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WO2003001621A2 - Plaque bipolaire destinee a une cellule electrochimique - Google Patents

Plaque bipolaire destinee a une cellule electrochimique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003001621A2
WO2003001621A2 PCT/DE2002/001733 DE0201733W WO03001621A2 WO 2003001621 A2 WO2003001621 A2 WO 2003001621A2 DE 0201733 W DE0201733 W DE 0201733W WO 03001621 A2 WO03001621 A2 WO 03001621A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
bipolar plate
fuel cell
distribution channel
supply
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/001733
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003001621A3 (fr
Inventor
Andrei Kulikovsky
Hendrik Dohle
Alexei Kornyshev
Jürgen Mergel
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2003001621A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003001621A2/fr
Publication of WO2003001621A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003001621A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, in particular for a low-temperature fuel cell.
  • Low-temperature fuel cells such as the hydrogen fuel cell or the direct methanol fuel cell, regularly require an even supply of operating materials.
  • this includes the fuel, for example H or
  • Methanol or a methanol-water mixture
  • the oxidizing agent for example air or oxygen.
  • a uniform distribution of the operating materials can be achieved by using a bipolar plate with a channel structure or with a meandering structure.
  • a bipolar plate in which a meandering channel is formed. This type of bipolar plate ensures good uniform distribution of the operating materials on the electrode surface both at low flow rates (part-load operation) and at high flow rates (full-load operation).
  • a gas distributer design for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells J. Electrochem. Soc, Vol. 143, No. 5, L103-L105 (1996) a gas distribution system with comb-like and interlocking inlet and outlet channels, which are closed at their ends, is known. The operating medium is distributed in the inlet channels closed at their ends, flows to the end thereof, and is guided to a porous electrode. A comparatively large pressure difference is built up between the inlet channels and the outlet channels, and the operating medium or the reaction product flows through a diffusion layer of the electrode bordering the bipolar plate.
  • a homogeneous moistening of the membrane represents a problem that has not yet been finally resolved, since only this ensures the effective transport of the ions.
  • this is done regularly when using methanol, a methanol-water mixture or humidified hydrogen.
  • the use of non-humidified gases can disadvantageously dry out individual membrane areas.
  • a disadvantage of the bipolar plates on the oxidizing agent side cited in the prior art is not regularly the problem of solving the water accumulating in the channels to a sufficient extent.
  • water does not only escape on the cathode side. stands, but also from the anode side water by electro-osmosis through the membrane, or the electrolyte. If one channel is full, the flow resistance increases there and the flow switches to the other channels.
  • This disadvantageously creates an uneven distribution of the oxidizing agent within the fuel cell.
  • There is an inhibition of transport with regard to the oxidizing agent with the result that the performance and the efficiency of the fuel cell are adversely affected.
  • the object of the invention is to create a bipolar plate for a fuel cell with which inhomogeneous moistening of the membrane electrode unit is achieved
  • the bipolar plate for a fuel cell has at least one distribution channel for distributing an item of equipment via an electrode, a supply channel and a discharge channel, via which the item of equipment can be guided into or out of the distribution channel. Furthermore, the bipolar plate comprises at least one additional supply channel which opens directly into the distribution channel. This has the advantage that in the case of non-humidified gas as the operating material, the area or the length of the distribution channel on which the gas flowing through is relatively dry and thus disadvantageously leads to drying out of the membrane can be minimized. In the case of liquid fuels as operating resources, an additional inlet (feed) means that lower concentrations can advantageously be used.
  • One embodiment of the bipolar plate provides at least two further supply channels in the distribution channel. The more additional feeds are provided, the more even the moisture or Concentration curve of the equipment when using the bipolar plate in a fuel cell. Both of these advantageously result in improved performance.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment provides a meandering distribution channel.
  • In the case of direct methanol fuel cells for a bipolar plate often only one distribution channel in the form of a tightly wound meander is provided. Additional supply channels provided allow comparatively lower flow velocities to be set during the supply of the oxidizing agent during the operation of the fuel cell. The flow speed along the distribution channel then increases in the direction of flow due to the further feeds. Due to the increasing flow velocity at the end of the distribution channel, the product water formed is discharged from the distribution channel particularly effectively.
  • Figure 1 Exemplary embodiments of a bipolar plate according to the invention in supervision.
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the degree of moisture of an operating gas against the length of the distribution channel (in the direction of flow of the operating medium) using the example of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) cathode. Comparison of a single supply of the non-humidified gas and supply via two further feeds according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the concentration of a methanol-water mixture against the length of the distribution channel using the example of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) anode. Comparison between a single supply of the fuel and a supply via two further feeds according to the invention.
  • DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
  • FIG. 1 Two embodiments of a bipolar plate are shown in FIG.
  • the first has a meandering distribution channel 3 as well as a feed channel 1 and a discharge channel 2.
  • feed channels 4 are provided at two further locations.
  • the flow of the equipment for. B. a gas at the beginning of the distribution channel can be set lower.
  • the pressure is only a third of the pressure without further feed.
  • the equipment is thus distributed at a lower flow rate in the first part of the distribution channel.
  • the degree of moisture in the gas increases due to the chemical conversion due to the low flow velocity in the first part, much faster than without a further additional feed.
  • the flow velocity within the distribution channel increases to values that would have been set at the beginning in the case of no further feeds.
  • the gas inside the distribution channel is therefore more humid than without further feed. But this is advantageously a uniform achieved greater moistening of the membrane and, as a result, improved performance of the fuel cell.
  • Feed-in initially results in a kind of dilution effect, which is even more than compensated for in the further course.
  • the increasing flow velocity along the length of the distribution channel has the additional advantage that the product water formed is quickly removed from the distribution channel.
  • An additional feed also has a similar advantage on the anode side of a polymer membrane fuel cell (PEM), as is shown schematically in FIG.
  • PEM polymer membrane fuel cell
  • a methanol-water mixture with a concentration C max of methanol is used as fuel.
  • the chemical conversion of the fuel cell consumes methanol.
  • the concentration of methanol along the distribution channel drops significantly. This leads disadvantageously to an inhomogeneous implementation.
  • the concentration gradient along the distribution channel is significantly reduced, although overall lower methanol concentrations are used. As a result, such a fuel cell has a more homogeneous and thus improved performance profile.
  • a bipolar plate with the size 100 x 100 mm 2 is provided with a meander 3 with the geometric dimensions 1 x 1 x 1 mm 3 with a web width of 1 mm.
  • the meander 3 has three further supply bores (inlet channels) 4 through which the air can be guided into the meander 3.
  • the arrangement of the supply bores (feed channel 1 and additional feed channels 4) is such that the path length in the meander 3 from one feed bore to the next is the same.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire destinée à une cellule électrochimique, notamment à une cellule électrochimique basse température, comportant un canal de distribution (3) et un canal d'alimentation (1) et d'évacuation (2) aboutissant dans ledit canal de distribution, ainsi qu'au moins un canal d'alimentation ultérieur (4) permettant d'alimenter directement un fluide de fonctionnement dans la canal de distribution (3). Ainsi, il est possible d'améliorer le guidage du flux de fluide de fonctionnement. D'une part, la zone du canal de distribution menacée d'assèchement par du fluide de fonctionnement peu humide est réduite de manière régulière. D'autre part, l'émission d'eau de produit fabriquée est améliorée.
PCT/DE2002/001733 2001-06-21 2002-05-15 Plaque bipolaire destinee a une cellule electrochimique WO2003001621A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10129810A DE10129810A1 (de) 2001-06-21 2001-06-21 Bipolare Platte für eine Brennstoffzelle
DE10129810.2 2001-06-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003001621A2 true WO2003001621A2 (fr) 2003-01-03
WO2003001621A3 WO2003001621A3 (fr) 2003-10-16

Family

ID=7688879

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2002/001733 WO2003001621A2 (fr) 2001-06-21 2002-05-15 Plaque bipolaire destinee a une cellule electrochimique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10129810A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003001621A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007017115A1 (fr) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-15 Daimler Ag Pile a combustible pem dotee d'une chambre de chargement

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05159790A (ja) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-25 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池
FR2764443B1 (fr) * 1997-06-10 1999-09-03 Peugeot Pile a combustible du type a distributeurs de reactifs en forme de plaques
JP3980194B2 (ja) * 1998-09-10 2007-09-26 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池
US6015633A (en) * 1998-10-07 2000-01-18 Plug Power, L.L.C. Fluid flow plate for water management, method for fabricating same, and fuel cell employing same
DE10055253B4 (de) * 2000-11-08 2004-09-16 Daimlerchrysler Ag Brennstoffzellenstapel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007017115A1 (fr) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-15 Daimler Ag Pile a combustible pem dotee d'une chambre de chargement
JP2009503772A (ja) * 2005-07-27 2009-01-29 ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 充填チャンバーを備えたｐｅｍ燃料電池
US7811719B2 (en) 2005-07-27 2010-10-12 Daimler Ag PEM fuel cell with charging chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003001621A3 (fr) 2003-10-16
DE10129810A1 (de) 2003-01-09

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