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WO2006058369A1 - Systemes d'electrodes a polarite reversible - Google Patents

Systemes d'electrodes a polarite reversible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006058369A1
WO2006058369A1 PCT/AU2005/001802 AU2005001802W WO2006058369A1 WO 2006058369 A1 WO2006058369 A1 WO 2006058369A1 AU 2005001802 W AU2005001802 W AU 2005001802W WO 2006058369 A1 WO2006058369 A1 WO 2006058369A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
charge
residual
polarity
scr
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/001802
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Leslie Stephen Smith
Original Assignee
Poolrite Equipment Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004906862A external-priority patent/AU2004906862A0/en
Application filed by Poolrite Equipment Pty Ltd filed Critical Poolrite Equipment Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2005312332A priority Critical patent/AU2005312332A1/en
Priority to EP05813571A priority patent/EP1831431A4/fr
Publication of WO2006058369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006058369A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with improvements in reversible polarity electrode systems for electrolytic cells.
  • the invention is concerned particularly, although not exclusively, with improvements in self-cleaning reversible polarity chlorinators for swimming pools, spas and the like.
  • Electrolytic chlorinators have evolved to overcome the problems associated with chemical dosing of swimming pools, spas and the like to prevent the accumulation of algae and bacteria therein. Hitherto the process of dissolving large quantities of expensive calcium and sodium based chloride salts in a body of water has resulted in high levels of hypochlorite ions which, apart from causing skin and eye irritations in bathers, frequently necessitated the addition of equally expensive pool chemicals such as hydrochloric acid to adjust water pH, bicarbonate of soda to act as a pH buffer and soluble calcium salts to maintain a total dissolved solids balance to reduce leaching of concrete or plaster pool wall surfaces.
  • hypochlorite ions which, apart from causing skin and eye irritations in bathers, frequently necessitated the addition of equally expensive pool chemicals such as hydrochloric acid to adjust water pH, bicarbonate of soda to act as a pH buffer and soluble calcium salts to maintain a total dissolved solids balance to reduce leaching of concrete or plaster pool wall surfaces.
  • electrolytic cells typically included spaced electrodes comprising at least one cathode and at least one anode fabricated from flat or expanded sheet titanium, the anode further including a catalytic coating including rare earth metals such as ruthenium platinum and iridium. Electrodes embodying a catalytic coating are exemplified in United States Patent 3711385. Prior art pool and spa chlorinators typically comprised "in-line” and "in- pool” electrolytic cells.
  • in-line cells were usually plumbed into the return line between the filtration system and the pool and were designed to operate only when the pool filter pump was operating to circulate water through the cell. Because their duty cycle was limited to the duration of the filtration system, in-line cells are generally designed as high capacity chlorine generators and typically operate at a voltage of from 24-32 volts and a current density of from 300- 400 amps/m 2 .
  • Prior art "in-line” chlorinators are described in United States Patents 4472256, 4808290, 4861451 , 5221451 , 5460706 and 6059942.
  • "In-pool" type chlorinators are described in Australian Patent 569026, United States Patent 4997540 and United States Patent 5228964.
  • United States Patent 5034110 to provide cell control circuitry which allowed a progressive ramping down of input cell voltage to a zero value at which point polarity was reversed before progressively ramping voltage back up to normal operating levels.
  • the polarity reversal system of United States Patent 5034110 is said to be suitable for both "in-line” and "in-pool” chlorinator cells.
  • United States Patent 6391167 describes the construction of an "inline" chlorinator having an electrode assembly accessible through a removable cover for maintenance.
  • This specification describes a power supply for the cell to facilitate both current and voltage regulation to protect the cell components under abnormal operating conditions.
  • a gas trap is employed as a flow sensor such that the cell is shut down in a controlled manner whereby fora predetermined period of after-run, hydrogen is generated to remove scale from the electrodes.
  • An additional self cleaning function may be achieved by reversing the polarity between electrodes in a 90 second polarity reversal cycle comprising a 30 second cell discharge phase, a 30 second polarity changeover phase, and a 30 second recharge phase.
  • a method of reversing electrode polarity in an electrolytic cells including the steps of:- isolating electrodes of said cell from an electrical charge applied thereto by a power source; effecting a controlled discharge to a predetermined value of residual charge carried on said electrodes; effecting reversal of polarity of said electrical charge applied by said power source; and reapplying said electrical charge whereby a direction of current flow between said electrodes is reversed.
  • said residual charge is at least partially discharged by the application to said electrodes of charge pulses of opposite sign to said residual charges on respective electrodes.
  • said charge pulses may be of a predetermined voltage.
  • the charge pulses may be of a predetermined duration.
  • said charge pulses may be applied with a predetermined frequency.
  • said power source may include one or more SCR switch mechanisms.
  • said one or more SCR switch mechanisms are energized immediately before change of polarity in said cell whereby a driven side potential of said one or more SCR switch mechanisms and a potential of said residual charge approach an equilibrium value.
  • said SCR switch mechanisms are energized for a number of times until said potential of said residual charge reaches a predetermined value.
  • application to said electrodes of charges pulses is effected by energizing the gate of a transistor switching device with a pulse width modulated signal whereby a potential of said residual charge decays at a predetermined rate towards a zero value.
  • the residual charge on said electrodes may be at least partially discharged by effecting an electrical short circuit between said electrodes.
  • said electrical short circuit discharges, at least partially, residual inductive charges in electrical circuitry coupled to said electrode conductors.
  • a controlled discharge is effected by interrupting current flow from residual charges in said electrodes before a complete discharge occurs thereby allowing a controlled discharge rate.
  • said pulse width modulated signals are applied periodically to discharge said electrodes to a predetermined value.
  • an electrolytic cell assembly adapted for reversible polarity operation, said cell assembly including:- at least two spaced electrodes; control circuitry, in use, to selectively reverse polarity in electrical charges applied to said electrodes at predetermined intervals, said electrolytic cell assembly characterized in that said control circuitry is adapted to at least partially discharge residual charges on said at least two spaced electrodes before reapplication of an operating charge of reversed polarity.
  • controlled discharge is effected by interrupting, with a switching mechanism, in said control circuitry, current flow from said residual charge before complete discharge of said residual charge occurs thereby allowing a controlled discharge rate.
  • said switching mechanism may include one or more SCR switching devices.
  • said switching mechanism may include one or more transistor switching devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the application of a half wave rectified power signal to a prior art chlorinator
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematically control circuit and cell according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a power signal produced by the circuitry of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a modified signal produced by the circuit of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a cell discharge device
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the control circuit of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 7 shows graphically, the operation of the bleed circuit shown in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 shows graphically, the controlled discharge of residual electrode charges and induced circuit charges for the circuit arrangement of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 shows graphically, the controlled discharge of residual electrode charges and induced circuit charges for the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2.
  • Reverse polarity chlorinators typically incorporate an electrolytic cell and control circuitry.
  • the control circuitry usually incorporates a current rectifier to rectify mains AC power to half or full wave rectified.
  • the rectified DC power is supplied to the cell with a voltage between 5 volts and 30 volts and a current density of typically 300 amp m 2 .
  • the electrolytic cell incorporates titanium cathodes and anodes that are coated with a conductive coating material including rare earth metals such as ruthenium, platinum and iridium.
  • a conductive coating material including rare earth metals such as ruthenium, platinum and iridium.
  • the coating is slightly porous, which allows electrolyte to penetrate the coating and contact an electrode.
  • a scale When an electrical charge is supplied to the cell, a scale, usually comprising predominantly insoluble calcium salts, plates out on a surface of the cathode. Over a period of time the scale substantially reduces the conductivity of the cathode and hence, reduces the ability of the cell to produce chlorine at the anode.
  • the electrode previously acting as a cathode exhibits a very low resistance to current, possibly due to the high concentration of anions with and on the surface of the electrode coating.
  • the low resistance permits an initial large current spike followed by a rapid increase in resistance in the electrode with a resultant voltage spike of up to say 30 volts on a cell normally operating with a 15 volt charge.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically the initial voltage spike 14 on the first half wave of a rectified signal compared with a normal signal value 11.
  • a positive signal 150 is communicated to the cell 30 by triggering the first SCR 70 when the first wave 130 has a phase value equal to about 90 degrees and hence, a positive voltage value. It should be appreciated that any phase value between 0 and 179 degrees may be suitable.
  • the first SCR 70 prevents further communication of the first wave 130 to the cell 30 when the phase of the first wave is at about 180 degrees. Subsequently, the third SCR 90 is triggered and allows communication of the phase shifted wave 140 to the cell 30 when the phase shifted wave 140 has a phase value of about 270 degrees, and therefore, a positive voltage value. It should again be appreciated that any phase value between about 180 and 359 degrees may be suitable.
  • the second SCR 90 prevents further communication of the phase shifted wave 140 to the cell 30 when the phase shifted wave 140 has a phase difference of about 360 degrees. This process is repeated for the duration of the positive signal 150. The first cycle is driven by stored charge and transformer potential.
  • the stored charge feeds back along the rectifier circuit and causes a momentary overloading on the electrode plates 40 and 50.
  • the stored charge will normally equalize when a thyristor is excited in the first half cycle.
  • the thyristor will remain excited while a stored charge is available to drive it in prior art devices.
  • FIG. 1 there is a residual negative potential 12 of one or more volts which causes the momentary overload. As the value of the negative charge changes to positive a residual positive potential 13 is generated on the electrodes.
  • FIG. 2 there is provided a schematic diagram of a reverse polarity chlorinator 10, incorporating a power supply 20, a microprocessor controller 25, a transformer 21 , a cell 30, having at least two electrodes 40 and 50, and a rectifier circuit 60.
  • the rectifier circuit 60 incorporates a first SCR 70, a second SCR 80, a third SCR 90 and a fourth SCR 100.
  • a first SCR cathode 71 of the first SCR 70, a second SCR anode 81 of the second SCR 80, a third SCR cathode 91 of the third SCR 90 and a fourth SCR anode 101 of the fourth SCR 100 are electrically connected to the cell 30.
  • a first SCR anode 72 of the first SCR 70 and a second SCR cathode 82 of the second SCR 80 are electrically connected to a first transformer end tap 22.
  • a third SCR anode 92 of the third SCR 90 and a fourth SCR cathode 102 of the fourth SCR 100 are electrically connected to a second transformer end tap 23 that is phase shifted 180 degrees from the first end tap.
  • Microprocessor controller 25 includes a wave signal generator device to produce a first wave signal and a phase shifted signal.
  • the signal generator device may be powered by a switch mode supply or a transformer supply as illustrated.
  • a first SCR gate 73, a second SCR gate 83, a third SCR gate 93 and a fourth SCR gate 103 are electrically connected to the controller 25 enabling the controller 25 to trigger the first SCR 70, second SCR 80, third SCR 90 and the fourth SCR 100.
  • the cell 30 is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit 60 by cables 65. Controller 25 controls rectifier circuit 60.
  • the reverse polarity chlorinator 10 of FIG. 2 utilises the first SCR 70, the second SCR 80, the third SCR 90 and the fourth SCR 100 to control the timing of a first wave 130 and a phase shifted wave 140 which are generated by the wave signal generator function of controller 25.
  • the control circuitry as shown FIG. 2 permits control of the timing of the first wave 130 and the phase shifted wave 140 in order to restrict current flow to the cathode when the polarity of the first wave 130 and the phase shifted wave 140 is reversed.
  • Controller 25 incorporated into the chlorinator 10 controls the timing. As shown in FIG.
  • the graph represents voltage against time, showing the first wave 130 from a first end tap 22, having a phase difference of 180 degrees in comparison to the phase shifted wave 140 from second end tap 23.
  • the wave signal generator function of controller 25 then creates the first wave 130 and the phase shifted wave 140 with the phase difference of 180 degrees.
  • the first wave 130 and the phase shifted wave 140 both have amplitudes of a maximum of about 30 volts and are both at a frequency of about 50-60 Hz when generated by a transformer connected to a mains supply. The frequency can be much higher when powered by a switch mode supply.
  • a positive charge signal is applied across the cell 30, electrode 50 acts as a cathode, which results in a build up of scale on the electrode 50.
  • electrode 50 acts as a cathode, which results in a build up of scale on the electrode 50.
  • a sufficient amount of scale is deposited on the electrode 50 to reduce the volume of chlorine that is produced at the anode 40.
  • controller 25 shuts off the power to cell 30.
  • the potential difference between the two electrodes 40 and 50 is equal to about 6 volts. The potential difference decreases to 2 volts over a few minutes after which the potential difference continues to gradually decrease at a much slower rate.
  • controller 25 After cell 30 is electrically isolated from its power signal supply, controller 25 repeatedly measures the potential difference between the two electrodes 40 and 50 to determine if the potential difference is below an acceptable level of 1 volt. Testing can be done at a frequency of from about 1 Hz to 16 MHz.
  • the discharge pulses 160 supply electrons to the cathode, similar to the rectified signal of the prior art, however, the discharge pulses 60 have relatively small amplitudes and a very short pulse duration and serve to prevent an initial massive voltage and current spike and the cathode thereby preventing damage occurring to the catalyst coating on the electrode 50 previously acting as a cathode.
  • the first half wave 165 exhibits the same spike phenomenon but as the magnitude and duration of the pulse is relatively small, little or no shock is applied to the electrode coating.
  • the discharge pulses 160 are transmitted after the controller 25 has determined that the potential difference is below an acceptable level, say 1 volt. It should, however, be appreciated that the discharge pulses 160 may be communicated without the controller 25 measuring the potential difference.
  • the discharge pulses 160 are produced by triggering the first SCR 70 when the first wave 130 has a phase value of about 178 degrees. Communication of the first wave signal 130 is prevented by the first SCR 70 when the phase of the first wave 130 is about 180 degrees. Subsequently, the third SCR 90 is triggered when the phase shifted wave 140 is at about 178 degrees phase, and communication of the phase shifted wave 140 is prevented by the third SCR 90 when the phase of the phase shifted wave 140 is about 180 degrees. This process is repeated for 1 second, allowing the communication of about 100 discharge pulses 160 to the cell 30.
  • the residual charge is believed to be generated by charged ions that are trapped around the electrode surface. It is also caused by the addition of the inductive energy that is stored in the circuitry of the prior art devices and in the cables that connect the cells of prior art devices to the circuitry of prior art devices.
  • the reverse polarity chlorinator 10 of FIG. 1 prevents the creation of the large initial positive voltage spike and the large initial negative voltage spike by communicating discharge pulses 160, shown in FIG. 4, to the cell 30.
  • the discharge pulses 160 are communicated to the cell 30 to produce a discharge spike 165 that has a sufficiently low voltage to prevent damaging the coating of rare earth metals on the two terminals 40 and 50.
  • the SCR would remain excited until the bulk of the stored charge has passed in a single cycle.
  • the discharge pulse duration is short enough that the change in polarity of the end tap reaches a sufficient negative polarity to stop excitation of the SCR before the bulk of the discharge occurs.
  • the output to the electrode may ramp up to full operational parameters.
  • FIG. 5 there is provided a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the reverse polarity chlorinator 10, which incorporates a relay circuit 180.
  • the relay circuit 180 incorporates a switch 190 and a resistor 250.
  • the switch 190 When the switch 190 is closed a short circuit is created between the two electrodes 40 and 50, which discharges the potential difference between the two electrodes 40 and 50 as well as any induced charge in the control circuitry, thereby achieving the same effect as the discharge pulses 160.
  • FIG. 6 represents an alternative embodiment to that of FIG. 2.
  • the rectifier circuit 60 includes transistor switch devices such as MOSFETS 250 instead of the SCR switch devices shown in FIG. 2.
  • a bleed circuit 255 represented by a transistor such as a MOSFET, electronic relay device or suitable switching mechanism 256 and a regulating resistor 257.
  • This bleed circuit 255 can also be incorporated into the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2.
  • MOSFET 256 is electrically coupled to controller 25 by conduit 259.
  • FIG. 7 shows graphically, the operation of bleed circuit 255 in an electrolytic cell assembly of the invention.
  • the circuit is activated when the electrodes are isolated by a pulse width modulated signal from controller 25 to switch on bleed circuit 255 which allows the residual electrode charge 210 and any induced circuitry charge to decay to a zero value.
  • FIG. 8 shows graphically, the controlled discharge of residual electrode charge in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 6.
  • the MOSFET switching devices of FIG.6 are initiated at position 301 on the power cycle with a series of pulse width modulated signals when the transformer potential is lower than the residual charge on the electrodes.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates graphically, the operation of the circuit of FIG. 2.
  • a residual charge potential 401 exists on the electrodes.
  • the SCR switching device is actuated at position 402 immediately before the transformer polarity reverses.
  • the transformer potential is zero but the SCR switching device remains excited by the residual charge potential on the electrodes.
  • the electrode charge potential has been reduced at the point where it intersects with the transformer potential 405.
  • the excitation of the SCR switching device ceases and no further current flows in the circuitry.
  • This series of steps is repeated for a predetermined number of times by decharge pulses of predetermined amplitude and frequency until the residual charge on the electrodes approaches zero or some other predetermined acceptable value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'inversion de la polarité des électrodes dans une cellule électrolytique, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes d'isolation des électrodes des charges électriques appliquées sur celles-ci, de réalisation d'une décharge contrôlée des dites électrodes jusqu'à une valeur prédéterminée de charge résiduelle, d'inversion de la polarité de la charge électrique appliquée, puis de réapplication de ladite charge électrique, le sens de circulation du courant entre les électrodes étant inversé. De manière appropriée, la décharge contrôlée est effectuée par interruption de la circulation du courant provenant des charges résiduelles dans lesdites électrodes avant la survenue d'une décharge complète.
PCT/AU2005/001802 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Systemes d'electrodes a polarite reversible WO2006058369A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005312332A AU2005312332A1 (en) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Reversible polarity electrode systems
EP05813571A EP1831431A4 (fr) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Systemes d'electrodes a polarite reversible

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004906862A AU2004906862A0 (en) 2004-12-01 Improvements in pool chlorinators
AU2004906862 2004-12-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006058369A1 true WO2006058369A1 (fr) 2006-06-08

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PCT/AU2005/001802 WO2006058369A1 (fr) 2004-12-01 2005-12-01 Systemes d'electrodes a polarite reversible

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1831431A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006058369A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003204168B2 (en) * 2002-05-31 2008-09-18 Watermaid Pty Limited An electrolytic chlorinator device
WO2012045960A1 (fr) 2010-09-27 2012-04-12 Pool Technologie Procede de gestion de la frequence d'inversion d'un reacteur electrochimique
CN110366797A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2019-10-22 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 用于改进的电化学系统设计的反馈控制的实施
WO2020241129A1 (fr) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 旭化成株式会社 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil d'électrolyse
US20220119286A1 (en) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-21 Dartpoint Tech. Co., Ltd. Control system of dual power supply type electrolyzer
US20220312160A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Fluidra Group Australia Pty Ltd. Concepts and methods for pool system communication between connectable devices
EP3962541A4 (fr) * 2019-04-29 2023-01-18 Spa Logic, Inc. Système et procédé d'assainissement d'eau
WO2023170660A1 (fr) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Fluidra Group Australia Pty Ltd. Rectification synchrone de chlorateur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2344650A1 (fr) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-14 Bayer Ag Procede evitant la formation d'hydrogene lors d'un court-circuit de cellules d'electrolyse
US4328084A (en) * 1978-08-14 1982-05-04 Shindell Herman A Apparatus for the treatment of water
WO1995027684A1 (fr) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Berrett Pty. Ltd. Traitement de l'eau par electrolyse
AU3397199A (en) * 1998-06-09 1999-12-16 Clearwater Australia Pty Limited Polarity-reversing device
JP2000054177A (ja) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-22 Toto Ltd 電気分解装置
US6301951B1 (en) * 1998-08-25 2001-10-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of controlling a sensor for determining an oxygen concentration in a gas mixture
US6391167B1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2002-05-21 Integrated Pool Products (Proprietary) Limited Water chlorinator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2344650A1 (fr) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-14 Bayer Ag Procede evitant la formation d'hydrogene lors d'un court-circuit de cellules d'electrolyse
US4328084A (en) * 1978-08-14 1982-05-04 Shindell Herman A Apparatus for the treatment of water
WO1995027684A1 (fr) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-19 Berrett Pty. Ltd. Traitement de l'eau par electrolyse
AU3397199A (en) * 1998-06-09 1999-12-16 Clearwater Australia Pty Limited Polarity-reversing device
JP2000054177A (ja) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-22 Toto Ltd 電気分解装置
US6301951B1 (en) * 1998-08-25 2001-10-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of controlling a sensor for determining an oxygen concentration in a gas mixture
US6391167B1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2002-05-21 Integrated Pool Products (Proprietary) Limited Water chlorinator

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Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 2000-233322 *
See also references of EP1831431A4 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003204168B2 (en) * 2002-05-31 2008-09-18 Watermaid Pty Limited An electrolytic chlorinator device
WO2012045960A1 (fr) 2010-09-27 2012-04-12 Pool Technologie Procede de gestion de la frequence d'inversion d'un reacteur electrochimique
CN110366797B (zh) * 2017-03-06 2023-01-06 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 用于改进的电化学系统设计的反馈控制的实施
CN110366797A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2019-10-22 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 用于改进的电化学系统设计的反馈控制的实施
US11639300B2 (en) 2019-04-29 2023-05-02 Spa Logic, Inc. Water sanitation system and method
EP3962541A4 (fr) * 2019-04-29 2023-01-18 Spa Logic, Inc. Système et procédé d'assainissement d'eau
JP7228692B2 (ja) 2019-05-31 2023-02-24 旭化成株式会社 電解装置の運転方法
JPWO2020241129A1 (ja) * 2019-05-31 2021-12-23 旭化成株式会社 電解装置の運転方法
WO2020241129A1 (fr) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 旭化成株式会社 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil d'électrolyse
US20220119286A1 (en) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-21 Dartpoint Tech. Co., Ltd. Control system of dual power supply type electrolyzer
US11952295B2 (en) * 2020-10-20 2024-04-09 Dartpoint Tech. Co., Ltd. Control system of dual power supply type electrolyzer
US20220312160A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Fluidra Group Australia Pty Ltd. Concepts and methods for pool system communication between connectable devices
WO2023170660A1 (fr) * 2022-03-11 2023-09-14 Fluidra Group Australia Pty Ltd. Rectification synchrone de chlorateur

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Publication number Publication date
EP1831431A1 (fr) 2007-09-12
EP1831431A4 (fr) 2009-02-25

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