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WO2003011127A1 - Appareil d'analyse de sang optoelectronique - Google Patents

Appareil d'analyse de sang optoelectronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003011127A1
WO2003011127A1 PCT/GB2002/003370 GB0203370W WO03011127A1 WO 2003011127 A1 WO2003011127 A1 WO 2003011127A1 GB 0203370 W GB0203370 W GB 0203370W WO 03011127 A1 WO03011127 A1 WO 03011127A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
frequencies
analytical apparatus
attenuation
photosensitive means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/003370
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Geoffrey Richard Mathews
Veronica Mary Mathews
Original Assignee
The Electrode Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Electrode Company Limited filed Critical The Electrode Company Limited
Publication of WO2003011127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003011127A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases

Definitions

  • Pulse oximetry is a widely used technique for determining the level of oxygen saturation of a subject's blood.
  • the technique involves measuring, at two or more pre- determined frequencies, the level of attenuation of light transmitted through or reflected from a human or animal body part (the transmission technique typically being applied to an ear lobe or finger) and comparing those measurements with pre- stored, experimentally and/or theoretically derived reference data to provide an estimate of the level of oxygen saturation
  • a typical pulse oximetry apparatus comprises a monitor and a sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of light emitters, such as a pair of light emitting diodes (LEDs) , for transmitting light, at red and infra-red frequencies respectively, through a body part .
  • a pair of light emitters such as a pair of light emitting diodes (LEDs)
  • an analytical apparatus comprising: a light source for transmitting light through a test medium at at least two different frequencies; means for calculating a ratio of the respective levels of attenuation of the light transmitted through the test medium at each of said two frequencies; a memory storing, for different combinations of transmission frequencies, experimentally and/or theoretically derived reference data corresponding to different attenuation ratios at those frequencies; and photosensitive means, preferably a spectrometer, for measuring at least one parameter of the light emitted by the light source to obtain appropriate data from the memory.
  • the photosensitive means are used to identify said two frequencies from respective peaks in the spectrum of the light emitted by the light source, to obtain, from the memory, stored data corresponding to the calculated attenuation ratios at the two frequencies identified.
  • the apparatus does not require means for varying the drive current applied to the light source to adjust the frequency of the light emitted therefrom.
  • the level of attenuation of the light emitted at each of said two frequencies may be measured either by the photosensitive means or by some further photosensitive means, such as one or more photodiodes.
  • the photosensitive means may be arranged to receive light from the light source, either before or after that light has been transmitted through the test medium.
  • the light source preferably comprises a pair of light emitters, such as a pair of light emitting diodes, arranged to emit light at the first and the second of said two frequencies respectively.
  • the light source is arranged to emit a range of frequencies of light
  • the photosensitive means are used to measure the level of attenuation of the light emitted at each of two chosen frequencies within that range, to obtain, from the memory, stored data corresponding to the calculated attenuation ratios at each of the chosen frequencies .
  • the light source may comprise a plurality of light emitters, such as a pair of light emitting diodes, arranged to emit light at the first and the second of said two frequencies respectively.
  • a single light emitter e.g. a white- light emitter
  • the test medium comprises a human or animal body part and the apparatus is arranged such that the attenuation ratio is calculated from attenuation measurements taken over a period of time (to take into account the pulsatile nature of the subject's oxygenated arterial blood flow), the stored data preferably comprising a set of experimentally and/or theoretically derived values of the level of oxygenation of the subject's blood.
  • Conventional pulse oximetry apparatus assume a substantially uniform rate of venous blood flow when deriving an estimate of blood oxygenation. However, it can be shown that, in certain circumstances, venous blood flow can have a pulsatile component which can effect the accuracy of the blood oxygenation estimate.
  • the undesirable influence of noise factors, such as pulsatile or irregular venous blood flow, on the analytical accuracy of the apparatus is preferably reduced by measuring the level of light attenuation at at least one reference frequency, in addition to said two frequencies .
  • attenuation measurements may also or otherwise be taken at more than said, two frequencies, to simultaneously identify and/or quantify a plurality of constituents of the test medium which, with a subject's blood as the test medium, might include carboxyhaemoglobin, bilirubin, methaemoglobin or sickle-cell haemoglobin.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of analytical apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the level of oxygen saturation of a subject's blood and a ratio of the levels of attenuation of light transmitted through a body part from red and infra-red light emitters respectively.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of analytical apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of analytical apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of analytical apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • an analytical apparatus comprising a pair of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 2,4 arranged to transmit red and infra-red light respectively, through a subject's finger 6, to a photo-detector (PD) 8.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • PD photo-detector
  • the PD 8 provides, as output, respective measurements corresponding to the levels of attenuation of the red and infra-red light through the finger 6.
  • Processing means (not shown) derive a ratio of the two attenuation measurements and obtain from a memory a pre-stored, experimentally and/or theoretically derived estimate of the level of oxygen saturation (Sa0 2 ) of the subject's blood for that particular attenuation ratio.
  • reference data is stored for only a single pair of emission frequencies.
  • Figure 2 shows a set of standard reference data, in the form of a so- called R-curve, relating blood oxygen content to the attenuation of red and infra-red light at frequencies of 665nm and 900nm respectively.
  • the apparatus of Figure 1 overcomes this problem by storing respective R-curves for a large variety of combinations of red and infra-red frequencies and by providing a miniature spectrometer 10 for analyzing the spectrum of the light transmitted by the two LEDs 2,4, to select an appropriate R- curve for those LEDs .
  • a portion of the light emitted by the LEDs 2,4 is collected prior to being transmitted through the subject's finger 6 and channeled to the spectrometer 10 by a fibre-optic light guide 12.
  • the apparatus of Figure 3 operates in substantially the same manner as that of Figure 1, except that the fibre-optic light guide 12 is instead arranged to collect a portion of the light which has already passed through the subject's finger 6, thereby taking into account any scattering of the light which might occur as the light travels through the finger.
  • the spectrometer 10 serves both to select an appropriate R-curve (according to the respective emission frequencies of the two LEDs 2,4) and to provide measurements of the respective levels of attenuation at each of those frequencies, for obtaining an appropriate estimate of blood oxygenation from the selected curve.
  • the red and infra-red LEDs 2,4 are replaced by a single, large-bandwidth light- emitter 14 and the spectrometer 10 serves to provide attenuation measurements at any two chosen frequencies within that bandwidth, which measurements may then be used to obtain a blood oxygenation estimate from an R-curve stored in memory for the chosen frequencies.
  • the analytical apparatus thus described do not require any complicated feedback means for controlling the frequencies of light emitted by their light emitters and can each be used to obtain light attenuation measurements over a range of frequencies using one or more light emitter (s) .

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention porte sur un appareil analytique comprenant : une source de lumière (2, 4) servant à émettre de la lumière à travers un milieu d'essai (6) ; une mémoire servant à stocker des données de référence ; et un élément photosensible (10) servant à mesurer au moins un paramètre de la lumière émise par la source de lumière (2, 4) afin d'obtenir des données adéquates à partir de la mémoire.
PCT/GB2002/003370 2001-08-02 2002-07-23 Appareil d'analyse de sang optoelectronique WO2003011127A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0118966A GB2382406B (en) 2001-08-02 2001-08-02 Analytical apparatus
GB0118966.1 2001-08-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003011127A1 true WO2003011127A1 (fr) 2003-02-13

Family

ID=9919756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2002/003370 WO2003011127A1 (fr) 2001-08-02 2002-07-23 Appareil d'analyse de sang optoelectronique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2382406B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003011127A1 (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7477924B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-01-13 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7483731B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-01-27 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7486979B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-02-03 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Optically aligned pulse oximetry sensor and technique for using the same
US7499740B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2009-03-03 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Techniques for detecting heart pulses and reducing power consumption in sensors
US7522948B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-04-21 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7555327B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-06-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Folding medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7574245B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2009-08-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Flexible medical sensor enclosure
US7574244B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2009-08-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Compliant diaphragm medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7590439B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2009-09-15 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Bi-stable medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7684842B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2010-03-23 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc System and method for preventing sensor misuse
US8219170B2 (en) 2006-09-20 2012-07-10 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc System and method for practicing spectrophotometry using light emitting nanostructure devices
US8265724B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2012-09-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Cancellation of light shunting
US8280469B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2012-10-02 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Method for detection of aberrant tissue spectra
US8600469B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2013-12-03 Covidien Lp Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US8965473B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2015-02-24 Covidien Lp Medical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the same
US9010634B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2015-04-21 Covidien Lp System and method for linking patient data to a patient and providing sensor quality assurance
US9066660B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2015-06-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland Systems and methods for high-pass filtering a photoplethysmograph signal
WO2017129633A1 (fr) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 Prediktor Medical As Étalonnage de la sortie d'une diode électroluminescente
US9895068B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2018-02-20 Covidien Lp Pulse oximeter with wait-time indication
CN110811639A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-21 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 总胆红素检测贴片及总胆红素检测系统

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US4913150A (en) * 1986-08-18 1990-04-03 Physio-Control Corporation Method and apparatus for the automatic calibration of signals employed in oximetry
US5522388A (en) * 1993-09-22 1996-06-04 Kowa Company Ltd. Pulse spectrometer
WO1998034097A1 (fr) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 University College London Determination du rapport des coefficients d'absorption a differentes longueurs d'ondes dans un milieu diffusant
US5987343A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-11-16 Datascope Investment Corp. Method for storing pulse oximetry sensor characteristics
US6226540B1 (en) * 1995-12-13 2001-05-01 Peter Bernreuter Measuring process for blood gas analysis sensors

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DE3938759A1 (de) * 1989-11-23 1991-05-29 Philips Patentverwaltung Nichtinvasive oximeteranordnung
JP3364819B2 (ja) * 1994-04-28 2003-01-08 日本光電工業株式会社 血中吸光物質濃度測定装置
US5553613A (en) * 1994-08-17 1996-09-10 Pfizer Inc. Non invasive blood analyte sensor
EP1214577A1 (fr) * 1999-08-31 2002-06-19 CME Telemetrix Inc. Procede de determination d'analytes au moyen d'un spectre en proche infrarouge, d'un spectre visible adjacent et de longueurs d'ondes distinctes de spectre en proche infrarouge

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4913150A (en) * 1986-08-18 1990-04-03 Physio-Control Corporation Method and apparatus for the automatic calibration of signals employed in oximetry
US5522388A (en) * 1993-09-22 1996-06-04 Kowa Company Ltd. Pulse spectrometer
US6226540B1 (en) * 1995-12-13 2001-05-01 Peter Bernreuter Measuring process for blood gas analysis sensors
WO1998034097A1 (fr) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 University College London Determination du rapport des coefficients d'absorption a differentes longueurs d'ondes dans un milieu diffusant
US5987343A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-11-16 Datascope Investment Corp. Method for storing pulse oximetry sensor characteristics

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MC GRAW D. J.: "HOW LED WAVELENGTH EFFECTS ACCURACY IN PULSE OXIMETRY", OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS ON BIOMEDICAL OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AND DIAGNOSTICS, vol. 3, 20 March 1996 (1996-03-20) - 22 March 1996 (1996-03-22), ORLANDO, FL, USA, pages 76 - 82, XP008011148 *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7499740B2 (en) 2004-02-25 2009-03-03 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Techniques for detecting heart pulses and reducing power consumption in sensors
US7574244B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2009-08-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Compliant diaphragm medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7590439B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2009-09-15 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Bi-stable medical sensor and technique for using the same
US8965473B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2015-02-24 Covidien Lp Medical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the same
US8600469B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2013-12-03 Covidien Lp Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7483731B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-01-27 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7486979B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-02-03 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Optically aligned pulse oximetry sensor and technique for using the same
US7555327B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2009-06-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Folding medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7522948B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-04-21 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US7477924B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2009-01-13 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Medical sensor and technique for using the same
US8219170B2 (en) 2006-09-20 2012-07-10 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc System and method for practicing spectrophotometry using light emitting nanostructure devices
US7574245B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2009-08-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Flexible medical sensor enclosure
US8315685B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2012-11-20 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Flexible medical sensor enclosure
US7684842B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2010-03-23 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc System and method for preventing sensor misuse
US8280469B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2012-10-02 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Method for detection of aberrant tissue spectra
US8265724B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2012-09-11 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Cancellation of light shunting
US9895068B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2018-02-20 Covidien Lp Pulse oximeter with wait-time indication
US9010634B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2015-04-21 Covidien Lp System and method for linking patient data to a patient and providing sensor quality assurance
US9066660B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2015-06-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland Systems and methods for high-pass filtering a photoplethysmograph signal
US9649071B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2017-05-16 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland Systems and methods for high-pass filtering a photoplethysmograph signal
WO2017129633A1 (fr) * 2016-01-25 2017-08-03 Prediktor Medical As Étalonnage de la sortie d'une diode électroluminescente
CN107926093A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2018-04-17 普雷迪科特医疗有限公司 校准发光二极管的输出
CN107926093B (zh) * 2016-01-25 2020-10-30 普雷迪科特医疗有限公司 在光电传感器中校准发光二极管的输出强度的方法及设备
CN110811639A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-21 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 总胆红素检测贴片及总胆红素检测系统
CN110811639B (zh) * 2019-11-06 2023-11-21 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 总胆红素检测贴片及总胆红素检测系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2382406A (en) 2003-05-28
GB2382406B (en) 2005-04-20
GB0118966D0 (en) 2001-09-26

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