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WO2003066423A1 - Vessel for transport of lpg and liquid co2 and system for energy production without emission of co2 to the atmosphere - Google Patents

Vessel for transport of lpg and liquid co2 and system for energy production without emission of co2 to the atmosphere Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003066423A1
WO2003066423A1 PCT/NO2002/000442 NO0200442W WO03066423A1 WO 2003066423 A1 WO2003066423 A1 WO 2003066423A1 NO 0200442 W NO0200442 W NO 0200442W WO 03066423 A1 WO03066423 A1 WO 03066423A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
liquid
tanks
equipment
condensate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2002/000442
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Svein Inge Eide
Kåre G. Breivik
Original Assignee
Statoil Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Asa filed Critical Statoil Asa
Priority to AU2002367607A priority Critical patent/AU2002367607A1/en
Publication of WO2003066423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003066423A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0635—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0645—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
    • F17C2227/0386—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel with a jacket
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/044—Avoiding pollution or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0121—Platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0155—Type of cavity by using natural cavities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0157—Location of cavity
    • F17C2270/0163—Location of cavity offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0581—Power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/80—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/70—Processing device is mobile or transportable, e.g. by hand, car, ship, rocket engine etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a vessel equipped for loading, transport and unloading of LPG, condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, and liquid CO 2 , which vessel further is comprising a separation unit capable to receive an inflow for subsequent separation to components for storage in the vessel or supply to another unit.
  • the present invention also regards a vessel equipped for loading, transport and unloading of the above mentioned types of load, which vessel is without a separation unit.
  • a relevant method to reduce emission of CO is to deposit CO 2 in underground reservoirs from where hydrocarbons are produced, whereby the injected CO 2 contributes to maintenance of the reservoir pressure for continued production of hydrocarbons.
  • Said CO 2 is injected in liquid form or in gas form, of which injection in gas form currently goes on. The idea of injecting CO 2 in liquid form in underground reservoirs is known, and is planned at the Sn ⁇ hvitfeltet outside northern Norway from the year 2005.
  • a vessel is needed that can transport said loads on one keel under full flexibility with respect to load exchange, whereby LPG and condensate can be transported one way and liquid CO 2 can be transported another way. It is also demand for a vessel that, in addition to the above mentioned functions can be connected to gas fields without facilities for production of heavier gas components, such that on the vessel can the heavier gas components be separated out and loaded, while unloading of liquid CO 2 for subsequent underground injection takes place.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a vessel according to the invention, connected to a gas field.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a vessel according to the invention, connected to a power plant.
  • a vessel 1 comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks 2 for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or other liquid that is stable at atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks 3 for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid.
  • the vessel is distinguished in that it further is comprising: s Equipment to load liquid CO 2 , one or more tanks 4 for stable storage of liquid
  • a separation unit 6 capable to receive a flow 7 of wet gas and condensate for separation into LPG, condensate and dry gas, such that LPG and condensate can be o passed to respective tanks 2, 3 in the vessel and dry gas 8 can be passed out from the vessel to another unit.
  • FIG. 1 a vessel is illustrated, laying connected to a gas field off shore, via a surface platform that is without facilities for production of the heavier gas components.
  • the vessel is loading a flow 7 comprising wet gas and condensate for separation of said s load in the separation unit into LPG, condensate and dry gas.
  • LPG and condensate are stored at the vessel in respective tanks 2, 3, whereby the vessel is loaded with LPG and condensate.
  • the dry gas is passed through a line 8 back to the surface platform for subsequent further transport, for example through-a gas pipeline.
  • the connection to the gas field is via a connection of the type STL-Submerged Turret Loading, a submerged o rotatable body for loading, in agreement with the prior art.
  • the separation unit is preferably arranged close to the connection of the vessel to the gas field, to achieve a short transport distance.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the vessel and its operation in one end of the transport route. 5
  • Figure 2 the vessel and its operation in another end of the transport route is illustrated, more specific at a power work where the vessel loads liquid CO 2 and unloads
  • LPG liquidized petroleum gas that has to be cooled to a temperature below normal ambient temperature and/or be kept under pressure higher than 35 the atmospheric pressure t exist as a stable liquid.
  • condensate is meant the liquid components condensed from gas, and optionally smaller amounts of the components that in liquid form have been associated wit the gas, which condensate exists as a stable liquid at normal ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure.
  • CO 2 is meant in substance CO 2 , in such extent that the disturbing influence of further components is avoided.
  • the general construction or design of the vessel hull is preferably in agreement with the patent publication NO 2001 1982.
  • the vessel has double hull with a central loading area along the longitudinal axis of the vessel, between two longitudinal running outer bulk heads, preferably with loading tanks arranged in a row central along the longitudinal axis of the central loading area, and with side tanks or wing tanks symmetrically between said bulkheads and the outer double hull walls.
  • the vessel is comprising for example 8 tanks arranged along the central axis of the ship, which tanks have construction and equipment that allows anyone of the actual types of load, and tanks ' for condensate or another liquid stable at atmospheric pressure along each side of the vessel.
  • an arrangement is provided for fluid communication between tanks, preferably with double valve segregation.
  • the vessel can in general be constructed freely under the condition that the functions that are to be operated are maintained.
  • the tanks can in principle take any form and be of any number, provided that the function of the vessel is maintained.
  • the condensate tanks can be dimensioned for atmospheric pressure and atmospheric temperature
  • LPG-tanks can be dimensioned for minimum 3 bar operating pressure and maximum -30 °C operating temperature
  • CO 2 tanks can be dimensioned for minimum 5.3 bar operating pressure and maximum -50 °C operating temperature.
  • Most preferable tanks for any type of load are designed and equipped to maintain a loading temperature of -50 °C or lower and a pressure of minimum 8 bar.
  • all loading tanks of the vessel are according to said requirement, whereby all tanks can handle all actual types of load.
  • the tanks are conveniently constructed with outer isolation over a shell of austenitic stainless steel or another material not susceptible to brittle cracking at the actual cooling, with a cooling jacket between said isolation and shell, and optionally with means for cooling in the tanks.
  • each tank intended for any actual type of load has the form of a cylinder with circular cross-section with a half sphere formed upper end and a half sphere formed lower end, wherein each tank is arranged standing vertical in the vessel with the upper end above the deck level of the vessel.
  • Typical dimensions will be: inner diameter 8-10 m and height 15-20 .
  • Such tank design gives a preferable large storage volume with respect to wall thickness and weight of a tank.
  • all the tanks are formed as a vertical standing cylinder of circular cross-section and half sphere formed ends, of which the tanks arranged along the longitudinal axis of the vessel extend to over deck level while side tanks or wing tanks are completely below deck level synxmetrically arranged around the longitudinal axis of the vessel.
  • All types of load are present as liquid and are loaded and unloaded by use of pipes, connections, valves and pumps.
  • Preferably sinking pumps are used in the tanks to ensure good emptying. Provided that the tanks and equipment for loading and unloading are formed such that good emptying is achieved, it is not expected any problems by changing from one type of load to another in a tank.
  • the vessel has two independent cooling systems or cooling loops, with cooling to tanks, optionally to equipment for loading and unloading, and to the separation unit.
  • the loading and unloading equipment, tanks and the cooling parts of the separation unit are preferably cooled in advance before introducing LPG or CO 2 into tanks and CO 2 into the heat exchanger of the separation unit.
  • the inflow of wet gas to the vessel is at a typical pressure of 200-300 bar and a typical temperature of 100 °C .
  • the separation unit of the vessel is constructed such that it functions by expansion and pressure relief combined with cooling.
  • the cooling is completely or in part provided with heat exchange with relatively cold liquid CO 2 in a CO 2 flow that is unloaded to another unit, which liquid CO -flow that is unloaded is counter current to the inflow to the separation unit.
  • This is indicated on Figure 1 by conducting the CO 2 -flow 5 through a part of the separation unit 6.
  • Flow loops of liquid CO 2 for cooling in addition to the flow that is provided at unloading, can be arranged.
  • the separation unit of the vessel contains equipment for temperature controlled heat exchange with liquid CO 2 such that the temperature of the liquid CO is maintained below a predetermined maximum upper value. Thereby the formation of dry ice or CO 2 -gas in the heat exchanger can be avoided.
  • the heat exchanger is cooled in advance by use of the cooling system and or liquid CO 2 before the inlet flow to the separation unit gradually is opened.
  • a vessel is provided, which in principle is corresponding to the vessel described above, except that the vessel is without a separation unit.
  • the additional vessel is distinguished in that it is comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks 2 for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks 3 for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid, and equipment to load liquid CO 2 , one or more tanks 4 for stable storage of liquid CO 2 under transport, and equipment 5 to load liquid CO 2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir.
  • the additional vessel cannot be connected to a gas field to separate out and load heavy gas components such as LPG and condensate, but can load LPG, condensate or another liquid that is stable at atmospheric pressure where such load is available separated and ready for shipping.
  • An actual transport way is to load liquid CO 2 from a gas work (for example Skogn, in Trondheimsfjorden, Mid-Norway), deliver said liquid CO at a LNG- plant (for example Sn ⁇ hvit) for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir, load LPG and condensate from said LNG-plant, and deliver said LPG and condensate at said gas work or another location, and reload liquid CO 2 from the gas work.
  • the additional vessel according to the invention has the same preferred embodiments and preferable features as those described for the previously described vessel, to the extent the vessels have similar design.
  • a system for energy production without emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere is provided, distinguished in that it is comprising one or more sources to hydrocarbons, one or more vessels, and optionally other transport units, for transport of said hydrocarbons to one or more power plants where energy is produced by combusting said hydrocarbons, and one or more sources to CO 2 that can be transported by the one or more vessels and optionally other transport units to one or more receiving stations for CO 2 for subsequent injection of CO 2 into the underground.
  • the source of the system for hydrocarbons and the receiving station for CO 2 for subsequent injection of CO 2 into the underground is one or more gas fields or facilities connected thereto, for example processing facilities.
  • the source to CO 2 is the combustion at the one or more power plants, naturally occurring CO 2 in said sources for hydrocarbons, and optionally additional sources such as refineries and industrial installations.
  • CO 2 is present as liquid before transport, whereby the transport volume is reduced.
  • CO 2 can also be transported and injected in form of gas.
  • Naturally occurring CO 2 amongst said sources for hydrocarbons can exist in mixture with said hydrocarbons, and can be transported in mixture with said hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are then combusted for energy production in the one or more power plants, whereafter all CO 2 is liquidized. If the CO 2 - admixture into the hydrocarbons is very high, a part of the CO 2 can be separated out before said combustion or additional hydrocarbons can be admixed.
  • vessels as described above, with embodiments as described, are utilized for the system according to the present invention.

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Abstract

Vessel (1), comprising : equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks (2) for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG; equipment to load condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks (3) for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid. The vessel is distinguished in that it further is comprising : equipment to load liquid CO2, one or more tanks (4) for stable storage of liquid CO2 under transport, and equipment (5) to unload liquid CO2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir; a separation unit (6) that is capable to receive a flow (7) of wet gas and condensate for separation into LPG, condensate and dry gas, such that LPG and condensate can be passed to respective tanks (2, 3) in the vessel and dry gas (8) can be passed from the vessel to another unit. The invention is also comprising an additional vessel according to the above, but without a separation unit. The invention is further comprising a system for energy production without emission of CO2 to the atmosphere.

Description

Vessel for transport of LPG and liquid CO2 and system for energy production without emission of CO2 to the atmosphere
Field of the invention
The present invention regards a vessel equipped for loading, transport and unloading of LPG, condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, and liquid CO2, which vessel further is comprising a separation unit capable to receive an inflow for subsequent separation to components for storage in the vessel or supply to another unit.
The present invention also regards a vessel equipped for loading, transport and unloading of the above mentioned types of load, which vessel is without a separation unit.
Background of the invention The present invention is in particular relevant with respect to two problems:
1. Emission to the atmosphere of CO2 is a problem of increasing relevance, in particular because of obligations according to the Kyoto agreement. Regarding the efforts to reduce emissions of gases contributing to the greenhouse effect, Norway is liable to reduce emissions of CO2 with about 12 million tons compared to the expected level o emission of the year 2010 if precautions are not implemented. A relevant method to reduce emission of CO is to deposit CO2 in underground reservoirs from where hydrocarbons are produced, whereby the injected CO2 contributes to maintenance of the reservoir pressure for continued production of hydrocarbons. Said CO2 is injected in liquid form or in gas form, of which injection in gas form currently goes on. The idea of injecting CO2 in liquid form in underground reservoirs is known, and is planned at the Snøhvitfeltet outside northern Norway from the year 2005. After entering the Kyoto agreement, both emission and deposit of CO2 have become commercial substances that can be purchased and sold between industrial actors and nations. Several gas works are planned to be built in Norway, the emission of CO2 from a gas work is typical about 2 million tons per year, which represents a disposal value of about 300 millions NOK. Gas works and other major industrial actors are actual suppliers of liquid CO2.
2. Offshore gas fields exist from which it currently is not possible to produce the heavier gas fractions, such that the heavier gas fractions either have to be reinjected into the reservoir or be flared. A typical gas field without capability for production of the heavier gas fractions could contribute with a production per day of about 1000 tons LPG, in addition to condensate. Exploitation of the heavier gas fractions from 4-5 typical gas fields will represent a market value of about 3.5 billions NOK per year. In view of the above mentioned problems a demand for transport exists in order to transport said heavier gas fractions (LPG primarily, but also some condensate) and liquid CO2. In particular a vessel is needed that can transport said loads on one keel under full flexibility with respect to load exchange, whereby LPG and condensate can be transported one way and liquid CO2 can be transported another way. It is also demand for a vessel that, in addition to the above mentioned functions can be connected to gas fields without facilities for production of heavier gas components, such that on the vessel can the heavier gas components be separated out and loaded, while unloading of liquid CO2 for subsequent underground injection takes place.
Prior art
At present only one vessel, or more specific a hull construction, exists that can transport LPG and condensate on the same keel in large scale, at high level of safety. It is referred to a hull construction patent pending with Norwegian patent application NO 2001 1982 in the name of Navion ASA. Said vessel has neither design nor equipment to transport liquid CO2 in large scale, and has no separation facilities. Currently no vessel exists for transport of liquid CO2 in large scale.
Summary of the invention With the present invention a vessel is provided of a type and of a construction as apparent from claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the vessel are further specified in the dependent claims.
With the present invention also another vessel is provided, of a type and constructions as apparent from claim 8, with preferred embodiments further specified in the dependent claims.
Further, a system for energy production without emission of CO2 to the atmosphere is provided with the present invention.
Drawings The invention is illustrated with one drawing comprising two figures, wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a vessel according to the invention, connected to a gas field. Figure 2 illustrates a vessel according to the invention, connected to a power plant.
Detailed description
Reference is made to the figures 1 and 2. With the present invention a vessel 1 is provided, comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks 2 for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or other liquid that is stable at atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks 3 for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid.
The vessel is distinguished in that it further is comprising: s Equipment to load liquid CO2, one or more tanks 4 for stable storage of liquid
CO2 under transport, and equipment 5 to unload liquid CO2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir, and a separation unit 6 capable to receive a flow 7 of wet gas and condensate for separation into LPG, condensate and dry gas, such that LPG and condensate can be o passed to respective tanks 2, 3 in the vessel and dry gas 8 can be passed out from the vessel to another unit.
On Figure 1 a vessel is illustrated, laying connected to a gas field off shore, via a surface platform that is without facilities for production of the heavier gas components.
The vessel is loading a flow 7 comprising wet gas and condensate for separation of said s load in the separation unit into LPG, condensate and dry gas. LPG and condensate are stored at the vessel in respective tanks 2, 3, whereby the vessel is loaded with LPG and condensate. The dry gas is passed through a line 8 back to the surface platform for subsequent further transport, for example through-a gas pipeline. The connection to the gas field is via a connection of the type STL-Submerged Turret Loading, a submerged o rotatable body for loading, in agreement with the prior art. The separation unit is preferably arranged close to the connection of the vessel to the gas field, to achieve a short transport distance. Unloading of the liquid CO2 via a dedicated line 5 at the same time, is also illustrated. Hence, Figure 1 illustrates the vessel and its operation in one end of the transport route. 5 On Figure 2 the vessel and its operation in another end of the transport route is illustrated, more specific at a power work where the vessel loads liquid CO2 and unloads
LPG and condensate.
By operation of the vessel in accordance with the Figures 1 and 2 increased market value is achieved from the gas field in that also the heavier gas components are 30 produced, CO2 is deposited such that contribution is given to meet the obligations of the
Kyoto agreement and maintenance of the reservoir pressure, and the operator of the vessel can transport a valuable load both transport ways.
With LPG is meant liquidized petroleum gas that has to be cooled to a temperature below normal ambient temperature and/or be kept under pressure higher than 35 the atmospheric pressure t exist as a stable liquid.
With condensate is meant the liquid components condensed from gas, and optionally smaller amounts of the components that in liquid form have been associated wit the gas, which condensate exists as a stable liquid at normal ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. With CO2 is meant in substance CO2, in such extent that the disturbing influence of further components is avoided.
The general construction or design of the vessel hull is preferably in agreement with the patent publication NO 2001 1982. Thereby the vessel has double hull with a central loading area along the longitudinal axis of the vessel, between two longitudinal running outer bulk heads, preferably with loading tanks arranged in a row central along the longitudinal axis of the central loading area, and with side tanks or wing tanks symmetrically between said bulkheads and the outer double hull walls. Thereby the vessel is comprising for example 8 tanks arranged along the central axis of the ship, which tanks have construction and equipment that allows anyone of the actual types of load, and tanks ' for condensate or another liquid stable at atmospheric pressure along each side of the vessel. Reference is made to the above mentioned patent publication for further description.
Preferably an arrangement is provided for fluid communication between tanks, preferably with double valve segregation.
The vessel can in general be constructed freely under the condition that the functions that are to be operated are maintained. The tanks can in principle take any form and be of any number, provided that the function of the vessel is maintained.
With respect to tanks in the vessel the condensate tanks can be dimensioned for atmospheric pressure and atmospheric temperature, LPG-tanks can be dimensioned for minimum 3 bar operating pressure and maximum -30 °C operating temperature, while CO2 tanks can be dimensioned for minimum 5.3 bar operating pressure and maximum -50 °C operating temperature. Thereby formation of gas or dry ice is avoided.
Most preferable tanks for any type of load are designed and equipped to maintain a loading temperature of -50 °C or lower and a pressure of minimum 8 bar. In a preferred embodiment all loading tanks of the vessel are according to said requirement, whereby all tanks can handle all actual types of load. The tanks are conveniently constructed with outer isolation over a shell of austenitic stainless steel or another material not susceptible to brittle cracking at the actual cooling, with a cooling jacket between said isolation and shell, and optionally with means for cooling in the tanks.
In a preferred embodiment each tank intended for any actual type of load has the form of a cylinder with circular cross-section with a half sphere formed upper end and a half sphere formed lower end, wherein each tank is arranged standing vertical in the vessel with the upper end above the deck level of the vessel. Typical dimensions will be: inner diameter 8-10 m and height 15-20 . Such tank design gives a preferable large storage volume with respect to wall thickness and weight of a tank.
In a preferred embodiment of the vessel all the tanks are formed as a vertical standing cylinder of circular cross-section and half sphere formed ends, of which the tanks arranged along the longitudinal axis of the vessel extend to over deck level while side tanks or wing tanks are completely below deck level synxmetrically arranged around the longitudinal axis of the vessel. Thereby large loading volume and good stability are achieved.
All types of load are present as liquid and are loaded and unloaded by use of pipes, connections, valves and pumps. Preferably sinking pumps are used in the tanks to ensure good emptying. Provided that the tanks and equipment for loading and unloading are formed such that good emptying is achieved, it is not expected any problems by changing from one type of load to another in a tank.
Preferably the vessel has two independent cooling systems or cooling loops, with cooling to tanks, optionally to equipment for loading and unloading, and to the separation unit. To avoid degassing or formation of dry ice, the loading and unloading equipment, tanks and the cooling parts of the separation unit are preferably cooled in advance before introducing LPG or CO2 into tanks and CO2 into the heat exchanger of the separation unit. The inflow of wet gas to the vessel is at a typical pressure of 200-300 bar and a typical temperature of 100 °C .
The separation unit of the vessel is constructed such that it functions by expansion and pressure relief combined with cooling. Preferably the cooling is completely or in part provided with heat exchange with relatively cold liquid CO2 in a CO2 flow that is unloaded to another unit, which liquid CO -flow that is unloaded is counter current to the inflow to the separation unit. This is indicated on Figure 1 by conducting the CO2-flow 5 through a part of the separation unit 6. Flow loops of liquid CO2 for cooling in addition to the flow that is provided at unloading, can be arranged.
Preferably the separation unit of the vessel contains equipment for temperature controlled heat exchange with liquid CO2 such that the temperature of the liquid CO is maintained below a predetermined maximum upper value. Thereby the formation of dry ice or CO2-gas in the heat exchanger can be avoided.
To avoid formation of dry ice or CO2-gas in the heat exchanger preferably the heat exchanger is cooled in advance by use of the cooling system and or liquid CO2 before the inlet flow to the separation unit gradually is opened. With the present invention also a vessel is provided, which in principle is corresponding to the vessel described above, except that the vessel is without a separation unit.
Reference is made to the figures, which in addition to additional features illustrate features for said vessel. The additional vessel is distinguished in that it is comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks 2 for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks 3 for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid, and equipment to load liquid CO2, one or more tanks 4 for stable storage of liquid CO2 under transport, and equipment 5 to load liquid CO2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir.
The additional vessel cannot be connected to a gas field to separate out and load heavy gas components such as LPG and condensate, but can load LPG, condensate or another liquid that is stable at atmospheric pressure where such load is available separated and ready for shipping. An actual transport way is to load liquid CO2 from a gas work (for example Skogn, in Trondheimsfjorden, Mid-Norway), deliver said liquid CO at a LNG- plant (for example Snøhvit) for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir, load LPG and condensate from said LNG-plant, and deliver said LPG and condensate at said gas work or another location, and reload liquid CO2 from the gas work. The additional vessel according to the invention has the same preferred embodiments and preferable features as those described for the previously described vessel, to the extent the vessels have similar design.
With the present invention also a system for energy production without emission of CO2 to the atmosphere is provided, distinguished in that it is comprising one or more sources to hydrocarbons, one or more vessels, and optionally other transport units, for transport of said hydrocarbons to one or more power plants where energy is produced by combusting said hydrocarbons, and one or more sources to CO2 that can be transported by the one or more vessels and optionally other transport units to one or more receiving stations for CO2 for subsequent injection of CO2 into the underground.
Preferably the source of the system for hydrocarbons and the receiving station for CO2 for subsequent injection of CO2 into the underground is one or more gas fields or facilities connected thereto, for example processing facilities. Thereby a short transport route is achieved in that loading of hydrocarbons and unloading of CO2 for subsequent underground injection takes place at the same location, in addition to that injection of CO2 into the gas field reservoir contributes to maintenance of reservoir pressure. Preferably the source to CO2 is the combustion at the one or more power plants, naturally occurring CO2 in said sources for hydrocarbons, and optionally additional sources such as refineries and industrial installations. Preferably CO2 is present as liquid before transport, whereby the transport volume is reduced. However, CO2 can also be transported and injected in form of gas. Naturally occurring CO2 amongst said sources for hydrocarbons can exist in mixture with said hydrocarbons, and can be transported in mixture with said hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are then combusted for energy production in the one or more power plants, whereafter all CO2 is liquidized. If the CO2- admixture into the hydrocarbons is very high, a part of the CO2 can be separated out before said combustion or additional hydrocarbons can be admixed.
Preferably, the vessels as described above, with embodiments as described, are utilized for the system according to the present invention.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. Vessel (1) comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks (2) for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks (3) for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload said condensate or liquid, characterized in that the vessel further is comprising: equipment to load liquid CO2, one or more tanks (4) for stable storage of liquid CO2 under transport, and equipment (5) to unload liquid CO2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir, and a separation unit (6) capable to receive a flow (7) of wet gas and condensate for separation into LPG, condensate and dry gas, such that LPG and condensate can be passed to respective tanks (2, 3) in the vessel and dry gas (8) can be passed from the vessel to another unit.
2. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is comprising 8 tanks arranged along the central axis of the vessel, which tanks have construction and equipment that allow any of the actual types of load, and tanks along each of the sides of the vessel for condensate or another liquid that is stable at atmospheric pressure.
3. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that all loading tanks have construction and equipment to keep a load temperature of -50 °C or lower and a load pressure of minimum 8 bar.
4. Vessel according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that all loading tanks are formed as a cylinder of circular cross-section with a half sphere formed upper end and a half sphere formed lower end, wherein tanks arranged along the longitudinal axis of the vessel extend to over deck level of the vessel, while side tanks or wing tanks are completely below deck level of the vessel and are symmetrically arranged around the longitudinal axis of the vessel.
5. Vessel according to claiml, characterized in that the separation unit is constructed such that it functions by expansion and pressure relief combined with cooling.
6. ' Vessel according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the cooling completely or partly is provided by heat exchange with relatively cold liquid CO2 in a CO -flow that is unloaded to another unit, which liquid CO2-flow that is unloaded flows counter current to the inflow to the separation unit.
7. Vessel according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that the separation unit of the vessel contains equipment for temperature controlled heat exchange with liquid CO2 such that the temperature of the liquid CO2 is kept below a predetermined maximum upper value.
8. Vessel, characterized in that it is comprising: equipment to load LPG, one or more tanks (2) for stable storage of LPG under transport, and equipment to unload LPG, equipment to load condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure, one or more tanks (3) for storage of said condensate or liquid under transport, and equipment to unload such condensate or liquid, and equipment to load liquid CO2, one or more tanks (4) for stable storage of liquid CO2 under transport, and equipment (5) to unload liquid CO2 to another unit, for example for subsequent injection into an underground reservoir.
9. Vessel according to claim 8, characterized in that it is comprising 8 tanks arranged along the central axis of the vessel, which tanks have construction and equipment that allow any of the actual types of load, and tanks along each side of the vessel for condensate or another liquid that is stable under atmospheric pressure.
10. Vessel according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that all loading tanks have construction and equipment to keep a load temperature of -50 °C or lower and a load pressure of minimum 8 bar.
11. System for energy production without emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, characterized in that it is comprising one or more sources for hydrocarbons, one or more vessels, and optionally other transport units, for transport of said hydrocarbons to one or more power plants where energy is produced by combusting said hydrocarbons, and one or more sources for CO2 that can be transported by the one or more vessels and optionally other transport units to one or more receiving stations for CO2 for subsequent injection of CO2 into the underground.
12. System according to claim 11 , characterized in that the source for hydrocarbons and the receiving station for CO for subsequent injection of CO2 into the underground, is one or more gas fields or facilities connected thereto.
13. System according to claim 11 , characterized in that the source for CO2 is the combustion at the one or more power plants, naturally occurring CO2 in said sources for hydrocarbons, and optionally additional sources such as refineries and industrial installations.
14. System according to claim 11 , characterized in that the vessel is chosen from the group consisting of the vessel of claim 1 and the vessel of claim 8.
PCT/NO2002/000442 2001-12-03 2002-11-26 Vessel for transport of lpg and liquid co2 and system for energy production without emission of co2 to the atmosphere WO2003066423A1 (en)

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