  • 1,5-Napthalenedisulfonyl chloride 1,5-Napthalened ⁇ sulfon ⁇ c acid tetrahydrate (2.5 g, 6.94 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) is slurried in thionyl chloride (20 mL, 274 mmol). DMF (50 ⁇ L, 0.65 mmol) is added at ambient temperature. The mixture is heated at reflux for 18 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. The solution is poured onto a mixture of ice and water (250 mL) then extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 75 mL). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the desired bis-sulfonyl chloride 5a.
  • Example 2b The amme of Example 2b (6.51 g, 15.3 mmol) is dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (25 mL) at ambient temperature. To the solution is added ⁇ -Pr 2 EtN (5.76 mL, 33.1 mmol) and the solution is cooled to 5 °C. A solution of 1,5-napthalenedisulfonyl chloride 5a (2.16 g, 6.64 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 mL) is added and the reaction solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl(0-benzyl)serine, 1,4-benzenedimethanol diester N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl(0-benzyl)serine, 1,4-benzenedimethanol diester: N-tert- Butoxycarbonyl(0-benzyl)se ⁇ ne (12 g, 40.6 mmol; Bachem Bioscience, Inc., King of Prussia, PA), 1 ,4-benzenedimethanol (2.25 g, 16.3 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) and 4- DMAP (0.2 g, 1.6 mmol) are combined in 300 mL of dichloromethane. 1,3- Dicyclohexylcarbodnmde (8.4 g, 40.6 mmol) is added and the reaction stirs under inert atmosphere for 5 hours.
  • reaction mixture is filtered, then poured onto 200 mL of ice-cold IN HCl and extracted with dichloromethane (200 mL).
  • the organic extract is washed successively with saturated NaHC0 3 solution (150 mL) and brme (50 mL).
  • the organic solution is dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired diester 6a.
  • reaction mixture is poured onto 300 mL of ice-cold IN HCl and extracted with dichloromethane (300 mL). The organic extract is washed successively with saturated NaHC0 3 solution (150 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic solution is dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography affords the desired diester 6c.
  • reaction mixture is allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirs overnight
  • the reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cold 0 IN HCl (200 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL).
  • the combined organic extracts are washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS0 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired product 6e.
  • 1,3,(6 or 7)-Naphthalenetrisulfonic acid 1,3,(6 or 7)-Naphthalenetr ⁇ sulfomc acid, trisodium salt hydrate (2.5 g, 5.76 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) is dissolved in deiomzed water (25 mL) at ambient temperature. Strongly acidic ion-exchange resm (Dowex 50x8-400 (H + ), 2.5 g, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) is added and the slurry is stirred for one mmute. The solution is filtered and water washed. The filtrate is lyophilized to afford the desired 1,3,(6 or 7)-naphthalenetr ⁇ sulfon ⁇ c acid
  • 1,3,(6 or 7)-Naphthalenetrisulfonyl chloride 1 1,3,(6 or 7)-Naphthalenet ⁇ sulfon ⁇ c acid (2.1 g, 5.7 mmol) is slur ⁇ ed in thionyl chloride (10 mL, 137 mmol) and N,N-d ⁇ methylformam ⁇ de (10 ⁇ L, 0.13 mmol) at ambient temperature for 18 hours. Additional thionyl chloride (5 mL, 68.5 mmol) is added and the mixture is heated to reflux for 18 hours. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then dichloromethane (100 mL) is added and the mixture is filtered and washed with dichloromethane. The filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to afford the desired 1,3,(6 or 7)-naphthalenetr ⁇ sulfonyl chloride 7b.
  • O-Benzylhydroxyproline l,7-diphenyl-4-heptylamide The amide 8a (9.04 g, 16.5 mmol) is dissolved in 160 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane. TFA (130 mL) is added dropwise over a 5 mmute period. After 45 minutes, the mixture is cooled in an ice-bath and saturated K 2 C0 3 solution is added until the pH is approximately 8. The mixture is transferred to a separatory funnel containing dichloromethane (300 mL) and water (300 mL) and shaken. The organic layer is separated and washed with water ( 100 mL) before drying over MgS0 4 . The mixture is filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the desired amine 8b.
  • Butoxycarbonyl)-c «-hydroxyprol ⁇ ne methyl ester (6 g, 24.5 mmol; Bachem Bioscience Inc., King of Prussia, PA) is dissolved in 36 mL of hexane and 18 mL of dichloromethane and benzyl trichloroacetimidate (7.7 g, 30.6 mmol, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) is added. The solution cooled m an ice-bath and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (15 drops) is added. The ice-bath is removed and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • the amine 9d (8 47 g, 18 mmol), t ⁇ ethylamme (3.8 mL, 27.0 mmol) and 4- dimethylaminopy ⁇ dme (0.1 g, 0.82 mmol) are dissolved in 150 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane and the solution is cooled in an ice bath.
  • 4,4' -Biphenyl disulfonyl chloride (2.87 g, 8.2 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Co , Milwaukee, WI) is added in one portion. The reaction mixture is allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirred overnight.
  • reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cold 0.1N HCl (150 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL).
  • dichloromethane (1 x 200 mL, 2 x 100 mL).
  • the combined organic extracts are washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired bis-sulfonamide 9e.
  • the amine 9d (4.24 g, 9 mmol), t ⁇ ethylamme (1.9 mL, 13.5 mmol) and 4- dimethylammopyridme (0.05 g, 0.41 mmol) are dissolved in 75 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane and the solution is cooled in an ice bath.
  • 1,3-Benzened ⁇ sulfonyl chloride (1.13 g, 4.1 mmol; Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI) is added one portion. The reaction mixture is allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirred overnight.
  • reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cold 0.1N HCl (75 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 100 mL, 2 x 50 mL).
  • dichloromethane (1 x 100 mL, 2 x 50 mL).
  • the combined organic extracts are washed with water (50 mL), dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the product by chromatography on silica gel affords the desired bis-sulfonamide 11a.
  • Amme 2b (4 56 g, 12 mmol) is dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (75 mL) at ambient temperature. N,N-dnsopropylethylamme (2 86 mL, 16 4 mmol) is added in one portion followed by 4,4'-Methyleneb ⁇ s-(benzenesulfonyl chloride) (2 g, 5 48 mmol, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI).
  • the compounds herein may be used for the treatment of such conditions as, for example, treating hair loss in mammals, including arresting and / or reversing hair loss and promoting hair growth. Such conditions may manifest themselves in, for example, alopecia, including male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness.
  • the preferred compounds of the present invention are, as defined herein, non-immunosuppressive.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used to treat a variety of clinical conditions which include, but are not limited to, multi- drug resistance (particularly for use in cancer chemotherapy), neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac injury associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury, and treatment of fungal, microbial, viral (especially HIV), malarial or other parasitic diseases or conditions.
  • the present compounds may also be useful as inhibitors of multi-drug transporter proteins to enhance, for example, pharmacokmetics and bioavailabihty. Certain compounds of the present invention may exhibit lmmunomodulatory properties.
  • autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, Behcet's disease, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, insulin-dependent diabetes melhtus, and Graves' disease.
  • the present compounds may have utility for the treatment of certain inflammatory and allergic disease states, including urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.
  • the present compounds may also be useful in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy m congestive heart failure.
  • the present compounds may also be useful m combination with a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor for treatment of various conditions including, for example, tissue destructive diseases mediated by excessive metalloproteinase activity, cancer, and multi-drug resistance, as well as all of the conditions previously mentioned herein above
  • matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors useful in such combination include those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,830,915, Pikul et al., assigned to The Procter & Gamble Co., filed August 26, 1997; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/918,317, Natchus et al., assigned to The Procter & Gamble Co., filed August 26, 1997; U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
  • the compounds of the present invention are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for use treatment or prophylaxis of conditions such as the foregoing.
  • Standard pharmaceutical formulation techniques are used, such as those disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA. (1990).
  • from about 5 mg to about 3000 mg, more preferably from about 5 mg to about 1000 mg, more preferably from about 10 mg to about 100 mg, of a compound of the present invention is administered per day for systemic administration. It is understood that these dosage ranges are by way of example only, and that daily administration can be adjusted depending on various factors.
  • the specific dosage of the compound to be administered, as well as the duration of treatment, and whether the treatment is topical or systemic are interdependent.
  • the dosage and treatment regimen will also depend upon such factors as the specific compound used, the treatment indication, the efficacy of the compound, the personal attributes of the subject (such as, for example, weight, age, sex, and medical condition of the subject), compliance with the treatment regimen, and the presence and severity of any side effects of the treatment.
  • compositions of the subject invention contain a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier ("carrier").
  • carrier means one or more compatible solid or liquid filler diluents or encapsulating substances which are suitable for administration to a mammal.
  • compatible means that the components of the composition are capable of being commingled with a compound of the present invention, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction which would substantially reduce the efficacy of the composition under ordinary use situations.
  • Carriers must, of course, be of sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the animal, preferably mammal, being treated.
  • the carrier can itself be inert or it can possess pharmaceutical benefits of its own.
  • compositions of this mvention may be in any of a variety of forms, suitable (for example) for oral, rectal, topical, nasal, ocular or parenteral administration. Of these, topical or oral administration is especially preferred.
  • a variety of pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers well-known in the art may be used These include solid or liquid fillers, diluents, hydrotropes, surface- active agents, and encapsulating substances.
  • Optional pharmaceutically-active materials may be included, which do not substantially interfere with the activity of the compound of the present invention.
  • the amount of carrier employed in conjunction with the compound is sufficient to provide a practical quantity of material for administration per unit dose of the compound.
  • substances which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or components thereof are sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose; powdered tragacanth, malt; gelatin; talc; solid lubricants, such as steanc acid and magnesium stearate; calcium sulfate, vegetable oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and oil of theobroma; polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, manmtol, and polyethylene glycol; alg ic acid, emulsifiers, such as the TWEENS; wetting agents, such sodium lauryl sulfate, coloring agents; flavoring agents; tabletmg agents, stabilizers; antioxidants; preservatives; pyrogen-free water;
  • a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier to be used in conjunction with the subject compound is basically determined by the way the compound is to be administered.
  • pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers for systemic administration include sugars, starches, cellulose and its derivatives, malt, gelatin, talc, calcium sulfate, vegetable oils, synthetic oils, polyols, algmic acid, phosphate buffer solutions, emulsifiers, lsotonic saline, and pyrogen-free water.
  • Preferred carriers for parenteral administration include propylene glycol, ethyl oleate, pyrrohdone, ethanol, and sesame oil.
  • the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, in compositions for parenteral administration comprises at least about 90% by weight of the total composition.
  • oral dosage forms can be used, including such solid forms as tablets, capsules, granules and bulk powders. These oral forms comprise a safe and effective amount, usually at least about 5%, and preferably from about 25% to about 50%, of a compound of the present invention. Tablets can be compressed, tablet triturates, enteric- coated, sugar-coated, film-coated, or multiple-compressed, containing suitable binders, lubricants, diluents, disintegrating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flow-mducmg agents, and melting agents.
  • Liquid oral dosage forms include aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, solutions and/or suspensions reconstituted from non-effervescent granules, and effervescent preparations reconstituted from effervescent granules, containing suitable solvents, preservatives, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, diluents, sweeteners, melting agents, coloring agents and flavoring agents.
  • suitable solvents preservatives, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, diluents, sweeteners, melting agents, coloring agents and flavoring agents.
  • the pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier suitable for the preparation of unit dosage forms for oral administration are well-known the art.
  • Tablets typically comprise conventional pharmaceutically-compatible adjuvants as inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, manmtol, lactose and cellulose; binders such as starch, gelatin and sucrose; dismtegrants such as starch, algmic acid and croscarmelose, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, steanc acid and talc. Ghdants such as silicon dioxide can be used to improve flow characteristics of the powder mixture. Coloring agents, such as the FD&C dyes, can be added for appearance. Sweeteners and flavoring agents, such as aspartame, saccharin, menthol, peppermint, and fruit flavors, are useful adjuvants for chewable tablets.
  • inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, manmtol, lactose and cellulose
  • binders such as starch, gelatin and sucrose
  • dismtegrants such as starch, algmic acid
  • Capsules typically comprise one or more solid diluents disclosed above
  • the selection of carrier components depends on secondary considerations like taste, cost, and shelf stability, which are not critical for the purposes of the subject invention, and can be readily made by a person skilled in the art.
  • Orally administered compositions also include liquid solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, syrups, and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers suitable for preparation of such compositions are well known the art.
  • Typical components of carriers for syrups, elixirs, emulsions and suspensions include ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, liquid sucrose, sorbitol and water.
  • typical suspending agents include methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, AVICEL RC-591, tragacanth and sodium alginate, typical wetting agents include lecithin and polysorbate 80; and typical preservatives include methyl paraben and sodium benzoate
  • Peroral liquid compositions may also contain one or more components such as sweeteners, flavoring agents and colorants disclosed above.
  • compositions may also be coated by conventional methods, typically with pH or time-dependent coatings, such that the subject compound is released in the gastrointestinal tract in the vicinity of the desired topical application, or at various times to extend the desired action
  • dosage forms typically include, but are not limited to, one or more of cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, ethyl cellulose, Eudragit coatings, waxes and shellac.
  • compositions useful for attaining systemic delivery of the subject compounds include sublmgual, buccal and nasal dosage forms.
  • Such compositions typically comprise one or more of soluble filler substances such as sucrose, sorbitol and manmtol; and binders such as acacia, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Ghdants, lubricants, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants and flavoring agents disclosed above may also be included.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be topically administered.
  • the carrier of the topical composition preferably aids penetration of the present compounds into the skm to reach the environment of the hair follicle.
  • Topical compositions of the present invention may be in any form including, for example, solutions, creams, ointments, gels, lotions, shampoos, leave- on and rmse-out hair conditioners, milks, cleansers, moisturizers, sprays, skm patches, and the like.
  • Topical compositions containing the active compound can be admixed with a variety of carrier materials well known in the art, such as, for example, water, alcohols, aloe vera gel, allantom, glycerine, vitamin A and E oils, mineral oil, propylene glycol, PPG-2 myristyl propionate, and the like.
  • carrier materials such as, for example, water, alcohols, aloe vera gel, allantom, glycerine, vitamin A and E oils, mineral oil, propylene glycol, PPG-2 myristyl propionate, and the like.
  • compositions suitable for use in topical carriers include, for example, emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders. Examples of each of these types of materials, which can be used singly or as mixtures of one or more materials, are as follows:
  • Emollients such as stearyl alcohol, glyceryl mono ⁇ cmoleate, glyceryl monostearate, propane- 1,2-d ⁇ ol, butane-l,3-d ⁇ ol, mmk oil, cetyl alcohol, zso-propyl isostearate, steanc acid, iso- butyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, dimethylpolysiloxane, di-H-butyl sebacate, isopropyl my ⁇ state, zso-propyl palmitate, zso-propyl stearate, butyl stearate, polythylene glycol, triethylene glycol, lanolm, sesame oil, coconut oil, arachis oil
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered m the form of hposome delivery systems, such as small umlamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • a preferred formulation for topical delivery of the present compounds utilizes liposomes such as described in Dowton et al., "Influence of Liposomal Composition on Topical Delivery of Encapsulated Cyclosporm A: I. An in vitro Study Using Hairless Mouse Skin", S.T.P. Pharma Sciences, Vol. 3, pp.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered by iontophoresis. See, e.g., www.un ⁇ pr. ⁇ t a a/d ⁇ pfarm erasmus/erasml4.html, Banga et al., "Hydrogel-based Iontotherapeutic Delivery Devices for Transdermal Delivery of Peptide/Protein Drugs", Pharm. Res.. Vol. 10 (5), pp. 697-702 (1993), Ferry L.L., "Theoretical Model of Iontophoresis Utilized in Transdermal Drug Delivery", Pharmaceutical Acta Helvetiae. Vol 70, pp.
  • compositions of the present invention may also optionally comprise an activity enhancer.
  • the activity enhancer can be chosen from a wide variety of molecules which can function in different ways to enhance hair growth effects of a compound of the present invention. Particular classes of activity enhancers include other hair growth stimulants and penetration enhancers.
  • Additional hair growth stimulants can be chosen from a wide variety of molecules which can function in different ways to enhance the hair growth effects of a compound of the present invention. These optional other hair growth stimulants, when present, are typically employed in the compositions herein at a level ranging from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
  • Vasodilators such as potassium channel agonists including, for example, minoxidil and minoxidil derivatives such as ammexil and such as those described m U S. Patent 3,382,247, U.S. Patent 5,756,092, issued May 26, 1998, U.S. Patent 5,772,990, issued June 30, 1998, U.S. Patent 5,760,043, issued June 2, 1998, U.S. Patent 328,914, issued July 12, 1994, U.S. Patent 5,466,694, issued November 14, 1995, 5,438,058, issued August 1, 1995, and U.S. Patent 4,973,474, issued November 27, 1990, (all of which are herein incorporated by reference), and cromakalm and diazoxide can be used as an additional hair growth stimulant m the compositions herein.
  • minoxidil and minoxidil derivatives such as ammexil and such as those described m
  • minoxidil and minoxidil derivatives such as ammexil and such as those described m
  • minoxidil and minoxidil derivatives such as
  • antiandrogens include, but are not limited 5- ⁇ -reductase inhibitors such as finesteride and those described in U.S. Patent 5,516,779, issued May 14, 1996 (herein incorporated by reference) and in Nane et al., Cancer Research 58, "Effects of Some Novel Inhibitors of C17,20-Lyase and 5 ⁇ -Reductase in vitro and in vivo and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer," as well as cyproterone acetate, azelaic acid and its denvatives and those compounds described in U.S.
  • 5- ⁇ -reductase inhibitors such as finesteride and those described in U.S. Patent 5,516,779, issued May 14, 1996 (herein incorporated by reference) and in Nane et al., Cancer Research 58, "Effects of Some Novel Inhibitors of C17,20-Lyase and 5 ⁇ -Reductase in vitro and in vivo and Their
  • Another suitable class of optional hair growth stimulants are immunosuppressants or non-immunosuppressants such as 1) cyclosporm and cyclosporm analogs including those described m U.S. Provisional Patent Application No 60/122,925, Fulmer et al., "Method of Treating Hair Loss Using Non-immunosuppressive Compounds", filed March 5, 1999, herein incorporated by reference, and 2) FK506 analogs such as those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/102,449, Mclver et al., "Heterocychc 2-Subst ⁇ tuted Ketoamides", filed September 30, 1998, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
  • Another suitable class of optional hair growth stimulants are antimicrobials such as selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, t ⁇ clocarbon, t ⁇ closan, zinc pynthione, ltraconazole, asiatic acid, hinokitiol, mipirocin and those described in EPA 0,680,745 (herein incorporated by reference), chnacycin hydrochlonde, benzoyl peroxide, benzyl peroxide and mmocyclm.
  • antimicrobials such as selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, t ⁇ clocarbon, t ⁇ closan, zinc pynthione, ltraconazole, asiatic acid, hinokitiol, mipirocin and those described in EPA 0,680,745 (herein incorporated by reference), chnacycin hydrochlonde, benzoyl peroxide, benzyl peroxide and mmocyclm.
  • Anti-inflammato ⁇ es can also be incorporated into the compositions herein as an optional hair growth stimulant.
  • suitable anti-inflammato ⁇ es may include glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone, mometasone furoate and prednisolone, nonsteroidal anti-mflammatones including cyclooxygenase or hpoxygenase inhibitors such as those described in U.S. Patent 5,756,092, and benzydamme, salicylic acid, and those compounds described in EPA 0,770,399, published May 2, 1997, WO 94/06434, published March 31, 1994, and FR 2,268,523, published November 21, 1975, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • thyroid hormones and derivatives and analogs thereof are thyroid hormones and derivatives and analogs thereof.
  • suitable thyroid hormones for use herein may include t ⁇ iodothy ⁇ onine.
  • suitable thyroid hormone analogs which may be suitable for use herein include those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/136,996, Zhang et al., “Method of Treating Hair Loss", filed June 1, 1999, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/137,024, Zhang et al., "Method of Treating Hair Loss Using Biphenyl Compounds", filed June 1, 1999, U.S Provisional Patent Application No.
  • Prostaglandm agonists or antagonists can also be used as optional hair growth stimulants in the compositions herein.
  • suitable prostaglandms agonists or antagonists include latanoprost and those described in WO 98/33497, Johnstone, published August 6, 1998, WO 95/11003, Stjernschantz, published April 27, 1995, JP 97-100091, Ueno and JP 96-134242, Nakamura.
  • Suitable retinoids may include lsotretino , acitretm, and tazarotene.
  • tnterpenes such as, for example, those disclosed m Bradbury et al., U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/353,408, “Method for Regulating Hair Growth", filed July 15, 1999 and Bradbury et al., U.S Patent Application Serial No 09/353,409, “Compositions Which Contain Tnterpenes for Regulating Hair Growth", filed July 15, 1999, each incorporated by reference m their entirety.
  • optional hair growth stimulants for use herein include flavmoids, ascomycin derivatives and analogs, histamme antagonists such as diphenhydramme hydrochlonde, other tnterpenes such as oleanohc acid and ursohc acid and those described U.S. Patent 5,529,769, JP 10017431, WO 95/35103, U.S. Patent 5,468,888, JP 09067253, WO 92/09262, JP 62093215, U.S. Patent 5,631,282, U.S.
  • Patent 5,679,705, JP 08193094, saponins such as those described in EP 0,558,509 to Bonte et al., published September 8, 1993 and WO 97/01346 to Bonte et al, published January 16, 1997 (both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), proteoglycanase or glycosam oglycanase inhibitors such as those described in U.S. Patents 5,015,470, issued May 14, 1991, U.S. Patent 5,300,284, issued April 5, 1994 and U.S.
  • Patent 5,714,515 issued February 3, 1998, EPA 0,319,991, published June 14, 1989, EPA 0,357,630, published October 6, 1988, EPA 0,573,253, published December 8, 1993, JP 61- 260010, published November 18, 1986, U.S. Patent 5,772,990, issued June 30, 1998, U.S. Patent 5,053, 410, issued October 1, 1991, and U.S. Patent 4,761,401, issued August 2, 1988, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • Non-hmitmg examples of penetration enhancers which may be used m the compositions herein include, for example, 2-methyl propan-2-ol, propan-2-ol, ethyl-2-hydroxypropanoate, hexan-2,5-d ⁇ ol, POE(2) ethyl ether, d ⁇ (2-hydroxypropyl) ether, pentan-2,4-d ⁇ ol, acetone, POE(2) methyl ether, 2-hydroxyprop ⁇ on ⁇ c acid, 2-hydroxyoctano ⁇ c acid, propan-1-ol, 1,4-d ⁇ oxane, tetrahydrofuran, butan-l,4-d ⁇ ol, propylene glycol dipelargonate, polyoxypropylene 15 stearyl ether, octyl alcohol, POE ester of oleyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, dioctyl adipate, dicapryl adipate, di-isoprop
  • the compounds of the invention can be administered alone or as mixtures, and the compositions may further include additional drugs or excipients as appropriate for the indication.
  • the present mvention further relates to kits comprising a compound and / or composition of the present invention and information and / or instructions by words, pictures, and / or the like, that use of the kit will provide treatment for hair loss m mammals (particularly humans) including, for example, arresting and / or reversing hair loss and / or promoting hair growth.
  • the kit may comprise a compound and / or composition of the present invention and information and / or instructions regarding methods of application of the compound and / or composition, preferably with the benefit of treating hair loss in mammals.
  • composition and method examples do not limit the invention, but provide guidance to the skilled artisan to prepare and use the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention.
  • a compound of the present invention other than the one mentioned may be substituted in the example with similar results.
  • a tablet for oral administration according to the present invention comprising:
  • composition for topical administration according to the present invention comprising:
  • a human male subject suffering from male pattern baldness is treated by a method of this invention. Specifically, for 6 weeks, the above composition is daily administered topically to the subject.
  • Example C
  • a composition for topical administration according to the present invention is made according to the method of Dowton et al., "Influence of Liposomal Composition on Topical Delivery of Encapsulated Cyclosporm A: I. An in vitro Study Using Hairless Mouse Skm", S.T P. Pharma Sciences, Vol. 3, pp. 404 - 407 (1993), using the compound of Example 2c m lieu of cyclosporm A and using the Novasome 1 for the non-ionic liposomal formulation.
  • a human male subject suffering from male pattern baldness is treated each day with the above composition. Specifically, for 6 weeks, the above composition is administered topically to the subject.
  • a shampoo according to the present invention comprising:

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des nouveaux composés et des nouvelles compositions qui sont particulièrement utiles pour traiter la chute de poils chez les mammifères, y compris l'arrêt de la chute de poils et/ou l'inversion du phénomène et la repousse du poil. Les présents composés et compositions pourraient également s'avérer utiles contre un grand nombre de désordres comme par exemple la résistance aux médicaments multiples, le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), les maladies cardio-vasculaires, et les troubles neurologiques, et pour lutter contre les parasites et favoriser l'immunosuppression. Les composés de l'invention présentent la structure (I), où L désigne un lieur par l'intermédiaire duquel J1, J2, J3, et J4 sont liés ; où J1 J2 sont chacun, indépendamment, des radicaux de la structure I ; et J3, et J4 sont chacun, indépendamment, sélectionnés dans le groupe ne renfermant aucun radical et des radicaux de la structure I ; la structure (I) étant représentée par la formule (A).
PCT/US2000/020599 1999-08-05 2000-07-28 Sulfonamides multivalents WO2001010837A1 (fr)

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Citations (11)

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WO1992021313A2 (fr) * 1991-05-24 1992-12-10 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Nouveaux composes immunosuppresseurs
US5620971A (en) * 1991-05-09 1997-04-15 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Biologically active acylated amino acid derivatives
WO1997031899A1 (fr) * 1996-02-28 1997-09-04 Ariad Gene Therapeutics, Inc. Agents de multimerisation synthetiques
US5721256A (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-02-24 Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. Method of using neurotrophic sulfonamide compounds
WO1998008814A1 (fr) * 1996-08-28 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Inhibiteurs de metalloproteases bidentees
WO1998008815A1 (fr) * 1996-08-28 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Inhibiteurs de metalloproteases a cycle amino substitue
US5744485A (en) * 1994-03-25 1998-04-28 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Carbamates and ureas as modifiers of multi-drug resistance
WO1998055090A1 (fr) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-10 Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc. Compositions pour la repousse des cheveux et leurs utilisations
WO1999006390A1 (fr) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-11 Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Composes de carbamyloxy inhibant une adhesion de leucocytes regulee par vla-4
WO1999062490A1 (fr) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. Compositions pour la croissance des cheveux a base de petites molecules de sulfonamides et utilisation de ces compositions
WO2000018361A2 (fr) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de traitement de la chute de cheveux par administration de sulfonamides

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5620971A (en) * 1991-05-09 1997-04-15 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Biologically active acylated amino acid derivatives
WO1992021313A2 (fr) * 1991-05-24 1992-12-10 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Nouveaux composes immunosuppresseurs
US5744485A (en) * 1994-03-25 1998-04-28 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Carbamates and ureas as modifiers of multi-drug resistance
WO1997031899A1 (fr) * 1996-02-28 1997-09-04 Ariad Gene Therapeutics, Inc. Agents de multimerisation synthetiques
WO1997031898A1 (fr) * 1996-02-28 1997-09-04 Ariad Gene Therapeutics, Inc. Derives synthetiques de rapamycine utilises comme agents de multimerisation de proteines chimeres a domaines derives de l'immunophiline
WO1998008814A1 (fr) * 1996-08-28 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Inhibiteurs de metalloproteases bidentees
WO1998008815A1 (fr) * 1996-08-28 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Inhibiteurs de metalloproteases a cycle amino substitue
US5721256A (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-02-24 Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. Method of using neurotrophic sulfonamide compounds
WO1998055090A1 (fr) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-10 Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc. Compositions pour la repousse des cheveux et leurs utilisations
WO1999006390A1 (fr) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-11 Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Composes de carbamyloxy inhibant une adhesion de leucocytes regulee par vla-4
WO1999062490A1 (fr) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. Compositions pour la croissance des cheveux a base de petites molecules de sulfonamides et utilisation de ces compositions
WO2000018361A2 (fr) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de traitement de la chute de cheveux par administration de sulfonamides

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