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WO2003031812A1 - Dry sump lubrication system with removable oil reservoir for wind turbine gearbox - Google Patents

Dry sump lubrication system with removable oil reservoir for wind turbine gearbox Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003031812A1
WO2003031812A1 PCT/IB2002/004375 IB0204375W WO03031812A1 WO 2003031812 A1 WO2003031812 A1 WO 2003031812A1 IB 0204375 W IB0204375 W IB 0204375W WO 03031812 A1 WO03031812 A1 WO 03031812A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear unit
oil
reservoir
fact
unit according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2002/004375
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Flamang
Warren Smook
Original Assignee
Hansen Transmissions International Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hansen Transmissions International Nv filed Critical Hansen Transmissions International Nv
Priority to US10/491,668 priority Critical patent/US20050034925A1/en
Publication of WO2003031812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003031812A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0402Cleaning of lubricants, e.g. filters or magnets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00Transmission of mechanical power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/041Combinations of toothed gearings only for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps; Pressure control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/40Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H1/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gear unit and particularly but not exclusively to a gear unit for a wind turbine.
  • a basic characteristic of a planetary gear stage is that it can contain only a very limited quantity of oil. A minimum quantity of oil however is required in the lubrication system of the gear unit to ensure that the oil does not degrade too fast and oil change intervals are maximized.
  • gear unit housing As the oil reservoir : the oil is continuously churned around which leads to efficiency losses and high cold-start torques, as well as possibly faster oxidation because of a more intense contact of the oil with air, foam building that can disturb lubrication systems and for instance oil level alarms, etceteras.
  • Gear units typically contain several oil pockets that are hard to flush when the oil is changed. Also, contamination of the oil bath due to a failing component may easily lead to consequential damage of other components as the particles from the failing component are coming in the common oil sump of the gear unit.
  • the present invention provides a novel solution for the specific problems mentioned above.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to completely eliminate the oil sump in the gear unit.
  • a seperate oil reservoir is installed, from which well conditioned (cooled and filtered) oil is fed to the gear unit.
  • central lubrication systems exist that provide oil for instance to different gear units in the same plant or even to a single gear unit, these gear units mostly still also need to enjoy the benefit of their own oil baths.
  • external oil reservoirs which in general would be regarded as contrary to the objective of compactness, is not known in wind turbine gear unit design.
  • Eliminating the oil bath in the gear unit as a whole however can solve a number of the issues mentioned above.
  • the uncoupling of the gear unit lubrication circuit from the oil conditioning circuit by means of an external oil reservoir moreover simplifies the monitoring of the oil conditioning equipment itself, such as oil heaters, cooling systems and filter systems.
  • the gear unit is constructed in such a way that the main gear stages are forming seperate modules, each of which receives fresh conditioned oil from the lubrication system and returns the used oil seperately to the external oil reservoir.
  • This has the advantage that contaminating particles in one of the modules, for instance created by a failing component or by external factors such as dirt or water accumulation, are not allowed to contaminate the other modules, but are intercepted by the separate oil conditioning system of the reservoir.
  • Each of the return lines can be provided with a debris trap device for instance by means of a transparent small reservoir provided with a magnet and allowing visual inspection of the presence of particles or debris.
  • the present invention also proposes to use an oil reservoir that can be easily removed from the nacelle and replaced by another fresh oil reservoir that contains well conditioned oil.
  • This exchange may include the most important parts of the oil conditioning unit such as heaters, coolers and filtration systems.
  • the lubrication system thus receives a complete "reset" at any oil change, removing all possibly accumulated dirt or debris and also avoiding time consuming flushing of oil tanks on-board of the nacelle. Against a background of a growing off-shore market for wind turbines that are even more difficult to service, this may be a large advantage.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of cross-section of a gear unit and plural lubrication circuits A, B, C and each serving a different module of the gear unit.
  • the shown gear unit consists of three modules comprising two planetary gear stages 1 and 2 and a helical high speed gear stage 3.
  • the wind turbine rotor bearing arrangement is integrated in the gear unit.
  • Fresh oil is fed from the external reservoir 4 by means a pump 6 and via a flow distributor 7 to the three different modules of the gear unit, and returned from these modules back to the reservoir.
  • the reservoir is provided with a separate oil conditioning circuit 5.
  • the invention with a dry sump offers the additional advantage that the sealing arrangement which has to be provided at a very large diameter, does not have to seal of against any hydrostatic pressure that would be present in case of an oil sump, and can therefore be based on non-contacting sealing principles.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A gear unit for use in wind turbine applications has a dry sump and is lubricated from an external reservoir whereby routine oil change may be undertaken by removing an external reservoir containing used oil and replacing it by a reservoir containing fresh oil.

Description

DRY SUMP LUBRICATION SYSTEM WITH REMOVABLE OIL RESERVOIR FOR WIND TURBINE GEARBOX
The present invention relates to a gear unit and particularly but not exclusively to a gear unit for a wind turbine.
Because of their position high up in the nacelle, a key success factor of gear units for wind turbines is to provide low weight and compactness. This has lead in the last decade to the quasi general introduction of planetary low speed gear stages for gear units in the power range beyond 500 kW and is now, in the development of multi-MegaWatt turbines, leading to more and more gear units with planetary low speed and intermediate gear stages.
This evolution is leading to new challenges for the designers of such turbines.
A basic characteristic of a planetary gear stage is that it can contain only a very limited quantity of oil. A minimum quantity of oil however is required in the lubrication system of the gear unit to ensure that the oil does not degrade too fast and oil change intervals are maximized.
At the same time, requiring large oil quantities complicates oil changes on top of the nacelle due to cost and time involved in the transport of oil barrels, draining and filling of the gear unit
By the nature of its construction, there are several disadvantages to using the gear unit housing as the oil reservoir : the oil is continuously churned around which leads to efficiency losses and high cold-start torques, as well as possibly faster oxidation because of a more intense contact of the oil with air, foam building that can disturb lubrication systems and for instance oil level alarms, etceteras. ' Gear units typically contain several oil pockets that are hard to flush when the oil is changed. Also, contamination of the oil bath due to a failing component may easily lead to consequential damage of other components as the particles from the failing component are coming in the common oil sump of the gear unit.
The present invention provides a novel solution for the specific problems mentioned above.
The basic idea of the present invention is to completely eliminate the oil sump in the gear unit. A seperate oil reservoir is installed, from which well conditioned (cooled and filtered) oil is fed to the gear unit. Although central lubrication systems exist that provide oil for instance to different gear units in the same plant or even to a single gear unit, these gear units mostly still also need to enjoy the benefit of their own oil baths. Also the use of external oil reservoirs, which in general would be regarded as contrary to the objective of compactness, is not known in wind turbine gear unit design.
Eliminating the oil bath in the gear unit as a whole however can solve a number of the issues mentioned above. The uncoupling of the gear unit lubrication circuit from the oil conditioning circuit by means of an external oil reservoir moreover simplifies the monitoring of the oil conditioning equipment itself, such as oil heaters, cooling systems and filter systems.
As a further part of this invention, the gear unit is constructed in such a way that the main gear stages are forming seperate modules, each of which receives fresh conditioned oil from the lubrication system and returns the used oil seperately to the external oil reservoir. This has the advantage that contaminating particles in one of the modules, for instance created by a failing component or by external factors such as dirt or water accumulation, are not allowed to contaminate the other modules, but are intercepted by the separate oil conditioning system of the reservoir.
Each of the return lines can be provided with a debris trap device for instance by means of a transparent small reservoir provided with a magnet and allowing visual inspection of the presence of particles or debris.
Furthermore, the present invention also proposes to use an oil reservoir that can be easily removed from the nacelle and replaced by another fresh oil reservoir that contains well conditioned oil. This exchange may include the most important parts of the oil conditioning unit such as heaters, coolers and filtration systems. The lubrication system thus receives a complete "reset" at any oil change, removing all possibly accumulated dirt or debris and also avoiding time consuming flushing of oil tanks on-board of the nacelle. Against a background of a growing off-shore market for wind turbines that are even more difficult to service, this may be a large advantage.
A particulary interesting embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1 which shows a schematic diagram of cross-section of a gear unit and plural lubrication circuits A, B, C and each serving a different module of the gear unit.
The shown gear unit consists of three modules comprising two planetary gear stages 1 and 2 and a helical high speed gear stage 3. The wind turbine rotor bearing arrangement is integrated in the gear unit. Fresh oil is fed from the external reservoir 4 by means a pump 6 and via a flow distributor 7 to the three different modules of the gear unit, and returned from these modules back to the reservoir. The reservoir is provided with a separate oil conditioning circuit 5.
For this particular construction, the invention with a dry sump offers the additional advantage that the sealing arrangement which has to be provided at a very large diameter, does not have to seal of against any hydrostatic pressure that would be present in case of an oil sump, and can therefore be based on non-contacting sealing principles.

Claims

1. Gear unit for use in wind turbine applications characterised by the fact that the gear unit has a dry sump and is lubricated from an external reservoir
2. Gear unit according to claim 1 characterised by the fact that the gear unit consist of several modules each of which receives fresh oil from the lubrication system and returns the used oil to the external reservoir.
3. Gear unit according to claim 1 and 2 characterised by the fact that each return line is equipped with a debris trap device allowing evaluation of each of the modules.
4. Gear unit according to claim 1 characterised by the fact that the regular oil change is carried out by removing the complete external oil reservoir and replacing it with a fresh oil reservoir
5. Gear unit according to claim 3 characterised by the fact that not only the oil reservoir is exchanged at the time of oil change, but also a number of dedicated parts of the oil conditioning system attached to the reservoir.
6. Gear unit according to claim 1 and 2 characterised by the fact that the gear unit comprises an integrated wind turbine rotor bearing arrangement that is also lubricated with fresh oil from the same reservoir.
7. Gear unit according to claim 5 characterised by the fact that the gear unit is sealed at a large diameter by a sealing arrangement whose function is based on non contacting sealing principles.
PCT/IB2002/004375 2001-10-05 2002-10-04 Dry sump lubrication system with removable oil reservoir for wind turbine gearbox WO2003031812A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/491,668 US20050034925A1 (en) 2001-10-05 2002-10-04 Dry sump lubrication system with removable oil reservoir for wind turbine gearbox

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0123973.0 2001-10-05
GB0123973A GB2382117B (en) 2001-10-05 2001-10-05 Wind turbine gear unit lubrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003031812A1 true WO2003031812A1 (en) 2003-04-17

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Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20050034925A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2382117B (en)
WO (1) WO2003031812A1 (en)

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