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WO2005035179A1 - Method for joining two workpieces by fusion welding using detectors for locating recesses in said workpieces - Google Patents

Method for joining two workpieces by fusion welding using detectors for locating recesses in said workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005035179A1
WO2005035179A1 PCT/EP2004/010832 EP2004010832W WO2005035179A1 WO 2005035179 A1 WO2005035179 A1 WO 2005035179A1 EP 2004010832 W EP2004010832 W EP 2004010832W WO 2005035179 A1 WO2005035179 A1 WO 2005035179A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpieces
bead
depression
welding
welding head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/010832
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sascha Debuan
Albrecht Krüger-Eppstein
Original Assignee
Daimlerchrysler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimlerchrysler Ag filed Critical Daimlerchrysler Ag
Publication of WO2005035179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005035179A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/044—Seam tracking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B23K2101/35—Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE 38 12 448 Cl shows a connection area between two coated thin sheets, in which degassing chambers for receiving the gaseous coating materials formed during the laser welding process are produced by the sheets colliding with one another along the weld seam with different radii of curvature and on both sides of the
  • the radii of curvature produced by bending or embossing do not offer any geometric features by means of which the laser beam can be guided.
  • Channels for the zinc evaporating during welding are formed.
  • an overhead sheet is deformed in advance of the welding focus of a laser beam in such a way that line contact with an underlying sheet occurs.
  • Degassing pockets are formed on the side of the line contact.
  • the positioning of the laser beam results directly from the positioning of a tool that causes the deformation.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding a high positioning accuracy of a heat source along a weld seam and a large tolerance range for the dimensions of degassing channels is possible.
  • a welding head is positioned relative to the workpieces on the basis of geometric features of one or more depressions.
  • the indentation is made in advance in one of the workpieces.
  • a detector is directed onto the depression, so that signals are formed which represent the position of the depression relative to the welding head.
  • the depressions forming the degassing channels are equipped with features that can be detected particularly well by the detector. Control signals for a device for relative movement between the heat source and the workpiece are generated from the detector signals.
  • the detector can be attached to the welding head and be movable with it.
  • an optical detector e.g. a camera
  • the depression has at least one sharp edge which runs in the direction of the weld seam.
  • a tactile detector it is advantageous if the depression is designed as a bead with a sharp inner edge.
  • the tactile detector e.g. a probe tip can be guided along the sharp inner edge in this case.
  • the depression can be continuous or interrupted. In the event of an interrupted weld seam, the start and end of a depression can be determined with the detector and the Heat source, such as a laser, can be switched on and off.
  • a depression can be formed along a straight line or can take any shape that is recognized by the detector.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the production of vehicle bodies.
  • beads are introduced by means of stamping dies or stamping jaws after the workpieces are deep-drawn before welding.
  • a bead can be embossed using a roller after rolling.
  • the dimension of the depression is variable over a wide range.
  • the bead depth can be in the range of 0.1 mm - 1.0 mm, which means that the process can be used in large series production. In any case, there is a constant weld quality and the possibility of outgassing on both sides of the recess.
  • Joining flanges can be made narrower, which saves material and makes better use of the installation space.
  • the method enables a reduction in production time and costs. Furthermore, the strength of welded assemblies can be increased with the method, whereby the sheet thickness can be reduced.
  • Fig. 1 a scheme of a welding device for performing the method
  • Fig. 2 a scheme for using a tactile detector
  • Fig. 3-6 different designs of recesses.
  • 1 shows a schematic of a laser beam welding device.
  • a welding head 1 is attached to a flange 2 on an arm 3 of a robot 4.
  • the welding head 1 has a coupling point 5 for a laser beam 6, which is supplied here by way of example via glass fibers.
  • the laser beam 6 runs through a lens system 7 and strikes movably arranged mirrors 8. From there, the laser beam 6 is directed in different directions 9, 10 directed onto the surface of a fixed galvanized sheet 11.
  • the sheet 11 is paired with a second galvanized sheet 12 to which it is to be connected by welding.
  • a laser is controlled so that it is activated when predetermined welding positions are reached.
  • At least one of the lenses of the lens system 7 can be adjusted in the axial direction 13 with a motor. This makes it possible to change the distance between the focal point 14 and the welding head 1.
  • the laser beam 6 can act in a three-dimensional working area.
  • a camera 15 and a light source 16 are also attached to the welding head 1 and are directed towards the work area.
  • the arm 3 of the robot 4 is arranged movably, so that there is the possibility of moving the laser beam 6 with that of the
  • the motors for the movement of the arm 3 of the robot 4, the focus lens of the lens system 7 and the mirror 8 and the camera 15 are connected to a control device 17, which contains a computer for processing the camera signals and for generating motor control signals.
  • the sheet 11 facing the welding head has a bead 18 with sharp edges 19-22.
  • the bead 18 is seated on the sheet 12, so that the sheets 11, 12 have a distance a in the range of 0.1 mm - 1.0 mm on both sides of the bead 18. ⁇ -v>
  • the light source 16 is switched on so that the bead 18 is illuminated in the working area of the laser 6.
  • the edges 19-22 of the bead 18 result in a defined contrast profile, which is captured by the camera 15.
  • the signals from the camera 15 are evaluated in the control device 17. In this evaluation, the position of the welding head 1 in relation to the bead 18 is determined. If the position of the welding head 1 or the focal point 14 deviates from a predetermined position, then the position of the welding head 1 or the focal point 14 is adjusted to the desired position using the robot 4.
  • the laser 6 is activated, the metal sheets 11, 12 are partially melted on, so that they are connected along a weld seam 23.
  • the zinc coatings 24-27 partially evaporate. The vapors can be drawn off unhindered via the free spaces existing between the sheets 11, 12, without impairing the quality of the weld seam 23.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant with tactile measurement of the relative position of a welding head 1 to a bead 28 in a galvanized sheet metal 11.
  • a probe ball 29 is provided on a probe lever 30.
  • the feeler lever 30 is seated on a position detector 31 which is movable with a welding head.
  • the diameter of the probe ball 29 is adapted to the width of the bead 28.
  • the signals of the position detector 31, which reflect the position of the probe ball 29 in the bead 28 become control signals in a control device 17 for a device for positioning the welding head 1 processed.
  • a weld seam 23 can thus be produced exactly in the middle of the bead 28.
  • the sheets 11, 12 are spaced apart from one another by the bead 28, so that channels 32, 33 for outgassing zinc vapors exist between the sheets 11, 12 on both sides of the bead.
  • the sheets 11, 12 are connected with a continuous weld.
  • the weld seam runs in a straight bead 34.
  • the sheets 11, 12 are connected with an interrupted weld.
  • a plurality of beads 35 lying one behind the other were formed in the sheet 11 above.
  • the sensor signals can be used to control a laser in such a way that it is switched on in the area of a bead 35 and is switched off between two beads 35.
  • the sheets 11, 12 are connected with Z-shaped or S-shaped weld seams.
  • Beads 36 or S-shaped beads 37 are formed in the upper plate 11 along a straight track 38, 39 parallel to the edge of the plate 11.
  • the beads 36, 37 can be detected with an optical detector, such as a camera 15.
  • the position of the beads 36, 37 can be determined from the camera signals determine with regard to a welding head 1 and adjust the welding head 1 as desired.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for joining two workpieces (11, 12) by fusion welding. The aim of the invention is to develop a method wherein it is possible to place a heating source in a highly precise manner along a weld and a large field of tolerance can be obtained for the dimensions of the degassing channels. The inventive method for joining two workpieces (11, 12) by fusion welding consists in the following: a track with at least one recess (18) is created in at least one (11) of the workpieces (11,12); the workpieces (11,12) are paired together at said recess (18) and heat is guided along the track until parts of the workpieces (11,12) melt; a welding head (1) with a heat source is positioned in relation to the workpieces (11,12); in order to position the moving welding head (1), the recess (18) is determined by means of detector signals (15,16) reproducing the geometric characteristics of the recess (18) and actuating signals are produced for a device with relative movement between the heating source (6) and the workpieces (11,12) from the detector signals (15,16).

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM VERBINDEN ZWEIER WERKSTÜCKE DURCH SCHMELZSCHWEISSEN DURCH VERWENDUNG VON DETEKTOREN ZUM LOKALISIEREN DER VERTIEFUNGEN IN DEN WERKSTÜCKENMETHOD FOR JOINING TWO WORKPIECES BY MELT WELDING BY USING DETECTORS TO LOCALIZE THE DEPTHS IN THE WORKPIECES
5 Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Werkstücke durch Schmelzschweißen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.5 The invention relates to a method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der DE 34 07 770 AI ist ein Verfahren zum Laserstrahl-0 verschweißen von Blechflanschen bekannt, bei dem die Blechflansche mit einem Niederhalter zusammengedrückt und an der für die Schweißnaht vorgesehenen Stelle so vorbereitet werden, dass sich eine spaltfreie Auflage der Flansche ergibt . In mindestens einen der Blechflansche wird eine5 sickenartige Vertiefung eingeprägt, wobei beim Schweißen der Laserstrahl entlang der Vertiefung geführt wird. Das Vorsehen eines Niederhalters stellt einen zusätzlichen Aufwand dar, wobei der Niederhalter das Entweichen von Gasen behindert, die beim Schweißen entstehen, wenn die Blechflansche mit 0 einem galvanischen Überzug versehen sind. Die Blechflansche werden mit einem Kreuztisch relativ zum Laserstrahl positioniert. Damit ist die Genauigkeit der Positionierung von der Positioniergenauigkeit des Kreuztisches vorgegeben. 5 In der DE 199 43 752 Cl ist eine Fügestelle für laserverschweißte Bauteile, insbesondere für verzinkte Blechformteile, offenbart, bei der quer zur Schweißnaht verlaufende Entgasungskanäle vorgesehen sind, durch die beim Schweißen entstehende Beschichtungsdämpfe frei nach außen treten können. Die Entgasungskanäle sind in Form von Sicken gebildet .From DE 34 07 770 AI a method for laser beam welding of sheet metal flanges is known, in which the sheet metal flanges are pressed together with a hold-down device and are prepared at the location provided for the weld seam so that there is a gap-free support of the flanges. A bead-like depression is embossed into at least one of the sheet metal flanges, the laser beam being guided along the depression during welding. The provision of a hold-down device represents an additional effort, the hold-down device preventing the escape of gases which arise during welding if the sheet metal flanges are provided with a galvanic coating. The sheet metal flanges are positioned with a cross table relative to the laser beam. The accuracy of the positioning is thus predetermined by the positioning accuracy of the cross table. 5 DE 199 43 752 Cl discloses a joint for laser-welded components, in particular for galvanized sheet metal parts, in which degassing channels are provided which run transversely to the weld seam, through which the Welding coating fumes can escape freely to the outside. The degassing channels are formed in the form of beads.
In der DE 38 12 448 Cl ist ein Verbindungsbereich zweier beschichteter Dünnbleche gezeigt, bei dem Entgasungskammern zur Aufnahme der sich beim Laserschweißvorgang bildenden gasförmigen Beschichtungsstoffe erzeugt werden, indem die Bleche entlang der Schweißnaht mit unterschiedlichen Krümmungsradien aufeinander stoßen und beidseitig derDE 38 12 448 Cl shows a connection area between two coated thin sheets, in which degassing chambers for receiving the gaseous coating materials formed during the laser welding process are produced by the sheets colliding with one another along the weld seam with different radii of curvature and on both sides of the
Schweißnaht voneinander beabstandet sind. Die durch Biegen oder Prägen hergestellten Krümmungsradien bieten keine geometrischen Merkmale, anhand deren der Laserstrahl geführt werden kann.Are welded apart from each other. The radii of curvature produced by bending or embossing do not offer any geometric features by means of which the laser beam can be guided.
In der DE 39 33 48 AI ist eine Überlapp- oder Steg-Schweißnaht für verzinkte Bleche beschrieben, bei der die Bleche durch Nocken oder Sicken auf Distanz gehalten werden. Die Nocken oder Sicken verlaufen neben der Laserschweißnaht. Zwischen den Nocken bzw. Sicken bestehen Freiräume, durch dieDE 39 33 48 AI describes an overlap or web weld for galvanized sheets, in which the sheets are held at a distance by cams or beads. The cams or beads run next to the laser weld seam. There are free spaces between the cams or beads, through which
Kanäle für das beim Schweißen verdampfende Zink gebildet werden.Channels for the zinc evaporating during welding are formed.
Bei dem Verfahren zum Verschweißen von verzinkten Stahl- blechen nach EP 687 519 AI wird ein oben liegendes Blech dem Schweißfokus eines Laserstrahls vorlaufend so verformt, dass eine Linienberührung mit einem unten liegenden Blech zustande kommt. Dabei werden seitlich der Linienberührung Entgasungstaschen gebildet. Die Positionierung des Laserstrahls ergibt sich unmittelbar aus der Positionierung eines Werkzeuges, welches die Verformung bewirkt .In the method for welding galvanized steel sheets according to EP 687 519 AI, an overhead sheet is deformed in advance of the welding focus of a laser beam in such a way that line contact with an underlying sheet occurs. Degassing pockets are formed on the side of the line contact. The positioning of the laser beam results directly from the positioning of a tool that causes the deformation.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Werkstücke durch Schmelzschweißen zu entwickeln, beim dem eine hohe Positioniergenauigkeit einer Wärmequelle entlang einer Schweißnaht und ein großes Toleranzfeld für die Abmessungen von Entgasungskanälen möglich ist.The object of the invention is to develop a method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding a high positioning accuracy of a heat source along a weld seam and a large tolerance range for the dimensions of degassing channels is possible.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren gelöst, welches die Merkmale nach Anspruch 1 aufweist. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved with a method which has the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird bei einem Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Werkstücke durch Schmelzschweißen ein Schweißkopf anhand von geometrischen Merkmalen einer oder mehrerer Vertiefungen relativ zu den Werkstücken positioniert. Die Vertiefung wird vorab maßgenau in eines der Werkstücke eingebracht. Beim Schweißen wird ein Detektor auf die Vertiefung gerichtet, so dass Signale gebildet werden, die die Position der Vertiefung relativ zum Schweißkopf repräsentieren. Die Entgasungskanäle bildenden Vertiefungen werden mit Merkmalen ausgestattet, die besonders gut von dem Detektor erfasst werden können. Aus den Detektorsignalen werden Stellsignale für eine Vorrichtung zur Relativbewegung zwischen Wärmequelle und Werkstück erzeugt .According to the invention, in a method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding, a welding head is positioned relative to the workpieces on the basis of geometric features of one or more depressions. The indentation is made in advance in one of the workpieces. During welding, a detector is directed onto the depression, so that signals are formed which represent the position of the depression relative to the welding head. The depressions forming the degassing channels are equipped with features that can be detected particularly well by the detector. Control signals for a device for relative movement between the heat source and the workpiece are generated from the detector signals.
Der Detektor kann am Schweißkopf befestigt und mit diesem beweglich sein. Bei Verwendung eines optischen Detektors, wie z.B. einer Kamera, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Vertiefung mindestens eine scharfe Kante aufweist, die in Richtung der Schweißnaht verläuft. Bei Verwendung eines taktilen Detektors ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Vertiefung als Sicke mit einer scharfen Innenkante ausgebildet ist. Der taktile Detektor, wie z.B. eine Tastspitze, kann in diesem Fall entlang der scharfen Innenkante geführt werden.The detector can be attached to the welding head and be movable with it. When using an optical detector, e.g. a camera, it is advantageous if the depression has at least one sharp edge which runs in the direction of the weld seam. When using a tactile detector, it is advantageous if the depression is designed as a bead with a sharp inner edge. The tactile detector, e.g. a probe tip can be guided along the sharp inner edge in this case.
Die Vertiefung kann durchgehend oder unterbrochen sein. Im Falle einer unterbrochenen Schweißnaht kann mit dem Detektor Anfang und Ende einer Vertiefung bestimmt werden und die Wärmequelle, wie z.B. ein Laser, ein- und ausgeschaltet werden. Eine Vertiefung kann entlang einer Geraden ausgebildet sein oder beliebige Formen annehmen, die von dem Detektor erkannt werden.The depression can be continuous or interrupted. In the event of an interrupted weld seam, the start and end of a depression can be determined with the detector and the Heat source, such as a laser, can be switched on and off. A depression can be formed along a straight line or can take any shape that is recognized by the detector.
Dadurch, dass die Entgasungskanäle so gestaltet werden, dass sie gleichzeitig zur Bahnführung eines Schweißlasers verwendet werden, ist die Erfindung besonders vorteilhaft bei der Herstellung von Fahrzeugkarosserien verwendbar. Z.B. bei der Fertigung von Bodenblechen oder Dachrahmen werden nach dem Tiefziehen der Werkstücke vor dem Schweißen Sicken durch Prägestempel oder Prägebacken eingebracht . Bei der Herstellung von Schwellern kann nach dem Walzen eine Sicke mittels einer Rolle eingeprägt werden. Die Abmessung der Vertiefung ist in einem weiten Bereich variabel. Z.B. kann die Sickentiefe im Bereich von 0,1 mm - 1,0 mm liegen, wodurch das Verfahren in der Großserienfertigung einsetzbar ist. In jedem Fall ist eine konstante Schweißnahtqualität und die Möglichkeit des Ausgasens beidseitig der Vertiefung gegeben. Bei Anwendung der Erfindung wird die Zugänglichkeit zu den Fügestellen verbessert. Fügeflansche lassen sich schmaler ausbilden, wodurch Material eingespart und der Bauraum besser genutzt wird. Das Verfahren ermöglicht eine Verringerung der Fertigungszeit und -kosten. Weiterhin kann mit dem Verfahren die Festigkeit geschweißter Baugruppen erhöht werden, wodurch die Blechstärke verringert werden kann.Because the degassing channels are designed in such a way that they are used simultaneously for guiding the path of a welding laser, the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the production of vehicle bodies. For example, In the production of floor panels or roof frames, beads are introduced by means of stamping dies or stamping jaws after the workpieces are deep-drawn before welding. In the manufacture of sills, a bead can be embossed using a roller after rolling. The dimension of the depression is variable over a wide range. For example, the bead depth can be in the range of 0.1 mm - 1.0 mm, which means that the process can be used in large series production. In any case, there is a constant weld quality and the possibility of outgassing on both sides of the recess. When using the invention, the accessibility to the joints is improved. Joining flanges can be made narrower, which saves material and makes better use of the installation space. The method enables a reduction in production time and costs. Furthermore, the strength of welded assemblies can be increased with the method, whereby the sheet thickness can be reduced.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und den Figuren 1 bis 6 noch näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments and FIGS. 1 to 6. Show:
Fig. 1: ein Schema einer Schweißvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, Fig. 2: ein Schema zur Verwendung eines taktilen Detektors, Fig. 3-6: verschiedene Ausführungen von Vertiefungen. Fig. 1 zeigt ein Schema einer Laserstrahlschweißvorrichtung. Ein Schweißkopf 1 ist an einem Flansch 2 an einem Arm 3 eines Roboters 4 befestigt. Der Schweißkopf 1 besitzt eine Ein- koppelstelle 5 für einen hier beispielhaft über Glasfasern zugeführten Laserstrahl 6. Innerhalb des Schweißkopfes 1 verläuft der Laserstrahl 6 durch ein Linsensystem 7 und trifft auf beweglich angeordnete Spiegel 8. Von dort wird der Laserstrahl 6 in verschiedenen Richtungen 9, 10 auf die Ober- fläche eines ortsfesten verzinkten Blechs 11 gelenkt. Das Blech 11 ist mit einem zweiten verzinkten Blech 12 gepaart, mit dem es durch Schweißen verbunden werden soll. Ein nicht dargestellter Laser wird so gesteuert, dass er bei Erreichen vorgegebener Schweißpositionen aktiviert wird. Zur Fokus- sierung des Laserstrahls 6 ist mindestens eine der Linsen des Linsensystems 7 mit einem Motor in Achsrichtung 13 verstellbar. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, den Abstand des Brennpunktes 14 zum Schweißkopf 1 zu verändern. Durch die Fokus- sierung mit den beweglichen Linsen und durch die Strahl- ablenkung mit den Spiegeln 8 kann der Laserstrahl 6 in einem dreidimensionalen Arbeitsbereich wirken. Am Schweißkopf 1 sind weiterhin eine Kamera 15 und eine Lichtquelle 16 befestigt, die auf den Arbeitsbereich gerichtet sind. Der Arm 3 des Roboters 4 ist beweglich angeordnet, so dass die Möglich- keit besteht, die Bewegung des Laserstrahles 6 mit der desFig. 1: a scheme of a welding device for performing the method, Fig. 2: a scheme for using a tactile detector, Fig. 3-6: different designs of recesses. 1 shows a schematic of a laser beam welding device. A welding head 1 is attached to a flange 2 on an arm 3 of a robot 4. The welding head 1 has a coupling point 5 for a laser beam 6, which is supplied here by way of example via glass fibers. Within the welding head 1, the laser beam 6 runs through a lens system 7 and strikes movably arranged mirrors 8. From there, the laser beam 6 is directed in different directions 9, 10 directed onto the surface of a fixed galvanized sheet 11. The sheet 11 is paired with a second galvanized sheet 12 to which it is to be connected by welding. A laser, not shown, is controlled so that it is activated when predetermined welding positions are reached. To focus the laser beam 6, at least one of the lenses of the lens system 7 can be adjusted in the axial direction 13 with a motor. This makes it possible to change the distance between the focal point 14 and the welding head 1. By focusing with the movable lenses and by beam deflection with the mirrors 8, the laser beam 6 can act in a three-dimensional working area. A camera 15 and a light source 16 are also attached to the welding head 1 and are directed towards the work area. The arm 3 of the robot 4 is arranged movably, so that there is the possibility of moving the laser beam 6 with that of the
Armes 3 zu überlagern. Die Motoren für die Bewegung des Armes 3 des Roboters 4 , der Fokuslinse des Linsensystems 7 und der Spiegel 8 und die Kamera 15 sind mit einer Steuereinrichtung 17 verbunden, die einen Rechner zur Verarbeitung der Kamera- Signale und zur Erzeugung von Motorstellsignalen enthält.Armes 3 overlay. The motors for the movement of the arm 3 of the robot 4, the focus lens of the lens system 7 and the mirror 8 and the camera 15 are connected to a control device 17, which contains a computer for processing the camera signals and for generating motor control signals.
Das dem Schweißkopf zugewandte Blech 11 besitzt eine Sicke 18 mit scharfen Kanten 19-22. Die Sicke 18 sitzt auf dem Blech 12 auf, so dass die Bleche 11, 12 beidseitig der Sicke 18 einen Abstand a im Bereich von 0,1 mm - 1,0 mm aufweisen. ι -v>The sheet 11 facing the welding head has a bead 18 with sharp edges 19-22. The bead 18 is seated on the sheet 12, so that the sheets 11, 12 have a distance a in the range of 0.1 mm - 1.0 mm on both sides of the bead 18. ι -v>
Beim Schweißen wird die Lichtquelle 16 eingeschaltet, so dass die Sicke 18 im Arbeitsbereich des Lasers 6 ausgeleuchtet ist. Die Kanten 19-22 der Sicke 18 ergeben ein definiertes Kontrastprofil, welches von der Kamera 15 erfasst wird. Die Signale der Kamera 15 werden in der Steuereinrichtung 17 ausgewertet. Bei dieser Auswertung wird die Position des Schweißkopfes 1 in Bezug auf die Sicke 18 ermittelt. Weicht die Position des Schweißkopfes 1 bzw. des Brennpunktes 14 von einer vorgegebenen Position ab, dann wird mit dem Roboter 4 die Position des Schweißkopfes 1 bzw. des Brennpunktes 14 auf die gewünschte Position nachgeführt. Beim Aktivieren des Lasers 6 werden die Bleche 11, 12 partiell angeschmolzen, so dass sie entlang einer Schweißnaht 23 verbunden werden. Beim Erwärmen der Bleche 11, 12 auf Schmelztemperatur verdampfen zum Teil die Zinkbeschichtungen 24-27. Über die zwischen den Blechen 11, 12 bestehenden Freiräume können die Dämpfe ungehindert abziehen, ohne die Qualität der Schweißnaht 23 zu beeinträchtigen.During welding, the light source 16 is switched on so that the bead 18 is illuminated in the working area of the laser 6. The edges 19-22 of the bead 18 result in a defined contrast profile, which is captured by the camera 15. The signals from the camera 15 are evaluated in the control device 17. In this evaluation, the position of the welding head 1 in relation to the bead 18 is determined. If the position of the welding head 1 or the focal point 14 deviates from a predetermined position, then the position of the welding head 1 or the focal point 14 is adjusted to the desired position using the robot 4. When the laser 6 is activated, the metal sheets 11, 12 are partially melted on, so that they are connected along a weld seam 23. When the sheets 11, 12 are heated to the melting temperature, the zinc coatings 24-27 partially evaporate. The vapors can be drawn off unhindered via the free spaces existing between the sheets 11, 12, without impairing the quality of the weld seam 23.
Sofern in der nachstehenden Beschreibung bereits eingeführte Bezugszeichen verwendet werden, handelt es sich um Elemente mit äquivalenter Funktion.If reference symbols already introduced are used in the description below, they are elements with an equivalent function.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Variante mit taktiler Messung der relativen Position eines Schweißkopfes 1 zu einer Sicke 28 in einem verzinkten Blech 11. Hierzu ist eine Tastkugel 29 an einem Tasthebel 30 vorgesehen. Der Tasthebel 30 sitzt an einem Positionsdetektor 31, der mit einem Schweißkopf beweglich ist. Der Durchmesser der Tastkugel 29 ist der Weite der Sicke 28 angepasst. Beim Schweißen wird die Tastkugel 29 in der Sicke 28 geführt. Die Signale des Positionsdetektors 31, welche die Lage der Tastkugel 29 in der Sicke 28 wiedergeben, werden in einer Steuereinrichtung 17 zu Stellsignalen für eine Vorrichtung zur Positionierung des Schweißkopfes 1 verarbeitet. Damit lässt sich eine Schweißnaht 23 genau in der Mitte der Sicke 28 erzeugen. Im unteren Bereich der steilwandigen Sicke 28 sind scharfe Kanten ausgebildet, die beim Erschmelzen egalisiert werden. Wie schon zu Fig. 1 erläutert, sind die Bleche 11, 12 durch die Sicke 28 voneinander beabstandet, so dass beidseitig der Sicke 28 zwischen den Blechen 11, 12 Kanäle 32, 33 zum Ausgasen von Zinkdämpfen bestehen.FIG. 2 shows a variant with tactile measurement of the relative position of a welding head 1 to a bead 28 in a galvanized sheet metal 11. For this purpose, a probe ball 29 is provided on a probe lever 30. The feeler lever 30 is seated on a position detector 31 which is movable with a welding head. The diameter of the probe ball 29 is adapted to the width of the bead 28. When welding, the probe ball 29 is guided in the bead 28. The signals of the position detector 31, which reflect the position of the probe ball 29 in the bead 28, become control signals in a control device 17 for a device for positioning the welding head 1 processed. A weld seam 23 can thus be produced exactly in the middle of the bead 28. In the lower region of the steep-walled bead 28, sharp edges are formed which are leveled out when they melt. As already explained with reference to FIG. 1, the sheets 11, 12 are spaced apart from one another by the bead 28, so that channels 32, 33 for outgassing zinc vapors exist between the sheets 11, 12 on both sides of the bead.
In den Fig. 3-6 sind verschiedene Ausführungen von Sicken bzw. Schweißnähten in Draufsicht auf ein oben liegendes Blech 11 gezeigt.3-6, various designs of beads or weld seams are shown in a top view of a sheet 11 lying on top.
Gemäß Fig. 3 sind die Bleche 11, 12 mit einer durchgehenden Schweißnaht verbunden. Die Schweißnaht verläuft in einer geradlinigen Sicke 34.3, the sheets 11, 12 are connected with a continuous weld. The weld seam runs in a straight bead 34.
Gemäß Fig. 4 sind die Bleche 11, 12 mit einer unterbrochenen Schweißnaht verbunden. In das oben liegende Blech 11 wurden mehrere hintereinander liegende Sicken 35 eingeformt. Mit einem optischer Sensor, der auf die Sicken 35 gerichtet ist, kann Anfang und Ende einer Sicke 35 und der Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Sicken 35 erkannt werden. Mit den Sensorsignalen kann ein Laser so gesteuert werden, dass er im Bereich einer Sicke 35 eingeschaltet und zwischen zwei Sicken 35 ausgeschaltet wird.4, the sheets 11, 12 are connected with an interrupted weld. A plurality of beads 35 lying one behind the other were formed in the sheet 11 above. With an optical sensor, which is directed towards the beads 35, the beginning and end of a bead 35 and the space between two beads 35 can be recognized. The sensor signals can be used to control a laser in such a way that it is switched on in the area of a bead 35 and is switched off between two beads 35.
Gemäß den Fig. 5 bzw. 6 sind die Bleche 11, 12 mit Z-förmigen bzw. S-förmigen Schweißnähten verbunden. Die Z-förmigen5 and 6, the sheets 11, 12 are connected with Z-shaped or S-shaped weld seams. The Z-shaped
Sicken 36 bzw. S-förmigen Sicken 37 sind im oberen Blech 11 jeweils entlang einer geraden Spur 38, 39 parallel zum Rand des Bleches 11 eingeformt. Die Sicken 36, 37 können mit einem optischen Detektor, wie einer Kamera 15, erkannt werden. Aus den Kamerasignalen lässt sich die Position der Sicken 36, 37 bezüglich einem Schweißkopf 1 bestimmen und der Schweißkopf 1 wie gewünscht nachführen. Beads 36 or S-shaped beads 37 are formed in the upper plate 11 along a straight track 38, 39 parallel to the edge of the plate 11. The beads 36, 37 can be detected with an optical detector, such as a camera 15. The position of the beads 36, 37 can be determined from the camera signals determine with regard to a welding head 1 and adjust the welding head 1 as desired.
Liste der verwendeten BezugszeichenList of the reference symbols used
1 Schweißkopf1 welding head
2 Flansch 3 Arm2 flange 3 arm
4 Roboter4 robots
5 Einkoppelstelle5 coupling point
6 Laserstrahl6 laser beam
7 Linsensystem 8 Spiegel7 lens system 8 mirrors
9, 10 Richtung9, 10 direction
11, 12 Blech11, 12 sheet
13 Achsrichtung13 axis direction
14 Brennpunkt 15 Kamera14 focus 15 camera
16 Lichtquelle16 light source
17 Steuereinrichtung17 control device
18 Sicke 19-22 Kante 23 Schweißnaht18 bead 19-22 edge 23 weld
24-27 Zinkbeschichtung24-27 zinc coating
28 Sicke28 surround
29 Tastkugel29 probe ball
30 Tasthebel 31 Positionsdetektor30 probe lever 31 position detector
32, 33 Kanal32, 33 channel
34-37 Sicke34-37 surround
38, 39 Spur 38, 39 lane

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Werkstücke durch Schmelzschweißen, bei dem in mindestens eines der Werkstücke mindestens eine Spur mit mindestens einer Vertiefung eingebracht wird, bei dem die Werkstücke an der Vertiefung zueinander gepaart werden, und bei dem entlang der Vertiefung Wärme zugeführt wird, bis Teile der Werkstücke geschmolzen werden, wobei ein Schweißkopf mit einer Wärmequelle relativ zu den Werkstücken positioniert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Positionierung des Schweißkopfes (1) laufend die Lage der Vertiefung (18, 28, 34-37) anhand von Detektorsignalen, die geometrische Merkmale der Vertiefung (18, 28, 34-37) wiedergeben, bestimmt wird, und dass aus den Detektorsignalen Stellsignale für eine1. A method for connecting two workpieces by fusion welding, in which at least one track with at least one depression is introduced into at least one of the workpieces, in which the workpieces are paired with one another at the depression, and in which heat is supplied along the depression until parts of the workpieces are melted, a welding head with a heat source being positioned relative to the workpieces, characterized in that for the positioning of the welding head (1) the position of the recess (18, 28, 34-37) is continuously determined using detector signals, the geometric features the depression (18, 28, 34-37), is determined, and that from the detector signals control signals for a
Vorrichtung mit Relativbewegung zwischen Wärmequelle (6) und Werkstücken (11, 12) erzeugt werden.Device with relative movement between the heat source (6) and workpieces (11, 12) are generated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem dem Schweißkopf (1) zugewandten Werkstück (11) als Vertiefung eine Sicke (18, 28, 34-37) ausgeformt wird, und dass beim Schweißen zur NahtVerfolgung die Sicke (18, 28, 34-37) optisch detektiert wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a bead (18, 28, 34-37) is formed as a depression in the workpiece (11) facing the welding head (1), and in that the bead (18, 28, 34-37) is optically detected.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sicke (18) mit scharfen Kanten (19-22) ausgeformt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the bead (18) is formed with sharp edges (19-22).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem dem Schweißkopf (1) zugewandten Werkstück (11) als Vertiefung eine Sicke (18, 28, 34-37) ausgeformt wird, und dass beim Schweißen zur Nahtverfolgung die Sicke (18, 28, 34-37) berührend abgetastet wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a bead (18, 28, 34-37) is formed as a depression in the workpiece (11) facing the welding head (1), and in that the bead (18, 28, 34-37) is touched.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sicke (28) mit einer Rille ausgeformt wird, wobei zur NahtVerfolgung in der Rille eine Tastspitze (29, 30) geführt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the bead (28) is formed with a groove, a probe tip (29, 30) being guided in the groove for seam tracking.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Erzeugen einer durchgehenden Schweißnaht in dem dem Schweißkopf (1) zugewandten Werkstück (11) als Vertiefung eine durchgehende Sicke (34) ausgeformt wird, und dass beim Schweißen zur Nahtverfolgung mit einem Detektor die Sicke (34) wiedergebende Bildsignale gewonnen werden.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a continuous bead (34) is formed as a depression to produce a continuous weld seam in the workpiece (1) facing the welding head (1), and that the bead is used during welding for seam tracking with a detector (34) reproducing image signals can be obtained.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Erzeugen einer unterbrochenen Schweißnaht in dem dem Schweißkopf (1) zugewandten Werkstück (11) als Vertiefung mehrere entlang der Schweißnaht beabstandete Sicken (35-37) ausgeformt werden, und daß beim Schweißen zur Nahtverfolgung mit einem Detektor die Sicken (35.37) wiedergebende Bildsignale gewonnen werden.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for producing an interrupted weld in the workpiece (11) facing the workpiece (11) as a recess, a plurality of beads (35-37) spaced apart along the weld are formed, and that during welding for seam tracking image signals reproducing the beads (35.37) are obtained with a detector.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus den Bildsignalen Stellsignale zum Ein- und8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that from the image signals control signals for input and
Ausschalten der Wärmequelle (6) gewonnen werden. Switching off the heat source (6) can be obtained.
PCT/EP2004/010832 2003-10-06 2004-09-28 Method for joining two workpieces by fusion welding using detectors for locating recesses in said workpieces WO2005035179A1 (en)

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CN105665931A (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-06-15 哈尔滨工业大学 Double-laser-beam welding method for T-shaped structure pre-filled with welding material
CN105665931B (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-05-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Double-laser-beam welding method for T-shaped structure pre-filled with welding material
DE102018216501A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 applicationtechnology GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a welded connection, component unit and motor vehicle

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