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WO2003038138A1 - Raffinage et equipement de coulee non ferreuse - Google Patents

Raffinage et equipement de coulee non ferreuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003038138A1
WO2003038138A1 PCT/CN2002/000741 CN0200741W WO03038138A1 WO 2003038138 A1 WO2003038138 A1 WO 2003038138A1 CN 0200741 W CN0200741 W CN 0200741W WO 03038138 A1 WO03038138 A1 WO 03038138A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ferrous metal
vacuum
purification
chamber
melting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000741
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Desheng Huang
Original Assignee
Desheng Huang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Desheng Huang filed Critical Desheng Huang
Publication of WO2003038138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003038138A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/068—Obtaining aluminium refining handling in vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for purifying a non-ferrous metal melt, in particular to an aluminum for purifying impurities such as hydrogen, oxides and other harmful substances in the molten aluminum liquid, purifying the aluminum liquid, and ensuring the quality and performance of the casting. Purification and refining method of molten metal, and equipment designed to realize the purification method. Background technique
  • the traditional treatment method is to directly pass a purification gas such as nitrogen, argon, chlorine or a refining agent to the bottom of the molten aluminum in the melting furnace.
  • a purification gas such as nitrogen, argon, chlorine or a refining agent
  • the purification bubbles generated rise upward, the impurities in the molten aluminum, including hydrogen and hydrogen, are captured and captured along the way. Oxidation slag, bring them to the aluminum surface, hydrogen escapes from the surface of the molten aluminum, and the oxide slag is raked out of the furnace.
  • This method is inefficient, uneven, and labor-intensive.
  • relevant purification equipment came into being. More famously, there are FILD in Britain, ALPUR in France, HM-MAXIJET in Germany, ALCOA, SNIF, PAL and so on.
  • HM-MAXIJET, ALPUR or PAL their have one thing in common, that is, they use traditional processing methods to pass nitrogen, chlorine, argon and other gases to the bottom of the aluminum solution to form large and small Bubbles, adsorb hydrogen and impurities suspended in aluminum solution, take them on aluminum and use graphite nitrogen diffusion tube buried in the bottom of the furnace, plus alumina beads to adsorb and filter impurities; HM-MAXIJET, SNIF, ALPUR, and PAL use rotation Rotor.
  • the purification efficiency of the rotating rotor is higher than that of direct radiation. However, if the purification gas is only nitrogen, its purification efficiency is also not ideal.
  • HM-MAXIJET, SNIF and PAL require injection of cleaning agents containing chlorine (CI) or fluorine (F); these are harmful to human health and the environment.
  • CI chlorine
  • fluorine fluorine
  • these devices also need to use a covering agent such as aerobic (C1) or fluorine (F), which also has environmental issues.
  • the present invention provides a method for purifying a non-ferrous metal melt, so that the purification treatment of the non-ferrous metal melt not only meets environmental protection requirements, but also achieves high efficiency, energy saving, and low consumption.
  • the object of the present invention is also to Providing purification equipment required to implement the above method makes the above method easier to implement.
  • the present invention provides a method for purifying a non-ferrous metal melt, the method includes passing a purified gas through the non-ferrous metal melt from bottom to top to perform adsorption purification, and is characterized in that at the same time as gas adsorption purification, A vacuum is evacuated above the non-ferrous metal melt to form a negative pressure attraction to the melt.
  • the purification gas is an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
  • the present invention further provides a device for implementing the above method, which is characterized in that the device is composed of a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device and a vacuum device, wherein the vacuum device is connected to a space above the melt in the non-ferrous metal melting and processing device.
  • the non-ferrous metal melting and processing device may be a single-chamber structure, a multi-chamber structure or a non-chamber structure.
  • a single-chamber structure non-ferrous metal melting and processing device is provided with a shell.
  • the inner space of the shell constitutes a processing chamber.
  • the upper part of the shell is equipped with a vacuum cover connected to a vacuum machine.
  • the bottom of the shell is equipped with a purge gas diffusion plate.
  • the bottom of the shell is equipped with a shutter.
  • a metal liquid inlet and a metal liquid outlet are provided on the side, and a sight glass is mounted on the vacuum cover.
  • the single-chamber structure non-ferrous metal melting and processing device is provided with a cover.
  • the top of the cover is equipped with a vacuum cover and a sight glass.
  • the bottom is equipped with a base.
  • the cover is equipped with a crucible.
  • the bottom of the crucible is equipped with a bell-shaped purification gas diffusion tube. There is also a heater.
  • the multi-chamber structure non-ferrous metal melting and processing device is provided with a shell.
  • the inner space of the shell is longitudinally divided into a cleaning chamber and a processing chamber.
  • a vacuum chamber is arranged above the processing chamber.
  • a heater is installed in the processing chamber and the cleaning chamber.
  • the purification gas diffusion plate is provided with a metal liquid inlet and a metal liquid outlet on the shell, and a vacuum glass is installed on the vacuum chamber.
  • the non-ferrous metal melting and processing device without a chamber structure is provided with a vacuum cover and a sight glass on the upper part of the melting furnace, and a bell-shaped purification gas diffusion tube is installed in the furnace.
  • the purification method organically combines two original irrelevant purification methods such as nitrogen (N) bubble adsorption and vacuum (V) negative pressure suction, and realizes the method through one device.
  • N nitrogen
  • V vacuum
  • gas adsorption and vacuum attract one by one, push and pull, and complement each other. Effectively solve the environmental protection, high efficiency, energy saving, low consumption and other industry wished problems.
  • the high efficiency of the present invention is that the horizontal area of the purification equipment is 63 "* 43" and the FILD is 75 "* 118", that is, the horizontal area of the equipment of the present invention is less than one third of the FILD; Only half a ton, FILD is about 2 tons, and the semi-continuous casting speed is 400kg per minute. That is to say, the processing time of aluminum maggot when passing through this equipment is only over 1 minute, and it is 5 minutes when passing through FILD. However, the purification effect of aluminum liquid processed by this equipment is still better than FILD. Especially for magnesium (Mg) -containing aluminum alloys, we use the vacuum bubble measurement method with a vacuum degree of 29 InHg.
  • the top of the aluminum liquid sample that has not been prepared is bulged upward, such as a hamburger. Sore holes; while the aluminum liquid sample processed by it has a regular depression at the top toward the center, The profile is dense. The two are in stark contrast. It is difficult for FILD to have such a clear comparison.
  • the performance of French ALPUR is worse than FILD, and the purification effect of 40 minutes is not as good as 5 minutes of FILD.
  • the environmental protection effect of the present invention is shown in the following.
  • the present invention does not use chlorine (C1) or chlorine (C1) or fluorine (F) -containing cleaning agents that are harmful to human health, but uses harmless human health and the environment. And cheap nitrogen.
  • the present invention mainly relies on a combination of completely physical methods such as nitrogen (N) bubble adsorption and vacuum (V) negative pressure suction to purify aluminum liquid.
  • N nitrogen
  • V vacuum
  • the covering agent containing chlorine (C1) or fluorine (F) can also effectively prevent the oxidation of aluminum liquid to generate alumina slag.
  • the above FILD consumes a large amount of money each year and generates a large amount of C02, which seriously pollutes the working environment and is not environmentally friendly.
  • the invention adopts an immersion type electric heating rod, and the heat generated can be completely absorbed by the aluminum liquid, which not only saves energy, but also greatly improves the environment.
  • the equipment and its surroundings are filled with oxidized powder residue, and the equipment is always kept clean. It can be seen that the present invention completely solves the environmental protection problems existing in other purification equipment, and is therefore definitely an environmental protection-type purification equipment.
  • the low power consumption of the present invention is manifested in the high purification efficiency of the device.
  • the volume used is small, and three 8kw electric heating rods are used for heating.
  • FILD is heated by LPG, which is over 1.2 million Hong Kong dollars per year. Compared with FILD, using this equipment can save more than one million Hong Kong dollars in energy expenditure each year.
  • This equipment is also a vacuum treatment. Because the top space of the treatment chamber is oxygen-free, not only will the new oxide slag not be generated during the purification treatment, but also the alumina produced will be reduced to aluminum, which will greatly reduce metal loss. This is absolutely impossible for FILD, SNIF, ALPUR, PAL and other equipment.
  • the invention is also applicable to the purification treatment of other non-ferrous metals, especially copper alloys.
  • other non-ferrous metals especially copper alloys.
  • the gas absorption and oxidation are more serious than those of aluminum.
  • nitrogen was generally used.
  • Purification treatment with NSV equipment must have significant efficiency and effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the structure of a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device with a multi-chamber structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another structure of a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device with a multi-chamber structure according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the structure of a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device with a single chamber structure according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another structure of a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device with a single chamber structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the structure of the non-ferrous metal melting and processing device without a chamber structure according to the present invention.
  • the combination of bubble adsorption (N) and vacuum negative pressure (V) of the purified gas to generate an efficient and environmentally friendly purification function is the technical basis and core of the present invention, and is also a technical feature of the present invention that is different from other types of purification methods.
  • the processing chamber of the bubble adsorption purification equipment is closed or semi-closed, so when the purification bubbles rise from the bottom, the impurities in the aluminum liquid, including hydrogen and oxide slag, rise to the liquid surface and enter the top space of the processing chamber. As it gathers there, it will soon form a saturated state and generate pressure, which will form resistance to the impurities that continue to run out of the aluminum liquid. The concentration of impurities in the upper aluminum liquid will also increase, which will definitely weaken the purification efficiency. In order to improve the purification efficiency, European and American experts often work on chemical methods and chemical agents, so that the efficiency is not much improved, but environmental protection problems of one kind or another occur.
  • the vacuum pump is started, and the aluminum liquid is pulled by the vacuum negative pressure; at the same time, the purified gas (In this example, nitrogen) enters the melt through the purge gas diffusion plate at the bottom of the device.
  • the purified gas In this example, nitrogen
  • the surface of the molten aluminum rolls because of the nitrogen bubbles rising from the bottom.
  • the nitrogen bubbles rise in the aluminum liquid of the processing chamber, the impurities in the aluminum liquid are adsorbed and captured along the way, including hydrogen and oxides.
  • the surface tension of the molten aluminum is weakened due to the rolling of the aluminum wave.
  • the nitrogen gas bubbles entrain hydrogen and oxides, quickly break through the surface of the molten aluminum, and are sucked into the top space of the processing chamber, and are discharged out of the equipment through the vacuum cover, the exhaust pipe, the cooler, and the vacuum pump.
  • a vortex Spiral
  • the vortex plane and the nitrogen bubble rising from the bottom are almost 90%. Contact makes the contact comprehensive and even.
  • due to the effect of centrifugal force aluminum molecules with a higher density are dropped to the periphery of the vortex.
  • the method of the present invention uses nitrogen (N) as a purification carrier, not only because it is cheap, but also mainly because it is harmless to the environment and the health of the operator, and is environmentally friendly.
  • This equipment can also use chlorine (C1) gas and argon (Ar) gas as purification gas, and even add fluorine-containing chlorine-containing purification agent, which can improve the purification efficiency, but this is either too costly or has serious environmental protection problems Therefore, the use of this equipment is discouraged and the use of chlorine gas is discouraged.
  • N nitrogen
  • V vacuum
  • N nitrogen
  • V vacuum
  • Figs. 1 to 3 show an optimal structural form, which is a multi-chamber structure.
  • the multi-chamber structure non-ferrous metal melting and processing device 12 is provided.
  • the inner space of the shell is longitudinally divided into a cleaning chamber 1202 and a processing chamber 1203.
  • the cleaning chamber is used to store the cleaned melt, and the upper hinge frame 1214 passes through it.
  • the hinge shaft 1212 is connected to the clean room furnace cover 1211.
  • the processing chamber is used for purifying the molten metal, and a water-cooled furnace cover 1218 is installed above the hinge shaft 1217 mounted on the hinge frame 1216, and the ceiling shaft 1220 and bearings are mounted on the ceiling bracket 1219.
  • 1221 Sprockets 1222, 1223, 1224 are equipped with a transmission chain 1225 and a hanging chain 1226 connected to the water-cooled furnace cover.
  • the water-cooled furnace cover can be opened by the above sprocket device, or it can be manually turned on the furnace cover. Arm 1213 is manually opened.
  • a vacuum chamber 1204 is provided above the water-cooled furnace lid, which is used to create a vacuum above the melt.
  • the vacuum chamber is provided with a vacuum device 20 for generating a vacuum, which may be a vacuum pump or other vacuum machinery.
  • the vacuum chamber communicates with the processing chamber, and a vacuum cover 1215 is installed on the top of the vacuum chamber.
  • a heater 1205 is installed in each of the processing room and the clean room.
  • the heater is an electric heating rod.
  • the electric heating rod can be a vertical hanging type as shown in FIG. 1, that is, the upper end is connected to two furnace covers. Part of it is directly hung in the processing room and the clean room. It can also be horizontally embedded as shown in Figure 4, that is, the extension of the electric heating rod is horizontally embedded in the refractory lining of the furnace cavity as required. Regardless of the form, this electric heating rod is an internal heating type or a direct heating type.
  • the bottom of the shell is lined with refractory bricks 1227 and 1228.
  • the upper part of the refractory bricks is equipped with a purification gas diffusion plate 1206, which is connected to the air pump.
  • the diffuser plate can also use a bell-shaped diffuser tube as in Example 2 or other various rotors.
  • the housing is provided with a metal liquid inlet 1207 and a metal liquid outlet 1208, and a vacuum glass 1209 is installed on the vacuum chamber to observe the liquid level on the surface of the aluminum liquid for reference when adjusting the vacuum degree.
  • the equipment can also be coated with alumina beads in the processing room and clean room.
  • Alumina beads have the function of adsorbing and filtering impurities.
  • You can also attach a filter box with a ceramic filter plate at the exit of the clean room to filter aluminum. Impurities in the liquid. Although these have a positive effect on the quality of the molten aluminum, they are only subsidiary to the entire equipment. Users can decide whether it is necessary to install according to specific needs.
  • the equipment for implementing the purification method of the present invention may also be a single-chamber structure shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • the non-ferrous metal melting and processing device 11a with a single-chamber structure is provided with a shell llai, and the inner wall of the shell is affixed There is a refractory plate lias, the inner space of the shell constitutes a processing chamber lla2, the upper part of the shell is equipped with a vacuum cover lla3 connected to a vacuum machine, the bottom of the shell is equipped with a purification gas diffusion plate lla4, and the bottom of the shell is equipped with a shutter lla9, with metal on both sides thereof
  • the liquid inlet lias and the metal liquid outlet lla6 are equipped with a peep mirror lla7 on the vacuum cover.
  • This device is a simpler device for continuous or semi-continuous casting. If conditions permit, flow channel NSV devices can also be added with eddy current function. If the conditions are not acceptable, it is not necessary to arrange it; but in order to avoid the aluminum liquid being short-circuited after the aluminum liquid is pumped up, it will directly flow out without vacuum treatment, and a shutter should be installed in the device.
  • the aluminum liquid flows in from the metal liquid inlet, rises through the gate, flows to the metal liquid outlet, inputs nitrogen, and starts a vacuum pump for purification treatment.
  • the sight glass is used to observe the water level on the surface of the molten aluminum to adjust the vacuum. In order to improve the purification effect, the length of the device should be increased as much as possible.
  • a non-ferrous metal melting and processing device with a single-chamber structure is shown in Fig. 7.
  • This device can be used for discontinuous casting.
  • the device lib is provided with a cover llbi, a vacuum cover llb2 and a sight glass llb3 on the top of the cover, a base llb4 on the bottom, a crucible libs inside the cover, a bell-shaped purification gas diffusion tube llb6 on the bottom of the crucible, and a crucible Also equipped with a heater llb7.
  • the aluminum liquid to be processed is loaded with a crucible or the like and placed in an outer cover for processing.
  • the device is generally not limited by the processing time and can achieve the best purification effect.
  • the device must be equipped with an electric heating device to prevent the molten aluminum from solidifying due to the long processing time. It uses a bell-shaped purge gas diffusion tube connected to the outer cover, and various types of rotating rotors can also be used to improve the degassing efficiency.
  • the sight glass is used to observe the water level on the surface of the molten aluminum to adjust the vacuum.
  • the equipment for implementing the purification method of the present invention may also have a single-chamber structure as shown in FIG. .
  • the device is directly used on various stoves such as electric induction furnaces or holding furnaces, and is covered with a bell-shaped purification gas diffusion tube to spray nitrogen (N) gas; various types of rotating rotors can also be used to improve Degassing Rate.
  • N nitrogen
  • various types of rotating rotors can also be used to improve Degassing Rate.
  • N nitrogen
  • a vacuum cover (V) is necessary so that it can be combined with nitrogen bubbles to purify the metal liquid.
  • the device and the device l ib are the same, and are not limited by the processing time, and the processing effect is ideal.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, any method and related equipment for purifying non-ferrous metal melt by combining purification gas adsorption and vacuum suction, and equivalent transformation methods related thereto will fall within the scope of the invention Inside.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

有色金属熔液的净化方法及设备 技术领域
本发明涉及有色金属熔液的净化方法， 特别是涉及一种为清除熔化了的铝 液中的杂质如氢和氧化物等有害物质， 使铝液净化， 使铸件的品质和性能得到 保证的铝金属熔液的净化提炼法， 以及为实现该净化法而设计的设备。 背景技术
铝合金在熔化过程中会吸入氢气， 也会氧化生成氧化铝渣， 这些氢和氧化 铝渣如果不予清除， 铸件可能出现气孔， 夹渣等毛病， 必然对制品的性能， 强 度， 甚至外观产生不利的影响。 因此， 铝合金熔化后， 必须进行净化处理， 清 除有害的杂质， 降低氢含量， 才能获得純净的金属液， 铸件的品质和性能才有 保证。
传统的处理方法是直接向熔化炉内的铝液底部通入净化气体如氮气、 氩 气、 氯气或精炼剂， 产生的净化气泡向上浮升时， 沿途吸附捕捉铝液中的杂质， 包括氢和氧化渣， 把它们带上铝 ¾ ^面， 氢气从铝液表面逸出， 氧化渣被耙出 炉外。 这种方法效率低， 不均匀， 劳动强度也很大。 为了提高净化效果， 使铝 液得到彻底而均匀的处理， 有关净化设备应运而生。 较著名的， 英国有 FILD, 法国有 ALPUR, 德国有 HM-MAXIJET, 美国有 ALCOA, SNIF, PAL等等。
不管是 FILD还是 SNIF, 也不管是 HM-MAXIJET， ALPUR还是 PAL, 它 们有一个共同点， 就是都采用传统的处理方法， 向铝液底部通入氮， 氯， 氩等 气体， 形成大大小小的气泡， 吸附悬浮在铝液中的氢气和杂质， 把它们带上铝 采用埋在炉底的石墨氮气扩散管，另加氧化铝珠吸附过滤杂质； HM-MAXIJET, SNIF, ALPUR, 和 PAL采用旋转转子。 旋转转子的净化效率比直射的高。 但 是， 如果净化气体只是氮气， 那么， 其净化效率也都不理想。
为了达到预定的净化效果， 一方面， 须增大设备容量， 这造成结构庞大， 相关费用和损耗也都很大。 另一方面， 如 SNIF和 ALPUR, 则要求加入活化气 体氯 (Cl)。 HM-MAXIJET, SNIF和 PAL更要求射入含有氯 (CI)或氟 (F)等的净化 剂;这些对人体健康和环境都有害。 此外， 为了防止翻滚的铝液氧化， 减少铝耗 和杂质， 这些设备还要使用食有氧 (C1)或氟 (F)等的覆盖剂， 同样有环保问题。 FILD使用石油气保温， 每年烧掉大量的石油气， 而喷出大量 C02, 产生严重 的温室效应， 也艮不环保。 发明内容 本发明就是为解决上述问题， 而提供一种有色金属熔液的净化方法， 使有 色金属熔液的净化处理既符合环保要求， 又达到高效， 节能， 低耗目的的； 本 发明的目的还在于提供为实现上述方法所需的净化设备， 使得上述方法更易于 实施。
为实现上述目的， 本发明提供一种有色金属熔液的净化方法， 该方法包括 使净化气体由下而上穿过有色金属熔液而进行吸附净化， 其特征在于， 在气体 吸附净化同时， 在有色金属熔液上方抽真空， 形成对熔液的负压吸引。
所述的净化气体为惰性气体， 最好为氮气。
本发明进一步提供了实现上述方法的设备， 其特征在于， 该设备由有色金 属熔化及处理装置和真空装置构成， 其中真空装置与有色金属熔化及处理装置 内熔液上方的空间相连。
有色金属熔化及处理装置可以是单室结构、 多室结构或无室结构。
单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置设有外壳， 外壳内空间构成处理室， 外 壳上部装有与真空机连接的真空罩， 外壳底部装有净化气扩散板， 外壳底部装 有闸板， 其两侧设有金属液入口及金属液出口， 真空罩上装有窥视镜。
单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置设有外罩， 外罩顶部装有真空盖及窥视 镜， 其底部装有底座， 外罩内装有坩锅， 坩锅底部装有钟形净化气扩散管， 坩 锅内还装有加热器。
多室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置设有外壳， 外壳内空间被纵向分隔成清 洁室和处理室， 处理'室上方设有真空室， 处理室及清洁室内装有加热器， 外壳 内底部设有净化气扩散板， 外壳上设有金属液入口及金属液出口， 真空室上装 有窥视镜。
无室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置是在熔化炉上部设有真空盖及窥视镜， 并在炉内装有钟形净化气扩散管。
本发明的贡献在于， 该净化法把氮气 (N)气泡吸附和真空 (V)负压吸引这样 两个原来不相干的净化法有机地结合在一起， 并通过一个设备实现了该方法。 在该方法中， 气体吸附和真空吸引一下一上， 一推一拉， 互相扬长补短。 有效 解决了环保， 高效， 节能， 低耗等业界人士梦寐以求的问题。
本发明的高效表现在，该净化设备的水平面积 63"*43", FILD为 75"*118"， 即本发明设备的水平面积不足 FILD的三分之一； 该净化设备处理室的铝液只 半吨， FILD约 2吨， 半连续铸造速度每分钟 400kg。 即铝涑经该设备时， 处理 时间仅 1分多钟， 而经过 FILD时则为 5分钟， 可是， 经该设备处理的铝液， 其净化效果仍优于 FILD。 特别是含镁 (Mg)的铝合金， 我们采用真空测气泡法， 真空度 29 InHg, 结果， 未经该 备处理的铝液试样顶部向上鼓起， 如汉堡包， 切开后， 其剖面千疮百孔;而经其处理过的铝液试样， 顶部向中央呈规则凹陷， 剖面密实。 二者形成明显对比。 FILD就难有这样明显的对比。 法国 ALPUR的 性能比 FILD差， 其处理 40分钟的净化效果还不如 FILD的 5分钟。
本发明的环保效果表现在， 首先， 本发明不使用对人体健康有害的氯气 (C1),或含氯 (C1)含氟 (F)的净化剂， 而使用的是对人体健康和环境无害而又便宜 的氮气。 本发明主要依靠氮气 (N)气泡吸附和真空 (V)负压吸引等完全物理的方 法的结合去净化铝液。 其次， 在铝液的净化过程中， 本发明设备的处理室顶部 真空无氧， 翻滚的铝液无从与氧发生氧化反应， 因此， 不必像其它类型净化设 备那样， 需在铝液表面撒上一层含氯 (C1)或氟 (F)的覆盖剂， 也可以有效防止铝 液氧化产生氧化铝渣。 上述的 FILD在使用中， 每年耗资较大， 并产生大量的 C02, 严重污染工作环境， 4艮不环保。 本发明采用浸入式的电热棒， 所产生的 热量， 可以完全被铝液所吸收， 不但节约能量， 也大大改善了环境。 其它净化 设备使用时， 设备及周围充满氧化粉渣， 而本设备则始终保持清洁干净。 由此 可见， 本发明彻底解决其它净化设备所存在的环保问题， 因而绝对是环保型的 净化设备。
本发明的低耗表现在， 本设备净化效率高， 为达到同样的净化效果， 所用 容积较小， 用三支 8kw的电热棒加热， 每年电费十几万。 FILD用 LPG加热， 每年一百二十多万港元。使用本设备，较之使用 FILD， 每年可以节省能源支出 一百多万港元。 本设备也属真空处理， 由于处理室顶部空间无氧， 所以， 净化 处理时， 不但不会产生新的氧化渣， 还会使产生了的氧化铝还原为铝， 大大减 少金属损耗。 这是 FILD, SNIF, ALPUR, PAL等设备绝对办不到的。 每次铸 造结束时， 设备内不像其它设备那样充满氧化铝渣， 所能看到的是褐色的颗 粒， 刮到铝液里， 实时熔化； 取出后略加搅动即闪烁银色光泽。 这说明， 铝液 中被吸出来的氧化铝被还原为铝。
本发明也适用于其它有色金属特别是铜合金的净化处理。 铜合金在熔化过 程中， 其吸气和氧化比铝还严重， 过往的净化处理一般使用氮气， 用 NSV设 备进行净化处理， 必有显著的效率和效果。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的多室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置结构剖视图。
图 2是图 1的侧视图。
图 3是图 2的俯视图。
图 4是本发明的多室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置另一结构剖视图。 图 5是本发明的单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置结构剖视图。
图 6是图 5的侧视图。
图 7是本发明的单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置另一结构剖视图。 图 8是本发明的无室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置结构剖视图。 具体实施方式 实施例 1
净化气体的气泡吸附 (N)和真空负压 (V)相结合， 从而产生高效而环保的净 化功能是本发明的技术基础， 技术核心， 也是本发明有别于其它种类净化方式 的技术特征。
一般气泡吸附的净化设备的处理室都是封闭或半封闭的， 所以， 当净化气 泡从底部上升， 吸附铝液中的杂质， 包括氢和氧化渣， 浮出液面， 进入处理室 顶部空间后， 就聚集在那里， 艮快就形成饱和状态， 产生压力， 这就对继续由 铝液中跑出来的杂质形成阻力， 上层铝液的杂质的浓度也随着增高， 势必削弱 净化效率。 为了提高净化效率， 欧美的专家往往在化学方法和化学药剂上下功 夫， 以致效率提高不多， 但却出现这样那样的环保问题。
如果处理室顶部空间的压力回复正常， 那么， 其所产生的净化阻力便可消 除。 如果处理室顶部空间的压力为负， 就会产生更大的吸引力， 进而提高净化 气泡的净化能力。在进行真空气泡试验的时候可以看到，真空 (V)负压会吸出铝 液中所含的氢气。 而且， 从真空热处理的原理知道， 真空处理不但可以防止热 金属氧化， 还能把金属氧化物中的金属还原出来。
但是， 如果仅仅使用真空负压的方法也不行， 因为， 一方面， 其对金属液 上表层的作用较大， 对底层的功效甚微;在静态状况下效率更差； 另一方面， 具 体操作也有很多问题, 很难在实际生产中使用。 所以， 至今仍找不到在实际生 产中运用真空方法进行净化处理的成功例子。
本发明的方法中， 有色金属熔液（本例中为铝液）进入有色金属熔化及处 理装置的处理室后， 开动真空泵， 铝液便被真空负压扯高； 与此同时， 净化气 体（本例中为氮气）经装置底部的净化气扩散板进入熔液。 铝液表面因为从底 部窜升上来的氮气泡而铝浪翻滚。 氮气泡在处理室铝液中窜升时， 沿途吸附捕 捉铝液中的杂质， 包括氢气和氧化物。 铝液表面张力由于铝浪翻滚而削弱， 氮 气泡夹带氢气和氧化物， 迅速冲破铝液表面， 被吸入处理室顶部空间， 经真空 罩， 抽气管道， 冷却器， 真空泵排出设备之外。 铝液经过抽高处理后， 沿着处 理室的 ®壁形成涡流 (Spiral), 有规则地盘^ ^下， 一方面， 由于涡流平面和从 底部升上来的氮气泡流几成 90。接触， 使得该接触， 既全面而均勾。 另一方面， 也由于离心力的作用， 密度较大的铝分子被摔向涡流的外围， 较轻的杂质， 包 括氢和氧化铝渣， 则被质量较大的铝分子挤向涡流的中央， 再被由底部窜升上 来的氮气泡带上铝液表面， 进一步增强净化效果。 本发明的方法中用氮 (N)作为净化载体，这不仅因为它便宜，更主要是因为 它对环境和操作者的健康无害，是环保的。本设备也可以采用氯 (C1)气，和氩 (Ar) 气为净化气体， 甚至加入含氟含氯的净化剂， 它可以提高净化效率， 但这或者 成本太高， 或者存在严重的环保问题， 所以， 本设备不提倡使用， 而且反对使 用氯气。 设计者相信， 只要使用氮 (N)为净化载体， 只要和真空 (V)负压相结合， 已可达到很理想的净化境界。 如果仍嫌不足， 用户可以根据需要， 增大设备容 量， 或放慢铸造速度， 以增加处理时间， 或在流槽上增装流槽型设备， 都可以 提高净化效率和净化效果。
氮气 (N)气泡吸附与真空 (V)负压相结合是使设备的净化效率产生质的飞 跃。 而且， 也解决了其它净化设备无法克服的环保问题， 并大大地节省金属损 耗和生产成本， 也使净化更全面， 更均匀， 效率更佳。
实现上述方法的设备可具有多种结构形式， 图 1-图 3给出了一个最优的结 构形式， 它是一种多室结构， 如图示， 多室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置 12 设有外壳 1201 , 外壳内壁上砌有耐火泥内衬 1210, 外壳内空间被纵向分隔成 清洁室 1202和处理室 1203 , 清洁室用于存放清洁后的熔液， 其上部的铰轴架 1214上通过铰轴 1212连接有清洁室炉盖 1211。 处理室用于对金属熔液进行净 化处理， 其上方通过装在铰轴架 1216上的铰轴 1217装有水冷式炉盖 1218, 并 通过装在吊盖支架 1219上的吊盖轴 1220、 轴承 1221、 链轮 1222、 1223、 1224 装有与水冷式炉盖相连接的传动链 1225及吊链 1226, 水冷式炉盖可通过上述 链轮装置打开， 也可通过装在炉盖上的手动转臂 1213 手动打开。 在水冷式炉 盖上部装有真空室 1204, 它用于在熔液上方形成真空。 真空室外部装有用于产 生真空的真空装置 20,它可以是真空泵或其它真空机械。真空室与处理室相通， 真空室顶部装有真空罩 1215。 处理室及清洁室内各装有一支加热器 1205, 本 例中加热器为电热棒， 该电热棒可以采用如图 1所示之直挂式， 即将其上端连 接于两个炉盖上， 电热棒部分直挂于处理室及清洁室内； 也可以采用如图 4所 示之横嵌式， 即将电热棒的延伸部位按需要横嵌入炉腔耐火衬。 不管是哪种形 式， 这种电热棒属内热式， 或直热式， 由于其直径只有 30mm, 且直接插在金 属液中， 因而使用方便， 其所发出的热量又全被铝液所吸收， 所以， 优先推介 使用这种电热棒。 在外壳内底部砌有耐火砖 1227及耐火板 1228， 耐火砖上部 装有净化气扩散板 1206, 它与气泵相连接， 该扩散板上布满气孔， 用于将气体 均匀通入金属熔液中，.扩散板也可釆用如实施例 2中的钟形扩散管或其它各种 旋转子。 外壳上设有金属液入口 1207及金属液出口 1208, 真空室上装有窥视 镜 1209, 用以观察铝液表面液位， 供调整真空度时参考。
本设备还可以在处理室和清洁室铺上氧化铝珠， 氧化铝珠具有吸附过滤杂 质的作用。 还可以在清洁室出口处外挂一个带陶瓷过滤板的过滤箱， 以过滤铝 液中的杂质其。 这些固然对铝液的品质有正面的作用， 但它们对整个设备只是 附属的。 用户可根据具体需要决定是否有必要加装。
该设备工作原理可参见图 1 ,铝液由处理室切线入口 1229进入处理室 1203 后， 开真空机 20, 铝液被扯高进行真空处理， 然后沿着圆周壁形成涡流， 盘旋 而下。 净化后的铝液经底部过道进入清洁室 1202, 再由清洁室出液口 1230流 入铸槽进行铸造。 实施例 2
实现本发明净化方法的设备也可以是图 5 ~图 7所示的单室结构， 如图 5、 图 6所示， 单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置 11a设有外壳 llai， 外壳内壁上 贴有耐火板 lias, 外壳内空间构成处理室 lla2, 外壳上部装有与真空机连接的 真空罩 lla3, 外壳底部装有净化气扩散板 lla4， 外壳底部装有闸板 lla9, 其两 侧设有金属液入口 lias及金属液出口 lla6, 真空罩上装有窥视镜 lla7。
该装置是用于连续或半连续铸造中较简便的装置。 若条件许可， 流槽型 NSV装置也可以加入涡流功能。 若条件不许可， 可以不安排;但为了避免铝液 被抽高后， 后来的铝液短路， 未经真空处理就直接流出， 装置内应设置闸板。
铝液由金属液入口流入， 升过闸板， 流向金属液出口， 输入氮气， 开动抽 真空机进行净化处理。 窺视镜用以观察铝液表面水位， 以调整真空度。 为提高 净化效果， 应尽量增加装置的长度。
单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置的另一结构形式如图 7所示， 该装置可 用于非连续铸造过程。 该装置 lib设有外罩 llbi, 外罩顶部装有真空盖 llb2 及窥视镜 llb3, 其底部装有底座 llb4, 外罩内装有坩锅 libs, 坩锅底部装有钟 形净化气扩散管 llb6, 坩锅内还装有加热器 llb7。
待处理的铝液， 用坩埚之类器具装载， 放入外罩内处理。 该装置一般不受 处理时间限制， 可使净化效果达到最佳。 该装置必须装设电热装置， 以防止铝 液因处理时间太长而凝固。 它采用连接于外罩内的钟型净化气扩散管， 也可以 采用各种不同类型的旋转转子以提高除气效率。 窥视镜用以观察铝液表面水 位， 以调整真空度。 实施例 3
更进一步， 实现本发明净化方法的设备还可以是图 8所示的单室结构， 它 是在熔化炉上部设有真空盖 121及窥视镜 122, 并在炉内装有钟形净化气扩散 管 123。
该装置直接用于各种炉具如电感应熔炉或保温炉之上， 盖上装有钟型净化 气扩散管， 以喷出氮 (N)气;也可以采用各种不同类型的旋转转子以提高除气效 率。 不需要加装电热棒， 因炉具本身已有加热功能 (相当于外热式)。 真空盖 (V) 则是必须的， 这样才能与氮气气泡相结合， 对金属液进行净化处理。
该装置和装置 l ib—样， 不受处理时间限制， 处理效果较为理想。
本发明并不局限于上述实施方式， 任何以净化气吸附与真空吸引相结合的 方式进行有色金属熔液净化的方法和相关设备以及与之有关的等效变换方式 均将落入本发明的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种有色金属熔液的净化方法， 包括使净化气体由下而上穿过有色金 属熔液而进行吸附净化， 其特征在于， 在气体吸附净化同时， 在有色金属熔 液上方抽真空， 形成对熔液的负压吸引。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的有色金属熔液的净化方法， 其特征在于， 所述 的净化气体为惰性气体。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的有色金属熔液的净化方法， 其特征在于， 所述 的净化气体最好为氮气。
4. 实现权利要求 1所述有色金属熔液的净化方法的设备， 其特征在于， 该设备由有色金属熔化及处理装置（10)和真空装置 （20)构成， 其中真空 装置与有色金属熔化及处理装置内熔液上方的空间相连。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的有色金属熔液的净化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 有色金属熔化及处理装置（10)可以是单室结构、 多室结构或无室结构。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的有色金属熔液的净化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置（11a)设有外壳（llai), 外壳内空间构成 处理室 （lla2), 外壳上部装有与真空机连接的真空罩 （lias), 外壳底部装有 净化气扩散板（ lla4)，外壳底部装有闸板 lla9,其两侧设有金属液入口（ lias) 及金属液出口 （lla6), 真空罩上装有窥视镜（lla7)。
7.根据权利要求 5所述的有色金属熔液的净化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 单室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置（ lib)设有外罩（ llbi ), 外罩顶部装有真 空盖（ llb2)及窺视镜（ libs),其底部装有底座（ llb4)，外罩内装有坩锅（ libs), 坩锅底部装有钟形净化气扩散管 （llb6), 坩锅内还装有加热器（llb7)。
8.根据权利要求 5所述的有色金属熔液的净化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 多室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置（12)设有外壳 （121), 外壳内空间被纵 向分隔成清洁室 ( 122)和处理室 ( 123), 处理室上方设有真空室 (124), 处 理室及清洁室内装有加热器（125), 外壳内底部设有净化气扩散板（126), 外壳上设有金属液入口 （127)及金属液出口 （128), 真空室上装有窥视镜
(129)。
9.根据权利要求 5所述的有色金属熔液的净化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 无室结构有色金属熔化及处理装置（12)是在熔化炉上部设有真空盖（121) 及窥视镜（122), 并在炉内装有钟形净化气扩散管 （123)。
PCT/CN2002/000741 2001-10-30 2002-10-22 Raffinage et equipement de coulee non ferreuse WO2003038138A1 (fr)

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CN110004305A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-07-12 岳阳鑫特热能工程技术有限公司 一种铝液在线精炼装置

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EP1081240A1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-07 Norsk Hydro Asa Stirrer equipment for the continuous treatment of liquid metals
CN1299883A (zh) * 2000-12-19 2001-06-20 上海交通大学 铝及铝合金熔体复合净化装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5340379A (en) * 1990-11-09 1994-08-23 Alcan International Limited Jet flow device for injecting gas into molten metal and process
EP1081240A1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-07 Norsk Hydro Asa Stirrer equipment for the continuous treatment of liquid metals
CN1299883A (zh) * 2000-12-19 2001-06-20 上海交通大学 铝及铝合金熔体复合净化装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8030082B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-10-04 Honeywell International Inc. Liquid-particle analysis of metal materials
CN110004305A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-07-12 岳阳鑫特热能工程技术有限公司 一种铝液在线精炼装置

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